JOSE RIZAL
representation in the Spanish parliament, and
Jose Rizal, born on June 19, 1861, in
Calamba, Philippines, was a patriot,
physician, and man of letters who played
a significant role in the Philippine
nationalist movement. He was the son of
Francisco Rizal Mercado y Alejandro and
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos.
Rizal received his education in Manila
and later studied at the University of
Madrid. Throughout his life, he became
an inspiration to many Filipinos and an
advocate for peaceful reform of Spain's
colonial rule in the Philippines. Rizal
excelled in various fields, including
medicine, poetry, architecture, sociology,
and more. His intellectual power and
artistic talent made him a prominent
figure in the Philippine Revolution
against colonial Spain. He became a
doctor since his mother eyes were not
good and he was the first Filipino to
perform an surgery that became
successful.
Cause of Death
Jose Rizal's death occurred on December 30,
1896, in Manila. He was executed after a
show trial that convicted him on charges of
rebellion, sedition, and conspiracy. Rizal was
sentenced to death by firing squad. At the
age of 35, he faced his public execution,
where he wore a black suit, black pants, a
black bowler hat, and a white shirt with his
arms tied behind his back. His last words
before his death were "consummatum est,"
which means "It is finished." Rizal's
execution marked him as a martyr and an
icon for the nationalist movement in the
Philippines.
CONTRIBUTIONS
1. Literary Works: Rizal's literary prowess
illuminated the path toward Filipino national
identity. His novels, "Noli Me Tangere" and "El
Filibusterismo," exposed the injustices and
abuses of the Spanish colonial government.
These works served as a catalyst for awakening
national consciousness and inspiring resistance
against colonial rule.
2. Nationalism and Patriotism: Rizal's writings
and actions epitomized his deep love for his
country and his desire for Philippine
independence. He advocated for the integration
of the Philippines as a province of Spain,
the replacement of Spanish friars by Filipino
priests.
3. Equality and Social Justice: Rizal fought for
the equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before
the law. He believed in the importance of social
justice and worked towards creating a more
equitable society.
4. Education: Rizal recognized the power of
education in empowering the Filipino people.
He emphasized the need for Filipinos to have
access to quality education and promoted the
establishment of schools and educational
reforms.
5. Peaceful Reforms: Rizal was a proponent of
peaceful reform and advocated for non-violent
means of protest against oppressive regimes. He
believed in the power of intellectual and moral
persuasion to effect change.
6. Inspiration for the Revolution: Rizal's
martyrdom and his writings inspired and united
the Filipino people in their fight for
independence. His death became a symbol of
the struggle against colonial oppression, and his
ideals galvanized the nationalist movement.
7. Cultural Identity: Rizal played a crucial role in
shaping the Filipino cultural identity. He
emphasized the importance of preserving and
celebrating Filipino culture, language, and
traditions.
8. Legacy of Heroism: Rizal's contributions and
sacrifices have made him a national hero in the
Philippines. His legacy continues to inspire
generations of Filipinos to strive for freedom,
justice, and national pride.
Jose Rizal's execution had a profound influence
on the Philippine independence movement.
Here are some ways his execution impacted the
movement:
1. Symbol of Resistance: Rizal's execution turned
him into a martyr and a symbol of resistance
against Spanish colonial rule. His sacrifice
inspired a sense of unity and determination
among Filipinos to fight for their rights and
independence.
2. Awakening of National Consciousness: Rizal's
death awakened the national consciousness of
the Filipino people. It highlighted the injustices
of Spanish rule and fueled a desire for self-
determination and independence.
3. Ignition of Revolutionary Spirit: Rizal's
execution ignited the revolutionary spirit among
Filipinos. It served as a catalyst for the
Philippine Revolution, which aimed to
overthrow Spanish rule and establish an
independent nation.
4. Strengthening of Independence Movement:
Rizal's death galvanized the independence
movement in the Philippines. It brought
together different factions and groups, fostering
a sense of solidarity and a shared goal of
achieving independence.
5. Rizal Day Celebration: Every year on
December 30, the anniversary of Rizal's
execution, Rizal Day is celebrated as a national
holiday in the Philippines. It serves as a
reminder of Rizal's contributions and sacrifices,
as well as a time to reflect on the ongoing
struggle for independence.
6 Influence on Future Leaders: Rizal's ideas,
writings, and sacrifice influenced and inspired
future leaders of the independence movement,
such as Emilio Aguinaldo and Andres Bonifacio.
His teachings and principles shaped the
strategies and goals of the revolutionaries.
Jose Rizal’S Execution
 Symbol of Resistance: Rizal's execution
turned him into a martyr and a symbol
of resistance against Spanish colonial
rule. His sacrifice inspired a sense of
unity and determination among
Filipinos to fight for their rights and
independence.
 Awakening of National Consciousness:
Rizal's death awakened the national
consciousness of the Filipino people. It
highlighted the injustices of Spanish rule
and fueled a desire for self-
determination and independence.
 Rizal Day Celebration: Every year on
December 30, the anniversary of Rizal's
execution, Rizal Day is celebrated as a
national holiday in the Philippines. It
serves as a reminder of Rizal's
contributions and sacrifices, as well as a
time to reflect on the ongoing struggle
for independence.
 Influence on Future Leaders: Rizal's
ideas, writings, and sacrifice influenced
and inspired future leaders of the
independence movement, such as
Emilio Aguinaldo and Andres Bonifacio.
His teachings and principles shaped the
strategies and goals of the revolutionaries.
Jose Rizal's execution played a crucial role in
shaping the trajectory of the Philippine
independence movement. It sparked a spirit of
resistance, unity, and determination among
Filipinos, ultimately leading to the
establishment of an independent Philippines.
Andres Bonifacio was a Filipino revolutionary
leader and a key figure in the Philippine
independence movement. Here is an overview
of his life, the KKK movement, his impact, and
his motivations:
Life of Andres Bonifacio
Andres Bonifacio was born on November 30,
1863, in Manila, Philippines. He came from a
humble background and had little formal
education. Bonifacio worked as a messenger
and warehouse keeper before becoming
involved in nationalist activities.
The KKK Movement
Bonifacio founded the Kataastaasan
Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng
Bayan (KKK), also known as the Katipunan, in
1892. The Katipunan was a secret society that
aimed to achieve Philippine independence from
Spanish colonial rule through armed revolution.
It became a major force in the fight for
independence and played a crucial role in the
Philippine Revolution.
Impact of Andres Bonifacio
1. Leadership and Organization: Bonifacio's
leadership skills were instrumental in mobilizing
the masses and organizing the Katipunan. He
inspired and motivated Filipinos to join the
movement and fight for their freedom.
2. Revolutionary Ideals: Bonifacio's vision for an
independent Philippines resonated with many
Filipinos and provided a rallying point for the
nationalistic sentiment. He emphasized the
need for unity, self-governance, and social
justice.
3. Sparking the Revolution: Bonifacio's call to
arms and the revolt he instigated in August 1896
marked the beginning of the Philippine
Revolution against Spanish colonial rule. His
actions were influential in galvanizing the
Filipino people to rise up against their
oppressors.
4. Symbol of Resistance: Bonifacio's bravery and
sacrifice made him a symbol of defiance and
resistance against Spanish oppression. His
determination and willingness to fight for the
country's independence inspired others to join
the cause.
5. Legacy of Heroism: Bonifacio's legacy as a
national hero and a champion of Philippine
independence continues to be celebrated in the
Philippines. His contributions and sacrifices are
remembered and honored to this day.
Motivations of Andres Bonifacio
Bonifacio was driven by a deep sense of
patriotism and a desire for freedom and justice
for the Filipino people. He witnessed firsthand
the injustices and abuses committed by the
Spanish colonial government. Bonifacio believed
that armed revolution was necessary to achieve
genuine independence and to create a society
where Filipinos could govern themselves and
enjoy their rights and liberties.
In the movie "Heneral Luna," the meeting scene
involves several key characters. One of the
central characters is Heneral Antonio Luna, a
passionate and patriotic Filipino general during
the Philippine-American War. Known for his
strong leadership, Luna is determined to fight
against both external and internal threats to the
country. Another important character is Heneral
Tomas Mascardo, a trusted ally of Luna.
Mascardo supports Luna's strategies and tactics
in the war against the Americans, sharing his
vision for Philippine independence.
On the other side, there are characters like
Felipe Buencamino, a Filipino politician
representing the conservative faction within the
government. Buencamino often clashes with
Luna, advocating for a more diplomatic
approach and skepticism towards Luna's
confrontational tactics. Pedro Paterno, another
Filipino politician, plays a significant role as a
collaborator with the American forces. Paterno's
views conflict with Luna's militant approach,
leading to tension and conflict between the
characters.
The meeting scene in "Heneral Luna" likely
showcases the dynamics and conflicts among
these characters as they discuss strategies,
ideologies, and the path forward in the fight for
Philippine independence. The scene could
provide insights into the contrasting viewpoints
and strategies of the characters involved,
highlighting the challenges and complexities of
the time period.
 Fernando Amorsolo's painting, "The
Making of the Philippine Flag," and the
Declaration of Philippine Independence
are both pivotal elements in the cultural
and historical landscape of the
Philippines, each carrying deep
ssignificance.
Fernando Amorsolo, renowned for his luminous
and idyllic landscapes as well as historical
paintings, captures a pivotal moment in
Philippine history with "The Making of the
Philippine Flag." This artwork not only
commemorates the physical creation of the flag
but also embodies the spirit of unity, resilience,
and hope among Filipinos during their struggle
for independence. The painting serves as a
visual representation of the country's journey
towards sovereignty, highlighting the
importance of the flag as a symbol of national
identity, freedom, and pride. Through
Amorsolo's masterful use of light and color, the
painting evokes a sense of reverence and
solemnity, instilling a sense of patriotic pride
and respect for the sacrifices made by the
country's forebears.
The Declaration of Philippine Independence,
proclaimed on June 12, 1898, marked the
Philippines' emancipation from Spanish colonial
rule. This historic event is a testament to the
Filipinos' enduring fight for freedom and self-
determination. The declaration not only
signified the end of over three centuries of
colonization but also marked the birth of a new,
sovereign nation. It embodies the aspirations,
struggles, and ultimate triumph of the Filipino
people in their quest for independence.
Together, Amorsolo's painting and the
Declaration of Philippine Independence
reinforce each other's significance. The painting
visually narrates the process of creating a
symbol — the flag — that would soon flutter
freely in the air of an independent Philippines,
as heralded by the declaration. Both serve as
reminders of the country's rich history of
resilience and the collective effort of its people
to achieve freedom and autonomy. They inspire
reflection on the values of unity, courage, and
patriotism, encouraging Filipinos to honor their
heritage and continue building a strong,
independent nation.