TU DANH GIA NANG LUC HOC TAP CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC CO SO - SO SANH GIUA CAC NHOM THEO MOT SO BIEN DOC LAP Nguyén Thi Hang Truong Dai hoc Tén Trao. TOM TAT Nghién cttu dugc thee hién bang phuong phdp bang héi trén 240 hoc sinh trung hoe co sé (THCS) tai huyén Son Dreong, tinh Tuyén Quang var huyén Doan Hing, tinh Phi: Tho. Két qua cho thdy, nhin chung hoc sinh THCS tham gia nghién citu ne dénh gid nang lue hoe tdp cita ban than & mute d6 trung binh (M = 3,45/5); c6 sue khde bigt cd y nghta thing ké vé te dénh gid nang luc hoe tap giita ode nhém hoc sinh khde nhau vé giéi tinh, hoc luc; khéng cé se kha biét c6 nghia thong ké vé ne danh gid nang luc hoc tap ctia hoc sinh gitta céc khdi l6p. ___ Tir khéa: Ty dénh gid; Nang lec hoc tép; Hoc sinh THCS, Gidi tinh; Hoc lec: Khéi lop. Ngay nhén bai: 20/3/2020; Neay duyét dang bai: 25/6/2020. 1. Dat van ae Cuéc séng cita con nguisi la mot dong chay céc hoat dong dan xen va ké tiép nhau khong ngimg. Trong méi giai doan khac nhau cé nhtng hoat dong chi dgo nhat dinh. Dé dim bao hoat dong c6 két qua, bén canh viée so hiru nhiing nang lye can thiét cho hoat ddng, ca nhan phai biét ty danh gid nang lye cia ban than. Khi nhan thite va dnh gid duge nang lyc cia minh, con ngudi sé 6 nhimg ké hoach cho hoat déng va cach thifc thyrc hién hoat déng mét céch higu qua nhat. Trong céc ni dung ty dénh gid ciia hoc sinh THCS, ty danh gid nang lye hoc tap 14 mét ngi dung rat quan trong, boi vi hoat dong hoc tap la hoat dong chinh, quan trong déi véi cdc em. Day 14 mét trong nhing co sé dé dinh gid vige hoc tap ciia cdc em, déng théi cing duge coi la cn ctr dé dinh huéng, gitip céc em diéu chinh hoat dng hoc tép mét céch c6 higu qua. Ty danh gid ding nang lye hoc tap ciia ban than sé gitip céc em cé sy ty tin nhat dinh, cé 58 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, S67 (256), 7'- 2020nhiing bién. php, phuong phap hoc tap hop ly dé nang cao hiéu qua cia hoat dong hoc tap. Trén thé gidi, van dé ty danh gid nang luc hoc tap da nhan duge su quan tam nghién ctu cia nhiéu téc gid. Mot mat, céc nghién etru nay khang dinh vai trd, moi lién hé gitra tu danh gid nang luc hoc tap vi két qua hoc tap cla hoc sinh. Trong nghién ciru vé vai trd cia ty danh gid nang lye véi sy phat trién nhan thirc va hoat dong, A. Bandura (1993) chi ra rang: Ty danh gid nang lye cé anh huéng dén cdc qué trinh nhén thitc, dng co, tinh cam va sir la chon ciia cd nhan. C6 ba cap 49 khéc nhau, theo 46, ty danh gié nang lye ban than tac dong nhu 1a mot dong g6p quan trong cho su phat trién hoat déng hoc tap: niém tin cia ngudi hoc vé nang lyc cla minh trong viée hoc tap va lam chit cae hoat dng hoc tap quyét dinh nguyén vong, déng cova thanh tich hoc t@p ciia ho: nigm ti FI i 3 anh huéng cia minh dén méi trong hge tap va mite dé tién b6 vé hoc sinh vién cua ho dat duge; niém tin ciia céc gidng vién vé nang lye gidng day déng gop dng ké vao thanh tich hoc tap ctia trang. Trong khi d6, mét so nghién ctu khdc lai tap trung tim hiéu sy khdc biét cia ty danh gid nang luc hoc tap gitta cdc nhém hoc sinh/sinh vién khac nhau vé gidi tinh (L. Steinberg va cOng sir, 1993; D.S. Lind va céng sy, 2002), vé hoc lyc (S. Harter, 1990; Tait, Padgett va Baldwin, 1989; R.K. Edwards, 2003). G Viét Nam, cae nghién ciru vé ty danh gid kha phong phii, da dang trén nhidu binh din: ngudn goc cua ty danh gid, biéu hién cua ty danh gid, mite 46 ty danh gid... ciia cdc nhém khach thé nhu: hoc sinh tiéu hoc, thiéu nién, tré tai cdc trung t4m bao try... Tuy nhién, ty danh gid nang luc hoc tap vin 1a mot cha dé khé méi mé trong cdc nghién citu thude Tinh vyc khoa hgc x4 hdi néi chung, Tam ly hoc ndi riéng. Trong mét sé nghién ciru vé ty danh gid ctia thiéu nién cia cde tac gid nhu: Dé Ngoc Khanh (2005), Nguyén Thi Mai Lan (2008), Bai Héng Quan (2015), ty dénh gid nang lye hoe tap duge xem xét nhu la mot trong nhiing khia canh ty danh gid ctta cdc em. it co nghién ctu chuyén sau vé ty danh gid nang lyc hgc tép cla hoc sinh trung hoc co sé. Vi vay, viée tiép tue nghién citu vé chi dé nay, dac biét la tim hiéu mdi lién hé cua né véi gidi tinh, hoc luc, khdi 6p cé y nghia ly luan va thyc tién. Ty dénh gid 14 mét khdi nigm trong Tam ly hoe, phan énh sy dénh gid téng thé cia mt ngudi vé ban than ho. Ty danh gid 1a m6t trong nhitng chi sd cua su phat trién ty nhan thitc va la thanh phan co ban ciia ty y thirc. Theo Tir dién Thudt ngir Tam ly hoc “Ty danh gid 1a c4 nhdn danh gia chinh minh, danh gid nhimg nang lyc, phim chat va vi tri cia minh so véi ning nguai khéc. Gia trj ma eé nhin gén cho minh ho§e cho nhing phdm chat riéng biét cita minh” (Va Diing, 2008, tr. 36). TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, S6 7 (256), 7 - 2020 59S. Franz (1979) coi ty danh gid 14 mét qué trinh cdu thanh cia nhén thitc, la mite d9 phat trién cao cia n6. Trong ty dénh gid, cd nhan khéng chi nhan thie duge minh mét cach chung chung, dai khdi, xac dinh duge cdi ma ban than c6 hodc khéng c6, ma phai chi ra duge cac hién tugng tam ly dugc dénh gid. Ti ché nhan thite vé mite d6 t6n tai cla dic diém tam ly cita minh, ca nhan sé cé sy lién hé voi hé thong quan cia ban than vé gia trj va t6 thai do d6i v6i ban than. Trén co sé ay, ca nhan cé kha nang ty diéu chinh, digu khién hanh vi, tu hoan thién minh. Trén co sé nay, ching tdi quan niém ty dénh gid nhu sau: Tu danh gid la qua trinh cd nhdn danh gid chinh minh, danh gia nhing nding luc, phdm chat va vi tri cla minh, trén co sé a6 tw diéu chinh hanh vi va hoat déng cia ban than. Tée gid Mai Van Hung (2013) cho ring, ning luc hoc tap la kha ning dung, chuyén bién cac thanh phan kién thitc, ky nang, thai 46 va cdc yéu t6 c4 nhan khac theo mét co ché nao dé 4é thyc hién dat chudn nhing nhiém vu hoc tap thiét yéu cia mét mén hoc. Khi nghién ctu vé cde nang lye hoc tap co bin cia hoe sinh, téc gid Trinh Lé Hong Phuong (2014) da dua ra cau tric hé théng nang lyc hoc tap d6i véi hgc sinh gdm 3 nhém: Nhém ning lyc lam chi va phat trién ban than (gdm nang luc ty hoc; nang Iyc tu duy va nang lye van dung kién thie vao thc tién); Nhom nang lye vé quan hé xa hoi (g6m nang luc giao tiép va nang lye hgp tac trong hoc tip); Nhém nang lyc céng cu (gom nang lyc si dung ngén ngit va nang luc thyc hanh) (Trinh Lé Héng Phuong, 2014, tr. 118). Nhu vay, 6 thé hiéu, nang lc hoe tdp 1a kha nang van dung nhing kién thitc, kp nding can thiét cia nguéi hoc vao viée gi i quyét mét nhiém vu hoc tép cu thé, thé hién qua néing luc lam chi va phat trién ban than, nang luc cng cu va nding luc vé quan hé xd héi trong hoc tdp. Theo James H. McMillan va Jessica Hearn (2008), ty dénh gid duge xc dinh 1a mét qué trinh ma ngudi hgc theo déi vi dinh gid chét Iugng tu duy va hanh vi cla minh khi hgc, dng thdi xac dinh cdc chién luge nhim nang cao hiéu biét va ky nang cla ban than. Nghia 1, qué trinh ty dénh gia dién ra khi sinh vién dénh gid cdng viée cua minh nhim cai thign higu sudt, béi qua trinh dy xdc dinh sy chénh léch gitta higu suat mong muén va hiéu sudt thure té, Cudi cing, ty danh gid xdc dinh cdc muc tiéu hoc tap tiép theo va cdc phuong phap sinh vién cé thé 4p dung dé cai thign thanh tich hoc tap cia ban than. Trong nghién ctu nay, chting t6i quan niém ty danh gid nang lye hoc tp ca hoc sinh trung hoc co sé nhu sau: 60 TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sé 7 (256), 7: - 2020Tue dénh gid nding luc hoe tép ctia hoc sinh trung hoc co s6 la su danh gid ctia ede em vé kha nang van dung nhimg Kién thite, ki nang can thiét vao viée giai quyét cdc nhiém vu hoc tap cu thé, thé hign qua nang luc lam chu va phat trién ban than, néing lc céng cu va nang luc vé quan hé xa hi trong hoc tap. Trong 46: Nang luc lam chi va phat trién ban than duge hiéu la nang lye ty hoc, nang lye tu duy va nang Ive van dung kién thie vao thyc hanh. Nang luc céng cy a sit dung ng6n ngf va nang lye thyc hanh trong hoc tap. ‘Nang luc quan hé xa hi la ning lye giao tiép va hop tac & hoc sinh trong hoc tip. 2. Céng cy va phuong phap nghién ciru 2.1. Thang do Trén co so tham khao thang do ty dénh gid nang lyc 6 tré em “Perceived competence scale for children” (1982) ciia Susan Harter, duge sit dung trong nghién cia cia Dé Ngoc Khanh (2005) vé ty danh gid cia hoc sinh THCS 6 Ha NGi va thang do Ty dénh gia nang luc 6 thiéu nién “A brief questionnaire for measuring self-efficacy in youths” cia Muris (2001), duge thiet ké dé do kha nang ty danh gid nang lye cia hgc sinh - sinh vién, nghién ctru x4y dung thang do Ty danh gid nang luc hoc tap ciia hoe sinh THCS, gm 30 ménh dé (item). Trong 46, nhém nang lye lam chi va phat trién ban thén gdm 12 item, nhom nang lye vé quan hé xa hi gdm 8 item, nhom nang luc cong cy gdm 10 item (Nguyén Thj Hing, 2019). Thang do duge xay dung theo thang Likert 5 mite 40: 1- Hoan toan sai, 2- Sai nhiéu hon dung, 3- Nua sai, niza ding, 4- Dung nhiéu hon sai va 5- Hoan toan ding. Céc item 4m tinh duge ma nguge trong qué trinh xi ly s Diém trung binh (M) cang cao cho thdy mite 6 ty dénh gia nang Iyc hoc tap cang cao. 6 ligu thu duge tir khdo sat thyc tién duge xir ly bang phan mém théng ké todn hoc SPSS phién ban 20.0. Ngoai cdc phép théng ké mo ta, nghién cit con str dung mét so phép thng ké dé kiém dinh d6 tin cy cia cdc thang do, so sdnh ty danh gid nang luc hoc tap theo céc yéu t6 gidi tinh, hoc lye. 2.2. Céch xdc dinh bién sé hoc le Trong pham vi nghién ciru nay, ching 16i str dung diém trung binh hoc tap ciia hoc sinh (theo hoc ba) dé danh gid két qua nding luc hoc tap cila cdc em. C4ch phan loai diém trung binh chung nay duge tinh dua trén co sé phan loai cia hé théng gido dyc hign nay: Gidi, Kha, Trung binh, Yéu, Kém. TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, S6 7 (256), 7 - 2020 612.3. Qud trink thu thap va xi lj sé ligu Trudc khi khdo sat chinh thitc, ching tdi da tién hanh khao sat thir trén 50 hoe sinh tai Trugmg THCS Hong Lac (huyén Son Duong, tinh Tuyén Quang). Muc tiéu chinh ciia bude nay nhim chinh stra bang héi. Vi vay, trong qué trinh hoc sinh tra Ii bang hi, ching t6i da ghi lai nhimg cau khéng 16 nghia d6i voi céc em (nhiing cau ma cdc em yéu cau duge gidi thich). Nhing cau héi nay sau d6 duge sira lai véi sy tham gia déng gop y kién cia cdc chuyén gia. Thoi gian bang hoi cling duge chiing tdi ghi lai 48 xem xét viée diéu chinh d6 dai ciia bang héi. Két qua khdo sét thir cho thdy, thdi gian trung binh hoan thanh mét bang hdi ciia hoc sinh 1a 45 phiit. Thdi gian 46 trong duong véi thdi gian dién ra hoc cia hoc sinh trung hoc co sé do BO Gido duc va Dao tao da quy . Diéu d6 ching té d6 dai cia bang héi phd hgp, khéng can diéu chinh. Khao sdt chinh thite duge thyc hién trén 273 hoc sinh lop 6 va lép 9 tai 4 trudng THCS: Trudng THCS Van Phu, Trung THCS Héng Lac (tinh Tuyén Quarig); Truong THCS Phi Thit, Trudng THCS Phong Phi (tinh Phi Tho) va 28 gido vien tryc tiép ging day cdc em. Két qua kiém phiéu cho thay, c6 33 phieu danh cho hoc sinh khéng dit nhig théng tin cn thiét, bj loai. Sé phiéu hop'lé [a 240 phiéu dugc dua vao xi ly. Khach thé tham gia nghién citu tra loi phiéu hoi mét cach ty nguyén, d6c lap, khach quan theo suy nghi cia ban than. Moi thic mic cia hoc sinh trong qué trinh lam phiéu déu duge ching tdi giai dap tai chd nhim dam bao tinh trung thyc, khach quan clia tat ca cdc thong tin thu durgc. Bang 1: Dac diém cia khdch thé nghién ctru Tiéu chi S6 Ivgng Ty 18% ae Nam 124 517 GiGi Koh Na 116 483 Gidi St 21,3 Hoe lye Kha lol 424 Trung binh, Yéu va Kém 88 36,6 . Lop6 123 513 Kidd lp Lép9 17 48,7 2.4, Xir ly sé ligu 86 ligu thu duge tir didu tra bang héi duge xit ly biing phin mam théng ké ton hoc SPSS phién ban 20.0. Ngoai cdc phép théng ké mé ta, nghién ciru 62 TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, S6 7 (256), 7 - 2020con str dung mét sé phép théng ké 48 kiém dinh 46 tin cay ctia cdc thang do, hé sé tuong quan gitta ty danh gid nang luc hoc tap voi cdc yéu t6 gidi tinh, hoc luc, khéi l6p. D6 tin cay clia bang héi sau khi xit ly 36 liéu duge thé hién qua bang sau: Bang 2: Dé tin ody ctia thang do Tw danh gid nding luc hoc tap Cae tigu thang do Hé 86 @ Nhom nang lyc lam chii va phat trién ban thén 0,87 Nhém nang Ie cong cy 0,82 hom nang lye vé quan hé xa hdi 0,92 D6 tin edy chung cua todn thang do 0,94 Trén co sé diém trung binh (M) ty dénh gia nang luc hoc tap cia hoc sinh THCS va dé Iéch chun (SD) (lan lugt tuong img 14 3,45 va 0,66), tyr danh gid ning lye hgc t4p ciia hoc sinh tham gia nghién ciru duge chia thanh 3 mite: - Mite 49 thap: 1 0,05). Két qua nay khéng dong thudn véi két qué nghién ciru cua téc gid Bui Héng Quan (2015). Trong pham vi nghién cir nay, ching tdi chua ¢6 co sé khang dinh mét didu gi chac chin, song day cé thé 1a mt huéng nghién ciru méi cdn duge quan tam dé cé thé dua ra durgc nhiing nhan dinh chinh xéc va khdch quan hon vé méi lién hé gitra ty dinh gid nang lye hoc tap va khéi lop (d6 tudi) cia hoc sinh. 4. Két luan Nhu vay cé thé thay, hoc sinh THCS tham gia nghién ctru nay ty danh gid nang, lye hoe tap cia ban than 6 mire dé trung binh. Cé sy khac bigt c6 y nghia théng ké vé mic 46 ty danh gid nang lyc hoc tap cia hoc sinh theo gidi tinh, hoc lye; khéng ghi nhan sy khdc biét c6 ¥ nghia théng ké vé ty danh gid nang luc hoc tap theo khéi 1ép & hoe sinh. 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