Transparent

Electronics
A complex technology simplified

BY-
KAMBHAMPATI ANUSRI
19BD1A1025
 Contents
What is Transparent Electronics?
Making of Transparent Electronics
Transparent Thin Film Resistors
Transparent Thin Film Capacitors
Transparent Thin Film Inductors
Transparent Thin Film Transistors
Operation of bottom gate TTFT
Advancements made in Transparent Electronics
Market Of Transparent Electronics
Future Scope
Conclusion
References
What is
Transparent
Electronics?
Transparent electronics is an emerging
technology that employs wide band-gap
semiconductors for the realization of
invisible circuits.
Transparent Monitor Why Transparent?

Interactive Games 3D Effect Bi-Directional Display

The two technologies which preceded and underlie transparent
electronics are Transparent Conductive Oxides(TCOs) and Thin-
Film Transistors(TFTs) .

TCOs constitute an unusal class of materials possessing high optical

transparency and high electric conductivity.

The Thin Film Transistor(TFTs) is a technology underlying

transparent electronics as it is a bridge between passive electrical
and active electronic applications.
During the past 10 years, the classes of materials available for
transparent electronics applications have grown dramatically.
Historically, this area was dominated by transparent conducting
oxides because of their wide use in antistatic coatings, touch display
panels, solar cells,‘smart windows’ and optical coatings. All these
applications use transparent conductive oxides as passive electrical or
optical coatings.
Oxide semiconductors
combine high/low
conductivity with high
visual transparency.

The transistor materials must be

transparent to visible light and have
good carrier mobilities which need a
special materials class having
contra-indicated properties.
The main advantages of using ZnO are:
Can be grown at room temperature .
It has wide band gap(3.4eV).
Amorphous oxides with heavy metal content(InGaZnO4).

OXIDES
ZnO

InGaZnO4
Making of
transparent
systems

MATERIAL DEVICE CIRCUITS SYSTEMS

 Transparent
Conducting
Devices

Passive Active

TTFR TTFC TTFI TTFT

Transparent Thin
Film Resistors
Expected to operate at lower
frequencies.
Substrate materials include
silicon, alumina.
Transparent Thin
Film Capacitors
Capacitor must have linear current
voltage derivative property.
Large capacitance density is required
to minimize the size.
Thin insulator with high dielectric (a) Plain view of TTFC
constant value is the best. (b) Cross-sectional view of TTFC
Transparent Thin
Film Inductors
Inductor must have linear voltage
current derivative property.
A large 'Q value' is better ,Q=(2πfL/RL).
Transparent Thin
Film Transistors
Formed from highly insulating, wide band gap transparent
semiconductor(ZnO).
Source, drain and gate contacts are made from highly
conductive TCO.
2 possible configurations are bottom and top gate.
They constitute the heart of transparent electronics.
Operation of bottom gate TTFT
Advancements made in
Transparent Electronics
Significant advances in the emerging science of transparent
electronics, creating transparent "p-type" semiconductors that
have more than 200 times the conductivity of the best materials.
It is opening the door to new types of electronic circuits that
when deposited onto glass are literally invisible.
Researchers at Oregon State University and Hewlett Packard have
reported transparent materials could be made from a class of
materials that are inexpensive, stable, and environmentally
benign.
Transparent semiconductors in addition to being transparent have
a number of useful characteristics including a wide band gap,
relatively high carrier mobility, low-temperature manufacturability
and low manufacturing costs.
Advancements made in
Transparent Electronics
Transparent electronic circuits will have unprecedented
applications in flat panel displays and seethrough
display or novel display structured devices.
They have been widely used in applications like anistatic
coatings, touch display panels, solar cells, flat panel
displays, heaters, defrosters, optical coatings etc.
Market Of Transparent
Electronics
The transparent electronic devices in the market have two
challenges to overcome in order to capture the market which
are they are tool cool to succeed and current applications for
transparent devices are quite primitive.
These devices have to focus on the factors like aesthetics,
integration, improvement in economics and the aspects of
them which are not directly related to tranparency
 Future Scope
In the field of solar cells, there is a plenty of opportunity to
study and improve device performance and fabrication
techniques compared with non-transparent solar cell
devices.
 CONCLUSION
Oxides represent a relatively new class of semiconductor materials applied to active
devices, such as TFTs. The combination of high field effect mobility and low processing
temperature for oxide semiconductors makes them attractive for high performance
electronics on flexible plastic substrates. The marriage of two rapidly evolving areas of
research, OLEDs and transparent electronics, enables the realization of novel transparent
OLED displays. This appealing class of see through devices will have a great impact on
human–machine interaction in the near future. EC device technology for the built
environment may emerge as one of the keys to combating the effects of global warming,
and this novel technology may also serve as an example of the business opportunities
arising from the challenges caused by climate changes. The transparency of solar cells at a
specific light band will also lead to new applications such as solar windows. The field of
energy harvesting is gaining momentum by the increases in gasoline price and
environment pollution caused by traditional techniques.
 References
‘Transparent Electronics ’, Springer publications, J.F.Wager,
D. A. Keszler, R. E. Presley.
‘Transparent electronics: from synthesis to applications’,
Wiley publications: Antonio Facchetti, Tobin J. Marks.
www.wikipedia.org
www.ieee.org
www.sciencemag.org
www.wiley.com