2.

SECTIONAL VIEWS
Introduction to Sectional Views
• An orthographic projection of a product will show the
exterior surfaces.
• Interior details are hidden and are represented with the
hidden-line symbol.
• If the hidden features are complex, these hidden lines do
not show them clearly. In such cases, a sectional view is
drawn.
• A sectional view is made by passing an imaginary cutting
plane through the object. One part is removed, exposing
the interior details to view. The location of the imaginary
cutting plane is shown on a drawing with a cutting-plane
line.
• A sectional view frequently replaces one of the regular
views. For example, a regular front view is replaced by a
front section
Imagine slicing the object in the middle as
shown in the figure below
Cutting Plane Lines

Cutting plane lines are used to show the location of cutting

planes for sectional views. There are two forms of cutting
plane lines approved for engineering drawings:
1. Evenly spaced dashes with arrowheads indicating the
direction of sight.
2. Alternating long dashes and pairs of short dashes

Modification of cutting plane lines

On drawings that have a high density of line work, the cutting plane lines
may be modified by omitting the dashes between the line ends for the
purpose of obtaining clarity.

Emphasis
In either case, the lines should be drawn to stand out clearly on the drawing.
The ends of the lines are bent at 90 degrees and terminated by arrowheads .
Section Lining
• Section lining, sometimes referred to as cross-hatching ,
is used to indicate material in the sectioned part.
• Most often, the general purpose section lining symbol
shown below is used to represent any material. The exact
type of material used to making the object is usually given
as a note somewhere else in the drawing.

45°
Other types of section lining symbols

Other used to represent a wide variety of materials are illustrated below.

Full Sections
• When the cutting plane extends through the object in a
straight line and the front half of the object is removed, a
full section is created.

half of the object is removed

Comparing Traditional Orthographic Views to Sectional
Views

In a conventional orthographic projection, the hidden

lines in the Left side view show the interior detail poorly.
Replacing the left side view with a full section view
does a better job of illustrating interior detail.
 Drawings Containing Two or More
Sections
Consider the object whose pictorial view is shown below:
Drawing the object using only orthographic views (to 3rd
angle) yields the views shown on the right:

Note the number of hidden lines

Now cut the object in two strategic locations (cut lines A-A and B-B).
The full sectional views generated are more useful and definitive.

 Full sections in place of orthographic views makes the object easier to

visualize
 Note that there are still some hidden lines remaining but very few
 Because this drawing contains two sections, section labels must be
added.