Article 22 facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts

Introduction:

When a crime is committed the police starts investigation by collecting the evidence from the crime
scene as these things helpout the police in prosecution to establish a strong evidence against the
accused. Generally, material thongs are collected. And, identification parade is carried out.

Identification parade:

a line of people who stand next to each other while someone tries to identify one of them as the person
who has committed a crime

a group of persons including one suspected of having committed a crime assembled for the purpose of
discovering whether a witness can identify the suspect.

Accused person identity must be hided from all other persons specially witness. He shall be keot in the
separate lock-up cell. His name, parent name, shape, his body structure shall be kept totally private. A
date shall be fixed for the identification parade. On the fixed date, the accused shall be brought in the
jail for suh porocedure. Atleast 9 to 10 dummies shall be in lined with the acused person. And the
accused must be allowed to stand at any number. Identification parade carried out in the presence of
magistrate. All the investigating officer shall be sent out from the place of identification parade. If the
witness does not recognize the main accused then there is a preference that benefit of doubt always
goes to accused. Identification parade shall be carried out according tot the police rules, 1932. Ip is
carried out in jail in the presence of magistrate.

Material things: It is known as the “maal-e-muqaddima" (‫ )مال مقدمہ‬refers to "material objects" or

"physical evidence" that are presented in court as evidence in a criminal case.

those things which are collected by the police from the crime scene during the investigation.

Some examples of "maal-e-muqaddima" include:

1. Weapons or instruments used in the commission of a crime

2. Stolen or recovered property

3. Documents or papers related to the case

4. Clothing or other personal items related to the crime

5. Physical evidence from the crime scene, such as bloodstains or fingerprints

6. Any other physical object that may be relevant to the investigation or trial.
These material objects are presented in court as evidence to support the prosecution's case against the
accused person.

Collection of things from the place of crime seen after the commission of crime i.e, clothes,
shoes, weapons, knife with blood, things randomly scattered.

Conclusion