FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS TOWARD

LEARNING ATHETICS PRACTICAL SESSION IN CASE OF SECOND YEAR

SPORT SCIENCE STUDENT AND COACHING ELECTIVE ATHELETICS
STUDENTS OF ARBA MINCH UNIVERSTY.

A PROPOSAL PROJECT SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF SPORT

SCIENCE IN ARBAMINCH UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
SPORT SCIENCE.

BY: SARA DEREJE

ADVISOR NAME: MR. GARI OBSI

ARBAMINCH, ETHIOPIA

APRIL, 2024

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 APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that the research proposal entitled as the factors that affect the
motivation of students toward learning athletics practical session in case of second year
sport science student and coaching elective athletics students of Arba Minch University:
submitted in partial fulfillment for the Bachelor Science Degree of undergraduate
program department of Sport Science College of Natural Science, Arba Minch University

Submitted by:

______________ ______________ ______________

Name of Student Signature Date

Approved by:

______________ ______________ ______________

Name of Advisor Signature Date

______________ ______________ ______________

Name of Examiner 1 Signature Date

______________ ______________ ____________

Name of Dep’t Head Signature Date

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 ABSTRACT
This study will conduct to assess factors that affect the motivation of students toward
learning athletics practical session. The subjects who will involve in the study are a
sample of second year sport science students and coaching elective athletics students
those found in Arba Minch University College of Natural and computational Science. The
sample will select by using purposive simple random sampling. And the total sample size
population will be 10 students. In order to get an appropriate finding, it uses purposive
over simple random sampling and self-administered questionnaire for sampled those
sport science students. The study uses descriptive method of data analysis, which means
from descriptive I will focus on the total number and percentage of 2nd year sport
science students and coaching athletics elective course.

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 ACRONYMS
 NCAA=National Intercollegiate Athletics Association

 AMU=Arba Minch University

 SDT =Self-Determination Theory

 APFF=Athletics Practice for female

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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APPROVAL SHEET.........................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................iii
ACRONYMS.....................................................................................................................iv
CHAPTER ONE................................................................................................................1
1 INTROUDUCTION..................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of Study............................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of the Problem......................................................................................2
1.3 Research Questions...............................................................................................3
1.4 Objectives of the Study.........................................................................................3
1.4.1 General Objective..........................................................................................3
1.4.2 Specific Objectives........................................................................................3
1.5 Significance of the Study......................................................................................4
CHAPTER TWO...............................................................................................................5
2 LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................5
2.1 What is the Practical of Athletics?........................................................................5
2.2 Factors affecting the practice of Athletics............................................................5
2.2.1 Peer Relationships.........................................................................................6
2.2.2 Psychological factor.......................................................................................6
2.2.3 Cultural factor................................................................................................6
2.2.4 Environmental factor.....................................................................................6
2.2.5 Psycho-social and educational.......................................................................7
CHAPTER THREE...........................................................................................................8
3 METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................8
3.1 Study Design.........................................................................................................8
3.2 Study Area.............................................................................................................8
3.3 Target Population..................................................................................................8
3.4 Sampling Techniques............................................................................................8
3.5 Sample Size Determination...................................................................................9
3.6 Method of Data Collection....................................................................................9
3.7 Method of Data Analysis......................................................................................9
3.7.1 Descriptive Analysis......................................................................................9

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CHAPTER FOUR...........................................................................................................10
4 Tentative work Plan and Budget Breakdown.......................................................10
4.1 Tentative Work Plan...........................................................................................10
4.2 Tentative Budget Breakdown..............................................................................11
REFERENCES................................................................................................................12
APPENDIX.......................................................................................................................13

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 CHAPTER ONE

1 INTROUDUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

Athletics is one of a natural sport which constitutes the most complete physical,
training and allows the human being the satisfied his basic needs. The wide spectrum
of events in the track and field program demand diverse technical skills. As a result,
to be success full one must be use of knowledge gained from her teacher, her own
abilities from books. Athletics is recited in all countries for its education value and its
role. (Rhoden, 2018)

Athletics is one of the international competitive Olympic sporting events. Ethiopia is

known by this event. Especially for middle and long distance running i.e. athletics is
the back bone of our country for face saving as well as a source of income. (P, 2016)

Athletics is one of the international competitive Olympic sporting events. Ethiopia is

known by this event. Especially for middle and long distance running i.e. athletics is
the back bone of our country for face saving as well as a source of income. (Phillips,
2017)

Athletics practical sessions play a pivotal role in the holistic development of students
pursuing sports science education. These sessions not only enhance physical skills
and performance but also cultivate a passion for sports and instill values of discipline
and teamwork. In the context of Arba Minch University's Sport Science Department,
where 2nd-year students engage in elective Athletics courses, the background of the
study illuminates the unique educational landscape and challenges faced by students
and educators in practical settings.

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 Arba Minch University stands as a renowned institution known for its commitment to
academic excellence and comprehensive sports science education. The Sport Science
Department is dedicated to providing students with a well-rounded curriculum that
combines theoretical knowledge with hands-on practical experiences in athletics.
However, amidst the academic rigor and practical demands, issues related to student
motivation in athletics practical sessions have emerged as a critical area requiring
attention and investigation.

The background of the study acknowledges that student motivation is a multifaceted

phenomenon influenced by a myriad of factors, including individual interests,
instructor efficacy, peer interactions, and learning environments. Previous research in
the field of sports science education has highlighted the significant impact of
motivation on student engagement, achievement, and overall learning outcomes.
Understanding the intricate interplay between these motivational factors and their
effects on student performance in athletics practical sessions is crucial for optimizing
the educational experience and empowering students to reach their full potential.
By delving into the background of the study, this research initiative aims to build
upon existing knowledge, fill existing gaps in literature, and contribute novel insights
that can inform instructional practices, curriculum design, and student support
systems in the Sport Science Department at Arba Minch University. Through a
comprehensive exploration of student motivation in athletics practical sessions, this
study seeks to lay the foundation for fostering a culture of enthusiasm, dedication,
and success among students pursuing sports science education at Arba Minch
University.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Students who develop the practical section of athletics are preferred simply because they
can affect the work environment positively. Thus, even though a well develop the
practical section of athletics is not necessarily an outstanding performer; there are
numerous reasons for taking steps to encourage the development of the practice of
athletics. A high level of the practical section of athletics leads to better commitment to

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their life while a low level practical section of athletics results in behaviors detrimental to
their family. Hence, practical section of athletics affects effectiveness of one on his or her
work place. The main purpose of this study is to analysis the factors that affect the
motivation of students toward learning athletics practical session to Arba Minch
university college of Natural Science department of second year sport science Students
Therefore; this study will answer the following questions:

1.3 Research Questions

1. Which factors mainly affecting the practical section of athletics?

2. How those factors are affecting practical section of athletics including work
environment?

3. What are the specific internal factors contribute to student motivation in athletics
practical sessions?

1.4 Objectives of the Study

1.4.1 General Objective

The general objective of this study is to factors that affect the motivation of students
toward learning athletics practical session of second year sport science students and
coaching elective athletics students.

1.4.2 Specific Objectives

1. To study the various factors which influencing motivation of students toward

learning athletics practical session.

2. To determine the association of Different factors and learning athletics practical

session.

3. To estimate students who can develop the practical section of athletics.

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 4. To evaluate the effect of external factors like instructional methods, coaching
styles, and facilities on student motivation and participation.
5. To analyze the role of peer interactions and social dynamics in shaping student
motivation during practical sessions.

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study will be important to students to know factors that affect the motivation of
students toward learning athletics practical session and in order to give appropriate
response to those factors. It is better to create awareness for the students about Practical
section of athletics and how Practical section of athletics is maximized. It will be
recommending constructive idea about the important of Practical section of athletics to
the students.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 What is the Practical of Athletics?

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the factors that
affect the motivation of students towards learning athletics practical sessions, specifically
focusing on 2nd-year students enrolled in the elective course of athletics at Arbaminch
University's Sport Science Department. The review aims to identify key factors that
influence student motivation in the context of athletics practical sessions and to provide a
theoretical framework for understanding and addressing these factors. (McDougall, 2019)
Motivation plays a crucial role in determining students' engagement and performance in
athletics practical sessions. (Hutchinson, 2018)

Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is a widely recognized theoretical framework that can

help explain the factors that influence student motivation. According to SDT, motivation
can be classified into three types: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and
motivation. Intrinsic motivation refers to engaging in an activity for its own sake, while
extrinsic motivation involves engaging in an activity for external rewards or outcomes
previous research has shown that students' motivation towards athletics practical sessions
can be influenced by various factors, including teacher support, peer relationships,
perceived competence, autonomy, and relatedness. (Bascomb, 2015)

2.2 Factors affecting the practice of Athletics

The gender difference in perceived sport competence has tremendous potential to

enhance women’s since of competence and control. Sport can get more opportunities to
develop physical strength and confidence to starve for excellence to accomplish a goal
through effort and training to test oneself in computation. (Tim McGarry,Paul Franks and
Lan Jones, 2019)

Many women’s who being activity programs report enhanced self-esteem and a sense of
physical competence that often carries over in to other aspects of their lives. We maintain

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our stress types gender difference large perceived difference through society process.
This participation exerts a strong influence that may elicit future gender difference.
(Samuelson, 1984)

2.2.1 Peer Relationships

Peer relationships also play a crucial role in shaping students' motivation towards
athletics practical sessions. Positive peer interactions, such as collaboration, teamwork,
and mutual support, can foster a sense of belonging and camaraderie among students,
leading to increased motivation and engagement. On the other hand, negative peer
relationships, such as competition, jealousy, and bullying, can have a detrimental effect
on students' motivation and performance.

2.2.2 Psychological factor

Physical and mental process that regulates human biological function can disrupt and
may they take the body on a journey it was never designed for one system which is porn
to disruption. In women at list the reproductive one and when that happens the first sign
is usually interference with normal menstruation studies have that proven that intense
exercise have porn that intense exercise can Delay the onset of menarche by disrupting
the hormonal patterns that control menstruation. A girl how has not reached by age 15
would be considered abnormal by most doctors. (Jonathan D.Buckley,David
W.,Rowlands, and Stewart G.Trost, 2017)

2.2.3 Cultural factor

The culture of the sport itself presents problems. Some women’s are turned off sport all
together because of they see it as a male dominated activity it just not see as a feminine or
girly to be interested in sport and formally and girls being sport is felt to be at odds with
being feminine.

2.2.4 Environmental factor

The primary environmental factor in the etiology of stress fractures is training surface.
Training surface has long been considered contribute to stress fracture development and
has been implicated in the development of various injuries in football player. Money

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early study indicated that the women are less tolerating to heat than money are
particularly when physical activity is involved, much of this difference, however, is the
result of lower fitness level of the women. Women generally, have lower sweet rate for
the same exercise and heat stress, apparently the result of lowers use a product lower
sweet. (Ronald J. Chen, 2005)

2.2.5 Psycho-social and educational

The factor which exert pressure on women throw the immediate family, community,
religion, media, peer groups, and sources of socialization to reinforce expected behavior
and teaching of gender roles sport is an exemplary activity which focus attention on the
gender influence by allowing for the comparison of innate against learned factors, sports,
traditionally is defined as a male domain. Adequate of football and awareness about the
benefit of participating in sport is often not popular among the females in school (Cheri
Mah,Elske T.van der ploegand David C.Nieman, 2011)

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 CHAPTER THREE

3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Study Design

This study will design to assess the major factors that affect factors the motivation of
students toward learning athletics practical session. This study use both qualitative and
quantitative descriptive research design.

3.2 Study Area

The study will conduct in Abaya Campus College of natural and computational science
that found in Arbamich University. It is found in 445km far from Addis Ababa which is
Capital city of the country. Arbamich University is one of the leading first generation
universities in Ethiopia with a variety of attraction nearby Lake Chamo and Lake Abaya.
(Source: Wikipedia). My study will conduct on second year sport science students that
found in Arbamich University College of natural and computational science with a
motive to contribute highly in sustainable development of the country currently, the
university consists of around 5 second year sport science students and 5 coaching
athletics elective course students.

3.3 Target Population

The target population will be second year sport science students and coaching elective
athletics that found in Arba Minch University.

3.4 Sampling Techniques

Sampling technique is a system of taking small ratio observation from large population.
This study will conduct by using the primary source of data. The data will collect from
second year sport science students and coaching elective athletics course student’s whole
applying probability sampling techniques of Purposive sampling techniques and simple
random sampling. Simple random sampling is a method of selecting items from a
population such that every possible sample of specific size has an equal chance of being

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selected. All elements in the population have the same pre-assigned non-zero probability
to be included into the sample.

3.5 Sample Size Determination

Determining sample size is an important issue in proposal since sample that is to large
may waste time, resource and money. Whereas; too small sample may lead under
estimation and in accurate results Accordingly, I will try to determine the minimum
required sample size.

n = sample size needed for the study

N = total population=10 Students.

3.6 Method of Data Collection

A method of data collection will be depending on the research type and the information
obtained. The study will be conducted by using primary data that would be collect from
Arba Mich University College of natural science second year sport science students. The
questionnaires will be distributed to all of the second year sport science students.

3.7 Method of Data Analysis

There are two methods of data analysis; those are descriptive and inferential statistics.
The data will be analyzed with reference to the purpose or objective of the study and
analyses will be done with the reference to the research problem. Therefore, in this study
I will use descriptive statistics used in data analyses by using SPSS software.

3.7.1 Descriptive Analysis

Descriptive analysis such as tables, graphs, summary measure such as number and
portion will be used to describe the sample information. That is used to describe only the
collected data. The main purpose of the descriptive analysis is to provide an overview of
information will be collect. In most cases, descriptive analysis used to examine or explore
one variable at a time.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4 Tentative work Plan and Budget Breakdown

4.1 Tentative Work Plan

Time Schedule

Each activity of this work should be carried out according to its schedule as shown in the
table
no Activities /month March April May June

1 Title selection

2 Proposal writing

3 Tentative Proposal
submission

4 Tentative Proposal
defends

5 Tentative Final proposal

submission

6 Data collection

7 Data analyzing

8 Tentative Research
submission

9 Tentative Research
defends

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4.2 Tentative Budget Breakdown

Financial distribution for each activity is shown in the following table

No Description Unit Quantity Single cost Total

cost
Birr Cent

1 Flash Number 1 350 0.00 350.00

2 Copies (hard copies) Page 70 3 0.00 105

3 Papers Packet ½ 400 0.00 400.00

4 Pens Number 2 40 0.00 80.00

5 Mobile card birr 4 25 0.00 200.00

Total 1135.00

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 REFERENCES

1. Bascomb, N. (2015). The perfect Mile:Three Athletes, one goal and less
than four minutes.

2. Cheri Mah,Elske T.van der ploegand David C.Nieman. (2011). Sleep and
Athletics Performance .

3. Hutchinson, A. (2018). Endure:Mind,and the the curiosly elastic limits of

human performance.

4. Jonathan D.Buckley,David W.,Rowlands, and Stewart G.Trost. (2017).

Factors afecting Sports Performance.

5. McDougall, C. (2019). Born to Run:A Hidden to Tribe ,superathlets and

Greatest race the world has never seen. Indian.

6. Phillips, B. (2017). The Complete book of athletics.

7. Rhoden, W. (2018). The life of an American legend.

8. Ronald J. Chen, I. J. (2005). Determinant of Athletics Performance:. A

Meta Analysis.

9. Samuelson, J. B. (1984). Sport and advocates for women Athletics practice.

America.

10. im McGarry,Paul Franks and Lan Jones. (2019). Routledge Handbooks of

Sports Performance analysis.

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 APPENDIX

AQUSTIONNARIE: -This questionnaire is developed for the study on the title

factors that affect the motivation of students toward learning athletics practical
session in case of second year sport science student and coaching elective
athletics students in Arba Minch University College of natural and computational
science.

INSTRUCTION: _Please read the following question carefully and tick () in the
box and / or fill the blank space, that reflects your opinion and feeling toward the
question. For some questions, more than one answer is/are possible.

First, I would thank my respondents to replay this question!

1. PART ONE

Personal backgrounds

1. sex: - male  female 

2. Age: - less than 30  30_40  above 40 

3. What is your sport of specialization?

Tennis  Athletics  swimming Football  Others 

4. How many hours do you train per week?

Less than 5 hours  5-10 hours  11-15 hours  16-20 hours 

16-20 hours

5. Do you participate in any other extracurricular activities?

Yes  No 

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6. What do you consider the most important factor for athletic performance?

Physical conditioning  Skill level  mental strength  Proper nutrition



Rest and recovery  Team dynamics 

7. How often do you experience fatigue during training or competition?

Rarely or never sometimes often  always

2. PART TWO

8. Do you feel pressure to perform well in your sport? Yes  No 

9. What are the main sources of pressure in your athletic career?

Coaches  Parents Teammates  School  Personal expectations 

Media 

10. Have you ever experienced athletics injury? Yes  No 

11. Do you feel supported by your coach Yes  No 

12. What motivates you to excel in your athletics practice?

__________________________________________________________

13. What role does stress play in your athletic performance?

Positively motivates me  negatively affects me  No significant impact 

I don't experience stress 

14. How often do you prioritize your academics over your athletic commitments?

Always  Usually  Sometimes  Rarely  Never 

15. Do you find it challenging to maintain a healthy diet while being an athlete?

Yes No

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16. How satisfied are you with your overall athletic performance?

Very satisfied  satisfied  Neutral  Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied



Thank you !!

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