19ème Colloque International

Optique Hertzienne et Diélectriques [OHD]

5 au 8 Sept., 2007 • Valence, France

Compact Quasi-Isotropic Antenna

E. S. Pires¹, G. Fontgalland¹, M. A. B. de Melo¹, R. M. Valle¹,

G. F. Aragão¹, T.-P. Vuong²

¹UFCG/LEMA, Campina Grande-PB, Brazil

²ESISAR/LCIS, INPG, Valence, France

OHD 2007, Sept. 5 -8

LEMA
 OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

ANTENNA BUILDING

FAR-FIELD EQUATIONS

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

OHD 2007, Sept. 5 -8

1 LEMA
 INTRODUCTION

• Should an isotropic antenna be used as a

convenient theoretical reference source only?

OHD 2007, Sept. 5 -8

2 LEMA
 INTRODUCTION

• Should an isotropic antenna be used as a

convenient theoretical reference source only?

OHD 2007, Sept. 5 -8

2 LEMA
 INTRODUCTION

Real model:
Discontinuous field lines
One RF source.

axis orientation

RF linear source

OHD 2007, Sept. 5 -8

3 LEMA
 INTRODUCTION

Options:
To use two perpendicular
sources.
Vertical linear polarization

Horizontal linear polarization

axis orientation

4 LEMA
 INTRODUCTION

Options:
To use two perpendicular
sources.

Isotropic Radiator 2D

Total field

axis orientation

5 LEMA
 INTRODUCTION

Options:
To use three perpendicular
sources.

Isotropic Radiator 3D

Total field

axis orientation

5 LEMA
 INTRODUCTION
• It can be built in the practice.
•[G.H. Brown, The “Turnstile” Antenna, Electronics 9, 15 (April, 1936)].

OHD 2007, Sept. 5 -8

6 LEMA
 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

• Half – wavelength Dipole.

Current
distribution

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7 LEMA
 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
• Electric and magnetic field components in the far-field.

• Radiation pattern of the half – wavelength dipole.

dipole

Horizontal plane vertical plane

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8 LEMA
 THE STARTING POINT FOR THE ANTENNA DESIGN

The antenna was developed from an half-wave dipole.

The antenna proposed model.

half – wavelength dipole Hook dipole

OHD 2007, Sept. 5 -8

9 LEMA
 THE HOOK DIPOLE ANTENNA
Prototype and Physical parameters.

Dimensions and geometry of the arms.

Dimensions: Prototype of the hook dipole.

Experimental frequency: 2.45 GHz
r= 7 mm
L= 5 mm

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10 LEMA
 ANTENNA MODELING

Distributing sources for field determination in the FFR.

Current
distribution

Approximated hook dipole.

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11 LEMA
 ANTENNA MODELING
Identification of each linear element in the formulation.

Approximated hook dipole into five linear elements.

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12 LEMA
 DEDUCED EQUATIONS FOR THE E-FAR FIELD

• Electric field components in the far-field: arms 1 and 2.

I 0e− jkr   λ  λ
Eθ1 = jη − j cos θsen k 4  + cos k 4  +
2πrsenθ     
7λ
− jk cos θ   λ 7λ   λ 7λ 
+e 100
 j cos θsen k − k  − cos k − k 
  4 100   4 100 

I 0e − jk (r −( 7 λ /100) cosθ )  1   9λ 
Eφ ≅ − jη cosφ  − jsinθsinφsin k 50  +
2
4πr ( sin 2
θsin 2
)
φ +1   
13λ
 9λ  − jk 100 sinθsinφ   λ   λ  
+ cos k + e  jsinθsinφsin k  − cos k  
 50    20   20  

OHD 2007, Sept. 5 -8

13 LEMA
 DEDUCED EQUATIONS FOR THE E-FAR FIELD

• Electric field components in the far-field: arms 3 and 4.

I 0 e − jk (r −(13λ / 100 )senθsenφ )

7λ
 − jk 100 cos θ
Eθ3 = jη e
4πrsenθ 
λ
  λ   λ  − jk cos θ 
 − j cosθsen − k  + cos − k  − e 50

  20   20   

I 0 e − jk (r −(13λ / 100 )senθcodφ )

7λ
 − jk 100 cos θ
Eθ 4 = jη e
4πrsenθ 
λ
  λ   λ   − jk 50 cosθ 
 − j cosθsen − k  + cos − k  − e 
  20   20  

OHD 2007, Sept. 5 -8

14 LEMA
 DEDUCED EQUATIONS FOR THE E-FAR FIELD

• Electric field components in the far-field: arm 5.

I 0 e − jk (r −( 7 λ / 100 ) cos θ )
Eφ5 ≅ − jη cosφ
4πr
 1   9λ 
− jsenθ cos φsen  k +

(
 sen θ cos φ + 1 
2 2
) 
 50 
13 λ
 9λ  − jk senθ cos φ 
+ cos k + e 100

 50  

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15 LEMA
 RESULTS
Measured, simulated and approximated polar pattern results.

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16 LEMA
 RESULTS
Measured, simulated and approximated polar pattern results.

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17 LEMA
 RESULTS
Measured, simulated and approximated polar pattern results.

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18 LEMA
 RESULTS
Simulated and measured results of the reflection coefficient (S11).

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19 LEMA
 CONCLUSION

THE ANTENNA:
• Easy to build;
• Can be used in wireless system and
network sensors;
• The same electrics properties of
linear antennas.
THE RESULTS:
• Good agreement with the theoretical
isotropic radiator pattern;
• Measured and simulated results are
very closed;
• The matching network may be
performed.

OHD 2007, Sept. 5 -8

20 LEMA
 END

OHD 2007, Sept. 5 -8

LEMA
 Impedance Matching Network

73 Ω

50 Ω

View of the coaxial broadband balun tapered.

OHD 2007, Sept. 5 -8

LEMA