‡Kvl wefvRb  Practice Content 1

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‡Kvl wefvRb
02
Cell Division

Topicwise CQ Trend Analysis

UwcK 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2022 2023 ‡gvU
gvB‡Uvwmm I wg‡qvwmm †Kvl wefvRb 5 6 - 6 9 9 7 42
gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡bi ¸iæZ¡ 1 1 - 1 6 1 9 19
Rxe‡`‡n wg‡qvwm‡mi ¸iæZ¡ - - - 3 6 7 4 20
Rxe‡bi avivevnKZv iÿvq wg‡qvwmm †Kv‡l wefvR‡bi Ae`vb - - - 3 2 1 2 8

we.`ª : 2020 mv‡j GBPGmwm cixÿv AbywôZ nqwb|

Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi Aa©vs‡k cwiYZ nq| †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi Giƒc cÖwZwU Aa©vsk‡K
1. KvqvRgv/KvqvRgvUv Kx? †µvgvwUW e‡j|
DËit- wgIwmm †Kvl wefvR‡bi †cÖv‡dR-1 `kvq evBf¨v‡j›U 12. †gUvKvB‡bwmm Kx?
†µv‡gv‡mv‡gi `ywU bb-wm÷vi †µvgvwUW wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Bs‡iwR DËit- gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡bi †gUv‡dR `kvq †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi
X A¶‡ii b¨vq hy³ _v‡K| bb wm÷vi ‡µvgvwU‡Wi wbw`©ó welyexq A‡j mw¾Z nIqv‡K †gUvKvB‡bwmm e‡j|
¯’vb¸‡jv ms‡hvM¯’vb¸‡jv‡K KvqvRgvUv e‡j| 13. mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm Kx?
2. wmb¨vcwmm Kx? DËit- †Kvl wefvR‡bi mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi wefvRb‡K mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm
DËit- wgIwmm-1 †Kvl wefvR‡bi †Kv‡l †cÖv‡dR-1 `kvi RvB‡MvwUb e‡j|
Dc`kvq †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †Rvoe× nIqvi cÖwµqv‡K wmb¨vcwmm 14. ‡Kvl wefvRb Kx?
e‡j| DËit- †h c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv gvZ„‡Kvl Abyiƒc ¸Y I ˆewkó¨ m¤úbœ `yB
3. †KvlPµ Kx? ev Z‡ZvwaK AcZ¨‡Kvl m„wó K‡i Zv‡K †Kvl wefvRb e‡j|
DËit- gvZ„‡Kvl m„wó nIqv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †Kvl wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g 15. AcZ¨ †Kvl Kx?
cybivq `ywU AcZ¨ †Kvl m„wó nIqv ch©šÍ †Kv‡li g‡a¨ †hme DËit- gvZ„‡Kvl wefvwRZ n‡q `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †Kvl m„wó nq Zv‡K
NUbv I cwieZ©b N‡U Zv‡`i mgwó‡K †KvlPµ e‡j| †Kvl wefvRb e‡j|
4. B›Uvi‡dR Kv‡K e‡j? 16. A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm Kx?
DËit- †KvlP‡µi †h `kvq †Kvl Zvi Rxe‡bi AwaKvsk mgq (90- DËit- †h wefvRb cÖwµqvq †Kv‡li mvB‡UvcøvRgmn wbDwK¬qvmwU
95%) AwZevwnZ K‡i Zv‡K B›Uvi‡dR e‡j| †Kv‡bv RwUj gva¨wgK ch©vq Qvov mivmwi wef³ n‡q `ywU
5. K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm Kx? AcZ¨ †Kvl m„wó nq Zv‡K A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb e‡j|
DËit- †Kvl wefvR‡bi wbDwK¬qv‡mi wefvRb‡K K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm 17. gvB‡Uvwmm Kx?
e‡j| DËit- †h †Kvl wefvRb cÖwµqvq GKwU gvZ„‡Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvm
6. evBf¨v‡j›U Kx? KZ¸‡jv my¯úó avivevwnK RwUj cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g wef³ n‡q
DËit- wgIwmm-1 †Kvl wefvR‡bi †cÖv‡dR-1 `kvi c¨vKvBwUb GKB ˆewkó¨ m¤úbœ I mgmsL¨K †µv‡gv‡mvg wewkó `ywU AcZ¨
Dc`kvq we`¨gvb cÖwZ †Rvov †nv‡gv‡jvMvm †µv‡gv‡Rvg‡K ‡Kvl m„wó nq Zv‡K gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb e‡j|
evBf¨v‡j›U e‡j| 18. B‡Kv‡qkbvj wefvRb Kx?
7. †gUv‡dR †cøU Kx? DËit- gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡b m„ó AcZ¨‡Kv‡li †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi
DËit- gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡bi †gUv‡dR ch©v‡q welyexq Z‡j msL¨v gvZ„‡Kv‡li mgvb _v‡K| ZvB G‡K B‡Kv‡qkbvj wefvRb
†µv‡gv‡mvg¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb GKwU cvZ ev †cø‡Ui g‡Zv †`Lvq| e‡j|
G‡K †gUv‡dR †cøU e‡j| 19. Uª¨vKkb dvBevi Kx?
8. b¨v‡µvwmm Kx? DËit- †Kvl wefvR‡bi mgq m„ó w¯úÛj h‡š¿i †h Zš‘¸‡jv
DËit- b¨v‡µvwmm n‡jv Awba©vwiZ †Kvl g„Z¨ (Unprogrammed †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi †m‡›Uªvwgqv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K AvKl©Y Zš‘
ev Uª¨vKkb dvBevi ev †µv‡gv‡Rvgxq Zš‘ e‡j|
cell death) hv `yN©UbvekZt AcwiKwíZ Dcv‡q N‡U _v‡K|
20. gy³ cÖvY‡K›`ªxq wefvRb Kx?
9. A¨v‡cvc‡Uvwmm Kx?
DËit- †Kvl wefvR‡bi mgq mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm bv n‡j Ges
DËit- †Kv‡li †R‡bwUKfv‡e wbqwš¿Z g„Zy¨‡K A¨v‡cvc†Uvwmm e‡j|
K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm Pj‡Z _vK‡j Zv‡K gy³ cÖvY‡K›`ªxq ev gy³
10. µwms Ifvi Kx?
wbDwK¬qvi wefvRb e‡j|
DËit- wgIwmm †Kvl wefvR‡bi mgq †h c×wZ‡Z †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi GKwU
21. wg‡qvwmm Kx?
Ask KwZcq wRbmn Zvi †nv‡gv‡jvMvm †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi Abyiƒc
DËit- †h †Kvl wefvRb cÖwµqvq gvZ„‡Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvmwU `yevi Ges
As‡ki mv‡_ ¯’vb wewbgq K‡i Zv‡K µwmsIfvi e‡j| †µv‡gv‡Rvg GKevi wefvwRZ n‡q GKwU gvZ„‡Kvl n‡Z PviwU
11. †µvgvwUW Kx? AcZ¨ ‡Kvl m„wó nq Ges AcZ¨ †Kv‡l †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi msL¨
DËit- gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡bi †cÖv‡dR `kvq cÖwZwU †µv‡gv‡mvg
gvZ„‡Kv‡li A‡a©K nq, Zv‡K wg‡qvwmm e‡j|
†m‡›Uªvwgqvi e¨wZZ j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e wØ-wef³n‡q `ywU Abyiƒc
‡Kvl wefvRb  Practice Content
22. nªvmg~jK wefvRb Kx?
DËit- wg‡qvwmm †Kvb wefvR‡b AcZ¨ †Kv‡li †µv‡gv‡Rvg msL¨
gvZ…‡Kv‡li A‡a©K nq| ZvB G‡K nªvmg~jK wefvRb e‡j|
23. M¨vwg‡Uv‡RwbK wg‡qvwmm Kx?
DËit- mKj DbœZ cÖvYx I wKQy Dw™¢‡` M¨vwgU m„wói mgq wWcø‡qW
Rbb gvZ„‡Kv‡l wg‡qvwmm N‡U, Giƒc wg‡qvwmm‡K
M¨vwg‡Uv‡RwbK wg‡qvwmm e‡j|
24. mgms¯’ †µv‡gv‡Rvg/ †nv‡gv‡jvMvm Kx?
DËit- GKB AvK…wZ GKB wR‡bi m¾vixwZm¤úbœ `ywU †µv‡gv‡Rvg
hv‡`i GKwU wcZv I Ab¨wU gvZv n‡Z AvMZ Zv‡`i mgms¯’
†µv‡gv‡Rvg ev †nv‡gv‡jvMvm e‡j|
25. †UUªvW Kx?
DËit- evBf¨v‡j‡›Ui cÖwZwU †µv‡gv‡Rvg †m‡›Uªvwgqvi Qvov
j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e wef³ n‡q `ywU K‡i ‡µvgvwUW MVb K‡i| d‡j
cÖwZwU evBf¨v‡j‡›U PviwU †µvgvwUW †`Lv hvq| G‡K †UUªvW
e‡j|
26. wm÷vi †µvgvwUW Kx?
DËit- GKB †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi †µvgvwUW `ywU‡K wm÷vi †µvgvwUW e‡j|
27. bb- wm÷vi †µvgvwUW Kx?
DËit- GKB †Rvovi `ywU wfbœ †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi †µv‡gvwUW `ywU‡K bb-
wm÷vi †µvgvwUW e‡j|
28. B›UviKvB‡bwmm Kx?
DËit- wg‡qvwmm cÖwµqvq wbDwK¬qv‡mi cÖ_g I wØZxq wefw³i ga¨eZ©x
ev AšÍeZ©xKvjxb mgq‡K B›UviKvB‡bwmm e‡j|
29. wecvKxq wbDwK¬qvm Kx?
DËit- B›Uvi‡dR `kvq wecvKxq Kvh©vewj Ges DNA ms‡kølY KvR
msNwUZ nq| ZvB GB `kvq wbDwK¬qvm‡K wecvKxq wbDwK¬qvm
e‡j|
30. MwZ ch©vq Kx?
DËit- ‡Kvl wefvR‡bi A¨vbv‡dR `kvq †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi †giægyLx
Pj‡bi Kvi‡Y G `kv‡K MwZ ch©vq e‡j|
31. gvB‡UvwUK Bb‡W· Kx?
DËit- †Kv‡bv wUmy¨i †gvU †Kvl msL¨v Ges gvB‡UvwmmiZ ‡Kvl msL¨vi
AbycvZ n‡jv gvB‡UvwUK Bb‡W·|
32. Awbqwš¿Z †Kvl wefvRb Kx?
DËit- †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y A¯^vfvweKfv‡e hw` †Kvl wefvRb Pj‡Z _v‡K
hvi d‡j wUDgvi m„wó nq Zv‡K Awbqwš¿Z †Kvl wefvRb e‡j|
33. A¨vbv‡dR Pjb Kx?
DËit- †Kvl wefvR‡bi A¨vbv‡dR ch©v‡q AcZ¨ †µv‡gv‡Rvg¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ weKl©‡bi d‡j A‡a©K AcZ¨ †µv‡gv‡Rvg †giæi GKw`‡K
Ges evwK A‡a©K †giæi Ab¨w`‡K m‡i †h‡Z _v‡K| G ai‡bi
Pjv‡K A¨vbv‡dR Pjb e‡j|
Abyavebg~jK cÖ‡kœi DËi
1. Rx‡ei Rb¨ †Kvl wefvRb cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?
DËit- †Kvl wefvR‡bi gva¨‡gB Rx‡ei ˆ`wnK I eske„w× N‡U, ZvB
Rxe‡`‡n †Kvl wefvRb GKwU †gŠwjK AZ¨vek¨Kxq cÖwµqv|
†h cÖwµqvq Rxe‡Kvl wefw³i gva¨‡g GKwU †_‡K `ywU ev PviwU
†Kv‡li m„wó nq Zv‡K †Kvl wefvRb e‡j| GK‡Kvlx Rxemg~n
†hgb: e¨vK‡Uwiqv, B÷ cÖf„wZ evi evi wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g
GKwU we‡kl †Kvl †_‡K AmsL¨ GK‡Kvlx Rx‡e cwiYZ nq|
GK‡Kvlx wbwl³ wW¤^K n‡Z †Kvl wefvRb cÖwµqvq GK mgq
†KvwU †KvwU †Kv‡li mgš^‡q GKwU cwiYZ gvby‡li m„wó nq|
2. A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm‡K cÖZ¨ÿ †Kvl wefvRb ejv nq †Kb?
DËit- A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb cÖwµqvq GKwU gvZ„‡Kv‡li
wbDwK¬qvm I mvB‡UvcøvRg †Kv‡bv RwUj gva¨wgK ch©vq QvovB
mivmwi wef³ n‡q `ywU AcZ¨ †Kv‡li m„wó K‡i ZvB G‡K
cÖZ¨ÿ †Kvl wefvRb I ejv nq|
wbDwK¬qvmwU cÖ_‡g j¤^v n‡q, gv‡S fvM n‡q `ywU wbDwK¬qv‡m
cwiYZ nq| c‡i †KvlwUi ga¨fv‡M GKwU PµvKv‡i M‡Z©i
†fZ‡ii w`‡K Xy‡K wM‡q `y'fv‡M fvM n‡q hvq d‡j GKwU †Kvl
`ywU AcZ¨ †Kv‡l cwiYZ nq|
3. A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm cÖwµqvi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki|
2
DËit- †h †Kvl wefvRb cÖwµqvq GKwU gvZ„‡Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvm I
mvB‡UvcøvRg †Kv‡bv RwUj gva¨wgK ch©vq QvovB mivmwi wef³
n‡q `ywU AcZ¨†Kv‡li m„wó K‡i Zv‡K A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl
wefvRb e‡j|
Gi Zvrch© n‡jv, A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm cÖwµqv †_‡KB RwUj I DbœZ
†Kvl wefvRb c×wZi DrcwË n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv GK‡Kvlx
Rx‡ei msL¨ve„w×i †¶‡Î G cÖwµqvwU AZ¨šÍ djcÖmy Ges
GKgvÎ Dcvq|
4. mgxKiwYK †Kvl wefvRb ej‡Z Kx eyS?
DËit- gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb‡K mgxKiwYK †Kvl wefvRb e‡j|
cÖK…Z‡Kvlx Rxe‡`n MV‡bi †Kvl wefvRb n‡jv gvB‡Uvwmm|
gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡b GKwU cÖK…Z †Kv‡li cÖwZwU
†µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi GKwU K‡i †µvgvwUW `y'w`‡K `y'‡giæ‡Z m‡i
wM‡q `ywU AcZ¨ wbDwK¬qv‡mi m„wó nq| Gi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b
Dw™¢`‡Kv‡li †KvlcÖvPxi m„wói gva¨‡g Ges cÖvYx‡Kv‡l
cøvRgv‡gg‡eªb †fZ‡ii w`‡K Xy‡K wM‡q mvB‡UvcøvRg `y'fv‡M
fvM n‡q hvq Ges `ywU AcZ¨ †Kvl m„wó nq|
5. gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb ¸iæZ¡ Kx?
DËit- Rxe‡`‡n gvB‡Uvwm‡mi ¸iæZ¡ Acixmxg|
eû‡Kvlx Rx‡e RvB‡MvU bvgK GKwU gvÎ †Kv‡li gvB‡Uvwmm
wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g eû‡Kvlx †`n MwVZ nq Ges Gi ˆ`wnK e„w×
N‡U| KZK GK‡Kvlx my‡Kw›`ªK Rxe gvB‡Uvwmm cÖwµqvq
eske„w× N‡U| GQvov †Kv‡li wbw`©ó AvKvi-AvqZb i¶v,
wbDwK¬qvm I mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi fvimvg¨ i¶v, †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi-
mgZv i¶v, ÿZ¯’vb c~iY, µgvMZ ¶qc~iY, cyYiærcv`b
¸YMZ ˆewk‡ó¨i w¯’wZkxjZv i¶vi Rb¨I gvB‡Uvwmm ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
6. Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwm‡mi djvdj Kx?
DËit- Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwm‡mi d‡j K¨vÝvi I wUDgvi m„wó nq|
†Kv‡li Af¨šÍixb I evwn¨K wewfbœ d¨v±i Øviv gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl
wefvRb wbqwš¿Z nq| †Kv‡bv Kvi‡b GB wbqš¿b AKvh©Ki n‡j
Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwmm N‡U _v‡K| p53 bvgK †cÖvwUb †Kvl‡K
wefvRb n‡Z weiZ iv‡L| GwU Defective n‡j †Kvl Pµ
nvwi‡q ‡d‡j, d‡j K¨vÝvi m„wó nq| K¨vÝvi †Kvl Zv‡`i †MÖv_
d¨v±iI wb‡Riv ˆZwi K‡i †bq| wUDgvi m„wó nIqv‡K e‡j
Oncogenesis| †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k wUDgvi Qwo‡q cov‡K
Metastasis e‡j|
7. gvB‡Uvwmm Kxfv‡e cÖRb‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i?
DËit- gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb cÖRb‡bI mvnvh¨ K‡i|
gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡bi d‡jB eû‡Kvlx Rx‡ei Rbbv½ m„wó
nq, d‡j eske„w×i µgaviv eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡i| Rbb †Kv‡li
msL¨v e„wׇZI gvB‡Uvwmm cÖwµqv Avek¨K| GQvov GK †Kvlx
my‡Kw›`ªK Rx‡e gvB‡Uvwmm cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g esk e„w× nq|
8. †Kvl Pµ ej‡Z Kx eyS?
DËit- GKwU †Kvl m„wó, e„w× Ges cieZ©x wefvRb- G wZbwU KvR †h
P‡µi gva¨‡g m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K ejv nq †Kvl Pµ| G PµwU evi
evi Pj‡ZB _v‡K| nvIqvW© I †cé G P‡µi cÖ¯Íve K‡ib|
†Kvl Pµ `ywU cÖavb av‡c wef³ M Phase hv g~jZ †Kv‡li
wefvRbiZ Ae¯’v Ges B›Uvi‡dR hv `ywU M Phase Gi
ga¨eZ©x AwefvRb Ae¯’v| M Phase ch©vqµwgKfv‡e ci ci
G‡m ‡Kvl Pµ m¤úbœ n‡e|
9. RxeRM‡Z †KvlPµ ¸iæZ¡c~b© †Kb?
DËit- RxeRM‡Z †KvlP‡µi ¸iæZ¡ Acixmxg|
‡KvlPµ bv _vK‡j GK‡Kvlx ev eû‡Kvlx †Kv‡bv Rx‡eiB
eske„w× n‡e bv| B›Uvi‡d‡Ri cÖ¯‘wZi Kvi‡bB gvB‡Uvwmm nq|
Avi gvB‡Uvwmm eû‡Kvlx Rx‡ei e„w× I weKvk NUvq| cÖwZwU
Rx‡e ¯^vfvweK †Kvl Pµ H Rx‡ei ¯^vfvweK e„w× m¤úbœ K‡i|
Awbqwš¿Z †Kvl Pµ Rxe‡`‡ni ¯^vfvweK e„w× I weKv‡k evav
†`q GgbwK K¨vÝvi †ivM m„wó K‡i _v‡K|
10. B›Uvi†d‡Ri Zvrch© Kx?
DËit- †Kv‡li B›Uvi‡dR ch©vq Rxe Rxe‡b AwZ¸iæZ¡cY~ ©| `ywU Gg
†d‡Ri ga¨eZ©x AwefvRb Ae¯’vB B›Uvi‡dR| GwU †KvlwU
cieZ©x wefvR‡b AskMÖnY Ki‡e wKbv Zv wba©viY K‡i| GLv‡b
‡Kvl wefvRb  Practice Content 3
cieZ©x wefvR‡bi Rb¨ †cÖvwUb, RNA I DNA †iwcø‡Kk‡bi 4. eskMZxq e¯‘ wnmv‡e 4. eskMZxq e¯‘ wnmv‡e
mKj Dcv`vb ˆZix nq I DNA †iwcø‡K‡UW nq, †µvgvwUb _v‡K| †µv‡gv‡mvg _v‡K|
gvB‡µvwUDweDjm ˆZix nq †Kvl wefvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³
ˆZix nq| B›Uvi‡dR ch©vq bv _vK‡j wefvRb ch©vq m¤úbœ n‡e 16. K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm ej‡Z Kx eyS?
bv A_©vr bZyb RxeB m„wó n‡e bv| DËit- gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb gvZ„‡Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvm †_‡K `ywU
11. †KvlP‡µ ms‡kølb `kv ej‡Z Kx eyS? AcZ¨ wbDwK¬qvm m„wó nIqv‡K K¨vwiI KvB‡bvwmm e‡j|
DËit- †Kvl P‡µi ms‡kølb `kv n‡jv B›Uvi‡d‡Ri GKwU Dcch©vq hv G cÖwµqvq DNA Nbxf~Z n‡q hvq Ges †µv‡gv‡mvgxi e¯‘
G1 `kv I G2 `kvi ga¨eZ©x Ae¯’vb K‡i| mgvb `y fv‡M wef³ nq| G mgq wbDwK¬qv‡mi Lye `ªæZ
ms‡kølY `kvi Av‡iK bvg Synthesis ev S `kv, GB Dc cwieZ©b N‡U e‡j Gi mwVK e¨vL¨v Kiv KwVb|
ch©v‡qi cÖavb KvR n‡jv wbDwK¬qv‡m †µv‡gv‡mv‡gv¯’ DNA K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm 5 wU cÖavb `kvq wef³| h_v- (1) †cÖv‡dR
m~‡Îi †iwcø‡Kkb| cieZ©x Dcch©v‡q cÖ‡e‡ki Av‡MB DNA (2) †cÖv-‡gUv‡dR (3) †gUv‡dR (4) A¨vbv‡dR I 5)
†iwcø‡Kkb m¤úbœ nq| GB Dc-ch©v‡q mgq e¨q nq ‡gvU †U‡jv‡dR|
mg‡qi 30-50 fvM| 17. mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm Kx?
12. †Kvl P‡µi wbqš¿K ej‡Z Kx eyS? DËit- †Kvl wefvR‡b wbDwK¬qvmmn mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi wefvRb‡K
DËit- †Kvl P‡µi wbqš¿K n‡jv mvBwK¬b †cÖvwUb Ges cdk. mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm e‡j|
gvby‡li †Kv‡l Pvi cÖKvi mvBwK¬b _v‡K| ‡U‡jv‡dR `kvi †k‡li w`‡K mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm ïiæ nq|
mvBwK¬b-D: †Kvl‡K G1 †_‡K S Ges S ch©vq †_‡K G2 Dw™¢`‡Kv‡l welyexq A‡j GKwU †Kvl‡cøU MV‡bi gva¨‡g
ch©v‡q wb‡q hvq| mvBwK¬b-E:S ch©v‡q DNA †iwcø‡Kk‡bi mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm nq| G‡Z G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjv‡gi ¶y`ªvsk
d«vM‡gveøv÷ I ¶y`ª †fwmKj `vbv mwÂZ nq| cÖvbx‡Kv‡l
Rb¨ †Kvl‡K cÖ¯‘Z K‡i| mvBwK¬b- A : S ch©v‡q DNA
welyexq A‡j jvB‡mv‡mvg m`„k d«vM‡gv‡mvg mwÂZ n‡q
†iwcø‡Kkb mwµq I Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i| mvBwK¬b-B gvB‡UvwUK cøvRgv‡jgv ev †KvlwSwjø MVb Kivi gva¨‡g mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm
w¯úÛj ˆZwi mn gvB‡Uvwm‡mi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mewKQy m¤úbœ m¤úbœ nq|
K‡i| 18. K¨vwiIKvB‡bvwmm Ges mvB‡UvKvB‡bwm‡mi g‡a¨ Zyjbv Ki|
13. †Kvl Pµ wg‡qvwm‡m †Kb N‡U bv? DËit- K¨vwiIKvB‡bvwmm Ges mvB‡UvKvB‡bwm‡mi g‡a¨ Zyjbv wb¤œiæc
DËit- †Kvl Pµ mvavibZ gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡b N‡U wgIwm‡m
K¨vwiIKvB‡bvwmm mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm
N‡U bv|
Kvib †KvlP‡µi wZbwU Dcch©v‡qi g‡a¨ S `kv ev ms‡kølY 1. GwU †KvlP‡µi 1. GwU †KvlP‡µi
Dcch©v‡q DNA †iwcø‡Kkb nq, †cÖvwUb ms‡kølb nq hv gvB‡UvwUK `kvi cÖ_g avc| gvB‡UvwUK `kvi wØZxq avc|
gvB‡Uvwmm NUvi Rb¨ `iKvi wKš‘ wg†qvwmm NUvi Rb¨ `iKvi
nq bv| G Rb¨ †Kvl Pµ cÖwµqvwU gv‡qvwm‡m N‡U bv| 2. G‡¶‡Î †Kv‡li gvZ… 2. G‡¶‡Î †Kv‡li
14. A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm I gvB‡Uvwm‡mi g‡a¨ Zyjbvg~jK cv_©K¨ Ki| wbDwK¬qvm wefvwRZ n‡q mvB‡UvcøvRg wefvwRZ n‡q
DËit- A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm I gvB‡Uvwm‡mi g‡a¨ Zyjbvg~jK cv_©K¨ wb¤œiæc: `ywU
cv_©‡K¨i welq A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm gvB‡Uvwmm `ywU AcZ¨ †Kvl m„wó nq|
1. `kv ev ch©vq GwU mij GwU Zyjbvg~jK AcZ¨ †Kvl m„wó nq|
cÖK…wZi| †Kvbv RwUj I wewfbœ
3. GwU RwUj I `xN© cÖwµqv 3. GwU mij I msw¶ß
`kv ev ch©vq `kv Av‡Q|
†bB| cÖwµqv
2. wbDwK¬qv‡mi G wefvR‡b G wefvR‡b 19. †gUv‡dR Gi PviwU ˆewkó¨ †jL?
wefvRb wbDwK¬qvm mivmwi wbDwK¬qvm wewfbœ DËit- †gUv‡d‡Ri PviwU ˆewkó¨ wb¤œiæc|
wefvwRZ nq `kvq wefvwRZ 1. cÖ_‡g mg¯Í †µv‡gv‡mvg w¯úÛj h‡š¿i welyexq A‡j G‡m
nq| Ae¯’vb K‡i, GB web¨¯Í nIqv‡K †gUvKvB‡bwmm I e‡j|
3. wefvRb wbDwK¬qvm I cÖ_‡g wbDwK¬qvm I 2. G ch©v‡q †µvgvwUW ¸‡jv me‡P‡q Lv‡Uv, †gvUv I ¯úó †`Lv
cÖwµqv mvB‡UvcøvRg cÖvq c‡i hvq| Lv‡Uv I †gvUv nIqv‡K Kb‡Wb‡mkb e‡j|
GK‡Î wefvwRZ mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi 3. G ch©v‡q †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi msL¨v I AvKvi AvK…wZ wbY©qKiv
nq| wefvRb nq| hvq|
4. wefvR‡bi G‡K cÖZ¨¶ G‡K c‡iv¶ 4. cÖwZwU †m‡›Uªvwgqvi m¤ú~Y© wef³ n‡q `ywU AcZ¨ †m‡›Uªvwgqvi
cÖK…wZ| wefvRb e‡j wefvRb e‡j| m„wó K‡i|
20. †gUvKvB‡bwmm ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
15. B›Uvi†dR I M phase Gi Zyjbvg~jK cv_©K¨ Ki: DËit- †Kvl wefvR‡bi †gUv‡dR `kvq w¯úÛj h‡š¿i welyexq A‡j
DËit- B›Uvi‡dR I M phase Gi Zyjbvg~jK cv_©K¨ wb¤œiƒct †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi web¨¯Í nIqv‡K †gUvKvB‡bwmm e‡j|
B›Uvi†dR M phase ‡gUv‡dR ch©v‡qi cÖ_‡gB mg¯Í †µv‡gv‡mvg w¯úÛj h‡š¿i
welyexq A‡j G‡m Ae¯’vb K‡i| w¯úÛj h‡š¿i `y'‡giæ‡Z
1. GwU †Kvl wefvR‡bi 1. GwU †Kv‡li cÖK…Z wefvRb ga¨eZ©x ¯’vb‡K welyexq ev wbi¶xq AÂj e‡j|
cÖ¯‘wZ `kv `kv †gUvKvB‡bwm‡mi mgqB †µvgvwUW ¸‡jv me‡P‡q †ewk ‡gvUv,
Lv‡Uv I ¯úó †`Lv hvq|
2. †KvlP‡µi 90-95% 2. †Kvl P‡µi 5-10% mgq 21. A¨vbv‡dR‡K MwZ ch©vq †Kb ejv nq?
cÖvq GLv‡b e¨q nq GLv‡b e¨q nq| DËit- ‡h †Kvl wefvRb cÖwµqvq gvZ„‡Kvl †_‡K PviwU AcZ¨ †Kvl
m„wó nq Ges bZyb m„ó †Kv‡li †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨v gvZ„‡Kv‡li
3. G `kvq ‡Kvlxq 3. G `kvq ‡Kvlxq msMV‡bi '‡µv‡gv‡mvg 'msL¨vi A‡a©K n‡q hvq ZvB gv‡qvwmm| cÖRvwZi
msMV‡bi e„w× Ges we¯Ívi I wefvRb N‡U| †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨v aªæe I ˆewkó¨ esk ci¤úivq wUwK‡q ivLvi
msL¨vMZ e„w× N‡U| Rb¨ I Rxe‡bi avivevwnKZv i¶Y Kivi Rb¨ gv‡qvwmm nq|
gv‡qvwmm bv n‡j RxeRMZ aŸsm n‡q †hZ|
‡Kvl wefvRb  Practice Content 4
22. gv‡qvwmm †Kb nq? cÖKiY m„wó Kiv hvq| †µv‡gv‡mvg g¨vwcs G µwms Ifv‡ii
DËit- A¨vbv‡dR‡K MwZ ch©vq ejv nq KviY- ˆewkó¨ e¨eüZ nq| †µv‡gv‡mv‡g wR‡bi Ae¯’vb wbY©q I
G ch©v‡q AcZ¨ †µv‡gv‡mvgmg~n welyexq AÂj †_‡K †giægyLx †R‡bwUK g¨vc ˆZwi Kiv‡Z µwms Ifv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
Pj‡Z ïiæ K‡i| †m‡›Uªvwgqv‡ii c~Y© wefw³i d‡j cÖwZwU 30. Daughter cellej‡Z Kx eyS?
†µvgvwUW GKwU K‡i AcZ¨ †µv‡gv‡mv‡g cwiYZ nq Ges DËit- ‡Kvl wefvR‡bi d‡j m„ó bZzb †Kvl‡K e‡j AcZ¨ †Kvl ev
cÖwZwU AcZ¨ ‡µv‡gv‡Rvg G‡`i wbKU¯’ †giæi w`‡K avweZ Daughter cell e‡j|
nq| AcZ¨ †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †giægyLx Pj‡b †m‡›Uªvwgqvi AMÖMvgx ‡Kvl wefvR‡bi mgq GKwU gvZ…‡Kvl †_‡K 2wU ev 4wU AcZ¨
I evûØq AbyMvgx _v‡K| †Kvl m„wó nq| gvB‡Uvwm‡m `ywU AcZ¨ †Kvl m„wó nq Avi
gv‡qvwm‡m PviwU AcZ¨ †Kvl ev Daughter cell ˆZix nq|
23. gv‡qvwmm Kxfv‡e Rx‡ei †µv‡gv‡Rvg msL¨v aªæe iv‡L? gvB‡Uvwm‡m Daughter cell gvZ…‡Kv‡li Abyiƒc nq Z‡e
DËit- gv‡qvwmm Rx‡ei †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨v aªæe iv‡L| wgIwm‡m gvZ…‡Kv‡li A‡a©K †µv‡gv‡mvg wewkó nq|
G‡Z wbDwK¬qvm ci ci `y'evi I †µv‡gv‡mvg gvÎ GKevi 31. †gUv‡dR -1 I †gUv‡dR-2 Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ki:
wefvwRZ n‡q gvZ„‡Kv‡li '‡µv‡gv‡mv‡gi A‡a©KmsL¨K DËit- †gUv‡dR-1 I †gUv‡dR-2 Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb¤œiæc:
†µv‡gv‡mvghy³ PviwU AcZ¨ †Kvl m„wó K‡i|cÖwZwU AcZ¨ cv_©‡K¨i welq †gUv‡dR -1 †gUv‡dR-2
†Kv‡l gvZ„‡Kv‡li †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨vi A‡a©K †µv‡gv‡mvg 1. w¯úÛj hš¿ Aby‰`N¨© fv‡e ˆZix AbycÖ¯’ fv‡e ˆZix
_v‡K| `ywU Rbb‡Kvl GKmv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q RvB‡MvU ˆZix K‡i, nq| nq|
Rbb‡Kvl¸‡jv‡Z †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨v nªvm †c‡q Rbb 2. †µvgvwU‡Wi ci¯ú‡ii KvQvKvwQ ci®ú‡ii †_‡K `~‡i
gvZ„‡Kv‡li A‡a©K bv n‡j Zv‡`i †hŠb wgj‡bi d‡j m„ó Rx‡e Ae¯’vb Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| Ae¯’vb Ki‡e|
†µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨v wظb n‡q †hZ| hv cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ ûgwK 3. †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K cwiewZ©Z nq|
¯^iƒc| cÖK…wZ|
24. Rxe‡`n‡Kv‡l wg‡qvwmm bv nIqvi Kvib Kx? 32. gvB‡Uvwmm I wgIwm‡mi Zzjbv Ki:
DËit- wgIwm‡m AcZ¨ †Kv‡l †µv‡gv‡Rvg msL¨v gvZ„‡Kv‡li A‡a©K DËit- gvB‡Uvwmm I wgIwm‡mi Zzjbv wb¤œiƒc:
_v‡K|
cv_©‡K¨i welq gvB‡Uvwmm wgIwmm
Rxe‡`n †Kvl gvB‡Uvwmm wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g GKwU †_‡K `ywU|
1. msNUb ¯’vb Rx‡ei †`n †Kv‡l Rx‡ei Rbb †Kvl
`ywU †_‡K PviwU Gfv‡e †`n MVb m¤úbœ K‡i †KvwU †KvwU
nq nq
†Kv‡li gva¨‡g| wgIwmm †`n‡Kv‡l n‡j cÖwZwU †Kv‡l
†µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi mgZv eRvq _vK‡Zv bv| †µv‡gv‡Rvg nªvm †c‡Z 2. AcZ¨ †Kv‡li `ywU PviwU
†c‡Z wejyß nIqvi c‡_ GwM‡q †hZ| ZvB †`n †Kv‡l msL¨v
wg‡qvwmm nq bv| 3. µwms Ifvi nq bv nq|
25. wgIwmm‡K nªvmg~jK wefvRb †Kb ejv nq? 4. wbDwK¬qvm I wbDwK¬qvm I wbDwK¬qvm `yBevi
DËit- gv‡qvwmm †Kvl wefvRb cÖwµqvq GKwU cÖK…Z gvZ„‡Kvl †_‡K †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †µv‡gv‡mvg GKevi wefvwRZ nq,
PviwU AcZ¨ †Kvl m„wó nq| wefvRb wefvwRZ nq| †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi
G cÖwµqvq †Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvm `y evi Ges †µv‡gv‡mvg GKevi wefvRb GKevi nq|
wefvwRZ nq| d‡j AcZ¨ †Kv‡li †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨v 33. gvB‡UvwUK Bb‡W· ej‡Z Kx eyS?
gvZ„‡Kv‡li †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨vi A‡a©K nq| †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨v DËit- ‡Kv‡bv wUmy¨i †gvU †Kvl msL¨v Ges gvB‡UvwmiZ †Kvl msL¨vi
A‡a©K nªvm cvq e‡j G wefvRb‡K nªvmg~jK wefvRb e‡j| AbycvZ n‡jv gvB‡UvwUK Bb‡W· (MI)
26. cÖvšÍxqKib ej‡Z Kx eyS? MI gvB‡UvwmmiZ †Kvl msL¨v
DËit- †cÖv‡dR-1 Gi wW‡cøvwUb ch©v‡q KvqvRgvi cÖv‡šÍi w`‡K m‡i †gvU †Kvl msL¨v
hvIqv‡K e‡j cÖvšÍxqKib| wPwKrm‡Ki Rb¨ MI cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| MI †_‡K wPwKrmK
wW‡cøvwU‡b evBf¨v‡j›U †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi g‡a¨ weKl©Y ïiæ n‡j Abygvb Ki‡Z cv‡ib wUDgvi KZ ZvovZvwo e„w× cv‡e Ges G
Giv wecixZ w`‡K m‡i †h‡Z †Póv K‡i wKš‘ KvqvRgvUvi ¯’v‡b Rb¨ Kx ai‡Yi wUªU‡g›U cÖ‡qvRb| D”P MI e‡j †`q GwU `ªæZ
evav cvq d‡j KvqRgv `ywUi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b jy‡ci m„wó nq| ea©bkxj wUDgvi|
KvqvRgvUv ¸‡jv ¯úó nq Ges µ‡g µ‡g cÖv‡šÍi w`‡K m‡i 34. n¨vcø‡qW I wWcø‡qW ej‡Z Kx eyS?
Av‡m| DËit- cÖwZwU Rx‡e GKwU wbw`©ó msL¨K unique †µv‡gv‡mvg _v‡K|
27. KvqvRgv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? me¸‡jv Unique ‡µv‡gv‡Rvg wg‡j GKwU †mU nq|
DËit- `ywU bb wm÷vi †µv‡gvwU‡Wi`X’ AvK…wZi ev µm wP‡ýi g‡Zv ‡h †Kv‡l GK †mU †µv‡gv‡mvg Av‡Q Zv‡K n¨vcø‡qW †Kvl
†Rvov¯’j‡K GKeP‡b KvqvRgv Ges eûeP‡b KvqvRgvUv e‡j| e‡j| †h †Kv‡l `yB †mU †µv‡gv‡mvg Av‡Q Zv‡K wWcø‡qW †mj
c¨vKvBwUb Dcch©v‡qi †k‡li w`‡K evB‡f‡j‡›Ui †h †Kv‡bv e‡j| gvbyl wWcø‡qW cÖvbx, KviY gvby‡li 2 †mU †µv‡gv‡mvg
`ywU bb-wm÷vi †µv‡gvwUW m¤¢eZ GKB ¯’v‡b †f‡½ wM‡q Av‡Q|
cybivq GKwUi mv‡_ Ab¨wUi †Rvov jv‡M| d‡j H †Rvovi ¯’v‡b 35. wmb¨vcwmm ej‡Z Kx eyS?
GKwU Bs‡iwR `X’ AvK…wZi ev µm wP‡ýi g‡Zv Ae¯’v nq DËit- gv‡qvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡bi †cÖv‡dR ch©v‡qi RvB‡MvwUb Dc
GwUB KvqvRgv| ch©v‡q `ywU K‡i †µv‡gv‡mvg †Rvov K‡i Ae¯’vb †bq| `ywU
28. µwms Ifvi ej‡Z Kx eyS? †nv‡gv‡jvMvm ‡µv‡gv‡mv‡gi gv‡S Giƒc †Rvo nIqv‡K ejv nq
DËit- gv‡qvwmm-1 Gi c¨vKvBwUb Dc-ch©v‡q GK †Rvov mgms¯’ wmb¨vcwmm|
†µv‡gv‡mv‡gi `ywU bb-wm÷vi †µvgvwUW Gi g‡a¨ As‡ki ‡nv‡gv‡jvMvm †Rvov‡K ejv nq evBf¨v‡j›U, wmb¨vcwmm NUvB
wewbgq nIqv‡K µwms Ifvi e‡j| µwms Ifv‡ii d‡j gv‡qvwm‡mi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ˆewkó¨ GLvb †_‡K nªvmg~jK wefvRb
†µv‡gv‡mv‡gi wRbmg~‡ni gyj web¨v‡mi cwieZ©b N‡U Ges Z_v †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨v A‡a©K nIqvi myPbv nq|
wPwýZ wRb mg~‡ni g‡a¨ bZzb mgš^q ˆZwi nq| 36. †Kv‡li g„Zy¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS?
29. µwms Ifv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ ‡jL| DËit- GKwU †Kv‡li ˆRweK Kvh©µg eÜ n‡q hvIqv‡KB Avgiv
DËit- Rxe RM‡Z µwmsIfv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| †Kv‡li g„Z¨y ej‡Z cvwi|
µwms Ifv‡ei d‡j `ywU †µvgvwUW g‡a¨ As‡ki wewbgq N‡U eû‡Kvlx Rxe‡`‡n cÖwZw`b A‡bK †Kv‡li g„Zy¨ N‡U|
d‡j wRbMZ cwieZ©b mvwaZ nq| d‡j ˆewkó¨MZ cwieZ©bI ‡Kvl wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g Zv c~iY Ki‡Z nq | `ywU Dcv‡q
mvwaZ nq| µwms Ifv‡ii d‡j Kvw•ÿZ DbœZ ˆewk‡ó¨i bZzb †Kv‡li g„Zy¨ nq| (1) Necrosis (2) Apoptosis.
‡Kvl wefvRb  Practice Content
Necrosis n‡jv cywói Afve ev welv³ `ª‡e¨i Kvi‡b †Kv‡li
g„Zy¨, Apoptosis n‡jv †Kv‡li †R‡bwUK¨vwj wbqwš¿Z g„Zy¨|
gvbe‡`‡n cÖwZw`b j¶ j¶ †Kv‡li g„Zy¨ N‡U|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 01
➢ D”P‡kÖYxi Rx‡e `yB ai‡Yi wefvRb cwijwÿZ nq GK ai‡Yi
wefvR‡b Rbbv½ m„wó nq| Aci ai‡Yi wefvR‡b Rbb ‡Kvl
m„wó nq|
K. mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm Kx?
L. n«vmg~jK wefvRb I mgxKiwYK wefvR‡bi cv_©K¨ †jL|
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g ai‡Yi wefvR‡b †h avcwU ¯^í¯’vqx ch©vq
Zuvi wPÎmn eY©bv `vI|
N. DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq ai‡Yi wefvR‡bi †h av‡c †µvgvwU‡Wi
As‡ki wewbgq N‡U Zvi wRbMZ ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølb K‡iv|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 02
➢ 8 8 L. A¨v‡cvc‡Uvwmm ej‡Z Kx eyS?
8 8 8 8
4 4 4 4
wPÎ: 1 wPÎ: 2
K. µwms Ifvi Kx?
L. B›UviKvB‡bwmm ej‡Z Kx eyS?
M. DwÏc‡Ki wefvRb؇qi ˆemv`„k¨ Zz‡j a‡iv|
N. DÏxc‡Ki GK ai‡bi wefvRb Øviv wcZv-gvZv ˆewkó¨
mšÍvb-mšÍwZ‡Z mÂvwiZ nq we‡kølY K‡iv|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 03
➢ N. DÏxc‡Ki wefvRb؇qi g‡a¨Kvi cv_©K¨ Zz‡j a‡iv|
wPÎ: 1 wPÎ: 2
K. K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm Kx?
L. Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwmm ÿwZKi-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. wPÎ-01 Gi av‡ci kbv³KiYmn ˆewkó¨ Zz‡j a‡iv|
N. wPÎ-02 †h †Kvl wefvR‡bi AšÍf©y³ Rxe‡bi avivevwnKZv
I ˆewPΨZvi Rb¨ ‡mwU Avek¨K-we‡kølY K‡iv|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 04
➢ Rxe‡`‡n GK cÖKvi †Kvl wefvR‡b gvZ…‡Kvl I AcZ¨‡Kv‡l
†µv‡gv‡Rvg msL¨v mgvb _v‡K I Aci ai‡Yi wefvRb
†µv‡gv‡Rvg msL¨v A‡a©K n‡q hvq|
K. KvqvRgvUv Kx?
L. Rx‡ei Rxe‡bi †KvlPµ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kb?
M. Aci ai‡Yi wefvR‡b wRbMZ cwieZ©b †h cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g
mvwaZ nq †mwUi †KŠkj eY©Yv `vI|
N. Ò‰`wnK e„w×I ÿZc~iY cÖ_g ai‡Yi ‡Kvl wefvR‡bi weKí
†bB Z‡e Zv Awbqwš¿Z n‡j mgm¨vI i‡q‡QÓ-e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 05
Dw™¢`weÁv‡bi wkÿK Aveyj evkvi K¬v‡m †Kvl wefvRb wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv KiwQ‡jb| GK cÖKvi †Kvl wefvRb m¤ú‡K© wZwb
e‡jb, ÒAwfe¨w³i aviv I cÖevn Avb‡Z GwU Avek¨K|Ó wZwb
Av‡iK ai‡Yi wefvRb wb‡q e‡jb †h Gi wbqš¿Y bó n‡j
cÖvYNvZxI n‡Z cv‡i|
K. gvB‡UvwUK Bb‡W· Kx?
L. wmb¨vcwmm ej‡Z Kx †evS?
M. DÏxc‡K 1g †h wefvRb‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zvi 2q av‡ci
`kv¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki 2q cÖKvi †Kvl wefvR‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
5
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 06
➢
2n
2n 2n
A B
K. evBf¨v‡j›U Kx?
L. ‡Kvl wefvRb bv n‡j Rxe Kx mgm¨vq co‡e?
M. A wP‡Îi av‡ci cieZ©x avcwU wPÎmn eY©Yv `vI|
N. A I B ‡h †Kvl wefvRb‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Dw™¢‡`i Rbyµ‡g
Dfq wefvR‡biB cÖ‡qvRb-we‡kølY K‡iv|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 07
➢ Dcavc-01 t evBf¨v‡j›U m„wó
Dcavc-02 t wbDwK¬qvi Gb‡fj‡ci wejywß
K. bb-wm÷vi †µvgvwUW Kx?
M. DÏxc‡Ki Dcavc-02 Gi mwPÎK eY©Yv `vI|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Dcavc-01 Gi cieZ©x DcavcwU Rxe‰ewPΨ
m„wó‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L- we‡kølY Ki|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 08
➢ iwdK m¨vi Ggb `ywU †Kvl wefvRb m¤ú‡K© e‡jb hvi GKwU
Avw`‡Kvlx Rx‡e eske„w× NUvq I AciwU KZK GK‡Kvlx
my‡Kw›`ªK †Kv‡l eske„w× NUvq|
K. ‡KvlwefvRb Kx?
L. B›Uvi‡dR ej‡Z Kx eyS?
M. DÏxc‡Ki 2q wefvR‡bi 1g ch©vqwU mwPÎK e¨vL¨v `vI|
cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ w`Kwb‡`©kbv
1 (M) gvB‡UvwUK ‡cÖv‡gUv‡d‡Ri wPÎmn eY©bv `vI|
1 (N) c¨vKvBwUb Gi wRbMZ ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡j ai|
2 (M) gvB‡Uvwmm I wg‡qvwm‡mi g‡a¨Kvi ˆemv`„k¨ Zz‡j ai|
2 (N) wg‡qvwm‡mi gva¨‡g wcZv-gvZvi ˆewkó¨ mšÍvb-mšÍwZ‡Z mÂvwiZ
nq Av‡jvPbv K‡iv|
3 (M) gvB‡UvwUK †gUv‡d‡Ri ˆewkó¨ Zz‡j a‡iv|
3 (N) Rxe‡bi avivevwnKZv I ˆewPΨZvi Rb¨ gv‡qvwm‡mi Avek¨KZv
we‡kølY K‡iv|
4 (M) µwms Ifvi Kxfv‡e msNwUZ nq eY©Yv `vI
4 (N) wbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwm‡mi mydj I Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwm‡mi Kzdj Zz‡j
a‡iv|
5 (M) gv‡qvwmm-02 Gi avc¸‡jvi e¨vL¨v `vI|
5 (N) gvB‡Uvwmm †KvlwefvR‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
6 (M) wPÎmn c¨vKvBwUb eY©Yv Ki|
6 (N) Dw™¢‡`i Rbyµ‡g gvB‡Uvwmm I wg‡qvwmm Gi f‚wgKv †jL|
7 (M) wPÎmn WvqvKvB‡bwmm eY©Yv Ki|
7 (N) Rxe‰ewPΨ m„wó‡Z c¨vKvBwU‡bi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Ki|
8 (M) wPÎmn †cÖv‡d‡Ri eY©Yv `vI|
8 (N) A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm I gvB‡Uvwm‡mi cv_©K¨ Zz‡j a‡i|
‡Kvl wefvRb  Practice Content 6
A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm
15. gvB‡Uvwm‡mi me‡P‡q `xN©¯’vqx ch©vq †KvbwU?
1. me©cÖ_g ‡Kvl wefvRb jÿ Kiv hvq †Kvb cÖvYx‡Z? A Prophase B Pro metaphase
A Escherichia coli B Blue Green Algae C Anaphase D telophase
C Boehmeria rivea D Triturus maculosa 16. ‡µv‡gvRgxq b„Z¨ nq gvB‡Uvwm‡mi †Kvb `kvq?
2. me©cÖ_g †Kvl wefvRb jÿ¨ K‡ib †Kvb weÁvbx? A cÖvK ga¨ch©vq B Av`¨ ch©vq
A iæWjd wfikvI B ÷ªvm evM©vi C ga¨ ch©vq D MwZ ch©vq
C Iqvëvi †d¬wgs D køvBLvi 17. ‡µv‡gv‡mv‡gi mycvi K‡qwjs N‡U †Kvb `kvq?
3. e¨vK‡Uwiqvi wØwefvRb †Kvb †Kvl wefvR‡bi mg_©K? A ‡gUv‡dR B ‡U‡jv‡dR
A A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm B n«vmg~jK wefvRb C A¨vbv‡dR D ‡cÖv‡gUv‡dR
C mgxKiwYK wefvRb D gv‡qvwmm 18. ‡cÖv‡gUv‡dR `kvq
4. ‡Kvb Rx‡ei msL¨ve„wׇZ A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm djcÖm~? (i) wbDwK¬qvi †gg‡eªb I wbDwK¬Ijvm A`„k¨ n‡q hvq|
A eû‡Kvlx B A‡Kvlxq (ii) ‡µv‡gv‡mvgxq b„Z¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i
C GK‡Kvlx D AcZ¨ ‡Kvl (iii) †gUvKvB‡bwmm N‡U
gvB‡Uvwmm wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
5. Rbbv‡½i MVb †Kvb †Kvl wefvRb cÖwµqvq nq? A i I ii B ii I iii
A A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm B gv‡qvwmm C i I iii D i, ii I iii
C gvB‡Uvwmm D wØfvRb 19. gvB‡Uvwm‡mi d‡j
6. ‡Kvl P‡µi AšÍf‚©³ bq †KvbwU? (i) Rbbv½ m„wó nq
A ‡Kvl m„wó B wefvRb (ii) Rbb‡Kv‡li msL¨v e„w× nq
C wejywß D e„w× (iii) KZK GK‡Kvlx Rx‡e eskMZxq AÿzbœZv eRvq _v‡K
7. DNA replication m¤úbœ nq interphase Gi †Kvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Dcv‡q? A i I ii B ii I iii
AG-1 BG-2 C i I iii D i, ii I iii
C Synthesis D M. Phase 20. ‡µv‡gv‡mv‡gi dehydration †Kvb av‡c N‡U?
8. ‡Kvl P‡µi KZ fvM mgq M. Phase G e¨q nq? A Prophase B Metaphase
A 5-10 B 90-95 C Anaphase D Telophase
C 40-50 D 10-20 21. Free nuclear division Gi D`vniY †KvbwU?
9. Interphase Gi †Kvb ch©v‡q gvB‡µvwUDweDjm ˆZwii m~Pbv A Wvwjg B ‡jey
nq C Wv‡ei cvwb D KuvVvj
A G1 BS 22. ‡`‡ni wewfbœ ¯’v‡b K¨vÝvi †Kv‡li we¯Ívi nIqv‡K Kx e‡j?
C G2 D M.Phase A A¨v‡cvc‡Uwmm B ‡b‡µvwmm
10. ATP ˆZwi nq interphase Gi †Kvb `kvq? C ‡gUv‡÷wmm D A¨v‡cvdvBwmm
A G2 B G1
CS D M.Phase
11. Cdk ‡Kvb cÖwµqv wbqš¿Y K‡i?
A ‡Kvl Pµ B dm‡dvivB‡jkb
C gvB‡Uvwmm D wg‡qvwmm
12. ¯Íb¨cvqx‡`i M.Phase KZ N›Uv ¯’vqx nq? 23. DÏxcKwU gvB‡Uvwm‡mi †Kvb avc‡K wb‡`©k K‡i?
A 05-2 B 1-1.5 A ‡cÖv‡dR B ‡gUv‡dR
C 2-2.5 D 7-8 C A¨vbv‡dR D ‡U‡jv‡dR
13. DNA ‡iwcø‡Kkb mwµq I Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i †Kvb mvBwK¬b? 24. D³ avcwU‡Z-
A mvBwK¬b - D B mvBwK¬b - E (i) ‡µv‡gv‡mvgxq b„Z¨ †`Lv hvq
(ii) ‡m‡›Uªvwgqvi AMÖMvgx n‡q _v‡K
C mvBwK¬b - A D mvBwK¬b - B
(iii) ‡µvgvwUW †giægyLx n‡q Pj‡Z _v‡K
14. ‡Kvb `kvq †Kvlxq wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi cwigvYMZ I msL¨vMZ e„w×
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N‡U?
A i I ii B ii I iii
A K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm B mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm
C i I iii D i, ii I iii
C B›Uvi‡dR D ‡KvbwU bq

1 D 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 A
11 B 12 B 13 C 14 C 15 A 16 A 17 A 18 A 19 D 20 A
21 A 22 B 23 C 24 B
‡Kvl wefvRb  Practice Content 7
➢ wkÿK K¬v‡m Ggb GKwU †Kvl wefvRb m¤ú‡K© covb †hLv‡b 32. cÖ`wk©Z avcwU‡Z
AcZ¨ †Kvl gvZ…‡Kv‡li mg¸bm¤úbœ, mgMVbwewkó nq| (i) wbDwK¬qvi †gg‡eªb m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wejyß nq
25. wkÿK K¬v‡m †Kvb †Kvl wefvRb covb? (ii) ‡µv‡gv‡mvg¸‡jv MwZcÖvß nq
A gvB‡Uvwmm B wg‡qvwmm (iii) ‡µv‡gv‡mv‡gi msL¨v, AvKvi, AvK…wZ wbY©q Kiv hvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
C A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm D c¨vKvBwUb
26. D³ †Kvl wefvRbwU N‡U- A i I ii B ii I iii
(i) Rbb gvZ…‡Kv‡l M¨vwgU m„wóKv‡j C i I iii D i, ii I iii
(ii) Dw™¢‡`i K¨vw¤^qvg A‡j ➢ gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb c×wZ‡Z GKwU gvZ…‡Kvl wefvwRZ n‡q
(iii) g~‡ji kxl©¯’ fvRK Kjvq `ywU AcZ¨‡Kv‡l cwiYZ nq|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 33. D³ †Kvl wefvR‡bi ¸iæZ¡
A i I ii B ii I iii (i) †`‡ni cyY©MVb
C i I iii D i, ii I iii (ii) åƒYxq cwiù©zUb
➢ ‡Kvl P‡µi Ggb GKwU `kv i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b †Kvl Zvi Rxe‡bi (iii) ‡g‡Û‡ji m~‡Îi e¨vL¨v
AwaKvsk mgq KvUvq| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
27. DÏxc‡K †Kvl `kv‡K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q- A i I ii B ii I iii
A gvB‡Uvwmm B wg‡qvwmm C i I iii D i, ii I iii
C B›Uvi‡dR D ‡U‡jv‡dR 34. D³ †Kvl wefvR‡bi avc¸‡jvi ch©vqµwgK iƒc-
28. D³ `kvq N‡U- A ‡cÖv‡dR → †gUv‡dR → †U‡jv‡dR → A¨vbv‡dR
(i) DNA Gi cÖwZwjcb B ‡cÖv‡dR → ‡cÖv‡gUv‡dR → ‡gUv‡dR → A¨vbv‡dR
(ii) ATP ‰Zwi C A¨vbv‡dR → †U‡jv‡dR → †gUv‡dR → ‡cÖv‡dR
(iii) wn‡÷vb †cÖvwU‡bi cwigvb e„w× N‡U D ‡cÖv‡dR → †U‡jv‡dR → A¨vbv‡dR → †gUv‡dR
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wg‡qvwmm
A i I ii B ii I iii 35. gv‡qvwmm †Kvl wefvRb †Kv_vq N‡U?
C i I iii D i, ii I iii A wWcø‡qW Rx‡ei RvB‡Mv‡U B Rbbv‡½
C Rbb gvZ…‡Kv‡l D ‡`n‡Kvl
2n 36. 2n ‡_‡K n †µv‡gv‡Rvg m„wó -GwU †Kvb cell division †K
➢ 2n wb‡`©k K‡i?
2n A gvB‡Uvwmm B wg‡qvwmm
29. D³ wefvRbwU N‡U C A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm D cÖZ¨ÿ
(i) ‡`n‡Kv‡l 37. Rxemg~‡ni g‡a¨ ˆewPΨ m„wói cÖavb Dcvq Kx?
(ii) Rbb‡Kv‡l
A gvB‡Uvwmm B wg‡qvwmm
(iii) Rbbv‡½
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? C A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm D wØfvRb
38. ‡µv‡gv‡mv‡gi ¯^Zš¿ web¨vm N‡U †Kvb cell division G-
A i I ii B ii I iii
A mitosis B amitosis
C i I iii D i, ii I iii
30. DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g C meiosis D equational
(i) gvZ… ˆewkó¨ AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K 39. "X" wP‡ýi g‡Zv †Rvo¯’vb‡K Kx e‡j?
(ii) GK‡Kvlx my‡Kw›`ªK Rx‡e esk e„w× N‡U A tetrad B chiasmata
(iii) ‡`‡ni ÿqc~iY I e„w× mvab nq C loop D bivalent
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 40. Pachytene Gi c~e©eZx© avc †KvbwU??
A i I ii B ii I iii A Leptotene B Zygotene
C i I iii D i, ii I iii C Diplotene D Diakinesis
41. ‡Kvb av‡c Nucleolus A`„k¨ n‡q hvq?
A Leptotene B Zygotene
C Pachytene D Diakinesis
42. cÖvYx‡Kv‡l †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi †cvjvivBRW web¨vm N‡U †cÖv‡dR - 1
Gi ‡Kvb Dcch©v‡q?
A ‡j‡ÞvwUb B Rv&B‡MvwUb
31. cÖ`wk©Z avcwUi c~‡e©i avc-
C WvqvKvB‡bwmm D wW‡cøvwUb
A ‡cÖv‡dR B †cÖv-‡gUv‡dR
43. cÖwZ †Rvo euvav †µv‡gv‡mvg †Rvov‡K Kx e‡j?
C ‡gUv‡dR D A¨vbv‡dR
A synapsis B tetrad
C chiasma D bivalent

25 A 26 B 27 C 28 D 29 C 30 D 31 B 32 C 33 A 34 B
35 C 36 B 37 B 38 C 39 B 40 B 41 D 42 A 43 D
‡Kvl wefvRb  Practice Content 8
44. bb wm÷vi †µvgvwUK¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU KvqvRgv _vK‡j loop 52. DÏxcKwUi ¸iæZ¡
KZ †Kvb m„wó Ki‡e? (i) wRbZvwË¡K M‡elYvq
A 900 B 00 (ii) ‡µv‡gv‡mv‡gi wR‡bi ˆiwLK web¨vm wbY©‡q
C 180 0
D 450 (iii) eskMwZi cwieZ©‡b
45. Interkinesis G †KvbwU ms‡køwlZ nq? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A DNA B Fat A i I ii B ii I iii
C RNA D carbohydrate C i I iii D i, ii I iii
46. wb‡Pi †KvbwU gv‡qvwm‡mi ¸iæZ¡ bq? ➢ widvZ Ggb GKwU †Kvl wefvRb m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nq †hLv‡b GKwU
A ‰ewPΨ m„wó B ‡g‡Û‡ji m~Î gvZ…‡Kvl wefvwRZ n‡q PviwU AcZ¨ †Kvl m„wó nq
C Rbyµg D ‡µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi mgZv iÿv 53. ‡Kvb †Kvl wefvRb‡K wb‡`©k K‡i?
47. wb‡Pi †Kvb GbRvB‡gi Kvi‡Y `yB bb wm÷vi †µvgvwU‡Wi fv½v A gvB‡Uvwmm B wg‡qvwmm
Ask †Rvov jv‡M? C A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm D ‡cÖv‡dR
A Lypase B Ligase 54. D³ †Kvl wefvRb N‡U-
C Endonuclease D Helicase (i) ‰kev‡j
(ii) QÎv‡K
(iii) e¨vKUwiqv‡Z
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A i I ii B ii I iii
C i I iii D i, ii I iii
48. wPÎwU †Kvl wefvR‡bi †Kvb avc‡K wb‡`©k K‡i?
A ‡gUv‡dR - 1 B ‡gUv‡dR - 2
C A¨vbv‡dR - 1 D A¨vbv‡dR - 2
49. ‡µv‡gv‡Rvg msL¨v gvZ…‡Kv‡li A‡a©K nq †Kvb av‡c?
A †cÖv‡dR - 1 B ‡gUv‡dR - 1
C A¨vbv‡dR - 1 D ‡U‡jv‡dR - 1 55. wg‡qvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡bi †Kvb avc?
A ‡j‡ÞvwUb B RvB‡MvwUb
C WvqvKvB‡bwmm D c¨vKvBwUb
56. D³ av‡ci ˆewkó¨-
(i) ‡µvgvwUW GKB n‡j wm÷vi †µvgvwUW
(ii) PviwU †µvgvwUW †UUªvW MVb K‡i
50. Dc‡ii wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z cÖwµqvi d‡j- (iii) wfbœ †µvgvwUW‡K wm÷vi †µvgvwUW e‡j
(i) wRbMZ cwieZ©b mvwaZ nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(ii) ‡µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨vi cwieZ©b nq A i I ii B ii I iii
(iii) cÖRvwZ‡Z ˆewPΨ Av‡m C i I iii D i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A i I ii B ii I iii
C i I iii D i, ii I iii

51. DÏxcKwU †KvbwU wb‡`©k K‡i?

A ey‡K B jyc
C µwms Ifvi D B›UviKvB‡bwmm

44 C 45 C 46 D 47 B 48 B 49 C 50 C 51 C 52 D 53 B
54 A 55 D 56 A
‡Kvl wefvRb  Practice Content
gv÷vi Bb‡dv kxU
‡Kvl wefvRb
➢ Walter Flemming 1882 wLªóv‡ã mvgyw`ªK m¨vjvgvÛvi
(Triturus maculosa) †Kv‡l cÖ_g †Kvl wefvRb jÿ¨
K‡ib|
➢ Ò‡Kvl †_‡KB †Kej †Kvl m„wó n‡Z cv‡iÓ GwU e‡jb iæWjd
wfikvI|
➢ A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm → cÖZ¨ÿ †Kvl wefvRb
gvB‡Uvwmm → mgxKiwbK †Kvl wefvRb
gv‡qvwmm → n«vmg~jK †Kvl wefvRb
A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb
➢ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi wØ-fvRb cÖwµqv A¨vgvB‡Uvwm‡mi g‡Zv| GQvov
C÷, A¨vwgev‡ZI A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm †`Lv hvq|
➢ ÒA¨vgvB‡Uvwmm cÖwµqv †_‡KB RwUj I DbœZ †Kvl wefvRb
c×wZi DrcwË n‡q‡QÓ GwU e‡jb weÁvbx ÷ªvm©evR©vi|
➢ wbDwK¬qv‡mi wefvRb → K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm
mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi wefvRb → mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm
‡KvlPµ
➢ B›Uvi‡dR Ae¯’vq _vKv †Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvm → wecvKxq
wbDwK¬qvm
➢ ‡Kvl P‡µ me‡P‡q †ewk mgq jv‡M S `kv ev ms‡kølb `kvq|
➢ ¯Íb¨cvqx‡`i †Kvl P‡µ gvB‡UvwUK `kv 1-1.5 N›Uv ¯’vqx nq|
➢ B›Uvi‡dR `kvq eskMZxq e¯‘ †µvgvwUb wn‡m‡e _v‡K|
➢ ‡KvlPµ cÖ¯Íve K‡i → nvIqvW© I †cé, 1953 mv‡j|
➢ GKwU †R‡bwUK †cÖvMÖvg Øviv †Kvl Pµ wbqwš¿Z nq|
➢ Uv‡M©U †Kv‡li A_©vr †h †Kvl wefvwRZ n‡e Zvi mv‡d©‡m we‡kl
wi‡mÞi ‡cÖvwU‡bi mv‡_ †MÖv_ d¨v±i mshy³ n‡q †Kvl Pµ ïiæ
Kivi wb‡`©k `vb K‡i|
➢ mvBwK¬b Ges mvBwK¬b wW‡c‡Û›U KvB‡bR (cdk) †hŠM
†KvlP‡µi Rb¨ Af¨šÍixb DÏxcbv cÖ`vb K‡i|
➢ ‡Kvl Pµ wbqš¿YKvix `yÕai‡bi †cÖvwUb n‡”Q-
K) †cÖvwUb KvB‡bR I
L) mvBwK¬b
➢ ‡KvlPµ webóKvix wRb n‡jv Oncogene.
gvB‡Uvwmm
➢ gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡b wbDwK¬qvm I †µv‡gv‡mvg DfqB
GKevi K‡i wef³ nq|
➢ gvB‡Uvwmm bvgKib K‡ib → Walter Flemming.
➢ K¨vwiI KvB‡bwmm bvgKiY K‡ib → Schleicher.
➢ gvB‡Uvwmm N‡U → ˆ`wnK †Kv‡l, Dw™¢‡`i KvÛ, kvLv-cÖkvLvi
kxl©, g~‡ji ewa©òz kxl©, K¨vw¤^qvg cÖf…wZ A‡j|
➢ GKRb cÖvß eq¯‹ e¨w³i †`‡n 100 (10 ) wUªwjqb †Kvl _v‡K|
14
➢ `ªæZ wefvR‡bi Rb¨ we‡klvwqZ → åæb †Kvl, g~j I Kv‡Ûi
kxl© †gwi‡÷g †Kvl
➢ ‡Kvl Z‡e wefvwRZ nq bv → c~b©v½ jvj i³ †Kvl, †cwk‡Kvl,
¯œvqy‡Kvl, Dw™¢‡`i ¯’vqx †Kvl mg~n|
➢ Bone marrow- ‡Z †jvwnZ i³KwYKv †Kv‡li msL¨v e„w×i
Rb¨ wKWwb erythropoetin ˆZwi K‡i|
➢ M-phase `kvq eskMZxq e¯‘ †µv‡gv‡mvg wn‡m‡e _v‡K|
➢ ‡cÖv‡dR gvB‡Uvwm‡mi me‡P‡q `xN©¯’vqx ch©vq|
➢ w¯úÛj dvBevi ‡m‡›Uªvwgqv‡ii KvB‡b‡Uv‡Kv‡ii gUi †cÖvwU‡b
mshy³ nq|
➢ ‡µv‡gv‡mvgxq b„Z¨ †`Lv hvq → ‡cÖv-‡gUv‡dR av‡c|
➢ wbDwK¬qvi †gg‡eªb I wbDwK¬Ijv‡mi c~Y© wejywß N‡U → ‡cÖv-
‡gUv‡dR av‡c|
➢ gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvR‡bi ‡cÖv‡dR ch©v‡q cÖwZwU †µv‡gv‡mvg
†m‡›Uªvwgqvi e¨ZxZ j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e (Aby‰`N¨©) `ywU m~‡Î wef³
_v‡K|
➢ cÖvYx‡Kv‡l †m‡›Uªv‡mvg Mitotic centre wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
9
➢ ‡cÖv‡dR `kvq †µv‡gv‡mvg¸‡jv µgvMZ Lv‡Uv I †gvUv nq| is
avib ÿgZv e„w× cvq d‡j ¯úó ‡_‡K ¯úóZi fv‡e `„wó‡MvPi
nq|
➢ ‡gUv‡dR ch©v‡q †µvgvwUW¸‡jv †gvUv I Lv‡Uv nq mycvi K‡qwjs
cÖwµqvq Ges GB †gvUv I Lv‡Uv nIqv‡K Kb‡Wb‡mkb ejv nq|
➢ A¨vbv‡dR ch©v‡q AcZ¨ †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †giæ AwfgyLx Pj‡b
†m‡›UªvwgqviB AMÖMvgx _v‡K Ges evûØq AbyMvgx _v‡K| d‡j
‡m‡›Uªvvwgqv‡ii Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx †µv‡gv‡mvg¸‡jv Bs‡iRx V
(‡gUv‡mw›UªK), L (mve‡gUv‡mw›UªK), J (A¨v‡µv‡mw›UªK) I I
(†U‡jv‡mw›UªK) Aÿ‡ii g‡Zv †`Lvq|
➢ AcZ¨ †µv‡gv‡mvg¸‡jv †giæi KvQvKvwQ †cŠQv‡jB A¨vbv‡dR
Z_v MwZch©v‡qi mgvwß N‡U|
➢ Dw™¢‡`i †ÿ‡Î mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm nq G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjvg
†_‡K Avmv d«vM‡gvcøv÷ Ges ÿz`ª †fwmKj wgwjZ n‡q †Kvl‡cøU
ˆZix Kivi gva¨‡g|
➢ ‡Kvl‡cø‡Ui Dci †mjy‡jvR, †cKwUb Ges Ab¨vb¨ `ªe¨ Rgv n‡q
†Kvl cÖvPxi ˆZix K‡i|
➢ cÖvYxi †ÿ‡Î w¯úÛj h‡š¿i welyexq AÂj eivei †KvlwSwjøwU
M‡Z©i b¨vq †fZ‡ii w`‡K †XvKvi gva¨‡g mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm N‡U
GLv‡b †cÖvwUb actin I myosin mnvqZv K‡i|
➢ gy³ wbDwK¬qvi wefvRb †`Lv hvq → Wv‡ei cvwb‡Z GQvov wKQz
ˆkevj, QÎvK I cÖvbx‡Kv‡l&
➢ gy³ wbDwK¬qvi wefvRb nq Giƒc Dw™¢` †Kvl → wm‡bvmvBwUK
gy³ wbDwK¬qvi wefvRb nq Giƒc cÖvbx †Kvl → cøvR‡gvwWqvg|
➢ Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwm‡mi djvdj n‡jv wUDgvi I K¨vÝvi|
➢ P53 bvgK †cÖvwUb mvavibZ †Kvl‡K wefvRb n‡Z weiZ iv‡L|
GwU Defective n‡j †KvlPµ wbqš¿Y nvwi‡q †d‡j d‡j
K¨vÝvi nq|
➢ K¨vÝvi m„wó‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i Mutagens.
➢ wUDgvi m„wó nIqv n‡jv Oncogenesis.
➢ wUDgvi Qwo‡q cov n‡jv Metastasis.
➢ MI (Mitotic index) †_‡K Abygvb Ki‡Z cv‡ib wUDgvi KZ
ZvovZvwo e„w× cv‡e Ges Gi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi wUªU‡g›U cÖ‡qvRb|
D”P MI e‡j †`q GwU `ªæZ ea©bkxj wUDgvi|
➢ cywói Afve n‡j A_ev welv³ `ª‡e¨i Kvi‡Y †Kvl Necrosis
Dcv‡q g„Zz¨ N‡U|
➢ Apoptosis n‡jv †Kv‡li †R‡bwUK¨vwj wbqwš¿Z g„Zz¨| AwaKvsk
i³ †Kvl I A‡š¿i Gwc‡_wjqvg jvBwbs Gi †Kvl G Dcv‡q g„Zz¨
N‡U|
gv‡qvwmm †Kvl wefvRb
➢ gv‡qvwmm cÖwµqvq wbDwK¬qvm `yÕevi Ges †µv‡gv‡mvg GKevi
wef³ nq|
➢ ÷ªvmeyM©vi 1888 m‡b cy®úK Dw™¢‡`i Rbb gvZ…‡Kv‡li
†µv‡gv‡mv‡g n«vmg~jK wefvRb jÿ K‡ib|
➢ wb¤œ †kÖYxi n¨vcø‡qW Rx‡e gv‡qvwmm nq wb‡l‡Ki ci RvB‡Mv‡U
(2n)| Avi D”P †kÖwYi wWcø‡qW Rx‡e gv‡qvwmm nq wb‡l‡Ki
c~‡e© Rbb gvZ…‡Kvl n‡Z M¨vwgU m„wóKv‡j|
➢ me©cÖ_g n«vmg~jK wefvRb‡K Meiosis e‡jb dvg©vi I gyi
1905 m‡b|
➢ ‡nv‡gv‡jvMvm †µv‡gv‡mvg †Rvo †eu‡a evBf¨v‡j›U m„wó K‡i|
➢ gv‡qvwmm cÖwµqvq DNA Gi wØZ¡b nq †cÖv‡dR-1 Gi c~‡e©|
➢ gvby‡li ïµvkq G gv‡qvwUK †cÖv‡dR-1 G mgq jv‡M GK
mßvn| wefvRbwU m¤úbœ n‡Z mgq jv‡M cÖvq GK gvm|
➢ cÖvbx‡Kv‡l †j‡ÞvwUb Dc-ch©v‡q †m‡›Uªvwgqvi ¸‡jv mvavibZ
wbDwK¬qvi Gb‡fj‡ci mwbœK‡U GK ¯’v‡b G‡m R‡ov nIqvq
†µv‡gv‡mvg¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î dz‡ji †Rvovi g‡Zv †`Lvq|
cÖvYx‡Kv‡l †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †cvjvivBRW web¨vm N‡U|
➢ µwms Ifvi N‡U c¨vKvBwUb Dcch©v‡q|
➢ _gvm nv›U gM©vb 1909 mv‡j f‚Æv Dw™¢‡` cÖ_g µwms Ifvi
m¤ú‡K© avibv †`b|
‡Kvl wefvRb  Practice Content 10
➢ µwms Ifv‡i `ywU bb-wm÷vi †µvgvwUW GKB ¯’vb eivei †f‡O
hvq Endonuclease GbRvBg Gi Kvi‡b| c‡i cybivq †Rvov
jv‡M ligase GbRvB‡gi Kvi‡b|
➢ ‡cuqvR g~‡j 16wU †µv‡gv‡mvg _v‡K|
➢ wbDwK¬qvi Gb‡fjc Ges m¨vU †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †MŠb Kz‡b
wbDwK¬‡qvjv‡mi cybtAvwef©ve N‡U †U‡jv‡dR ch©v‡q|
➢ cÖvšÍxqKib I KvqvRgvi g‡a¨ jy‡ci m„wó †`Lv hvq wW‡cøvwUb
Dc-ch©v‡q|
➢ µwms Ifv‡ii d‡j gvZ… I wcZ… †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi g‡a¨ As‡ki
wewbgq N‡U Ges wRb web¨v‡mi cwieZ©b N‡U|
➢ gv‡qvwmm wefvR‡bi †gUv‡dR-G †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †m‡›Uªvwgqvi
Awef³ _v‡K| gvB‡Uvwmm wefvR‡b †gUv‡dR-G †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi
†m‡›Uvwgqvi wef³ _v‡K|
➢ Ulothrix, Spirogyra BZ¨vw`mn AwaKvsk _¨v‡jvdvB‡U
RvB‡Mv‡RwbK wg‡qvwmm N‡U|
➢ ‡µv‡gv‡mv‡gi µwmsIfvi †kl nIqv ch©šÍ mgms¯’
†µv‡gv‡RvgØq‡K Ave× K‡i iv‡L mvBb¨vc‡Uvwgbvj Kg‡cø·|