Q1.

This question is about the cell cycle.

(a) Chromosomes are copied during the cell cycle.

Where are chromosomes found?

Tick one box.

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Vacuole

(1)

(b) What is the name of a section of a chromosome that controls a characteristic?

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(1)

Figure 1 shows information about the cell cycle.

(c) Which stage of the cell cycle in Figure 1 takes the most time?

Tick one box.

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 Cell growth

Copying of chromosomes

Mitosis

(1)

(d) During mitosis cells need extra energy.

Which cell structures provide most of this energy?

Tick one box.

Chromosomes

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

(1)

(e) The cell cycle in Figure 1 takes two hours in total.

The cell growth stage takes 45 minutes.

Calculate the time taken for mitosis.

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Time = ____________________ minutes

(2)

Figure 2 shows some cells in different stages of the cell cycle.

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(f) Which cell is not dividing by mitosis

Tick one box.

(1)

(g) Cell E in Figure 2 contains 8 chromosomes.

Cell E divides by mitosis.

How many chromosomes will each new cell contain?

Tick one box.

16

(1)

(h) Why is mitosis important in living organisms?

Tick one box.

To produce gametes

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 To produce variation

To release energy

To repair tissues

(1)
(Total 9 marks)

Q2.
This question is about cell division.

(a) Which process makes two identical new body cells for growth and repair?

Tick (✓) one box.

Differentiation

Fertilisation

Mitosis

(1)

The chart shows the three stages of a cell cycle.

(b) Draw one line from each stage of the cell cycle to what happens during that stage.

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 (2)

(c) What percentage of the total time for the cell cycle is taken by stage 1?

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Percentage = _______________ %
(2)

(d) A cell divides to form two new cells every 24 hours.

How many days will it take for the original cell to divide into 8 cells?

Tick (✓) one box.

1 3 6 8

(1)

(e) The chromosomes contain the genetic material.

Name the chemical which the genetic material is made from.

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(1)

(f) The genetic material is made of many small sections.

Each section codes for a specific protein.

What is one section of genetic material on a chromosome called?

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 Tick (✓) one box.

A gamete

A gene

A nucleus

(1)

(g) Stem cells are cells which have not yet been specialised to carry out a particular
job.

Bone marrow cells are one example of stem cells.

Explain how a transplant of bone marrow cells can help to treat medical conditions.

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(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q3.
The diagram shows how an immature egg could be used either to produce cells to treat
some human diseases or to produce a baby.

Scientists may be allowed to use this technique to produce cells to treat some human
diseases, but not to produce babies.

Using information from the diagram, suggest an explanation for this.

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_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

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(Total 4 marks)

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Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) nucleus
1

(b) gene(s)
allow allele(s)
1

(c) copying of chromosomes

1

(d) mitochondria
1

(e) 60 − 45
or
120 − 105
1

15 (minutes)
1
an answer of 15 (minutes) scores 2 marks

(f) C
1

(g) 8
1

(h) to repair tissues

1
[9]

Q2.
(a) mitosis
1

(b) all lines correct = 2 marks

1 or 2 lines correct = 1 mark

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 additional line from a box on the left negates the credit for that box
2

(c)

70(%)
allow answer calculated from angle in range 250°
to 254°
if no other mark awarded, allow 0.7 for 1
1

(d) 3
1

(e) DNA
allow deoxyribonucleic acid for 1
1

(f) a gene
1

(g) (bone marrow) cells differentiate into many / other types of (named) cell
allow (bone marrow) cells can become many /
other types of (named) cell
1

(so) will cure diseases where new cells are needed

or will cure diseases where cells are damaged
allow (so) will cure anaemia / leukaemia or blood
cancer or blood disorders
allow (so) will cure paralysis / diabetes
1
[10]

Q3.
any four from:

• cells used to treat diseases do not go on to produce a baby

• produces identical cells for research

• cells would not be rejected

• allow cells can form different types of cells

• (immature) egg contains only genetic information / DNA /

genes / chromosomes from mother or there is only one parent

• asexual / no mixing of genetic material / no sperm involved /

no fertilisation or chemical causes development

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• baby is a clone

• reference to ethical / moral / religious issues

allow ethically wrong
NB cloning is illegal gains 2 marks
ignore unnatural

• risk of damage to the baby

in correct context
[4]

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