Chemistry MCQ BANK

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ABDUL MANAN
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CHEMISTRY PART 1
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
The number of atoms present in a molecule of a substance is called ________.
(A) Atomicity ®
(B) Volume
(C) Density
(D) Mass
Total number of atoms represented by compound CuSO4.5H2O is :
a. 27
b. 21 ®
c. 8
d. 5
There are three isotopes of Si. They have mass number of 28, 29 and 30. The average atomic mass of
silicon is 28.086 amu. What does this say about % abundance of isotopes?
a. Si-28 has greater % abundance ®
b. Si-29 has greater % abundance

c. Si-30 has greater % abundance
d. All have same % abundance
Average atomic mass is closer to the mass of Si-28 isotope so it will have greater % abundance
An element X has two isotopes X-35 and X-37 with average atomic mass 35.5 amu. Relative abundance
of both isotopes:
a. 50%, 50%
b. 25%, 75%
c. 75%, 25% ®
d. 40%, 60%
Average atomic mass is closer to mass of X-35. So X-35 will have greater % abundance. So the possible
answer from given options is option C
An element has two isotopes A-63 and A-64 with average atomic mass 63.5 amu. Relative abundance of
lighter isotope is :
a. 50%
b. 40%
c. 25%
d. 75%
relative atomic mass = 63.5. It is equally differ from 63 and 64 i.e 0.5 . So abundance of both isotopes
will be equal
What will be the Percentage abundance of each isotope of copper having mass numbers of 63 and 65
based on average atomic mass of 63.55amu?
a. 72.5% , 27.5%
b. 27.5%, 72.5%
c. 50%, 50%
d. 60%, 40%
As average atomic mass is closer to Cu-63 so it will have greater % abundance. From given options,
eliminate options B and C. Now to whether it is option A or option D, use equation: (x)(63) + (1-
x)(65) = 63.55 ----> 63x + 65 - 65x = 63.55 -2x = 63.55 - 65
----> -2x = - 1.45 ---> x = 0.725 × 100 = 72.5%(Cu-63) 100%-72.5% =
27.5%(Cu-65)
The natural isotopes of boron are B-10 and B-11. If boron has atomic mass is 10.81 amu, what will be
the % abundance of each isotope?
a. 50%, 50%
a. 20%, 80% ®
c. 80%, 20
d. 75%, 25%
As average atomic mass is closer to B-11 so it will have greater % abundance. From given options, only
option B have greater % of B-11 so it is the right answer. No need to calculate
Suppose an element has 3 isotopes X-18, X-19, X-20. Their relative abundances are 84%, 6% and 10%
respectively. What will be the supposed value of relative atomic mass of element?
a. 18.000
b. 19.000
c. 20.000
d. 13.000
No need to solve. Just see which isotope has greater percentage abundance. Relative atomic mass is
always closer to the isotope of greater abundance. Here X-18 has very high % abundance. So the
supposed value of relative atomic mass will be 18.000.
In chemical scale, the relative mass of isotopic mixture of oxygen atoms (O16, O17, O18) is assumed to
be equal to :
a. 16.002
b. 16.00 ®
c. 17.00
d. 11.00
% composition of O16 is much greater than O17 and O18 thats why mass of O16 is taken as relative
mass of isotopic mixture. % composition of O16 = 90% and % composition of O17 = 7%. % composition
of O18= 3%
Boron has two stable isotopes 10-B(19%) and 11-B(81%). The atomic mass that should appear for boron
in periodic table :
a. 10.8 ®
b. 10.2
c. 10.0
d. 11.2
No need to solve. Just see which isotope has greater abundance. Relative atomic mass is always closer
to that isotope which has greater abundance. B-11 has greater abundance. Its mean atomic mass of
Boron will be closer to the 11. From given options, option A is closer to B-11 so it is the right answer.
Atomic mass can never be greater than the mass of its isotope. You can calculate it by using formula :
Atomic mass = 10×19 + 11×81/100 = 1081/100
The relative atomic mass of chlorine is 35.5 . What is the mass of 2 mole of chlorine gas?
a. 142g ®
b. 35.5g
c. 71g
d. 18.75g
Which of the following elements has nine isotopes:
A) Ca
B) Pd
C) Cd ®
D) Sn
Silver has isotopes:
a. 9
b. 16 ®
c. 6
d. 18
Which of the following is not mono isotopic element?
a. F
b. Cl ®
c. I
d. Au
Out of 280 isotopes which occur in nature, tge radioactive iostopes are:
a. 116
b. 126
c. 30
d. 40 ®
Isotopes are sister atoms of same element with similar chemical properties but different :
a. Atomic number
b. Atomic volume
c. Atomic weight
d. Atomic structure
Isotopes have different atomic mass, number of neutron, radioactive properties, physical properties,
half life, stability
A solution used to absorb CO2 during combustion analysis is
A) Magnesium chlorate
B) magnesium perchlorate
C) Very dilute potassium hydroxide
D) 50% potassium hydroxide ®
The water formed in combustion analysis is absorbed by passing through the
solution of
A) Mg(ClO4)2 ®
B) 50% KOH
C) very dilute KOH
D) Mg(ClO3)2
_____ of a compound is the chemical formula indicating the relative number of atoms in the
simplest ratio.
(A) Empirical formula ®
(B) Molecular formula
(C) Empirical mass
(D) Molecular mass
The empirical formula of an acid is CH2O2, the probable molecular formula of acid may be
(A) CH2O
(B) CH2O2 ®
(C) C2H4O2
(D) C3H6O4
By knowing Emperical formula, what other information is also needed to calculate molecular formula of
a compound?
a. % composition
b. Density of a compound
c. Volume occupied
d. Relative molecular mass
Molecular formula = n × Emperical formula

n = relative molecular mass/Emperical formula mass
A compound has Emperical formula C3H3O and its molecular mass is 110. Its molecular formula :
a. C3H3O
b. C6H6O2
c. C9O3H9
d. C3H6O3
Emperical formula mass of C3H3O = 55amu

n = relative molecular mass/Emperical formula mass = 110/55 = 2
Molecular formula = n × Emperical formula = 2×C3H3O = C6H6O2
The gram molecule of benzene is equal to
(A) 70 g C6H6
(B) 72 g C6H6
(C) 10 g C6H6
(D) 78 g C6H6
Molecular formula of benzene is C6H6 ∴
Molecular mass = sum of atomic weight of all the atoms Molecular mass
= 12 × 6 + 6 × 1= 72 + 6 = 78 According to
Avogadro’s number, The gram molecules of benzene is equal to 78g of C6H6
The molecular mass of an organic compound is 78. Its empirical formula is CH. The molecular formula is
(A) C2H4
(B) C2H2
(C) C6H6
(D) C4H4
In C6H6, Total number of C = 12 × 6 = 72 and Total number of H = 1 × 6 = 6 ∴

Molecular mass = 78.
Two elements X (Atomic mass 75) and Y (Atomic mass 16) combine to give a compound having 75.8% X.
The formula of the compound is
(A) XY
(B) XY2 ®
(C) X2Y2
(D) X2Y3
% of X = 75.8 and % of Y = 100 – 75.8 = 24.2 Number of

moes = % composition/atomic mass 75.8/75 = 1. 01
moles of X and 24.2/16 = 1.5 moles of Y Simplest ratio 1:2
A compound made of two elements A and B are found to contain 25% A (Atomic mass 12.5) and 75% B
(Atomic mass 37.5). The simplest formula of the compound is
(A) AB ®
(B) AB2
(C) AB3
(D) A3B
Number of moles = % composition/atomic mass
25/12.5 = 2 moles of A and 75/37.5 = 2 moles of B Simplest
ratio 1 : 1
Which one of the following is the molecular formula of hydrocarbon which contains 80% by mass of
carbon and 20% by mass of hydrogen?
a. CH4
b. C2H6
c. C3H6
d. C2H4
Number of moles = % composition/atomic mass C=

88/12 = 6.66 moles and H = 20/1 = 20 moles Atomic
ratio = 6.66/6.66 : 20/6.66 = 1 : 3 Emperical
formula = CH3 and Molecular formula = C2H6
A compound (80 g) on analysis gave C = 24 g, H = 4 g, O = 32 g. Its empirical formula is
(A) C2H2O2
(B) C2H2O
(C) CH2O2
(D) CH2O
C = 24 g, H = 4 g, O = 32 g So, Molecular formula = C2H4O2 So, Empirical formula = CH2O
The volume occupied by 2.0 g of Ne at STP:
A) 2.24 dm³ ®
B) 22.4 dm³
C) 1.12 dm³
D) 112 cm³
1 mole of Neon = 20g = 22.4 dm³ so 2g of neon = 2.24 dm³

The mass of 112cm³ of CH4 gas as STP :
a. 0.16g
b. 0.8g
c. 0.08g ®
d. 1.6g
22400cm³ = 16g >>> 11200cm³ = 8g >>> 112cm³ = 0.08g
1L of a gas at STP weight 1.16g it can be possible :
a. C2H2 ®
b. CO
c. O2
d. CH4
1L weight = 1.16g >>> 22.4L weight = 22.4×1.16 = 26g
Under similar conditions, oxygen and nitrogen are taken in the same mass. The ratio of their volumes
will be_______.
(A) 7 : 8 ®
(B) 3 : 5
(C) 6 : 5
(D) 9 : 2
Nitrogen (14) : Oxygen (16) >>> 7 : 8
What will be the ratio of volumes of equal masses of O2, H2, CH4 kept in the same container under
same condition?
A. 2:16:2
B. 1:16:2
C. 2:16:1
D. 1:2:1
O2 : H2 : CH4 >>> 32 : 2 : 16 To equal masses (32)1 : (2)16 : (16)2 so ratio is 1:16:2
What is the ratio of volume of 1 g H2 to the volume of 16 g CH4 at S.T.P.?
A) 1 : 1
B) 1 : 2
C) 1 : 8
D) 2 : 1 ®
2g of H2 = 22.4 dm³ and 1g of H2 = 11.2 dm³ 16g of CH4 = 22.4 dm³
Which of the following reactions has the ratio of volumes of reacting gases and the product as 1:2:2?
(A) 2CO(g) + O2(g) ⎯→ 2CO2(g)
(B) O2(g) + 2H2(g) ⎯→ 2H2O(g) ®
(C) H2(g) + F2(g) ⎯→ 2HF(g)
(D) N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⎯→ 2NH3(g)
Volume occupied by 1 g molecular weight of any gas is called
(A) Gram molecular volume ®
(B) Gram atomic volume
(C) Gram molecular weight
(D) Gram atomic weight
The volume of oxygen required for complete combustion of 0.25 cm3 of CH4 at S.T.P is
(A) 0.25 cm3
(B) 0.5 cm3
(C) 0.75 cm3
(D) 1 cm3
CH4 + 2 O2 ⎯→ CO2 + 2H2O (1 vol.)

(2 vol.) (1 vol.) (2 vol.) 1 cm³
of CH4 gives 2 cm³ of O2 0.25
cm³ of CH4 gives 0.5 cm³ of O2
How many litres of ammonia will be formed when 2 L of N2 and 2 L of H2 are allowed to react?
(A) 0.665
(B) 1.0
(C) 4.00
(D) 1.33 ®
N2 + 3H2 --------> 2 NH3

(1L) (3L) (2L)
N2 : NH3 3H2 : 2 NH3
1L : 2L 3L : 2L
2L : 4L 2L : 2/3 × 2 = 1.33
Hydrogen is a limiting reactant because it is completely consumed and it limits the
reaction here
The number of molecules in 16 g of oxygen is
a. NA
b. NA/2 ®
c. 2 × NA
d. NA/4
Number of molecules in 32 oxygen = NA

How many molecules are present in one gram of hydrogen?
a. NA
b. NA/2 ®
c. 2 × NA
d. NA/4
2g of H2 = NA molecules
1g of H2 = NA/2 molecules
One mole of H2O corresponds to :
a. 22.4 L at 1 atm and 25°C
b. 18g ®
c. 1g
d. NA atoms of oxygen and NA atoms of hydrogen

One mole of water has 2 NA hydrogen atoms and 1NA oxygen atoms. One mole of H2O has
22.414 dm³ volume
What is the mass of 0.5 mole of ozone molecule?
(A) 8g m
(B) 16 g
(C) 24 g
(D) 48 g
1 mole of ozone(O3) = 48 g
0.5 mole of ozone(O3) = 0.5 × 48/1 = 24g
One mole of oxygen weighs______.
(A) 8g
(B) 32g ®
(C) 16g
(D) 6.023 × 10²³ g
Oxygen exists in molecular form. 16 would be the right answer if question was one mole of atom of
oxygen weigh
The number of atoms present in one mole of an element is equal toAvogadro number. Which of the
following element contains the greatest number of atoms?
(a) 4 g He
(b) 46 g Na
(c) 0.40 g Ca
(d) 12 g He ®
4g He = 4/4 = 1 mole 46g Na = 46/23 = 2 mole

0.4g Ca = 40/0.4 = 0.1 mole 12g He = 12/4 = 3 mole
Greater number of moles, greater will be the number of molecules
Which of the following contains more molecules?
(A) 1 g CO2
(B) 1 g N2
(C) 1 g H2 ®
(D) 1 g CH4
Greater the number of moles, Greater the number of molecules
The number of atoms in 100 amu of He (atomic mass 4amu)
(A) 50
(B) 100 × 6.022 × 10²³
(C) 25
(D) 100
Number of He atoms = number of amu/atomic mass = 100/4 = 25
The mass of 1 atom of hydrogen is
(A) 1 g
(B) 0.5 g
(C) 1.6 × 10-²⁴ g
(D) 3.2 × 10-²⁴ g
Mass of 6.02 × 10²³ atoms of hydrogen = 1g

Mass of 1 atom of hydrogen = 1/6.022 ×10²³ = 1.6 × 10-²⁴ g
If NA is Avogadro number then number of valence electron in 4.2g of N-³ ion
a. 2.4 NA
b. 4.2 NA
c. 1.6 NA
d. 3.2 NA
N-³ has 5+3=8 valence electrons 14g N-³ = 8 NA valence electrons 4.2g N-³
= 8NA×4.2/14 = 2.4 NA
What mass of CaO will be obtained by heating 3 mole of CaCO3 [Atomic mass of Ca = 40] ?
(A) 150 g
(B) 168 g
(C) 16.8 g
(D) 15 g
3CaCO2 ⎯→ 3CaO + 3CO2

Molecular mass of CaO is = 40 + 16 = 56
Mass of CaO formed = 3 × 56 = 168 g
Hydrogen reacts with nitrogen to form ammonia as: N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⎯→ 2NH3(g). The amount of
ammonia that would be produced if 200 g of H2 reacts with N2 is
(A) 1032.2 g
(B) 11332 g
(C) 1133.3 g
(D) 8692.6 g
N2 + 3H2 ⎯→ 2NH3
(28g) (6g) (34 g)
6 gms of H2 produces 34 gms NH3
200 gms of H2 produces 34×200/6= 1133.3 g
Amount of Zn required to produce 224ml of H2 at STP on treatment with dilute H2SO4 will be :
a. 6.5g
b. 0.65g
c. 65g
d. 0.065g
Zn + H2SO4 -----> ZnSO4 + H2

65g(1mol) of Zn gives 1mol of H2 = 22400mL so 0.65g of Zn gives 224mL of H2
12g Mg will react completely with HCl to give :
a. One mole of H2
b. 0.5 mole of H2 ®
c. 2/3 mole of O2
d. 0.5 mole of H2 and O2
Mg + 2HCl -----> MgCl2 + H2

(24g) -----> (2g)
(12g) -----> (1g)
Number of molecules in 1dm³ of water is :
a. 6.02 × 10²³
b. 18 × 6.02 × 10²³
c. 55.5 × 6.02 × 10²³ ®
d. 18/24 × 10²³
1000g water occupies 1dm³ volume

No. of molecules = m/m.m × NA = 1000/18 × NA = 55.5 × NA
In a sample of glucose, there are 3.6 × 10²⁴ atoms of carbon are present. Mass of glucose sample :
a. 180g ®
b. 360g
c. 3600g
d. 342g
1mole of glucose = 180g = NA glucose molecules

1 mole(180g) of glucose has 6 × NA carbon atoms
A mixture of 8g of H2 with 8g of O2 is iginited. What is the mass of water produce?
a. 9g ®
b. 36g
c. 16g
d. 72g
2 H2 + O2 --------> 2 H2O
H2 : H2O O2 : H2O
4g : 36g 32g : 36g
8g : 72g 8g : 9g
10g of CaCO3 is heated to produce CaO and CO2. The amount of CO2 produced is :
a. 44g
b. 4.4g
c. 22g
d. 2.2g
CaCO3 --------> CaO + CO2

(100g) (56g) (44g)
(10g) (5.6g) (4.4g)
27g Al will react completely with how much mass of O2 to produce Al2O3?
a. 8g
b. 32g
c. 16g
d. 24g
4Al + 3 O2 ---------> 2 Al2O3

(4mol) (3mol)
(1mol) (3/4mol)
(1mol) (0.75mol)
(27g) (24g)
One mole of CH3OH and one mole of C2H5OH have :
a. Equal number of electrons
b. Equal number of protons
c. Equal number of atoms
d. Equal number of molecules
1 mole of CH3OH = NA molecules and 1 mole of C2H5OH = NA molecules
One mole of H2O has how many moles of fundamental particles?
a. 28 moles ®
b. 18 moles
c. 26 moles
d. 20 moles
O has 8 protons, 8 electrons and 8 neutrons. Hydrogen has 1 electron and 1 proton. 2 hydrogens will
have 2 protons and 2 electrons. So total number of moles of fundamental particles are 28.
The molecular mass of hydrogen peroxide is 34. What is the unit of molecular mass?
(A) g
(B) mol
(C) g mol−1 ®
(D) mol g−1
10 dm³ of N2 gas and 10 dm³ of gas X at the same temperature contain the same number of molecules.
The gas X is
(A) CO
(B) CO2
(C) H2
(D) NO
Molecular mass of CO = 28 and Molecular mass of N2 = 28
A compound possesses 8% sulphur by mass. The least molecular mass is :
a. 100
b. 200
c. 400
d. 355
8g sulphur present in 100g of substance 32g

sulphur will present in 100/8 × 32 = 400g
Vapour density of a gas is 22. What is its molecular mass?
(A) 33
(B) 22
(C) 44 ®
(D) 11
V.D = molecular mass/2
_____ reactant is the reactant that reacts completely but limits further progress of the
reaction.
(A) Oxidizing
(B) Reducing
(C) Limiting ®
(D) Excess
_____ reactant is the reactant which is taken in excess than the limiting reactant.
(A) Oxidizing
(B) Reducing
(C) Limiting
(D) Excess ®
The limiting reagent in a chemical reaction is one that:
(a) has the largest molar mass (formula weight).
(b) has the smallest molar mass (formula weight).
(c) is consumed completely.®

(d) is in excess.
Carbon react with chlorine to form CCl4. 36g of carbon was mixed with 142g of Cl2 . The remaining mass
of excess reactant for completion of reaction :
a. 0g
b. 24g
c. 12g
d. 6g
C + 2Cl2 ------> CCl4 According to the reaction, 12g of carbon is reacting with 142g of Cl2 to produce
154g of CCl4 while 36g of carbon was taken. Its mean carbon is in excess and Cl is a limiting reactant.
Amount of C left = taken - used = 36-12 = 24g
8g oxygen reacts with 8g hydrogen to produce water. Which of the following is limiting reactant?
a. Oxygen
b. Hydrogen
c. Oxygen and Hydrogen
d. Oxygen or hydrogen
2 H2 + O2 ----------> 2 H2O
2 mol + 1 mol ----------> 2 mol
4g + 32g ----------> 36g
4g of hydrogen produce 36g water so 8g hydrogen will produce 72g water
32g oxygen produce 36g water so 8g oxygen will produce 9g water Limiting
reactant produce least amount of product so Oxygen is limiting reactant
5g of benzene on nitration gives 6.6g of nitrobenzene. Theoretical yield of nitrobenzene will be :
a. 4.5
b. 5.6
c. 8.09 ®
d. 6.6
C6H6 + HNO3 -----> C6H5NO2 + H2O
78g -----> 123g
5g -----> 123/78 × 5 = 7.88g
% yield = actual yield/theoretical yield × 100 = 6.6/7.8 ×100
With increase in temperature, which of these changes?
a. molality
b. fraction of solute present in water
c. weight fraction of solute
d. mole fraction Temperature

will affect the volume of solution. Suppose temperature increases, conce of water will decrease and in
result fraction of solute in water will increase(change)
Which of the following is affected by temperature change:
A) Molality
B) Molarity ®
C) Mole fraction
D) W/W %
Molarity of pure water is :
a. 1
b. 55.5 ®
c. 1000
d. 18
171g of sugar cane is dissolved in 1L of water. The Molarity of solution is :
a. 2M
b. 1M
c. 0.5M
d. 0.25M
Molarity = moles/Volume = 171g/342g×1L = 0.5M
The number of moles present in 2L of 0.5M NaOH is :
a. 0.5
b. 0.1
c. 1 ®
d. 2
Molarity = moles/Volume
How many grams of HCl will be present in 150ml of its 0.52 M solution :
a. 2.84 g
b. 5.70 g
c. 8.50 g
d. 3.65 g
M = moles/Volume = mass/m.mass×V mass of

solute = 36.5×0.52×0.15L = 2.84g
2 molar solution is obstaind when 0.5 mole solute is dissolved in :
a. 250ml solvent
b. 250g solvent
c. 250ml solution ®
d. 1000ml solvent
Molarity = moles of solute/volume of sol. in Litre

A solution of glucose is 10% W/V. The volume to which 1g mole of it dissolved will be:
A) 1 dm3
B) 1.8 dm3 ®
C) 200 cm3
D) 900 cm3
Molarity = %w/v × 10/m.mass >>> moles/V = %w/v × 10/m.mass V=

moles×m.mass/%×10 = 1×180/10×10 = 1.8dm³
The mass of urea required to prepare 1dm³ of 10% urea solution:
a. 90g
b. 180g
c. 100g
d. 45g
Molarity = %w/v × 10/m.mass >>> moles/V = %w/v × 10/m.mass Moles =

V × % × 10/m.mass >>> Mass/m.mass = V × % × 10/m.mass Mass = m.mass
× V × % × 10/m.mass = V × % × 10 = 1 × 10 × 10 = 100g
The density (in g mL-¹) of a 3.60 M sulphuric acid solution that is 29% H2SO4 (Molar mass = 98 g mol–1)
by mass will be:
a. 1.45
b. 1.64
c. 1.88
d. 1.22 ®
The relation between Molarity, M and mass percent (%) is given by: M = (% x 10 x d) / MW
Two glucose solutions are mixed. One has volume of 480mL and conc. of 1.50M and second solution has
volume of 520mL and conc. of 1.20M. The molarity of final solution:
a. 1.20M
b. 1.50M
c. 2.70M
d. 1.34M ®
M1V1 + M2V2 = M3V3 >>> 480×1.5 + 520×1.2 = 1000×V3
If 500 mL of a 5M solution is diluted to 1500 mL, what will be themolarity of the solution obtained?
(a) 1.5 M
(b) 1.66 M ®
(c) 0.017 M
(d) 1.59 M
M1 V1 = M2 V2 >>> 500×5 = 1500×M
If the concentration of glucose (C6 H12 O6) in blood is 0.9 g L-¹, what willbe the molarity of glucose in
blood?
(a) 5 M
(b) 50 M
(c) 0.005 M ®
(d) 0.5 M
In the given question, 0.9 g L-¹ means that 1000 mL (or 1L) solution contains 0.9 g of glucose No. of
moles = 0.9g/180g = 0.005 moles 1L
solution has 0.005 moles of glucose or Molarity is 0.005M
A molal solution is one that contains 1 mole of a solute in
(A) 1000 g of the solvent ®

(B) One litre of the solvent
(C) One litre of the solution
(D) 22.4 litres of the solution
Mole fraction is not affected by:
a. Temperature
b. Volume
c. Pressure
d. All of these ®
Mole fraction = moles of component/moles of all components
2 moles of N2 , 3 moles of H2 and 5 moles of O2 are present in a container, the mole fraction of oxygen
gas is :
a. 0.5
b. 1.0
c. 0.25
d. 0.75
Mole fraction of oxygen = 5/2+3+5 = 0.5
A solution contains three components x, y and z. Mole fraction of x and y are 0.3 and 0.4 respectively.
What is mole fraction of z component?
a. 0.1
b. 0.2
c. 0.3 ®
d. 0.4
Sum of mole fractions is unity >>> x + y + z = 1

z = 1 - x - y = 1 - 0.3 - 0.4 = 0.3
A 5.2 molal aqueous solution of methyl alcohol, CH3OH is supplied. What is the mole fraction of methyl
alcohol in the solution?
a. 0.050
b. 1.100
c. 0.190
d. 0.086
molality of aqueous solution = 5.2 mol kg-¹ Therefore, the number of moles of methyl alcohol in 1 kg of
solvent (water) = 5.2 mol And the number of moles of solvent (water) = weight / molar mass =
1000g/18g mol-¹ = 55.55 mol Mole fraction
of methyl alcohol = nMeOH/nMeOH + nwater = 5.2 / 55.55 + 5.2 = 0.08559
Mole fraction of solute in 1 molal aqueous solution :
a. 9
b. 0.03
c. 1.77
d. 0.017
1 molal solution contains 1 mole of solute in 1kg H20 No. of

moles of solute = 1 and No. of moles of solvent(H20) = 1000/18 = 55.55 Mole fraction =
moles of component/moles of all components or Mole fraction of solute = no. of moles of solute/no.
of moles of solute+no. of moles of solvent
The percentage composition of carbon in urea, [CO(NH2)2] is
(A) 40%
(B) 50%
(C) 20%
(D) 80%
% of C = m.mass of C/m.mass of urea × 100 = 12/60× 100 = 20 %

Percentage of nitrogen in urea is about
(A) 46 %
(B) 85 %
(C) 18 %
(D) 28 %
% of N in urea = 28/60× 100 = 46.6 %
What is the % of H2O in Fe(CNS)3⋅ 3H2O
(A) 45
(B) 30
(C) 19
(D) 25
% of H2O = 3×18/284× 100 = 19%
The percentage of oxygen in NaOH is
(A) 40 ®
(B) 60
(C) 8
(D) 10
% of oxygen = 16/40 = 40%
Percentage of oxygen in calcium carbonate is:
A) 40%
B) 48% ®
C) 12%
D) 165
% of oxygen = 48/100 × 100 = 48%
STATES OF MATTER
Gases are good conductor of electricity at:
A) Low temperature
B) Low pressure ®
C) High pressure
D) Low temperature and high pressure
In general, gases are very poor conductors of electricity at normal atmospheric pressure as they are
deficient of free electrons to carry the current. But when subjected to lower pressure and higher voltage,
gases can conduct electricity. So the required conditions need to be artificially created in a laboratory in
order for the gas to become a conductor of electricity.
One torr is equal to
a. One Pascal
b. One mm of Hg ®
c. 76cm of Hg
d. One atm
If absolute temperature of gas is reduced to ½ and pressure is doubled, the volume of gas will
A) Remains unchanged
B) Increase four times
C) Reduce to 1/4th ®
D) Be doubled
PV = nRT >>>> V = nRT/P
The value of universal gas constant R depends on
A) Temperature of gas
B) Number of moles of gas
C) Volume of gas
D) Units of volume and pressure ®
If V1 = 5 litres, P1 = 2 atm, P2 = 1 atm., T1 = 273°C, T2 = 0°C and V2 = ? in litre.
A) 5
B) 80
C) 125
D) 10
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 >>> 2×5/546 = 1×V2/273 >>> V2 = 2×5×273/546 = 5L
The volume of 2.8g of CO at 27°C and 0.0821 atm. is:
A) 30 dm³ ®
B) 3 dm³
C) 0.3 dm³
D) 1.5 dm³
PV = nRT [n=2.8/28=0.1] >>> V = nRT/P = 0.1×0.0821×300K/0.0821 = 30dm³

Which of the following is incorrect about evaporation?
A) It is a continuous process
B) It is a surface phenomena
C) It causes cooling
D) It is exothermic ®
Which of the following has greater vapour pressure?
a. 150cm³ ether ®
b. 50cm³ ethanol
c. 150cm³ water
d. 150cm³ ethanol
Vapour pressure of a substance depends upon temperature, strength of intermolecular forces, density
and size of molecules. It does not depend upon amount of liqued, volume of container and surface area
of liqued. Ethanol and water has H-bond and have greater boiling points so they have lesser vapour
pressure while ether has weaker forces and have greater vapour pressure
Vapour pressure of water at 100°C is:
A) 55 mm Hg
B) 760 mm Hg ®
C) 355 mm Hg
D) 1489 mm Hg
With the increase of carbon atoms in class of organic compounds, which property decreases?
A) Viscosity
B) Density
C) Melting point
D) Vapour pressure ®
As carbon number increases or chain length increases, intermolecular forces/polarizability increases

andd hence boiling point increases while vapour pressure decreases.
Ethylene glycol has less V.P than ethanol because:
A) Molecular mass
B) Size of molecule
C) H-bond ®
D) Ethylene less volatile than C2H5OH
of liqued.
Which has least vapour pressure?
a. Ethanol
b. Acetone
c. Acetic acid ®
d. Water
of liqued. Acetic acid has greater boiling point due to stronger intermolecular forces. Here acetone has
greatest vapour pressure because acetone(propanone) has dipole forces while remaining have H-
bonding
Which of the following molecules has minimum boiling point?
A) Water
B) Acetone
C) Ammonia ®
D) Ethyl alcohol
Water, Ammonia and ethyl alcohol has hydrogen bonding. While acetone(propanone) has dipole forces
but acetone has higher boiling point than ammonia. An exception because ammonia has very weak
hydrogen bonding. Water > ethyl alcohol > acetone > ammonia
Water boils at 120°C when external pressure :
a. 150mmHg
b. 700mmHg
c. 760mmHg
d. 1489mmHg®
Which shows a highest boiling point?
a. C2H6
b. C4H10
c. CH4
d. C6H14 ®
Greater the number of atoms in a molecule, greater is its polarizabiliy and hence stronger will be London
forces
Boiling point of propanone is greater than propane. This is because
A) Propanone has hydrogen bonding
B) Propanone has dipole forces ®
C) Propanone has ion dipole forces
D) Propanone has debye forces
Propanone(acetone) has dipole forces while propane has Vander Waal's forces
Hydrides of which one of the following group has relatively low boiling points?
A) IV-A ®
B) VI-A
C) V-A
D) VII-A
Intermolecular forces(s) responsible for the fact that CH4 has the lowest boiling point in the set " CH4,
SiH4, GeH4, SnH4" is/are
a. Mainly london dispersion forces but also dipole dipole interactions
b. Dipole dipole interactions
c. Mainly H-bond but also dipole dipole interactions
d. London dispersion forces ®
Trend of B.P b/w H20, C2H5OH, NH3, HF?
a. H2O > NH3 > C2H5OH > HF
b. H2O > C2H5OH > NH3 > HF
c. H2O > C2H5OH > HF > NH3 ®
d. H2O > HF > NH3 > C2H5OH
The lattice site in a pure crystal cannot be occupied by ......... .
(a) molecule
(b) ion
(c) electron
(d) atom
Each point in a lattice is known as lattice point which are either atom or molecule or ion which are
joined together by a straight line to bring out geometry of lattice in pure crystal constituents are
arranged in fixed stoichiometric ratio.Hence, existence of free electrons are not possible, it is possible on
in case of imperfection in solid.
Which is the example of crystalline solid
A) Glass
B) Rubber
C) Plastic
D) Quartz ®
LiF is a crystalline substance and has:
a. Metallic crystal
b. Ionic crystal ®
c. Covalent crystal
d. Molecular crystal
Structure of sodium chloride is :
a. Body centered cube
b. Face centered cube ®
c. Simple cube
d. Hexagonal
NaCl shows number of formula units per unit cell
A) 3
B) 5
C) 4 ®
D) 6
Coordination number of Na+ ion in NaCl is

a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 6 ®
In crystal of sodium chloride, a Cl- ion is present at corner of cube is shared between how many cubes?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8 ®
The overall structure of ice is just like that of a:
A) Graphite
B) Sugar
C) Tin
D) Diamond ®
Structure of ice crystal is :
a. Tetrahedral
b. Hexagonal ®
c. Tetragonal
d. Trigonal
Cystalline structure of ice is hexagonal while unit cell structure is tetrahedral.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
The electronic configuration of M+² is 2,8,14 amd its atomic weight is 56amu. The number of neutron in
its nuclei will be :
a. 30 ®
b. 28
c. 32
d. 34
Z for M+² = 2+8+14+2 = 26 >>> Neutron = A - Z = 56 - 26 = 30
Total number of d-electrons in an atom of atomic number 26 is:
(A) 4
(C) 5
(B) 6 ®
(D) 7
[Ar] 4s², 3d6
Number of protons, electrons and neutrons in a nucleus of atomic number 11 and mass number 24 are
a. 11, 13, 0
b. 11, 0, 13 ®
c. 24, 0, 11
d. 0, 13, 11
Atomic number = Number of protons . Nucleus does not have electrons

Number of neutron = A - Z
The number of electrons that can be accommodated in dxy orbital is
(A) 10
(B) 4
(C) 1
(D) 2 ®
An oribital can accommodate maximum 2 electrons
The number of electrons in the M shell of the element with atomic number 24 is
(A) 24
(B) 14
(C) 13 ®
(D) 8
[Ar] 4s², 3d⁴
K shell = 1s L shell = 2s, 2p M shell = 3s, 3p, 3d N shell = 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f
An atom has 2 K, 8 L, 11 M, 2 N electrons, the total number of s-electrons will be
(A) 6
(B) 8 ®
(C) 10
(D) 4.
K shell = 1s L shell = 2s, 2p M shell = 3s, 3p, 3d N shell = 4s
The atomic number of an element is 35. What is the total number of electrons present in all the p-
orbitals of the ground state atom of that element ?
(A) 6
(B) 11
(C) 17 ®
(D) 18
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p
A element M has an atomic mass 19 and atomic number 9. Its ion is represented by
(A) M+
(B) M2+
(C) M–
(D) M2
Z=9, thus the ground state electron configuration is 1s², 2s², 2p5 . It needs one more electron to attain
stable electron configuration of Ne. Thus, its ion is M−.
The maximum number of electrons in a subshell is given by the expression
(A) 4l - 2
(B) 4l + 2 ®
(C) 2l + 1
(D) 2n²
2n² = number of electrons in a shell/orbit

2l + 1 = number of orbitals in a subshell
2(2l+1) = number of electrons in a subshell
The maximum number of electrons in a subshell for which l = 3 is
(A) 14 ®
(B) 10
(C) 8
(D) 4
Number of electrons in subshell = 2(2l+1)
The total number of electrons present in any main energy level can be calculated from
(A) (2l + 1)
(B) 2n²®
(C) (2n+1)
(D)n2

Which of the following particles would, on losing an electron, have a half-filled set of p-orbitals?
(A) �−
(B) �− ®
(C) N
(D) �+
E.C of �− = 1s², 2s², 2p⁴ So it on losing an electron would have half filled p-orbital
The maximum number of electrons in a sub-shell with l = 3 is:
(A) 6
(B) 10
(C) 14 ®
(D) 18
Number of electrons in a subshell = 2(2l + 1)
When 6d orbital is complete, entering electron goes into:

(A) 7f
(B) 7s
(C) 7p ®
(D) 7d
6d = n+l = 8 7p = n+l = 8 7d = n+l = 9 7f = n+l = 10

Subshells are arranged in increasing order of n+l values and if any two subshells have same n+l
values then that subshell is placed first whose n value is smaller
Three dimensional space around nucleus where probability of finding electrons is maximum is called :
a. Orbit
b. Orbital ®
c. Nodal plane
d. Shell
An atom differs from its ion in which among the following ?
a) Mass number
b) Atomic number
c) Neutrons
d) Number of protons
An ion would have the same atomic number as its parent atom. Neutrons are found in the nucleus of
atom. They don't help in formation ions though. They are a constant for both atoms and ions.
Similarly,number of protons don't change during formation of ionsThe atoms differ with an ion in its
Mass number. since electrons have approximately zero mass an atom or an ion will have approximately
the same mass. Mass of an atom is determined by the protons and neutrons in the nucleus, which each
have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (or 1 gram per mole as the mole is defined). Like I said the mass of an
electron is approximately zero, however in reality it is 0.00055 atomic mass units at rest. So, if we’re
being super nitpicky an ion with more electrons (so a negative ion) will weight slightly more than a
neutral ion, while a positive ion (less electrons) will weigh slightly less.
Which subshell has greater energy :
a. 1s
b. 2s
c. 2p
d. 3s ®
Greater the n+l value greater will be the energy of subshell
The total number of orbitals in a shell with principal quantum number ‘n’ is
(A) 2n
(B) 2n²
(C) n² ®
(D) n + 1.

In a set of degenerate orbitals the electrons distribute themselves to retain similar spins as far as
possible. This statement is attributed to
(A) Pauli’s exclusion principle
(B) Aufbau principle
(C) Hund’s Rule ®
(D) Slater rules
Which shape is associated with the orbital designated by n = 2; l =1 ?
(A) spherical
(B) tetrahedral
(C) dumb-bell ®
(D) pyramidal
Given quantum number are indicating 2p oribital
The order of subshells with respect to the relative energies
(A) s > p > d > f
(B) s < p < d < f ®
(C) s > f > p > d
(D) s < p < f < d
s is more penetrating toward nucleus
Angle between px and py oribital :
a. 0°
b. 90° ®
c. 180°
d. 45°
Px, py and pz are perpendicular to each other
In absence of magnetic field, which p-orbital has greater energy?
a. 2px
b. 2pz
c. 3px ®
d. All have same energy
In absence of magnetic field, orbitals of same subshell has same energy. So 2px and 2pz have same
energy while energy of 3px is greater. Greater the n+l value greater will be the energy
In absence of magnetic field, which p-orbital has greater energy?

a. 2px
b. 2py
c. 2pz
d. All have equal energy ®
In absence of magnetic field, all three 3 p-orbitals have same energy and are called degenerate orbitals
Which p-orbital has greater size?
a. 2px
b. 3px
c. 4px ®
d. All have same size
With the increase of principal quantum number of the shell, size of orbital increase
Which d-orbital has 2 lobes?
a. dxy
b. dyz
c. dxz
d. dz² ®
Out of 5 d-orbitals, only dz² has two lobes while others have 4 lobes
Maximum no. of e- in 3f orbitals are?
a. 2
b. 6
c. 14
d. Not from given options ®

3f orbital is not possible
e/m value for positive x rays is maximum for :
a. Hydrogen ®
b. Helium
c. Oxygen
d. Nitrogen
Smaller the mass greater the e/m value
Maximum number of electrons that can be accomodated in any f-orbital :
a. 2 ®
b. 8
c. 14
d. 18
f-subshell - - - > 14 electrons
A proton is identical with:
a. Alpha particle
b. Beta particle
c. Ionized hydrogen atom ® H+
d. Ionized helium
Mass of proton is :
a. 1.0073 amu ®
b. 1.0087 amu
c. 5.4 × 10⁴ amu
d. 1.5 × 10-¹° kg
Heaviest particle among the following :
a. Proton
b. Electron
c. Neutron ®
d. Meson
Proton is 1836 times heavier than electron while neutron is 1840 times heavier than electron.
Charge on 1kg of electron :
a. 1.602 × 10*19 C
b. 1.602 × 10-19 C
c. 1.758 × 10-¹¹ C
d. 1.758 × 10¹¹ C ®
The e/m value of an electron is 1.758 × 10¹¹ C/kg
Which of the following species has configuration of neon?
a. K+
b. Ca+²
c. Cl-
d. F- ®
F has tendency to gain electron to gain electron configuration of nearst noble gas Neon gas
The iso-electronic species amongst the followings are

(A) Ne, K+, F-
(B) Ar, K+, Cl- ®
(C) Ar, K+, F-
(D) He, H-, Li
Ar has 18 electrons. Thus, the species isoelectronic with it will also have 18 electrons. Some of its
isoelectronic species are K+ (19-1=18), Cl- (17+1=18), Ca+² (20-2=18), S-² (16+2=18)
Electron is lighter than a neutron by how many times
(A) 1836
(B) 1840 ®
(C) 1700
(D) 3000
Electron is lighter than proton by 1836 times
Which one of the following has the same number of electrons as an alpha particle?
(A) H
(B) H2
(C) �+ ®
(D)He
Alpha particle (He+²) has no electron.
Which of the following formulae represents a particle with the composition 1 proton, 1 neutron and 2
electrons? (D represents deuterium)
(A) D
(B) �−
(C) �− ®
(D) He
Deutron has one proton, one electron and one neutron. �− is indicating gain of electron.
The ratio of e/m values of a proton and an α-particle is:
(A) 2 : 1 ®
(B) 1 : 2
(C) 1 : 1
(D) 1 : 4
For proton e = 1 , m = 1 e/m = 1 and for α-particle e = 2 , m = 4 e/m = ½
The electronic configuration of H- is:
(A) 1s°
(C) 1s² ®
(B) 1s¹
(D)1s², 2s¹
Octet rule is not followed in formation of :
a. NF3
b. CH4
c. CCl4
d. PCl5 ®
PCl5, PF5, BCl3, SF6 do not follow octet rule and hence octet could not be made universal
Number of electrons that are paired oxygen molecule
a. 12
b. 14 ®
c. 16
d. 8
14 paired electrons and 2 unpaired electrons
Ionization energy does not depend upon one of the following factor
A) atomic number
B) shielding effect
C) nuclear force
D) mass number ®
Atomic number (directly) Nuclear charge/Proton number(directly) Shielding effect(inversly) Nuture

of orbital(inversly) Atomic radius(inversly)
Which of the following electrons should have highest value of ionization energy (for same value of
principle quantum number)
a. s ®
b. p
c. d
d. f
s electrons are strongly bounded to nucleus so Large amount of energy is required for removal of
electron
Ionization potential is lowest for :
a. Alkali metals ®
b. Alkaline earth metals
c. Halogens
d. Inert gases
Lower the no. of valence electrons lower is the value of ionization potential
Which of the following element has lowest ionization potential?
a. Li ®
b. He
c. H
d. Fe
Li belongs to ist group(alkali). There is 1e- in valence shell
Elements having low ionization energy:
a. Metals ®
b. Non metals
c. Semi metals
d. Metalloids
They lose electron easily and form positive ion
Ionization energy is highest for:
a. Nobal gases ®
b. Transition elements
c. Platinum metal
d. Inner transition elements
Which of the following has highest first ionization energy?
a. B
b. K
c. Na
d. Kr ®
Because it is a noble gas
a. B
b. Li
c. Ne ® noble gas
d. F
Highest ionization energy stands for :
a. He ®
b. H
c. N
d. B
Ionization energy of boron is less than beryllium because
a. Boron has higher nuclear charge
b. Atomic size of boron is more than that Be
c. Boron has only one e- p-subshell ®
d. Atomic size of boron is less than that of Be
the first ionization energy of beryllium is greater than that of boron because beryllium has a stable
complete electronic configuration (1s², 2s²) so it requires more energy to remove the first electron from
it. Electronic configuration of boron is 1s², 2s², 2p¹ Ionization energies of
III-A and VI-A show abnormal trend
Highest energy will be absorbed to eject out e- in configuration
a. 1s² 2s² 2p¹
b. 1s² 2s² 2p³ ®
c. 1s² 2s² 2p²
d. 1s² 2s² 2p⁴
Due to high stability of half filled p orbital
In which of the following process highest energy is absorbed
a. Li ----> Li+
b. Cu ----> Cu+
c. Br ----> Br-
d. I ----> I-
In option c and d, energy is releasing(electron affinity). Cu has completely filled d orbital so highest
energy is absorbed during conversion. Moreover, alkali metals have very low ionization energy.
The first ionization potential of Na, Mg, Al and Si
a. Na < Mg > Al < Si ®
b. Na > Mg > Al > Si
c. Na < Mg < Al > Si
d. Na > Mg > Al < Si
Ionization energy increases from left to right in period. Ionization energies of III-A [Al] and VI-A show
abnormal trend
How many ionization energies can carbon have?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4 ®
d. 6
Carbon has 4e- in its valence shell so it can lose 4 electrons
Which of the following gaseous atom has highest ionization energy?
a. P ®
b. Si
c. Mg
d. Al
P belongs to group having nitrogen means P has Stable half filled configuration. Further Ionization
energy increases from left to right in period.
Which ionization potential in the following equations involve greatest amount of energy?
a. Na -----> Na+ + 1e-
b. K+ -----> K+² + 1e- ®
c. C+² -----> C+³ + 1e-
d. Ca+ -----> Ca+² + 1e-
K on losing 1 electron gains electronic configuration of Argon(noble gas). Now Electron has to be
removed from stable configuration. C+² = Be . Now compare ionization energy of C+² with Noble gas
configuration (K+). In mcqs, whenever you see noble gas, mark that option without any hesitation.
Noble gases have very high ionization energies due to stable configuration.
First Ionization energy of Potassium is :
a. 419 kj/mol ®
b. -349 kj/mol
c. 721 kj/mol
d. 1870 kj/mol
Lattice energy of KCl is :
a. 720 kj/mol
b. 690 kj/mol ®
c. 1265 kj/mol
d. 1768 kj/mol
Which of the following has maximum ionization potential?
a. Na
b. Mg ®
c. Al
d. K
abnormal trend.
First four ionization potential values of an element are 191, 578, 872 and 5962 kcal. The number of
valence electrons in element are:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3 ®
d. 4
Larger gap between 3rd and 4th ionization energies. Since 4th I.E is very high. Thus electron is to be
removed from stable configuration
Which of the following elements have lowest Ionization potential?
a. N
b. O ®
c. F
d. Ne
Ionization energy increases from left to right in period. Ionization energies of III-A and VI-A [O] show
abnormal trend.
a. B ®
b. C
c. N
d. O
Ionization potential increases across the period
Which of the following has highest ionization energy?
a. N ®
b. O
c. S
d. P
abnormal trend.
What is the correct order of ist ionization energy of C, N and O?
a. C > N > O
b. C < N < O
c. C < N > O ®
d. N > O > C
abnormal trend
Which has the highest second ionization potential?
a. C
b. N
c. O ®
d. F
After removal of 1 electron, oxygen attains configuration of nitrogen (half filled p orbital)
.................... is index to metallic character
a. Ionization energy ®
b. Electron affinity
c. Electronegetivity
d. Shielding effect
Elements having low ionization energy are metals. Elements having high ionization energies are non
metals while which have intermediate values are metalloids.
Chlorine has how many sheilding electrons?
a. 2
b. 8
c. 10 ®
d. 7
Shielding electrons = Total electrons - Valence electrons
Measure of attraction of nucleus of an atom for extra electron is called :
a. Ionization energy
b. Electron affinity ®
d. SHielding effect
Electron affinity for noble gases
a. Zero ®
b. High
c. Positive
d. Negative
Stable electronic configuration and nucleus does not show attraction for extra electron
Electron affinity depends upon
a. Nuclear charge
b. Atomic number
c. Atomic size
d. Atomic size and nuclear charge ®
Electron affinity is lowest for :
a. Alkali metals ®
c. Halogens
d. Oxygen family
Atomic radius decreases from left to right due to increase in nuclear charge. Thus electron affinity
increases from left to right. Thats why alkali metals have loewst and halogens have highest electron
affinity
Correct order or electron affinity of B, C, N, O?
a. B > C > N > O

b. B < C < N < O
c. O > C > B > N ®
d. O > B > C > N
E.A increases from Left to right but elements belong to V-A group[N] has low electron affinity generally
considered zero because they have stable configuration(half filled p orbital) so they do not gain electron
because if they do so them become unstale. VI > IV > III > V
Which one has least electron affinity?
a. Oxygen
b. Nitrogen ®
c. Carbon
d. Boron
Which one has maximum Electron affinity?
a. B
b. N
c. Be
d. Cl ®
Halogens have maximum E.A due to their smaller size
Electron affinities of halogens are F = 322, Cl = 349, Br = 324 and I = 295kj/mol. The higher value for Cl
as compared to F is :
a. Weaker electron-electron repulsion in Cl ®
b. Smaller electronegativity of F
c. Higher atomic radius of F
d. More vacant p-subshell in Cl

Smaller radius of F and its high charge density makes its Electron affinity low. Size of fluorine atom is
very small as compared to chlorine atom and due to its small size there are strong inner repulsions
among valence electrons and so the outer electron doesnot feel the attraction from the nucleus. So
electron affinity of fluorine is less than that of chlorine.
In which of the following pairs of element, ist element of the pair has greater electron affinity
a. B, Al
b. N, P
c. S, O ®
d. F, Cl
As we move down a group from top to bottom electron Affinity becomes less negative because size of
atom increases . But Electron Affinity for third period elements i.e ( Al, P , S , Cl ) is more negative than
the second period elements i.e (B, N , O, F ) , This due to smaller size of the atoms of second period
elements which produce larger electron repulsion for addition of electron. Electron affinity and
ionization energy have opposite trend in 2nd and 3rd period
Which element has maximum electron affinity?
a. F
b. Cl ®
c. Br
d. I
a. Na
b. Mg
c. Al
d. Si ®
Electron affinity increases across periods. but elements belong to V-A[Si] group has low electron affinity
generally considered zero because they have stable configuration(half filled p orbital) so they do not
gain electron because if they do so them become unstale
Which of the following has highest electron affinity?
a. O
b. O-
c. F-
d. Na
F- is already negatively charged and its octet is complete hence it is neutral, so eliminate that Na is
electropositive instead of accepting it will lose electrons, hence it is no incentive to add electrons,
eliminate this too Now between O and O-,O has the highest affinity towards electrons than O-. As the
size of atom decreases, a larger amount of energy is released when an elctrn is added to an isolated
gaseous atom. Among the given species, the size of O atom is smallest (Since, size of parent atom is
smaller as compared to its anion), thus its elctrn affinity is highest. Hence O is the correct answer.
Abdul Manan
CHEMICAL BONDING
London dispersion forces are significant for :
a. Polar molecules
b. Non polar molecules ®
c. Ionic solids
d. Metals
London dispersion forces can be present in both polar amd non polar molecules but significantly present
in non polar molecules. For example HCl is polar and has london disperson forces and dipole dipole
forces. He is non polar and has only london dispersion forces
Boiling point of higher alkanes are greater than those of lower alkanes due to the reason that:
a. Higher alkanes have greater no. of atoms
b. Polarizability of higher alkanes are greater ®
c. Higher alkanes have zigzag structure
d. Higher alkanes have greater H-bonding
In solid iodine, the distance between molecules of I2 is greater than gaseous I-I bond due to:
a. Strong forces
b. Weak forces
c. Rigidity
d. Polarizability ®
In the following metals which one has lowest probable interatomic forces?
a. Cu
b. Zn
c. Hg ®
d. Ag
Because mercury exist in liqued state its mean mercury has weaker forces
In solid Argon, atoms are held together by
a. Ionic bonds
b. Hydrogen bonds
c. Vander waal' forces ®
d. Hydrophobic forces
Noble gases have Vander waal forces and they are non polar
Which of the following exhibits weakest intermolecular forces?
a. He ®
b. HCl
c. NH3
d. H2O
Generally zero group elements have vander waal forces
Which of the following have stronger london dispersion forces?
a. He
b. CH4
c. CH3CH3
d. All have same strengths
All molecules are non polar and have only london dispersion forces. Determine number of electrons per
unit. Greater the electrons per unit, greater the strength of london dispersion forces. He has 2e- per unit.
CH4 has 10e- per unit. CH3CH3 has 18e- per unit
Consider the substances Cl2, HCl, F2, and NaF, Which one has a (normal) boiling point closest to that of
argon?
a. Cl2
b. F2
c. HCl
d. NaF
Recognize that the most similar boiling points are predicted to be in the two substances that have the
most similar interparticle forces. Ion-ion forces are typically greater than any set of IM forces so NaF
should have a very high boiling point due to the ion-ion forces holding its “units” together. Its mean NaF
cannot be the right answer We know that noble gases have only london dispersion forces. Its mean that
answer(non polar molecule) would be right that also have only london dispersion forces. HCl have
london dispersion forces+ dipole dipole forces. Its mean it cannot be the right answer. Cl2 and F2 both
are non polar and have only London dispersion forces. Now check number of electrons per unit. London
forces will be stronger for more electrons/molecule. Ar and F2 have same number of electrons (18 e-).
Cl2 should have stronger IM forces than Ar or F2 because Cl2 have 34 electrons per unit
Which of the following would have highest boiling point at 1 atm pressure?
a. He
b. NaF ®
c. CH3OH
d. CH3CH3
Stronger the intermolecular forces, greater will be the boiling point. He and CH3CH3 have london
dispersion forces. CH3OH have hydrogen bonding. NaF have ion ion forces which are stonger than other
intermolecular forces
Which of the following would have highest vapour pressure at some hypothetical temperature?
a. He ®
b. NaF
c. CH3OH
d. CH3CH3
Weaker the strength of intermolecular forces, greater will be the vapour pressure. He and CH3CH3 have
london dispersion forces. He has weaker london dispersion forces as compared to CH3CH3 because He
has less number of electrons per unit. CH3OH have hydrogen bonding. NaF have ion ion forces which are
stonger than other intermolecular forces
Strength of H-bond is intermediate between
a. Vander waal and covalent ®
b. Ionic and covalent

c. Ionic and metallic
d. Metallic and covalent
Which is the weakest among the following types of bond?
a. Ionic bond
b. Metallic bond
c. Covalent bond
d. H-bond ®
Because it is formed due to inter atomic interaction. Vande waal < Dipole-dipole forces <H - bonding <
covalent < ionic < metallic
Which bond is responsible for maximum value of hydrogen bonding?
a. O-H
b. N-H
c. F-H ®
d. S-H
Due to greater electronegetivity difference
In which of the following boiling point is highest?
a. HF ®
b. HCl
c. HBr
d. HI
Due to hydrogen bonding
Contrary to other hydrogen halides, hydrogen fluoride is liqued because

a. Size of F atom is small
b. HF is weak acid
c. HF molecule are H-bonded ®
d. Flurine is highly reactive
Which concept best explains that o-nitrophenol is more volatile than o-nitrophenol
a. Resonance
b. Hyper conjunction
c. Steric hinderence
d. Hydrogen bonding ®
o-nitrophenol has intramolecular hydrogen bonding while P-nitrophenol has intermolecular hydrogen
bonding so boiling point of p-nitrophenol is more
Which among the following does not show hydrogen bonding?
a. Chloroform
b. Ethyl alcohol
c. Acetic acid
d. Ethyl ether ®
Acetic acid exists as dimer in benzene due to
a. Condensation reaction
b. Hydrogen bonding ®
c. Presence of carboxyl group
d. Presence of H atom at alpha carbon
The bond that determines secondary structure of protein?
a. Covalent
b. Coordinate
c. Hydrogen ®
d. Ionic
The maximum possible number of hydrogen bonds in which an H2O molecule can participate :
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4 ®
Two by lone pair of oxygen and two by hydrogen atoms
Number of H - bond form by unpaired electrons of liquid NH3 , H2O and HF respectively are
(a) 3, 4, 2
(b) 4, 4, 2
(c) 3, 2, 1
(d) 1, 2, 1 ®
In Water oxygen atom has two lone pairs and two hydrogen atoms, meaning that the total number of
hydrogen bonds of a water molecule is up to four. In HF, each molecule has one δ+ hydrogen and three
active lone pairs. In the liquid as a whole, there are therefore three times as many lone pairs are there
are δ+ hydrogens. On average, then, each molecule can only form one hydrogen bond using its δ+
hydrogen and one involving one of its lone pairs. The other lone pairs are essentially wasted. Each
ammonia molecule can form one hydrogen bond using its lone pair and one involving one of its δ+
hydrogens. The other hydrogens are wasted.
Hydrogen bond is strongest in
a. H2O
b. HF ®
c. NH3
d. Acetic acid
H-bonds are maximum in number in water but their strength is weaker than H-bond in HF due to greater
E.N difference in HF
H-bonding is maximum in:
a. C6H5OH
b. C6H5COOH ®
c. CH3CH2OH
d. CH3COCH3
Due to greater resonance stablization. You will study in phenol topic.
What type of forces exist between CHCl3 molecules?
a. Intermolecular H-boding
b. Induced dipole
c. Permanent dipole
d. Debye
The force of attraction between CHCI3 molecules is permanent dipole due to being permanently polar
(due to having greater electro negativity difference), This is the reason why it exists as a liquid and
ofcourse London dispersion forces also present. Basically london dispersion forces are present in all
molecules whether they are polar or non polar
Acetone and chloroform are soluble in each other due to :
a. Intermolecular Hydrogen bonding ®
b. Dipole induced dipole interaction
c. Debye forces
d. Instanteneous dipole
Chloroform has which type of forces?
a. H-bonding
b. Dipole dipole forces ®
c. Ion dipole forces
d. Induced dipole forces
Chloroform and acetone have significantly dipole dipole forces and of course London dispersion forces
are also present. But they are soluble in each other due to formation of hydrogen bond between them
DNA has two spiral chains. They are linked through H-bonding which is dominant between
a. C and H
b. O and H ®
c. N and H
d. N and O
Which has weakest bond?
a. Diomond
b. Ice
c. KCl
d. Neon(solid) ®
Bonds present in CuSO4.5 H20
a. Electrovalent and covalent
b. Electrovalent and coordinate
c. Electrovalent, covalent, coordinate, hydrogen®
d. Covalent, coordinate covalent and hydrogen

Electrovalent bond bewteen Cu+² and SO4. One Covalent bond between S and O. Three Coordinate
covalent bond between S and O. Hydrogen bond in water
Which of the following compounds has an ionic, covalent and coordinate covalent bonds?
a. H2O
b. NH3
c. KBr
d. NH4Cl ®
Ionic bond between NH4+ and Cl-. Covalent between N and H to form NH3. Dative between NH3 and H+
to form NH4+
Both ionic and covalent bond are present in:
a. NaOH ®
b. KCl
c. CH4
d. SO2
Covalent bond is present between O-H and ionic bond is present between Na+ and OH-. KCl has ionic
bond. CH4 has London dispersion forces. SO2 is an angular molecule and hence polar, dipole-dipole
interactions work between its molecules along with London Dispersion Forces
Number of ionic, covalent and coordinate covalent bond in NH4Cl respectively
a. 1, 3, 1 ®
b. 1, 3, 2
c. 1, 2, 3
d. 1, 1, 3
Ionic bond between NH4+ and Cl- Covalent bond between N and 3 H Coordinate
covalent between N and H
In hydronium ion, each bond shares
a. 33% coordinate covalent , 66% covalent bond ®
b. 66% coordinate covalent , 33% covalent bond
c. 50% coordinate covalent , 50% covalent bond
d. 100% coordinate covalent
In which of the following the central atom form coordinate covalent bond:
a. BeCl2 ®
b. SiCl4
c. NCl3
d. CCl4
BeCl2 has linear structure and has polar covalant bond. In the solid, the BeCl2 molecules polymerise to
make long chains. They do this by forming coordinate bonds (dative covalent bonds) between lone pairs
on chlorine atoms and adjacent beryllium atoms
No. of coordinate covalent bonds in nitric acid?
a. 1 ®
b. 2
c. 3
d. No coordinate covalent bonds in ntric acid
HNO3 has 1 coordinate covalent bond. Number of coordinate covalent bond in HClO2, HClO3, HClO4 are
1, 2 and 3 respectively between chlorine and oxygen. Number of coordinate covalent bonds is
determined by drawing dot and cross structure. Questions are given in your textbook exercise. I have
mentioned number of coordinate covalent bonds in compounds above as they are written in topic '
coordinate covalent bond'
Which of the following compound does not possesses coordinate covalent bond ?
(a) CO
(b) SO3
(c) HNO2 ®
(d) HNO3
H-O-N=O . CO and HNO3 have one one coordinate covalent bond. SO3 has two coordinate covalent
bond
Which one of the following is an oxonium ion?
a. Hydronium ion ®
b. Ammonium ion
c. Phosphonium ion
d. Carbonium ion
Any oxygen cation with three bonds called oxonium ion. H2O + H+ ------> H3O+
Which one has low melting point
a. HF
b. HCl ®
c. CsF
d. LiF
Has weak covalent bond
If ∆�� of two bonded atom is equal to 1.7 then bond is:
(A) Polar covalent
(B) 100% covalent
(C) 100% ionic
(D) 50% ionic and 50% covalent ®

Which of the following is ionic ?
(a) HCl
(b) CHCl3
(c) IF5
(d) KI
Electronegative difference in KI is more. Remainings have covalent bonds. HCl has polar covalent bond.
CHCl3 has polar covalent bond. IF5 has polar covalent.
Which of the following ionic compound is a weak ionic compound?
a. NaCl
b. KCl
c. CaS ®
d. CsF
Lesser the E.N difference weaker will be the ionic compound NaCl,
KCl, CsF >>>> ionic bond between I-A and VII-A CaS >>>> ionic
bond between II-A and VI-A
3 and 6 electrons are present in valence shell of A and B respectively. The chemical formula of
compound :
a. A3B2
b. A2B3 ®
c. A2B
d. AB2
A2B3 A ----> A+³ B + 2e¯ ----> B¯² . Example Al2O3
Which of the following molecules is nonpolar but has polar covalent bonds?
a. N2
c. H2O
b. H2O2
d. CCl4
In CCl4, C-Cl bond is polar due to E.N difference but C-Cl dipoles cancel each other so it is non polar
molecules. Similar is the case with CO2 which has C=O polar bond but molecule is non polar because
linear dipoles cancel each others. H2O2 has both polar and non polar bonds. N2 is a non polar molecule
and also have non polar covalent bond.
Which of the following molecule possesses polar and nonpolar covalent bond ?
(a) NH4Cl
(b) CCl4
(c) H2O2
(d) HCN
In H2O2 O-H polar and O-O non polar. CCl4 has only polar covalent bond. NH4Cl possess ionic,
covalent, dative bond.
Which of the following molecules is polar?
a. CO2
b. BF3
c. CH4
d. CH3F ®
CO2 has polar C=O bond but molecule is non polar. CH4 is non polar. BF3 is non polar because it is
symmetrical and dipoles cancel each other. CH3Cl is a polar molecule due to the presence of a very
electronegative fluorine (3.98) as one of the outer atoms which pulls electrons towards it inducing a
partial negative charge.
Which among the following formation is not an example of Covalent bond?
a) LiF
b) NH3
c) CF4
d) HF
LiF (Lithium Fluoride) is an example of Ionic bond, as the formation takes place by transfer of electrons
and not by sharing.
N2 molecule is chemically inert because of
a. More number of electrons in bonding orbitals
b. Absence of bond polarity ®
c. Lone bond energy
d. Uneven electron distribution
Both nitrogen atoms have same electronegetivity in nitrogen molecule. It has an even charge
distribution between two nitrogen atoms. so it has zero polarity hence less tendency to break away and
form ions
Nitrogen is less reactive due to
a. High electro-negativity
b. Stable electronic configuration
c. High dissociation energy ®
d. Small atomic radii
Bond angle in PH3 would be expected close to
a. 90° ®
b. 105°
c. 109°
d. 120°
Which has least bond angle?
a. CH4
b. H2O
c. NH3
d. BeF2
CH4 (109.5°) , H2O (104.5°) , NH3 (107.5°) , BeF2 (180°)
Which of the following molecule has one lone pair on central atom?
a. H2O
b. NH3 ®
c. CH4
d. PCl5
NH3, NF3, PH3 have 1 lone pair on central atom
In which of the following angle between two covalent bonds is greatest?
a. CO2 ®
b. CH4
c. NH3
d. H2O
CH4 (109.5°) , H2O (104.5°) , NH3 (107.5°) , CO2 (180°)
Which of the following molecules does not have a linear arrangement?
a. H2S ®
b. CO2
c. C2H2
d. BeH2
H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te have similar geometry (bent or angular) and have 2 lone pairs+2 bond pairs
A molecule with two bond pairs and two lone pairs will have geometry:
(A) Tetrahedral
(B) Trional plannar
(C) Bent ®
(D) Trigonal pyramidal
BCl3 is planar while NCl3 is pyramidal because
a. BCl3 has no lone pair but NCl3 has a lone pair ®
b. B-Cl bond is more polar than N-Cl
c. N atom is smaller than B
d. N-Cl bond is more covalent than B-Cl
Hydrides of III-A (AlH3, GaH3, InH3, TIH3) and halides of III-A (BCl3, BF3, AlCl3, AlF3 etc) have trigonal
planae geometry and have no lone pair+ 3 bond pairs. while NH3, NCl3, NF3, PH3 have trigonal
pyramidal geometry and have one lone pair+3 bond pairs
Central atom of the following has one lone pair and 3 bond pairs of electrons?
a. NH3 ®
b. AlCl3
c. BF3
d. H2S
planae geometry and have no lone pair+ 3 bond pairs. while NH3, NCl3, NF3, PH3 have trigonal
pyramidal geometry and have one lone pair+3 bond pairs. H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te have similar geometry
(bent or angular) and have 2 lone pairs+2 bond pairs
Which of the statement is correct about the shape of NH3 molecule
A) Square planer
B) Angular
C) Pyramidal ®
D) Tetrahedral
Which of the following has no lone pair on central atom?
a. NH3
b. PH3
c. BF3 ®
d. PCl3
planar geometry and have no lone pair+ 3 bond pairs. while NH3, NCl3, NF3, PH3 have trigonal
pyramidal geometry and have one lone pair+3 bond pairs
In which molecule, all atoms are coplanar?
(A) CH4
(B) BF3 ®
(C) NH3
(D) PH3
planar geometry and have no lone pair+ 3 bond pairs.
Which of the molecules show bent shaped structure?
A) CCl4
B) NH3
C) BF3
D) H2O ®
Which has greater bond angle?
A) HgCl2 ®
B) NH3
C) BF3
D) H2O
H2O (104.5°) , NH3 (107.5°) , BF3 (120°) , HgCl2 (180°) , BeCl2 (180°)
Which of the following molecule has lowest bond space angle ?
(a) NH3
(b) SO2
(c) H2O
(d) H2S ®
H2O (104.5°) , NH3 (107.5°) , H2S (92°) , SO2 (119°)
Which of the following molecule belong to four electron pair system?
A) MgCl2
B) BF4- ®
C) AlCl3
D) PCl5
MgCl2 (2e- pair system/AB2) , AlCl3 (3e- pair system/AB3) , BF4- (4e- pair system/AB4)
Which has the minimum bond angle:
(A) H2O
(B) H2S ®
(C) NH3
(D) NF3
H20 (104.5°) , H2S (92°) , NH3 (107.5°) , NF3 (102°)
Maximum bond angle can be reduced by replacing the ‘H’ in SbH3 with:
(A) O
(B) F ®
(C) Cl
(D) N
Substitution of hydrogen with electronegative atoms like F, Cl reduces bond angle. NH3 (107.5°) NF3
(102°). Hydrides of V-A (NH3, PH3, AsH3 , SbH3 , BiH3) have same geometry "trigonal pyramidal". The
bond pair in NH3 is close to N in N-H bond than the bond pair in P-H bond in PH3 . This is because the
size of the nitrogen is small than phosphorus . As a result , the force of repulsion between the bonded
pair of electrons in PH3 is more than in NH3 . Therefore the bond angle in PH3 molecule lesser than in
NH3 .
92° bond angle is present in:
(A) CH4
(B) H2O
(C) NH3
(D) H2S ®
�� has similar geometry with:
(A) SnCl2
(B) CS2
(C) ��2
(D) H2O ®
Lateral overlapping is expected in:
(A) �- bond
(B) � - bond ®
(C) Ionic bond
(D) Metallic bond
How many sigma bond’s are present in HCN molecule?
(A )2 ®
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
Total number of bonds in C2H4 :
a. 6 ®
b. 4
c. 5
d. 8
Bond energy depends upon the following factors execpt:
(A) Bond length
(B) Electronegativity
(C) Sizes of the bonded atoms
(D) Atomic number of atoms ®
Bond length (inversly), E.N difference (directly), size of bonded atoms (directly)
Which of the following bonds has the highest bond energy?
a. N - O
c. N - Br
b. N - F ®
d. N - Cl
For Bond having two different elements , see their electronegativity difference. Greater the
electronegativity difference, greater the bond energy. For bond having same elements, see their sizes.
Greater the size of bonded atoms or atomic radii, greater the bond energy
Which of the following bonds has the highest bond energy?
a. H-H ®
b. C-C
c. N-N
d. O-O
For Bond having two different elements, see their electronegativity difference. Greater the
electronegativity difference, greater the bond energy. For bond having same atoms, see their sizes.
Greater the size of bonded atoms or atomic radii greater the bond energy. H-H > C-C > N-N > O-O
Which of the following has highest polarity?
a. HF ®
b. HCl
c. HBr
d. HI
Greater the E.N difference, greater is the polarity
Bond length is minimum in:
(A) HCl
(B) NH3
(C) H2O
(D) HF ®
electronegativity difference, greater the bond energy and shorter the bond length. For bond having
same elements, see their sizes. Greater the size of bonded atoms or atomic radii, greater the bond
energy and shorter the bond length. F has the highest electronegtivity.
Bond lengths cannot be determined by :
a. Electron diffraction
b. X ray diffraction
c. Spectral studies
d. Diffraction grating ®
Bond length of C-C and Cl-Cl is 154pm and 198pm respectively. What will be the bond length of C-Cl?
a. 176pm ®
b. 164pm
c. 117pm
d. 130pm
Generally the bond length between two atoms is approximately the sum of covalent radii of two atom.
Bond length of C-Cl = 154/2 + 198/2 = 77 + 99 = 176
C-C bond length in ethene is :
a. 154pm
b. 139pm
c. 133pm ®
d. 120pm
Which of the following bond has greatest length?
a. C-C
b. Si-Si ®
c. N-N
d. P-P
same elements, see their sizes. Greater the size of bonded atoms or atomic radii greater the bond
energy and shorter the bond length As
bond length is sum of radii of two atoms and as we move from left to right in a row, radii decreases so
bond length decrease. Bond length increases down the group because atomic radius increases and
nuclear charge decreases down the group. Si-Si > P-P > C-C > N-N
Which of the following has greater bond length?
a. C=C
b. C=N
c. C=O
d. N=O
If 2 elements belong to the same period then we check the electronegativity difference and bond length
is inversely proportional to electronegativity difference. Bond length of C=C is largest(134 pm) because
both the carbon atoms have same electronegativity. In case of C=O and C=N carbon is bonded to highly
electronegative atoms so bond length is shoreter as compared to C=C. In case of N=O oxygen is more
electronegative than nitrogen hence bond length decreases
Which of the following has been arranged in order of decreasing bond length?
a. P–O > S–O > Cl–O ®
b. P–O < S–O < Cl–O
c. S–O > Cl–O > P–O
d. S–O > P–O > Cl–O
same elements, see their sizes. Greater the size of bonded atoms, greater the bond energy and shorter
the bond length As bond length is sum
of radii ot two atoms and as we move from left to right in a row, radii decreases so bond length
decrease. Bond length increases down the group because atomic radius increases and nuclear charge
decreases down the group. E.N order F > O > Cl > P. As O and Cl both have high electronegativity so their
difference will be very low. S and O both belong to same group so they also have low E.N difference. P
and O belongs to different groups and also the different periods so have greater E.N difference
Which of the following is not a property of ionic compounds?
a. They are solids
b. They have high melting points
c. They exhibit isomerism
d. They are good conductors in molten state
Since ionic bonds are non-directional, they don't exhibit space isomerism.
Which of the following is not a property of covalent compounds?
a. They are directional compounds
b. They exhibit isomerism
c. They have low melting and boiling points
d. They conduct electricity when dissolved in water
Although solid ionic compounds do not conduct electricity because there are no free mobile ions or
electrons, ionic compounds dissolved in water make an electrically conductive solution. In contrast,
covalent compounds do not exhibit any electrical conductivity, either in pure form or when dissolved in
water.
CHEMICAL ENERGETICS
What is the free energy change ∆G when 1 mol of water at 100°C and 1 atm pressure is converted to
steam at 100°C and 1 atm pressure?
a. 540 kcal
b. 9800 kcal
c. -9800 kcal
d. 0 kcal ®
At equilibrium ∆G = 0
Spontaneity of a chemical reaction is decided by :
a. Internal energy
b. Enthalpy
c. Entropy
d. Free energy ®
For Spontaneous reaction ∆G = - ve and ∆E = +ve
Energy required to dissociate 4g of gaseous hydrogen into free gaseous atoms is 208 kcal at 25°C. Bond
energy of H-H will be?
a. 104 kcal
b. 10.4 kcal
c. 208 kcal
d. 2.08 kcal
4g H2 = 2 moles Energy for 1 mole of H2 = 208/2 = 104 kcal
The bond dissociation energies of gaseous H2, Cl2 and HCl are 104, 58 and 103 kcal respectively. The
enthalpy formation of HCl gas would be
a. 44 kcal
b. - 44 kcal
c. 22 kcal
d. - 22 kcal
½ H2 + ½ Cl2 ---------> HCl

∆H = B.E of reactants - B.E of products
∆H = [½(104) + ½(58)] - (+103) = - 22 kcal
The H-H bond energy is 430 kj/mol and Cl-Cl bond energy is 240 kj/mol. ∆H for HCl is - 90 kj/mol. The H-
Cl bond energy :
a. 180 kj/mol
b. 360 kj/mol
c. 90 kj/mol
d. 425 kj/mol
½ H2 + ½ Cl2 ---------> HCl ∆H = - 90 kj

∆H = B.E of reactants - B.E of products
∆H = ½(430) + ½(240) - B.E of HCl
B.E of HCl = 425kj/mol
If bond energies of H-H, Br-Br and H-Br are 433, 192 and 364 kj/mol respectively. The ∆H° for the
reaction H2(g) + Br2(g) -------> 2 HBr(g)
a. +261 kj/mol
b. - 261 kj/mol
c. +103 kj/mol
d. - 103 kj/mol ®
H-H + Br-Br --------> 2 H-Br

433 + 192 2×364
625 728
∆H° = reactants energy - products energy = 625 - 728 = - 103 kj/mol
The heat of formation of CO(g) and CO2(g) are - 26.4 kcal and - 94 kcal respectively. The heat of
combustion of carbon
a. +26.4 kcal
b. - 67.6 kcal
c. - 120 kcal
d. +52.8 kcal
CO + ½O2 -------> CO2 ∆H =

∆Hf of CO2 - ∆Hf of CO ∆H = -
94 - (-26.4) = - 67.6 kcal Normally we take ∆H =
reactants energy - products energy But If we use enthalpy
of bond formation, (∆Hf ), which is the enthalpy change when one mole of a particular type ofbond is
formed from gaseous atom, then ∆H = ∑f∆H products − ∑f∆H of reactants
If enthalpies of methane and ethane are respectively 320 and 360 cal then bond energy of C-C :
a. 80
b. 40
c. 60
d. 120
CH4 ------> C + 4H ∆H = 320 cal

CH4 has only C-H bond and has 4 C-H bond. So eneegy for 1 C-H bond is 320/4 = 80 cal. We have
to find C-C bond energy. C-C bond is present in ethane but not in methane. In ethane there are 6 C-H
bond and 1 C-C bond C2H6 ------> 2C
+ 6H ∆H = 320 kcal ∆H = 1 C-C B.E
+ 6 C-H B.E 360 = C-C
B.E + 6(80) C-C bond
energy = 120 cal
The first ionization energy for Li is 5.4eV and electron affinity of Cl is 3.61eV. The ∆H (in kj/mol) for the
reaction Li(g) + Cl(g) -------> Li+ + Cl- is if resulting ions do not combine
a. 70
b. 100
c. 170
d. 270
∆H = I.E - EA = 1.80 eV = 2.86 × 10-²² kj For 1

mole : ∆H = 2.86 × 10-²² × 6.02 × 10²³ = 170kj/mol
C(g) + 4H(g) --------> CH4(g) ∆H= -166kj The bond energy C-H
a. - 208 kj/mol
b. - 41.6 kj/mol
c. 832 kj/mol
d. 166 kj/mol
CH4 has 4 C-H bonds so bond energy of single C-H = - 166/4 = - 41.6 kj/mol
Heat evolved in combustion of benzeneis given by C6H6 + 7½ O2 -----> 6 CO2 + 3 H2O ∆H = - 3264.6 kj.
How much energy will be evolved when 39g benzene are burnt
a. 816.15 kj
b. 1632.3 kj
c. 6528.2 kj
d. 2448.45 kj
78g benzene on combustion produces 3264.6 kj heat so 39g will produce 3264.6/2 = - 1632.3kj
The enthalpy of formation of ammonia is - 46 kj/mol. The enthalpy change for the reaction
2 NH3(g) --------> 2 N2(g) + 3 H2(g)
a. 46kj/mol
b. 92kj/mol ®
c. - 23 kj/mol
d. - 92 kj/mol
2 moles are converting into nitrogen and hydrogen
Heat of formation in H2 + Cl2 -------> 2HCl + 44kcal
a. 44 kcal
b. 44000 kcal
c. 22 kcal
d. 11 kcal
∆Hf = 44/2 = 22 kcal
When two moles of H2 and one mole O2 react together to form water, 484 Kj heat us evolved. What is H
formation for one mole of water?
a. - 484 kj/mol
b. - 242 kj/mol ®
c. +242 kj/mol
d. - 121 kj/mol
2 H2 + O2 -----> 2 H2O ∆H = - 483 kj For one

mole ∆H = - 484/2 = - 242 kj/mol
If bond enthalpy of N-H bond is x kj/mol, the value of enthalpy change in the process
NH3(g) ------> N2(g) + 3H(g) +?
a. 2x kj/mol
b. x kj/mol
c. 3x kj/mol ®
d. x/3 kj/mol
In NH3 there are three N-H bonds. For one N-H, bond enthalpy is x kj/mol. So for 3 N-H, bond enthalpy
will be 3x kj/mol
Heat produced in calories by combustion of 1g of carbon is called
a. Heat of combustion of carbon
b. Heat of formation of carbon
c. Caloric value of carbon
d. Heat of production of carbon
It is defination of caloric value
Heat of combustion of CH4, C2H6, C2H4 and C2H2 are - 212.8, - 373, - 337, and - 310.5 kcal respectively
at same temperature. The best fuel among these gases is
a. CH4
b. C2H4
c. C2H6
d. C2H2
The fuel should have high calorific value. Higher the calorific value, best will be the fuel. CH4 has high
caloric value - 212/16 = - 13.3 kcal/g
A mixture of 2 moles of CO and 1 mole of oxygen, in a closed vessel is ignited to convert CO to CO2. If ∆H
is the enthalpy change and ∆E is the change in internal energy then
a. ∆H > ∆E
b. ∆H < ∆E ®
c. ∆H = ∆E
d. Relationship depends upon capacity of vessel

Formation of CO2 from CO is an exothermic process, heat is evloved from the system i.e energy is
lowerd. Exothermic process occur spontaneously on amount of decrease in enthalpy of system
Consider the reaction N2 + 3H2 ------> 2NH3 Carried out at constant temperature and pressure. If ∆H
and ∆E are enthalpy and internal energy changes for the reaction, which expression from given is true
a. ∆H > ∆E
b. ∆H < ∆E ®
c. ∆H = ∆E
d. ∆H = 0
At constant P or T ∆H = ∆E + ∆nRT [ ∆n = 2 - 4 = - 2]
For the given reversible reaction CH3COOH + 2 O2 -------- 2 CO2 + 2 H2O

at 25°C and 1 atm pressure, ∆H = - 874 kj. Then change in internal energy ∆E
a. + 874 kj
b. - 874 kj
c. - 871 kj
d. - 876 kj
For this reaction ∆n = 0 so ∆H = ∆E
The change in heat energy of a chemical reaction at constant temperature and pressure is called
a. Enthalpy change ®
b. Bond energy
c. Internal energy change
d. Heat of sublimation
For a given process, the heat changesbat constant pressure (Qp) and at constant volume (Qv)are related
to each other
a. Qp = Qv
b. Qp < Qv
c. Qp > Qv ®
d. Qp = Qv/2
Total heat content of a system is called
a. Entropy
b. Enthalpy ®
c. Temperature
d. Internal energy
The relation between change in internal energy ∆E, change in enthalpy ∆H and work done W :
a. ∆H = ∆E + W ®
b. ∆E = ∆H + W
c. ∆E = W - ∆H
d. W = ∆E - ∆H
The enthalpies of the elements in their standard states assumed to be
a. 0 at 298K
b. 1 at 298K
c. 0 at all temperatures
d. 0 at 273K
Enthalpies of all elements in their standard states assumed to be zero at 25°C
Enthalpy for the reaction C + O2 -------> CO2

a. Positive
b. Negative ®
c. Zero
d. Cannot be predicted
For combustion reaction ∆H = -ve
Which of the enthalpy change is always positive
A) Heat of solution
B) Heat of combustion
C) Heat of neutralization
D) Heat of atomization ®
The enthalpy of neutralization of which of the following acids and bases is equal to - 13.6 kcal
a. HCN and NaOH
b. HCl and NaOH ®
c. HCl and KOH
d. HCl and NH4OH
Option B and option C both are correct. But option B is more accurate because NaOH is slightly stronger
base than KOH
Heat of neutralization for the given reaction NaOH + HCl -----> NaCl + H2O is 57.1 kj/mol. What will be
the heat released when 0.25 mole of NaOH is titrated against 0.25 mole of HCl
a. 57.1 kj/mol
b. 22.5 kj/mol
c. 14.3 kj/mol
d. 28.6 kj/mol
57.1 × 0.25 = 14.3 kj/mol

Neutralization of strong acid with strong base is
A) Non-spontaneous reaction
B) Spontaneous and exothermic reaction ®
C) Spontaneous and endothermic
D) Non-spontaneous endothermic reaction
Enthalpy change for reaction ½H2 + ½Cl2 -------> HCl
a. Enthalpy of combination
b. Enthalpy of reaction
c. Enthalpy of formation ®
d. Enthalpy of fusion
Enthalpy of formation is the change of enthalpy when one mole of the compound is formed from atoms
of its elements
In the reaction CO2(g) + H2(g) ------> CO(g) + H2O ∆H=80kj ∆H is known as
a. Heat of formation
b. Heat of reaction ®
c. Heat of combustion
d. Heat of neutralization
It cannot be combustion because in combustion carbon is burnt in presence of oxygen. It cannot be heat
of formation because in formation there is one mole compound is formed from its elements in their
most stable state like C(graphite. s) + 2H2(g) ------> CH4(g) Stable states of graphite, hydrogen and
methane are solid, gas and gas. Or you can say that enthalpy of formation is The change of enthalpy
when one mole of the compound is formed from atoms of its elements.
Mg(s) + ½O2 ------> MgO(s) ∆H for this reaction is

a. Enthalpy of formation ®
b. Enthalpy of reaction
c. Enthalpy of combustion
d. Enthalpy of solution
The heat change for the reaction is H2(g) + ½O2(g) -------> H2O(l)
a. Heat of reaction
b. Heat of formation
c. Heat of vapourization
d. Heat of solution
It cannot be enthalpy of vapourization because in vapourization there is H2O(l) -----> H2O(g) In

enthalpy of formation there is formation of one mole of compound from its elements in their most
stable states. Stable states of hydrogen, oxygen and water are gas, gas and liqued
The heat change for the reaction is 2CO + O2 -------> 2 CO2 ∆H = - 135 kcal
b. Heat of combustion ®
c. Heat of solution
d. Heat of reaction
One mole of substance is completely oxidized
Complete combustion of methane gives
a. H2O + CO2 ®
b. CO2 + H2
c. COCl2
d. CO + CO2 + H2O
Hesses law of constant heat summation is based on
a. Conservation of mass
b. E = mc²
c. First law of thermodynamics ®
d. 2nd law of thermodynamics
Hess's law can be applied to determine
b. Heat of combustion
c. Indirect measurement of H
d. All of these ®
Which of the following values of heat of formation indicates that product is least stable?
a. - 94 kj
b. - 213 kj
c. +21.4 kj
d. +70 kj ®
Less stable molecules will have a more positive enthalpy of reaction
C(diomond) -----> C(diomond) ∆H = -ve This indicates that
a. Graphite is more stable than diomond ®
b. Graphitr has more energy than diomond
c. Both are equally stable
d. Stability cannot be predicted

-ve enthalpy means stable products
Thermo chemical reactions are C(graphite) + ½

O2 -------> CO(g) ∆H= - 110 kj CO(g) + ½ O2 ------->
CO2(g) ∆H= - 283.2 kj From above reaction, the heat
of reaction for C(graphite) + O2 -------> CO2(g) will be
a. - 393.7 kj ®
b. +393.7 kj
c. +172.7 kj
d. - 172.7 kj
Add equation i and ii

C(graphite) + CO(g) + O2 ----> CO(g) + CO2 ∆H= - 110 + (-283)
C(graphite) + O2 -----> CO2 ∆H = - 393 kj
C(graphite) ------> C(g) ∆H = 716.7 kj/mol

C(diomond) -----> C(g) ∆H = 714.8 kj/mol
Calculate ∆H for the reaction C(graphite) ------> C(diomond)
a. 714.8 kj/mol
b. +1.9 kj/mol ®
c. - 1.9 kj/mol
d. 0
Subtract equation ii from i

C(graphite) ------> C(diomond) ∆H=716.7-714.8 = 1.9 kj/mol
Born Haber cycle is used to determine
a. Crystal energy
b. Lattice energy
c. Electron affinity
d. All ®
Born Haber cycle is application of
A) Law of mass action
B) Rate law
C) Hess’s law ®
D) Equilibrium law
Which of the following is not necessary for calculating lattice energy of KBr?
a. Enthalpy of Ionization of Br ®
b. Enthalpy of atomization of K
c. Enthalpy of atomization of Br
d. Enthalpy of Dissociation of Br2
Enthalpy of affinity of Br is required as it gains electron and K loses electron Enthalpy of

atomization is also called enthalpy of dissociation when diatomic molecule goes into gaseous state from
gaseous state for example H2(g) ------> 2H(g) Enthalpy of atomization is also
called enthalpy of sublimation when atom goes into gaseous state directly from solid state Na(s) ------
> Na(g) Simply we can say that enthalpy of
atomization/vapourization/sublimation/dissociation are same.
Energy of vapourization/atomization of potassium is +89 kj/mol. The first ionization enthalpy of

potassium is +419 kj/mol. The sum of dissociation and vapourization energy of Br2(l) is 233 kj/mol.
Electron affinity of Br is - 342 kj/mol. Lattice energy of KBr is - 688 kj/mol . The heat of formation of KBr
is
a. 787 kj/mol
b. 399 kj/mol
c. 289 kj/mol
d. 312 kj/mol
∆H(f) = ∆H(l) + ∆Hx

∆Hx = 89 + 419 + 233 + (-342) = 399 kj/mol
∆H(f) = - 688 + 399 = 289 kj/mol
Energy of vapourization of sodium is +109 kj/mol. The first ionization enthalpy of sodium is +496 kj/mol.
The sum of dissociation and vapourization energy of I2(s) is 214 kj/mol. Electron affinity of Iodine is - 295
kj/mol. The heat of formation of NaI is - 100 kj/mol . Its lattice energy :
a. - 604 kj/mol
b. - 704 kj/mol
c. - 504 kj/mol
d. - 667 kj/mol
∆H(f) = ∆H(l) + ∆Hx

∆H(l) = ∆H(f) - ∆Hx
∆Hx = 109 + 496 + 214 + (-295) = 604 kj/mol
∆H(l) = - 100 - 604 = 704 kj/mol
Which one of the following has greater lattice energy?
a. NaCl ®
b. NaBr
d. NaI
d. All have same
Lattice energy of an ionic compound depends upon charge densities of ions. Greater the charge density
greater will be the lattice energy. Charge density = charge/size
.............. is the quantitative measure of attraction between cations and anions
a. Ionization potential
d. Lattice energy ®
Electron affinity is the measure of attraction of nucleus of an atom for extra electron
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Reduction reaction means ________
(a) a process of adding oxygen
(b) a process of removing hydrogen
(c) a process of adding electron ®
(d) a process of removing electrons
Loss in oxygen/Gain of hydrogen/Gain of electron/Decrease in oxidation state
Which substance is oxidizing agent ?
(a) a substance donates hydrogen or accepts oxygen
(b) a substance donates oxygen or accepts hydrogen ®
(c) a substance experience oxidation
(d) a substance donates electron
"oxidizes others but itself get reduced"
Which substance is called reducing agent ?
(a) a substance donates hydrogen or accepts oxygen ®

(b) a substance accepts hydrogen or donates oxygen
(c) a substance expereince reduction
(d) a substance gains electron
"reduces others but itself oxidize"
Oxidation reaction means _____________
(a) a process of removing electron ®
(b) a process of adding hydrogen
(c) a process of removel of oxygen
(d) a process of adding electrons
Which of the following is the characterictic of reducing agent ?
(a) it experience oxidation ®
(b) it experience reduction
(c) it gains electrons
(d) it gives oxygen
"reduces others but itself oxidize"
Which of the following is the characteristic of oxidizing agent ?
(a) it experience oxidation
(b) it experience reduction ®
(c) it gains oxygen
(d) it donates electrons
"oxidizes others but itself get reduced"

Which substance get oxidized in the reaction : 2Al + Cr2O3 --------> Al2O3 + 2Cr ?
(a) Al ®
(b) Cr2O3
(c) Al2O3
(d) Cr
On left side, Al has zero oxidation state. On right side Al has +2 oxidation. Increase in oxidation means
substance has get oxidized. Al° ------> Al+² Cr+² ------> Cr°
Which substance is a reducting agent in the following reaction ? 2Al +

Cr2O3 --------> Al2O3 + 2Cr ?
(a) Al ®
(b) Cr2O3
(c) Al2O3
(d) Cr
"Reducing agent reduces others but itself oxidize" Al° ------> Al+² Cr+² ------> Cr°
Which substance is the reducing agent in the following reaction?

Ca(s) + Zn+²(aq) -------> Ca+²(aq) + Zn(s)
a. Ca(s) ®
b. Zn(s)
c. Ca+²(aq)
d. Zn+²(aq)
Reducing agent reduces other while itself get oxidized. Oxidation means increase in oxidation state
Which of the following is not redox reaction?
(A) Cu + 4HNO3 -----> Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

(B) 2Mg + O2 -----> 2MgO
(C) Mg + 2HCl ------> MgCl2 + H2
(D) MgO + 2HCl ------> MgCl2 + H2O ®
In ist equation, oxidation state of Cu changes from 0 to +2 so it is oxidized. Oxidation state of N changes
from +5 in HNO3 to +4 in NO2 so it is reduced In second
equation, oxidation state of Mg changes from 0 to +2 and of oxygen changes from 0 to - 2 . Hence Mg is
oxidized while oxygen is reduced. In 3rd equation,
oxidation state of Mg changes from 0 to +2 and of hydrogen changes from +1 to 0. Hence Mg is oxidized
and H is reduced In 4th equation,
oxidation state of Mg changes from +2 to +1 hence it is reduced. Oxidation state of O, Cl and H does not
change.
In which of the following reactions, hydrogen behave as an oxidizing agent:
(A) H2 + Cl2 ------> 2HCl
(B) C2H4 + H2 ------> C2H6 ®
(C) 2Na + H2 ------> 2NaH
(D) N2 + 3H2 ------> 2NH3
In the second equation, oxidation number of H in H2 (0) decreases to -1 in C2H6, while oxidation
number of C in C2H4 (+2) increases to +3 in C2H6
The oxidation number of sulphur in Na2S4O6 :
(A) +2
(B) +4
(C) +2.5 ®
(D) +6
2 + 4x - 12 = 0 ------> 4x = 10 ------> x = 2.5
Oxidation number of O in Na2O2:
(A) - 1
(B) +1 ®
(C) +2
(D) - 2
Na has +1 oxidation state. So O will have of course - 1 oxidation state
In which of the following compounds, oxidation number of sulphur is negative:
(A) SO2
(B) H2SO4
(C) H2S ®
(D) Na2SO4
+4 , +6 , - 2 , +6 are the oxidation states of sulphur in SO2, SO3, H2S and Na2SO4 respectively
Oxidation state of N in nitric acid?
a. +4
b. - 4
c. +3
d. +5 ®
HNO3 : 1+x-6=0 --------> x = +5
The oxidation no. of sulphur in Al2(SO4)3is
(a) +8
(b) +7
(c) +5
(d) +6 ®
Charge on SO4 is -2 . There are three SO4 so charge will be - 6. Hence charge on Al2 should be +6. Its
mean oxidation state of Al is +3 SO4-² : O.S of S
+ O.S of oxygen = - 2 ----> O.S of S + 4(-2) = - 2 ----> O.S of S = +6
Which of following elements does not possess positive oxidation no. in any of its compound ?
(a) O
(b) F ®
(c) Cl
(d) I
F always shows -ve oxidation state. O shows +ve oxidation in one of its compound OF2
Which of the following oxidation no. does not possess by Cl, Br and I, when they combines with oxygen
forming chemical bond ?
(a) +1
(b) +3
(c) +5
(d) –1 ®
Except F, all others halogen does not -ve oxidation state when combine with halogens. Example : In
NaBrO3 , Br has +5 oxidation state. In OF2, F has - 1 oxidation state
Oxygen conbines with which of the element by forming chemical bond, then it possesses positive
oxidation no. ?
(a) F ®
(b) Cl
(c) Br
(d) given all

Which of the following element always possesses +1 oxidation state in any of its compound ?
(a) F
(b) Ca
(c) Cs ®
(d) O
- 2 oxidation number (normal oxides) , - 1 oxidation number (per oxides)

- ½ oxidation state (super oxides) , + 2 oxidation state With Fluorine
F has variable oxidation states , Ca show +2 oxidation state normally. Cs belongs to ist
group and have only 1e- in valence shell so it always show +1 oxidation state
Oxidation state of carbon in glucose
a. 0 ®
b. 1
c. 2
d. 4
Oxidation state of hydrogen in CaH2
a. +1
b. - 1 ®
c. +2
d. - 2
+2 + 2x = 0 ------> x = - 1
Oxidation state of oxygen in H2O2
a. - 1 ®
b. +1
c. - 2
d. +2
In peroxides, oxidation state of oxygen is - 1
In conversion of Br2 to Br-³ , oxidation state of Bromine changes from
a. 0 to - 2
b. 0 to - 3 ®
c. 0 to 0
d. 2 to 5
Oxidation state of phosphorus in Na3PO4 :
a. +5 ®
b. - 5
c. +3
d. - 3
3(+1) + x - 8 = 0 -------> x = +5
Sulphur has highest oxidation state in
a. SO2
b. SO3
c. H2S
d. H2SO3
+4 , +6 , - 2 , +4 are the oxidation states of sulphur in SO2, SO3, H2S and H2SO3 respectively
Oxidation state of Mn in MnO4-²
a. +4
b. +6 ®
c. +5
d. - 6
x - 8 = - 2 ------> x = +6
In a reaction, K2Cr2O7 -----> CrCl3 the change in oxidation state of Cr
a. +2 to +3
b. +12 to +3
c. +7 to +3
d. +6 to +3 ®
2(+1) + 2x - 14 = 0 -------> x = +6
2Fe + 3 Cl2 ------> 2FeCl3 this reaction is
a. Oxidation
b. Reduction
c. Redox ®
d. Decomposition
Iron is oxidized as its oxidation state changes from 0 to +3 while chlorine is reduced as its oxidation state
changes from 0 to - 3
What mole of MnO4- reduced in Mn2+ by the addition of 7.5 mole electrons in MnO4- ?
(a) 2.5
(b) 5
(c) 1.5 ®
(d) 7.5
oxidation state of Mn in MnO4- is +7 and oxidation state of Mn^2+ is +2
Difference of charge = +5 . Its mean 5 mole of electrons should be added to MnO4- to reduce its
one mole into Mn+2 5 mol
of e- >>>> reduces 1 mol of MnO4- 1 mol
of e- >>>> reduces 1/5 mol of MnO4- 7.5 mol of e-
>>>> reduces 7.5/1.5 mol of MnO4-
How many Faradays of charge is required to convert 1mole of Cr2O7-² to Cr+³?
a. 1F
b. 3F
c. 4F
d. 6F
Oxidation state of Cr in Cr2O7-² is +6 and Oxidation state of Cr+³ is +3 Charge

difference = +3. Its mean 3 moles of electrons should be added to reduce one mole of Cr2O7-² into Cr+³
So charge will be 3F
Number of electrons to balance : NO3- + 4H+ + e- -------> 2 H2O + NO
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
In this equation, all the atoms are balanced. For balancing electrons, add 3e- to left side NO3-
+ 4H+ + 4e- -------> 2 H2O + NO
In balancing the half reaction : S2O3-² --------> S(s) the number of electrons that must be added
a. 4 on left side ®
b. 3 on right side
c. 2 on left side
d. 2 on right side
4e- + S2-² --------> 2S° As change in oxidation state of S is +2. Hence number of electrons that
must be added are 4
How many electrons are required to balance the charge in the following equation:
2 Cr+³ + 7H2O -------> Cr2O7-² + 14H+
(A) 9e- on right side
(B) 9e- on left side
(C) 6e- on the right side ®
(D) 6e- on the left side
The overall charge of the reactants is +6 because of the 2Cr+³ . The overall charge of the products is +12,
because of the 14H+ and the one Cr2O7-² . Therefore, we add 6 electrons to the reactants so that both
sides are +6 [Information from given
reaction : Cr2O7-² has 7 oxygens, we added 7 water molecules to the reactants to balance atoms of
oxygen. Because of the 7 water molecules we added, we need 14 hydrogen ions to balance hydrogen
atoms on product side]
What is the coefficient for hydroxide for balancing the reaction? Pb(OH)4-² +
ClO- ----> PbO2 + Cl- + OH- + H2O
a. 1 OH-
b. 2 OH-
c. 3 OH-
d. 4 OH-
Always take start from lower cofficient. Suppose we take 1 coefficient of OH- (and balance H) Pb(OH)4-²
+ ClO- ----> PbO2 + Cl- + 1OH- + H2O Now you
cannot balance H and O. So leave this option Suppose we take 2
coefficient of OH (and balance H) Pb(OH)4-² + ClO- ---->
PbO2 + Cl- + 2OH- + H2O Now hydrogen and
oxygen are balanced
The highest reduction potential in electrochemical series is of F2 and its value is
a. +3.87 V
b. - 3.87 V
c. +2.87 V ®
d. - 2.87 V
Strongest reducing agent is
a. K ®
b. Mg
c. Al
d. I
Elements lie on the top of the electrochemical series are strong reducing agent
Which of the following metals can displace hydrogen from an acid?
a. Au
b. Al ®
c. Hg
d. Ag
Only those metals can displace hydrogen from acids that lie above SHE in electrochemical series.
Which of the following liberate hydrogen on reaction with dilute H2SO4
a. Fe
b. Cu
c. Al ®
d. Hg
Only those metals can displace hydrogen from acids that lie above SHE in electrochemical series.
Which can displace hydrogen from acids?
a. K ®
b. Pt
c. Pd
d. Cu
Elements lies above SHE can displace hydrogen from acids
Which of the following method does not liberate hydrogen
a. Zn + H2SO4(dil)
b. Cu + H2SO4(dil)
c. Mg + H2SO4(dil)
d. Zn + HCl(dil)
Metals like Au, Ag, Pt and Cu which have sufficiently high positive values of reduction potentials do not
liberate hydrogen from acids and they lie below SHE in electrochemical series
Which of the following metals cannot evolve H2 from acids or H2O or from its compounds
a. Hg ®
b. Pb
c. Al
d. Fe
Only those metals can displace hydrogen from acids that lie above SHE in electrochemical series. Hg has
greater reduction potential than H+ and hence cannot displace it from acid
Copper cannot replace ------ from solution
a. Fe
b. Hg
c. Au
d. Ag
An element can replace other element if that element lies above other elements in series. Iron is placed
above Cu in Electrochemical series so Cu cannot replace iron.
The standard electrode potentials of four elements

A = - 0.25V B = - 0.136V C = - 0.126V D = - 0.402V
The element that displaces A from its compounds is
a. B
b. C
c. D
d. None
An element can replace other element if that element lies above other elements in series. An element
has minimum(negative) reduction potential value which lie on the top. A is displace from D because D
has E° = - 0.402V
Which of the following metal can deposit copper from copper sulphate solution
a. Mercury
b. Iron ®
c. Gold
d. Platinum
above. Iron lies above Cu so Cu+² will be reduced and Fe will be oxidized
The standard electrode potentials of four metals A, B, C and D are - 1.2V , 0.6V , 0.85V and - 0.76V
respectively. The sequence of deposition of metals on applying potential is:
a. A, C, B, D
b. B, D, C, A
c. C, B, D, A ®
d. D, A, B, C
Elements lie above SHE are stronger reducing agent and elements lie below SHE are stronger oxidizing
agent. Higher the element in series, more easily can be deposited C < B < D < A
Four alkali metals A, B, C and D are having respectively standard electrode potential as - 3.05V, - 1.66V ,
0.4V , 0.8V. Which one will be the most reactive?
a. A ®
b. B
c. C
d. D
More negative is the standard potential, greater is the trendency to lose electrons and has greater
reactivity
Which of the following metals is mosy readily corroded in moist air
a. Copper
b. Silver
c. Iron ®
d. Nickel
A metal lies above electrochemical series will crode easily
Which of the following metal does not react with solution of copper sulphate?
a. Mg
b. Fe
c. Zn
d. Ag ®
above. As Ag lies below Cu so it does not react.
Which of the following gains electrons more easily?
a. Na+
b. Al+³
c. Zn+²
d. H+ ®
Down the electrochemical series, reduction potential increases and strength of oxidizing agent increases.
Oxidizing agent oxidize others and get reduce itself. So down the series, electron gaining power
(reduction process) increases.
Mg can be oxidized by?
a. Al ®
b. Ca
c. Na
d. K
Down the electrochemical series, reduction potential increases and strength of oxidizing agent increases.
Oxidizing agent oxidize others and get reduce itself. From given options only Al lies below Mg. Its mean
Al is stronger oxidizing agent
The strongest reducing agent of alkali metals?
a. Li ®
b. Na
c. K
d. Cs
Upgoing electrochemical series, resuction potential decreases and strength of reducing agent increases.
So elements that lie on top of the series are stronger reducing agent
The standard reduction potential for Li+/Li ; Zn+²/Zn ; H+/H and Ag+/Ag is - 3.05 , - 0.762 , 0.00 and
+0.80 V. Which has highest reducing capacity?
a. Ag
b. Zn
c. H2
d. Li
Upgoing electrochemical series, resuction potential decreases and strength of reducing agent increases.
So elements that lie on top of the series are stronger reducing agent. OR you can say that Li has
negative(minimum) reduction potential and has maximum trendency to lose electron(strongest
reducing agent)
Which of the following has highest electrode potential?
a. Li
b. Cu
c. Au ®
d. Al
Down the electrochemical series, standard electrode potential increases
The element which can displace three other halogens from their compound is
a. Cl
b. F ®
c. Br
d. I
F is most powerful reducing agent
K, Ca and Li metals may be arranged in the decreasing order of their standard electrode potentials
a. K, Ca, Li
b. Ca, K, Li ®
c. Li, Ca, K
d. Ca, Li, K
Down the electrochemical series, standard electrode potential increases so Standarf electrode potential
of Ca > K > Li
On which of the following cell potential of the cell does not depend?
(a) temperature
(b) concentration fo the solution of salt bridge ®
(c) concentration of the solutioin related with cell reaction
(d) nature of electrodes
The standard reduction potential NaCl for the half reactions are as
Zn = Zn+² + 2e- E° = 0.76 V and Fe = Fe+² + 2e- E° = 0.41 V
The emf for the cell reaction Fe+² + Zn -------> Zn+² + Fe
a. - 0.35 V
b. + 0.35 V
c. + 1.17 V
d. - 1.17 V
Metal lies above SHE acts as anode and metal lies below SHE acts an cathode. If both metals given in
questions lie above or below the SHE then emf of cell can be determined by equation E° = Ecathode -
Eanode . In these cases take reduction potentials of both metals. Fe and Zn both lies above SHE. We
know that metals lie above SHE have -ve reduction potentials. According to equation Fe is acting as
cathode(reduction) and Zn is acting as anode(oxidation) Emf = Ecathode - Eanode = -
0.41 - (-0.76) = +0.35
Standard reduction potential for Fe+²/Fe and Sn+²/Sn electrodes are - 0.44V and - 0.14V respectively.
For the cell reaction Fe+² + Sn -------> Fe + Sn+²
a. +0.30V
b. - 0.30V
c. +0.58V
d. - 0.58V
Metal lies above SHE acts as anode and metal lies below SHE acts an cathode. If both metals given in
questions lie above or below the SHE then emf of cell can be determined by equation E° = Ecathode -
Eanode . In these cases take reduction potentials of both metals. Fe and Sn both lies above SHE. We
know that metals lie above SHE have -ve reduction potentials. According to given equation Fe is acting
as cathode(reduction) and Sn is acting as anode(oxidation) Emf = Ecathode - Eanode = -
0.44 - (-0.14) = - 0.30
The emf of galvanic cell with electrode potentials of silver = +0.80V and that of copper = +0.34V is
a. - 1.1 V
b. 1.1 V
c. 0.46 V
d. 0.76 V
If both metals given in questions lie above or below the SHE then emf of cell can be determined by
equation E° = Ecathode - Eanode. In these cases take reduction potentials of both metals. Silver and
copper both lie below SHE. We know that metals lie below SHE have +ve reduction potential values.
Metal lies above SHE acts as anode and metal lies below SHE acts an cathode. But in question both
metals lie below SHE. So take that metal as cathode that lie below the other. Its mean silver will act as
cathode and copper will act as anode E = Ecathode - Eanode = 0.80 - (+0.34) =
0.46V
Emf of the cell whose half cells are given is

Mg+² + 2e- ------> Mg(s) ; E = - 2.37V
Cu+² + 2e- ------> Cu(s) ; E = +0.33V
a. - 2.03V
b. 1.36V
c. 2.7V
d. 2.03V
Metal lies above SHE acts as anode and metal lies below SHE acts an cathode. If one metal given in
question lies above SHE and other lies below SHE then emf can be find out as E° = Ecathode + Eanode .
In this case take reduction potential of cathode and oxidation potential of anode. Mg lies above SHE so
will act as anode. Take its oxidation potential value. Cu lies below SHE so will act as cathode. Take its
reduction potential value. We know that metals lie above SHE have -ve reduction and metals lie below
SHE have positive reduction potentials. We also know that oxidation and reduction potential values of a
metal are same but with opposite sign. E = Ecathode + Eanode = - 0.34 + (+2.37) = 2.71V
Consider the following cell reaction:

Al, Al+³//Cl2, Cl Al+³/Al° = - 1.67V Cl2/Cl- = +1.36
The cell voltage in this case
a. 2.95V
b. 3.0V ®
c. 3.03V
d. 0.31V
question lies above SHE and other lies below SHE then emf can be find out as E° = Ecathode + Eanode. In
this case take reduction potential of cathode and oxidation potential of anode. Al lies above SHE so will
act as anode. Take its oxidation potential value. Cl lies below SHE so will act as cathode. Take its
reduction potential value. We know that metals lie above SHE have -ve reduction potential values and
metals lie below SHE have positive reduction potentials. We also know that oxidation and reduction
potential values of a metal are same but with opposite sign. E = Ecathode + Eanode = 1.36 + (+1.67) = 3V
The standard electrode potentials of Zn+²/Zn and Ag+/Ag are - 0.763V and +0.799V respectively. The
standard potential of cell
a. 1.56 V
b. 0.036 V
c. - 1.56 V
d. 0.799 V
question lies above SHE and other lies below SHE then emf can be find out as E° = Ecathode + Eanode .
In this case take reduction potential of cathode and oxidation potential of anode. Zn lies above SHE so
will act as anode. Take its oxidation potential value. Ag lies below SHE so will act as cathode. Take its
reduction potential value. We know that metals lie above SHE have -ve reduction and metals lie below
SHE have positive reduction potentials. We also know that oxidation and reduction potential values of a
metal are same but with opposite sign. E = Ecathode + Eanode = 0.799 + (+0.763) = 1.56V
A galvanic cell with electrode potential of A' = +2.33V and B' = -1.43V . The value of E° cell is
a. 3.66V
b. 0.80V
c. - 0.80V
d. - 3.66V
Metal lies above SHE acts as anode and metal lies below SHE acts an cathode. Metals lie above SHE has -
ve reduction potential values and metals lie below SHE have +ve reduction potential values. Its mean A
will acts as cathode and B will acts as anode. If one metal given in question lies above SHE and other lies
below SHE then emf can be find out as E° = Ecathode + Eanode. In this case take reduction potential of
A(cathode) and oxidation potential of B(anode). We also know that oxidation and reduction potential
values of a metal are same but witj opposite sign. E = Ecathode + Eanode = 2.33 + (+1.43) =3.66V
For cell reaction : Zn + Cu+² ---------> Zn+² + Cu cell presentation?
a. Zn|Zn+²||Cu+²|Cu ®
b. Cu|Cu+²||Zn+²|Zn
c. Cu|Zn+²||Zn|Cu+²
d. Cu+²|Zn||Zn+²|Cu
Electrode on which oxidation occurs is written on L.H.S and the other on R.H.S
Which of the following reactions is not feasible according to the electrochemical series?
(A) 2H2O + F2 ------> 4HF + O2
(B) 2KBr + Cl2 ------> 2KCl + Br2
(C) 2KBr + I2 ----> 2KI + Br2 ®
(D) 2KI + Br2 ------> 2KBr + I2
The reactions are based on the reactivity order of halogens F > O > Cl > Br > I Reaction C is
not feasible since iodine cannot displace Br due to its less reactivity. If you have any confusion, plz
concern topic "properties of halogen" in 2nd year chemistry. Read about oxidizing power of halogens
All of the following are applications of electrochemical series except:
a. Feasibility of reaction
b. Measurement of emf of cell
c. Relative reactivity of metals with acid and water
d. Determination of atomic size ®
2H+(aq) + 2e- -------> H2(g) The standard electrode potential for the above reaction
a. 0 ®
b. 1
c. - 1
d. 0.67
Standard electrode potential of Hydrogen is zero
The reference calomel electrode is made from which of the following
a. ZnCl2
b. HgCl2
c. Hg2Cl2
d. CuSO4
Calomel electrode is a type of half cell in which the electrode is mercury coated with calomel (Hg2Cl2)
and the electrolyte is a solution of potassium chloride and saturated calomel
Which of the following process takes place at SHE?
a. Oxidation
b. Reduction
c. Redox
d. Oxidation or reduction ®
It depends upon nature of electrode coupled
When SHE is connected to Cu-electrode, SHE undergoes ------- reaction
a. Oxidation ®
b. Reduction
c. Redox
d. Oxidation or reduction
SHE becomes anode and Cu-electrode becomes cathode because reduction potential of Cu is greater
than SHE i.e lies below SHE
A solution of sodium sulphate in water is electrolysed using inert electrodes. The products at the
cathode and anode are respectively:
a. H2 , O2 ®
b. O2 , H2
c. O2 , Na
d. H2 , SO2
In water available ions are Na+ , SO4-² , H+ and OH- . As reduction potential of H+ is higher than that of
Na+, so it reduces at the cathode and H2 liberates. and As oxidation potential of OH- is higher than that
of SO4-² so it oxidises at the anode and O2 liberates.
During electrolysis of aqueous CuSO4, products at cathode and anode are respectively :
a. Cu , O2 ®
b. Cu , SO2
c. H2 , O2
d. H2 , SO
In water available ions are Cu+² , SO4-² , H+ and OH- . As reduction potential of Cu+² is higher than H+ so
it reduces at cathode and liberate Cu and As oxidation potential of OH- is higher than that of SO4-² so it
oxidises at the anode and O2 liberates.
During electrolysis of aqueous CuCl2, products at cathode and anode are respectively :
a. Cu , O2 ®
b. Cu , Cl2
c. H2 , O2
d. H2 , Cl2
In water available ions are Cu+² , Cl- , H+ and OH-. As reduction potential of Cu+² is higher than H+ so it
reduces at cathode and liberate Cu and As oxidation potential of Cl- is higher than that of OH- so it
oxidises at the anode and Cl2 liberates.
Which represents same net equation as electrolysis of aqueous H2SO4?
a. Electrolysis of aqueous KNO3 ®
b. Electrolysis of aqueous PbBr
c. Electrolysis of aqueous CuSO4
d. Electrolysis of aqueous NaCl
For aqueous KNO3, aqueous NaOH, aqueous H2SO4, aqueous ZnSO4 and aqueous Na2SO4 we get H2
on cathode and O2 at anode
During electrolysis of dilution KNO3, which of them is collected at anode?
A) H2
B) K
C) O2 ®
D) N2
For aqueous KNO3, aqueous NaOH, aqueous H2SO4, aqueous ZnSO4 , aqueous NaCl and aqueous
Na2SO4 we get H2 on cathode and O2 at anode
Electrolysis of aqueous HCl solution produces
a. H2 gas at cathode ®
b. H2 gas at anode
c. Cl2 gas at cathode
d. Cl2 and O2 both at anode
O2 and Cl will compete for anode. Because the anode is positively charged and as oxygen is strongly
electronegative (having a negative charge) it would solely be attracted to the positive electrode if this
was electrolysis of pure water (remember, that opposite charges attract), but because Chlorine is even
more strongly electronegative it is preferentially attracted to the anode and released there
Which of the following are the strong electrolytes?
a) HCL
b) Acetic acid
c) Propinoic acid
d) H2SO3
The strong electrolyte is HCL because it is strong acid and acts as electrolyte. The acetic acid, propinoic
acid and H2SO3 are weak acid electrolytes
Fuel cells convert chemical energy into

a. Mechanical energy
b. Light energy
c. Electrical energy ®
d. Heat energy
An example of fuel cell
a. Lead storage battery
b. Daniel cell
c. Silver oxide cell
d. H2 - O2 cell ®
Electrolyte used in fuel cell
a. KOH ®
b. NaNO3
c. Aqueous NaCl
d. Aqueous H2SO4
Incorrect statement about fuel cells?
a. Anode has - ve charge
b. it is a secondary cell
c. its efficiency is 75%
d. Graphite acts as catalyst ®
In hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, the two electrodes are hollow tube made of porous compressed carbon
impregnated with platinum which act as?
(A) Inhibitor
(B) Reducing agent
(C) Catalyst ®
(D) Oxidizing agent
______________ and suitable catalyst are required to promote high rate of electrode processes.
a) Lower temperature
b) Higher temperature
c) Moderate temperature
d) Very low temperature
Higher temperature and suitable catalyst are required to promote the high rate of electrode processes.
The reaction at the anode produces electricity and water as by-products. The catalyst lowers the
activation energy required, allowing the reaction to proceed more quickly or at a lower temperature.
The residual product discharged by the hydrogen-oxygen cell is ____________
a) Hydrogen peroxide
b) Alcohol
c) Water
d) Potassium permanganate
The residual product discharged by the hydrogen-oxygen cell is water. It is formed by the oxidation
reaction taking place at electrodes and combining the hydrogen and oxygen molecules.
Which of the following is not an advantage of hydrogen fuel cell?
a. Fuel cells are rechargeable
b. Fuel cells produce drinking water for astronaut
c. Fuel cells are pollution free
d. Fuel cells are very cheaper ®

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
Concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium are
a. Equal
b. Constant ®
c. Maximum
d. Minimum
Equilibrium constant for gaseous equilibrium is represented by
a. Ka
b. Kc
c. Kp ®
d. Kx
The large value of Kc means that equilibrium
a. Less reactants and more products ®
b. More reactants and less products
c. Both are in less amount
d. Both are in appreciable amount
Kc = [products]/[reactants]
Equilibrium constant depends upon

a. Temperature ®
b. Presence of a catalyst
c. Presence of inert material
d. Actual quantities of reactants and products
Kc depends on temperature and concentration of reactants at equilibrium. Greater the temperature,

greater will be the Kc value for endothermic reactions and vice versa. Greater the temperature, lesser
will be the Kc value for exothermic reactions and vice versa Kc does not depend
upon Initial concentration of reactants, Pressure or volume, Direction of reaction, Catalyst
For the reaction, H2(g) + I2(g) < ----- > 2HI(g) the equilibrium constant Kp changes with
a. Temperature ®
b. Pressure
c. Catalyst
d. Concentration of H2 and I2

will be the Kc value for exothermic reactions and vice versa Kc does not depend
upon Initial concentration of reactants, Pressure or volume, Direction of reaction, Catalyst
For a reaction A + B < ------ > C + D when we start with 2 moles of each A and B, Kc = 25. What will be
the value of Kc If we start with 1 mole of each A and B?
(a) 25 ®
(b) 5
(c) 12.5
(d) 50
Kc depends on temperature and concentration of reactants at equilibrium. Kc does not depend upon
initiall concentration of reactants, Pressure or volume, Direction of reaction, Catalyst
For a reversible reaction, if the concetration of the reactants are doubled, the equilibrium constant will
be
(a) The same
(b) Halved
(c) Doubled
(d) One fourth
According to Le-chatllier principle, if conc. of reactants become doubled then forward reaction takes
place and conc. of products also increase so equilibrium constant also remain same Kc depends on
temperature and concentration of reactants at equilibrium. Kc does not depend upon initiall
concentration of reactants, Pressure or volume, Direction of reaction, Catalyst
The equilibrium constant for a reaction is 4.4×10-⁴ at 2000k. In presence of a catalyst, equilibrium is
attained ten times faster. Therefore the equilibrium constant,in presence of catalyst at 2000K is........
a. 4.4×10-³
b. 4.4×10-^5
c. 4.4×10-⁴ ®
d. Difficult to compute
Kc depends on temperature and concentration of reactants at equilibrium. Kc does not depend upon
initiall concentration of reactants, Pressure or volume, Direction of reaction, Catalys
The following reaction was allowed to reach state of equilibrium 2A + B < ------- > C The initial amounts
of the reactants present in 1dm³ of solution were 0.5 mol of A and 0.6 mol of B. At equilibrium the
amounts were 0.2 mol of A, 0.45 mol of B and 0.15 mol of C. Calculate equilibrium constant Kc?
a. 8.3 ®
b. 7.8
c. 6.6
d. 9.1
Kc = [C]/[A]²[B] Put the values of concentrations which are present at equilibrium stage
1g mole of ethyl alcohol and 1g mole of acetic acid are mixed. At equilibrium 0.666g mole of ester is
present. The value of equilibrium constant is
a. ¼
b. ½
c. 2
d. 4
C2H5OH + CH3COOH < ------ > CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

1mol + 1mol 0mol + 0mol
(1-0.66)mol (1-0.66)mol 0.66mol + 0.66mol
1-0.66/V 1-0.66/V 0.66/V 0.66/V
Kc = [CH3COOC2H5][H2O]/[C2H5OH][CH3COOH]
Kc = 0.666×0.666/0.33×0.33 = 2×2 = 4
Consider the following gaseous reaction system having partial pressure at equilibrium
2HI < -------- > H2 + I2
100 torr 50 toor 50 torr
a. 1
b. 0.5
c. 0.25 ®
d. 0.75
Kp = 50×50/(100)² = 0.25
When the equilibrium concentration of both reactants is 0.5 M each, the value of Kp under same
condition will be: H2 + I2 < ------ > 2 HI
(a) 125
(b) 50 ®
(c) 75
(d) 100
Kp = [HI]²/[H2][I2] = 0.5×0.5/2
A vessel contains CO2at 1000k temperature with a pressure 0.5 atm.some of CO2 is converted in to CO
on addition of graphite. If total pressure at equilibrium is 0.8 atm the value of KPis:
(a) 3 atm
(b) 0.3 atm
(c) 0.18 atm
(d) 1.8 atm
CO2(g) + C(s) < ---- > 2 CO

0.5 0 0
0.5-x 0 2(x)
As solids do not contribute to pressure. Given total pressure= 0.5-x+2x=0.8 >> x=0.3
Pco² = 0.5-0.3 = 0.2 atm and Pco = 2 × 0.3 = 0.6 atm
Kp =[ Pco]²/[Pco²] = (0.6)²/0.2 = 1.8 atm
Which is not a property of Kc?
a. May or may not have unit
b. Depends upom temperature
c. Depends upon equilibrium conc. of reactants and products
d. Associated with Ea not with extent of reaction®
Kc has no concern with Ea. Kc tells about extent of reaction
The chemical equilibrium of a reversible reaction is not influenced by
a. Pressure
b. Temperature
c. Concentration
d. Catalyst ®

will be the Kc value for exothermic reactions and vice versa. Kc does not depend upon Initial
concentration of reactants, Pressure or volume, Direction of reaction, Catalyst. But Chemical equilibrium
depends upon pressure, volume and temperature. On Endothermic reactions: • By
increasing the temperature, reaction is favoured in forward direction.• By decreasing the temperature,
reaction is favoured in backward direction. On Exothermic reactions: • By decreasing the
temperature, reaction is favoured in forward direction. • By increasing the temperature, reaction is
favoured in backward direction. A catalyst does not affect the equilibrium position and
equilibrium constant of the reaction. It increases the rates of both forward and backward reactions, as it
reduces the time to attain the equilibrium. Catalyst only helps to achieve the equilibrium earlier
In 2HI < ------ > H2 + I2 ∆H > 0 the forward reaction is affected by
a. Catalyst
b. Pressure
c. Volume
d. Temperature
For endothermic reaction ( ∆H > 0), change in temperature affects the equilibrium system and forward
reaction takes place with increase in temperature
Which of the following equilibrium is not affected by change in volume of the flask?
a. PCl5 < ----- > PCl3 + Cl2
b. N2 + 3 H2 < ----- > 2 NH3
c. N2 + O2 < ----- > 2 NO
d. SO2Cl2 < ----- > SO2 + Cl2
Change in volume affects number of moles per unit volume. In third reaction moles of reactants = moles
of products so volume change does not affect equilibrium
In a given system, water and ice are in equilibrium. If pressure is applied to the above system, then,
(a) More ice is formed
(b) Amount of ice and water will remain same
(c) More ice is melted

(d) Either (a) or (c)
Pressure on equilibrium system increases, so volume decreases. Volume of ice is more than liqued H2O
so more ice is melted
What will be the direction of reversible reaction when one of the product of the reaction is removed?
(a) Forward direction ®
(b) Backward direction
(c) The reaction is stopped
(d) At equilibrium
For the following reaction in gaseous phase CO + ½O2 < ------ > CO2 Kc/Kp is:
a. (RT)½
b. (RT)-½ ®
c. RT
d. (RT)-¹
Kp = Kc RTⁿ [∆n = np - nr = 1 - [1+½] = 1 - 3/2 = 2-3/2 = - ½]
Kc and Kp has same value for
a. Synthesis of NH3
b. Dissociation of HI ®
c. Formation of SO3
d. Dissociation of PCl5
Kc = kp if number of moles of product = nimber of moles of reactants
1mol of N2O4 was decomposed according to given equation in 1dm³ contain
N2O4 < ------ > 2NO2

a. 2x/(1-x) b. 4x/(1-x)
c. 2x/(1-x)² d. 4x²/(1-x)V
N2O4 < ------ > 2NO2 1mol

0mol at t = 0 (1-x)mol 2 (x)
mol at t = T equilibrium (1-x/V) (2x/V)
Kc = [NO2]²/[1-x/V] =
[2x/V]²/[(1-x)V] = 4x²/(1-x)V
For what value of Kc almost forward reaction is complete?
a. 10-³°
b. 10³° ®
c. 1
d. 0
Kc = [products]/[reactants]
The most favourable conditions for synthesis of NH3?
a. High temperature and high pressure
b. High temperature and low pressure
c. Low temperature and high pressure ®
d. Low temperature and low pressure
In Haber process, for formation of NH3, the pressure used is
a. 100 atm
b. 200-300 atm ®
c. 600 atm
d. 1000 atm
Ammonia is removed from equilibrium mixture by which method in Haber's process?
a. Cooling ®
b. Heating
c. Filtration
d. Decomposition
How much nitrogen fixation on earth is being done by Haber process
(A) 10%
(C) 13% ®
(B) 16%
(D) 25%
The unit of ionic product of water (Kw)
a. mol-¹ L-¹
b. mol-² L-²
c. mol-² L-¹
d. mol² L-² ®
Ionic product of water will increase if
a. H+ ions are added
b. OH- ions are added
c. H+ and OH- ions are added
d. Temperature is increased ®
When H+ ions added they combine with OH-. In this way [OH-] decreases hence Kw decreases. Same is
the case when OH- ions are added
On adding ammonia to water
a. Ionic product will increase
b. Ionic product will decrease
c. [H3O+] will increase
d. [H3O+] will decrease
On adding ammonia OH- will decrease and in result [H3O+] will increase in order to keep Kw constant
The value of pKw at 25°C is:
a. 14 ®
b. 7
c. 10-¹⁴
d. 10¹⁴
The value of Kc for H2O at 25°C is
a. 10-¹⁴ mole/dm³ ®
b. 14 mole/dm³
c. 1.86 × 10-^16 mole/dm³
d. 1 mole/dm³
pH of rain water
a. 5
b. 6
c. 6.2 ®
d. 7
pH of a solution is 9, the solution is
a. Weak acid
b. Weak base ®
c. Strong acid
d. Strong base
In case when [OH-] > [H+] the solution is
a. Acidic
b. Basic ®
c. Neutral
d. Cannot be predicted
Which one of the following is has lowest pH?
a. 0.1M NaOH
b. 0.1M KOH
c. 0.1M HCl ®
d. 0.1M HF
HCl is a very strong acid so has lowest pH
Equimolar solution of the following were prepared in water separately. Which one of the solutions will
record the highest pH?
a. SrCl2
b. BaCl2
c. MgCl2
d. CaCl2
All alkaline earth metal chlorides (MCl2) on hydrolysis produce acidic solution. Down the group acidic
character decreases so BaCl2 will have highest pH
Which one of the following has zero pH?
a. 0.5M HCl
b. 0.5M H2SO4
c. 0.1M HNO3
d. 0.5M CH3COOH
Remember: log 1 = 0 . [H+] is 1 in case of 0.5M H2SO4 because it is diprotic acid hence [H+] = 2×0.5M =
1 >>>> pH = - log 1 = 0
The pH of a solution is 5. To this solution, sufficient acid was added and its pH decreases to 2. The
increase in [H+] is
a. 10 times
b. 3 times
c. 100 times ®
d. 1000 times
pH difference = 5-2=3 pH is 3 when [H+] is 10-³

pH = - log 10-³ = 3 log 10 = 3 Greater the [H+], lower will be the pH
If molar conc. of HCl solution is 0.001M then pOH of solution is
a. 3
b. 4
c. 11
d. 10
pH = - log 10-³ = 3 log 10 = 3 and pOH = 11

1dm³ of CH3COOH which is 1% dissociate has pOH
a. 2
b. 12
c. 3
d. 11
% ionization = 1% = 1/100 = 10-² so [H+] = 10-² × 1 = 10-²

pH = - log 10-² = 2 log 10 = 2 and pOH = 12
The pOH of 10-^8 molar solution of HCl in water is
a. 8
b. - 8
c. 6 ®
d. - 6
pH + pOH = 14
The pH of an aqueous solution of a 0.1M solution of a weak monoprotic acid which is 1% ionized:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 14
0.1M = 10-¹ M , % ionization = 1% = 1/100 = 10-² [H+] = 10-² × 10-¹ = 10-³ pH = - log [H+] =
- log 10-³ = 3 log 10 = 3
pH for 10-⁴ mol/dm³ of Ba(OH)2 is
a. 3.7
b. 10.3
c. 4
d. 10
[OH-] = 2 × 10-⁴ so pOH = - log 2 × 10-⁴ = 4 - Log 2 = 3.7 and pH = 10.3
pH of 10-³ mol/dm³ of an aqueous solution of H2SO4 is
a. 3
b. 2
b. 2.7
d. 1.5
Suphuric acid is diprotic acid so [H+] = 2 × 10-³ pH = -

log 2 × 10-³ = 3 - log 2 = 2.7
A certain buffer solution contains equal concentration of X- and HX. Ka for HX is 10-^8. The pH of buffer
is
a. 3
b. 8 ®
c. 11
d. 14
pH = pka + log [salt]/[Acid] >>> pH = 10-^8
If NaOH is added to a solution of CH3COOH, then
a. pH of solution decreases
b. [H+] decreases
c. [OH-] increases
d. [CH3COO-] increases ®
NaOH will give OH- ions which will combine with H+ ions from CH3COOH and form water. CH3COO- will
left.
Strength of an acid is directly related to
a. Ka ®
b. pKa
c. pH
d. Kw
An acid will be the strongest if it has pH
a. 9
b. 6
c. 2
d. - 2 ®
Lower the pH, stronger will be the acid. Acid have negative values of pH
If an acid having Ka value less than 10-³ it will be
a. Strong acid
b. Weak acid ®
c. Moderately acid
d. Unpredictable
pH of 0.1M solution of weak acid is 3. The value of ionization constant ka of acid is:
a. 3 × 10-¹
b. 1 × 10-³
c. 0.01 × 10-³ ®
d. 1 × 10-^7
Ka = [H+]²/C = [1 × 10-³]²/0.1 = 1 × 10-^5
The pKb value for aqueous ammonia at 25°C is 4.8. What is correct pKa value for ammonium ions at this
temperature?
a. - 4.8
b. 4.8
c. 9.2 ®
d. 2.2
pKa + pKb = 14
If the difference, of pKa values of the two acids is two, then acid with smaller pKa is
a. 100 times stronger than other ®
b. 100 times weaker than other
c. 2 times stronger than other
d. 2 times weaker than other
REACTION KINETIC
In a reaction 2A ---> products, the concentration of A decreases from 0.5M to 0.38M in 10 mints. What is
the rate of reaction during this interval?
a. 0.012 M/s
b. 0.024 M/s
c. 0.002 M/s
d. 0.0002 M/s
Rate = change in conc/time = 0.5-0.38/600s = 2×10-⁴ M/s
The rate of reaction:
(A) Increases as the reaction proceeds
(B) Decreases as the reaction proceeds ®
(C) Remains the same as the reaction proceeds
(D) May decrease or increase as the reaction proceeds
The rate constant of a reaction changes when ...
(a) pressure is changed
(b) concentration of reactants changed
(c) temperature is changed ®
(d) a catalyst is added
The rate constant of the reaction increases by ...
(a) increasing the temperature ®
(b) increasing the concentration of reactants
(c) carrying out the reaction for longer period
(d) adding catalyst
The rate law for the reaction A + B -----> Product is given by an expression [A][B]. If concentration of B
is increased from 0.1mol to 0.3 mol, keeping the value of A at 0.1 mol, the rate constant will be
a. 3k
b. k/3
c. 9k
d. k ®
Rate constant is independent of concentration
If R = [NO]²[O2] , rate constant may be increased by
a. Increasing temperature ®
b. Decreasing temperature
c. Increasing conc. of O2
d. Increasing conc. of NO
Which of the following affect specific rate constant
A) concentration
B) temperature ®
C) catalyst
D) Surface area
If the temperature of the reaction is increased from 0°C to 50°C how many times rate will increase?
(A) 5 times
(B) 2 times
(C) 10 times
(D) 32 times ®
Rate of reaction is doubled for 10°C or 10k rise in temperature. For 50k rise in temperature rate of
reaction will be increased by 32 times
At 290 K velocity constant of a reaction was found to be 3.2 × 10-³. At 300 K, it will be
a. 1.6 × 10-³
b. 3.2 × 10-⁴
c. 6.4 × 10-³ ®
d. 3.2 × 10-²
10k rise, the velocity constant becomes nearly double.
A chemical reaction was carried out at 300k and 280k. The rate constants were found to be K1 and K2
respectively then
a. K2 = 4 K1
b. K2 = 2 K1
c. K2 = 0.25 K1
d. K2 = 0.5 K1
Rate constant double for 10°C or 10k rise in temperature. For 20k rate constant will be 4K K1 = 4
K2 or K2 = 0.25 K1
Rate constant for a reaction H2 + I2 ----> 2HI is 49 then rate constant for 2HI ----> H2 + I2 is
a. 49
b. 1/49 ®
c. 21
d. 63
For a reversible reaction, rate constant is also reverse
Velocity constant or rate constant is equal to rate of reaction when concentration of reactants are
a. 0
b. 1 ®
c. 2
d. 3
Rate = k[conc. of reactants] If concentration of reactants is unity then Rate = k

Value of velocity constant for ist order reaction is 3.46 × 10-³ min-¹ , the time for half life
a. 100 mints
b. 200 mints
c. 346 mints
d. 400 mints
Half life = 0.693/k = 200 mints
The half life of ist order reaction is 69.35 sec. The value of rate constant of reaction is
a. 1 s-¹
b. 0.1 s-¹
c. 0.01 s-¹
d. 0.001 s-¹
k = 0.693/half life = 9.99 × 10-³ = 0.01 s-¹
Photosynthesis is ........ Reaction
a. Zero order ®
b. First order
c. Second order
d. Third order
For the reaction H2 + Cl2 ----hv---> 2HCl taking place in water, the order of reaction
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
Photochemical reaction between H2 and Cl2 is a zero order reaction. However, the rate is influenced by
the intensity of sunlight.
The rate of photochemical reaction is independent of the concentration, therefore it is zero order
reaction
A zero order reaction is one
a. in which reactants do not react
b. in which one of the reactants do not react
c. whose rate is uniform and not affected by time ®
d. whose rate increases with time
Rate = k [conc. of reactants]° >>>> Rate = k
The plot of concentration of reactants vs time for a reaction is straight line with negative slop. The
reaction follows a rate equation
a. Zero order ®
b. Ist order
c. 2nd order
d. 3rd order
If the order of reaction is zero. It means that
(a) rate of reaction is independent of temperature
(b) rate of reaction is independent of the concentration of the reacting species ®
(c) the rate of formation of activated complex is zero
(d) the rate of decomposition of activated complex is zero
If initial concentration is doubled, the time for half reaction is also doubled. The order of reaction is ...
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Zero ®
If ‘a’ is the initial concentration of the reactant, the time taken for completion of the reaction, itif is of
zero order, will be
a. k/2a
b. a/2k
c. a/k
d. k/a
For zero order reaction, K= x/t . if x=a (complete reactant to react); t= a/k
Unit of rate constant for zero order reaction
a. mol dm-³ s-¹ ®
b. mol s-¹
c. dm³ s-¹
d. dm³ mol-¹ s-¹
Unit of rate constant of zero order reaction
a. M/s ®
b. s/M
c. M s
d. s-¹
If the half time for a particular reaction is found to be constant and independent of the initial
concentration of the reactants then reaction is of ...
(a) 1 ®
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 0
Radioactive decay is - - - - Reaction
a. Zero order
b. First order ®
c. Second order
d. Third order
Decay of U²³⁴ is ----- order reaction
a. Zero
b. First ®
c. Second
d. Third
The reaction L ---> M started with 10g L. After 30 and 90 mints 5g and 1.25g of L respectively are left.
The order of reaction
a. 1 ®
b. 2
c. 3
d. 0
After 30 mint amount is reduced from 10g to 5g. its mean half life is 30 mint. In 90 mints amount is
reduced to 1/8 i.e 1/2ⁿ n = 3.
The rate of ist order reaction is 1.5 × 10-² mol L-¹ s-¹ at 0.5 M concentration of reactant. The half life of
reaction is
a. 0.383 min
b. 23.1 min
c. 8.73 min
d. 7.53 min
For ist order reaction r = k[A] or k = r/[A] = 1.5×10-²/0.5 = 3×10-²

Half life = 0.693/k = 23.1 mint
Units of rate constant for a first order reaction
a. sec-¹ ®
b. mol/dm³
c. mol dm-³ sec-¹
d. mol-¹ dm-³ sec-¹
Rate = k[A]²[B] for the reaction 2A + B ----> Product and A is present in large excess, then order of
reaction is
a. 1 ®
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
If a reactant is in excess it means it is not a limiting reantant. Rate of reaction depends upon limiting
reactant
Catalyst decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is :
a. First ®
b. Second
c. Third
d. Zero
In the reaction A + B ----> products , if B is taken in excess then it is an example of
a. Zero order
b. Ist order
c. Pseudounimolecular ®
d. 4th order
The rate law, for the reaction Sucrose + Water ---(H+)---> Glucose + Fructose
a. R = k [Sucrose][Water]
b. R = k [Sucrose][Water]°
c. R = k [Sucrose]½[water]½
d. R = k [Sucrose]°[Water]
It is pueudo first order reaction because water is non limiting reactant i.e present in abundance. Plz
read the topic "Method of large excess" if u have any confusion
Inversion of sucrose is - - - - order
a. Zero
b. First ®
c. Second
d. Third
The order of chlorination of chloroform is?
a. 1.5 ®
b. 0
c. 1
d. 2
What is the order of reaction obeys the expression t½ = 1/ka
a. Zero
b. First
c. Second ®
d. Third
Half life of reaction becomes half when initial concentrations of reactants are made double. The order of
reaction will be
a. First
b. Second ®
c. Third
d. Zero
t½ = 1/ka Half life and initial concentration are inversly related to each other
The rate of reaction between two reactants A and B decreases by a factor of 4. If the conc. of reactant B
is doubled, the order of reaction with respect to reactant B
a. - 1
b. - 2
c. 1
d. 2
R = k[B]ⁿ -----> R/4 = k[2B]ⁿ -----> 4 = (1/2)ⁿ -----> 4 = 2-ⁿ -----> n = - 2
Ethyl acetate is hydrolysed in alkaline medium, its order of a reaction

a. 0
b. 1 ®
c. 2
d. 1.5
If rate of reaction between A and B is given by rate = k[A][B]² then reaction is
a. First order in A
b. Second order in B
c. Third order overall
d. All are correct ®
The rate expression of a reaction is Rate = k[A]²[B]². What becomes the rate of reaction kf A and B
concentrations are doubled?
a. Doubled
b. Increased four times
c. Increased sixteen times ®
d. Not affected
From given equation NO2 + CO -----> CO2 +NO Which reactants are present in order of equation?
a. NO2 + NO2 ®
b. NO2 + CO
c. NO + CO2
d. NO3 + NO
See textbook
The given reaction 2 NO + O2 ----> 2 NO2 is an example of

a. Zero order
b. Ist order
c. 2nd order
d. 3rd order ®
Half life a reaction is found to be inversly proportional to cube of its initial concentration. The order of
reaction is
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4 ®
d. 5
Nth Half life = 1/aⁿ-¹ here n is order of reaction.
Following mechanism is proposed for a reaction 2A + B ...... > D + E (i) A +

B ...... > C + D (slow) (ii) A + C ...... > E (fast) The rate law
expression for the reaction is
a. R = k[A]²[B]
b. R = k[A][B] ®
c. R = k[A]²
d. R = k[A][C]
Slow step' reactants appear in equation of rate of reaction
The rate constant of reaction is 3 × 10-³ bar-¹ sec-¹. The order of reaction is ...
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 0
K = rate/[R]ⁿ -----> bar s-¹/[bar]²ⁿ = bar-¹ s-¹
In one reaction concentration of reaction A is increased by 16 times, the rate increases only two times.
The order of the reaction would be ...
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) ½
(d) ¼ ®
R = k [A]ⁿ -----> 2R = k[16A]ⁿ ----> 2 = (2)⁴ⁿ ----> 4n = 1
If the rate of decay of radio-active isotope decreases from 200 cpm to 25 cpm after 24 hours. What is its
half life:
(A) 3 hours
(B) 4 hours
(C) 6 hours
(D) 8 hours ®
200 ---> 100 ---> 50 ---> 25 its mean 3 half lifes have been passed.
Half life = given period/number of half lifes = 24/3 = 8 hours
For a reaction A+2B ----> C the amount of C forned by starting reaction with 5 moles of A and 8 moles of
B
a. 4 ®
b. 5
c. 8
d. 16
2 moles of B give 1 mole of C so 8 moles of B will give 4 moles of C

If surface area of reactants increaseses then order of reaction is
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remain same ®
d. Sometimes increases sometimes decreases
Only the rate of reaction increases but order of reaction remains same
The order of reaction can be measured by:
(A) Dilatometric method
(B) Electrical conductivity method
(C) Half life method ®
(D) Absorption of radiation
The addition of a catalyst to a reaction change the :
a. Enthalpy
b. Entropy
c. Nature of reactants
d. Energy of activation ®
Which is not a characteristic of catalyst?
A) it accelerate the reaction but does not involve in the product
B) it can’t affect equilibrium constant
C) it is specific in its action
D) ∆H of catalyzed and uncatoalyzed reaction is not same ®

In Habers process, which one acts as catalyst for the catalyst?
a. Al2O3 ®
b. Te
c. Fe
d. Ni
Catalyst for the catalyst means activator
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a catalyst?
a) It participates in the reaction
b) It enhances the equilibrium rate
c) It activates equilibrium
d) It initialises the reaction
The main purpose of using a catalyst is only to increase the rate of achieving the equilibrium state in
case of slow reaction. Other than that it will not initiate or involve in the reaction.
Which of the following is a catalytic poison?
a) Potassium nitrate
b) Aluminium nitrate
c) Aluminium oxide
d) Chlorine
Aluminium oxide is known for its sophisticated properties and is mainly used in the process of corrosion
preventing it absorbs moisture and has high retentivity and hence is used as a catalytic poison.
Which of the following is used as a catalyst for the following reaction? N2 +

3H2 ⟶2NH3
a) Zinc
b) Chlorine
c) Platinum
d) Water
Since nitrogen and noble metals components have the same equilibrium valencies, we can see that one
will promote the other and vice versa. Thus nitrogen molecule is the best for platinum molecules.
Which of the following is used as a catalyst for the following reaction? H2O2 ⟶
2H2O + O2
a) Chlorine
b) Bromine
c) Platinum
d) Noble solutions
Since oxygen and noble metals components have same equilibrium valencies, we can see that one will
promote the other and vice versa. Thus oxygen molecule is the best for platinum molecules.
Which of the following is used as a catalyst for the following reaction? 2SO2 +
O2 ⟶2SO3
a) Chlorine
b) Nitrous oxide
c) Sulphur di oxide
d) Potassium chloride
Since sulphur and nitrogen components have the same equilibrium valencies, we can see that one will
promote the other and vice versa. Thus nitrogen molecule is the best for sulphur molecules.
Which of the following is used as a catalytic poison for the same reaction:
SO2 + O2 ⟶2SO3
a) Platinum
b) Bromine
c) Magnesium
d) Silver
Though nitrogen is used as a promoter, we can see that platinum reduces its activity and hence
decreases the rate of reaction of equilibrium in the above reaction.
Process in which catalyst has a different phase to a reaction mixture, this process is known as
a. homogeneous catalysis
b. heterogeneous catalysis ®
c. hypergeneous catalyst
d. hypogenous catalyst
Which of the following is an example of homogeneous catalysis?
a) Enzyme catalysis
b) Hardening of animal and vegetable oils
c) Haber’s process
d) Cracking of heavy oils for a synthesis of gasoline
Enzyme catalysis is an example of homogeneous catalysis. All the other options are not examples of
homogeneous catalysis.
Changes in oxidation number of ions which are involved in catalysis are done in
a. homogeneous catalysis ®
b. heterogeneous catalysis
c. hypergeneous catalyst
d. hypogenous catalyst
Homogeneous catalysis by soluble transition metal complexes offers many advantages over
heterogeneous catalysis, such as milder reaction conditions, higher activities and selectivities, and better
control of operating conditions. Such superior performance arises from the ability of transition metals to
complex with a wide variety of ligands in a number of geometries and to easily change from one
oxidation state to another
When temp. increases, the activation emergy of a reaction..?
a. increases
b. decreases
c. May be increase or decrease
d. No effect on activation energy ®
Activation energy can't be altered by temperature. Catalysts are molecules that speed up reactions.
Catalysts reduce the activation energy of reactions so that more successful reactions can occur without
increasing the temperature.
Consider an endothermic reaction, X....... >Y with the activation energies Eb and Ef for backward and
forward reaction respectively. In general :
a. Eb > Ef
b. Eb < Ef
c. Eb = Ef
d. No relation between Eb and Ef
When the energy of products is lesser than reactants, the reaction is exothermic. Energy of activation of
forward reaction is less than backward reaction for an exothermic reaction. • When the
energy of products is higher than reactants, the reaction is endothermic. Energy of activation for
backward reaction is less than forward reaction for an endothermic reaction
For and endothermic reaction, where ∆H represents enthalpy of reaction in KJ/mol, the minimum value
for energy of activation will be
a. Less than ∆H
b. More than ∆H ®
c. Equao to ∆H
d. Zero
For an exothermic reaction an activation energy of 70 KJ mole-¹ and the enthalpy change of reaction is
30 KJ mole-¹. The activation energy for the reverse reaction is ...
(a) 70 KJ mole-¹
(b) 30 KJ mole-¹
(c) 40 KJ mole-¹
(d) 100 KJ mole-¹
∆H for exothermic reaction is negative. ∆H = Ef - Er

-30 = 70 - Er -----> Er = 100 KJ/mole
For an endothermic reaction A ---> B. An activation energy of 15 Kcal mole-¹ and the enthalpy change of
reaction is 5 Kcal mole-¹ . The activation energy for the reaction B ---> A is
(a) 10 Kcal mole-¹
(b) 20 Kcal mole-¹
(c) 15 Kcal mole-¹
(d) zero
∆H for endothermic reaction is positive. ∆H = Ef - Er 5 = 15 -

Er ----> Er = 10 Kcal/mol
The activation energy of a reaction A+B ---> C+D+38 kcal is 20 kcal. What would be the activation energy
of the reaction C+D ---> A+B
a. 20 kcal
b. - 20 kcal
c. 18 kcal
d. 58 kacl ®
Energy is released is this reaction i.e 38 kcal so take ∆H is - ve because reaction is exothermic ∆H = Ef
- Er ----> - 38 = 20 - Er ----> Er = 58 kcal
Increase in the concentration of the reactants leads to the change in

(a) heat of reaction
(b) threshold energy
(c) collision energy ®
(d) activation energy
With increase of 10°C temperature, the rate of reaction becomes doubled.This increase in rate of
reaction is due to
a. Decrease in activation energy
b. Decrease in number of collisions
c. Increase in activation energy
d. Increase in number of collisions ®
A rise in temperature increases velocity of a reaction. It is because it results in
a. Increased number of collisions ®
b. Increased momentum of colliding molecules
c. Increased in activation energy
d. Decrease in activation energy
Activation energy of any reaction depends on
a. Temperature
b. Nature of reactants ®
c. Number of collisions per unit time
d. Concentration of reactants
Substances differ markedly in the rates at which they undergo chemical change. The differences in
reactivity between reactions may be attributed to the different structures of the materials involved; for
example, whether the substances are in solution or in the solid state matters. Another factor has to do
with the relative bond strengths within the molecules of the reactants. For example, a reaction between
molecules with atoms that are bonded by strong covalent bonds will take place at a slower rate than
would a reaction between molecules with atoms that are bonded by weak covalent bonds. This is due to
the fact that it takes more energy to break the bonds of the strongly bonded molecules.
Activation energy of a chemical reaction can be determined by
a. Changing concentration of reactants
b. Evaluating rate constant at standard temperature
c. Evaluating rate constants at two different temperatures ®
d. Evaluating velocities of a reaction at two different temperatures
Log K2/K1 = Ea/2.303R = [T2-T1/T1T2]
A Suitable method for studying the rate of a Reaction?
a. Graphical method ®
b. Optical rotation method
c. Spectrometry
d. Dilatometric method
From taking slope, we measure change in concentration in specific time.
CHEMISTRY PART 2
PERIODS
Which of the following decreases along the period?
a. Atomic radius ®
b. Shielding effect
c. Ionization energy
d. electron affinity
Atomic radius decreases along the period because
a. Screening effect increases
b. Number of shell increases
c. Number of protons increases ®
d. Ionic radius increases
Keeping in view of size of atoms, which order is correct?
a. Mg > Al
b. Lu > Ce
c. Ba > Mg ®
d. Cl > I
Size decreases along the period while increases down the groups. Mg > Ca > Sr > Ba > Ra
If we go from Li to F in second period, there would be decrease in
a. Atomic radius ®
b. Atomic mass
d. Electronegetivity
Which of the following has largest size?
a. Na
b. He
c. Cl
d. Fr ®
Which has the maximum atomic radius?
a. Al
b. Si
c. P
d. Mg ®
Atomic radius decreases along the period. Mg > Al > Si > P > S > Cl
Ionic radius of Na :
a. 186pm
b. 95pm
c. 99pm
d. 181pm
Atomic radius and ionic radius of Na are 186 and 95pm respectively. Atomic radius and ionic radius of Cl
are 99pm and 181pm
Which of the following has greater size?
a. X
b. X+
c. X- ®
d. All have same size
Greater the negative charge, greater the size. Greater the positive charge lesser is the size
Which species respresented by the following formula has largest radius
a. P-³ ®
b. Cl-
c. Ar
d. K+
Which has smaller size?
a. H
b. He
c. Li+
d. Be+² ®
Which of the following iso-electronic specie has greater size?
a. N-³ ®
b. F-¹
c. Al+³
d. Na+¹
Which is smallest in size?
a. O²¯
b. C⁴¯
c. F¯ ®
d. N³¯
Which of the following has largest size?
a. Al ®
b. Al+¹
c. Al+²
d. Al+³
Which cation has the smallest radius?
a. K+
b. Na+
c. Li+
d. Be+² ®
Li and Be in 2nd period resemble in properties with
a. Ca and Be
b. Mg and Al ®
c. O2 and H2
d. Na and O2
Diagnol relationship
Diagonal relationship is shown by elements of
a. Ist and 2nd period
b. 2nd and third period ®
c. Third and 4th period

d. 4th and 5th period
Al is diagonally related to
a. Li
b. C
c. B
d. Be ®
In SnCl4, oxidation state of Sn is :
a. +1
b. - 1
c. +4 ®
d. - 4
B, Al and Ga shows which oxidation state?
a. +3 ®
b. +5
c. +3 and +5
d. +6
Because they have 3 electrons in their valence shell
Phosphorus shows which oxidation state?
a. +3
b. +5
c. +3 and +5 ®
d. +6
+5 oxidation state w.r.t number of electrons in valence shell. +3 oxidation state w.r.t number of
vacancies
Which of the following can show highest oxidation state?
a. B
b. N
c. S
d. Mn ®
Mn > S > N > B
Which of the following pair have same oxidation state?
a. P, S
b. N, Ge
c. N, P ®
d. P, O
Elements of same group have same oxidation state
Which is incorrect statement?
a. Ist E.A value is always negative
b. Term electronegetivity is associated with molecule
c. E.A is associated with atom
d. Oxidation state increases down the group ®
Oxidation states of elements of same group are same
Which statement about oxidation state is incorrect?

a. It increases along period
b. It is apparent charge on an atom in a compound
c. Transition elements show more than one O.S
d. Maximum O.S is +7 ®
Lanthanide and actinides show ------ oxidation state
a. +3 ®
b. +5
c. +7
d. +1
Lanthanide contraction controls atomic sizes of elements of
a. 3th and 4th period
b. 4th and 5th period
c. 5th and 6th period
d. 6th and 7th period ®
It is the steady decrease in size of atoms and ions of rare earth elements with increasing atomic number
from lanthanum (57) through luteium (71)
Which one of the following elements has non variable oxidation state?
a. Be ®
b. Br
c. Cl
d. N
Which of the following element has highest conductivity?

a. Pb ®
b. Sn
c. C
d. Si
C and Si are poor conductors. Tin and lead are lead good conductors. Tin has greater conductivity than
lead
Which metals are known as coinage metals?
a. Cu, Ag, Hg
b. Cu, Au, Ag ®
c. Ni, Co, Zn
d. Ni, Co, Pt
Metals of IB group are coinage metals
Atomic number for four elements are 14, 17, 19 and 20. Which of the following element has lowest
melting point?
a. Element of atomic number 14
b. Element of atomic number 17
c. Element of atomic number 19
d. Element of atomic number 20
Number of electrons in valence shell indicates group to which an element belongs 14 >>
IV group | 17 >> VII group | 19 >> I A group | 20 >> II A group Elements of IV
group have very high melting points because they have maximum number of binding electrons.
Elements of IA group have low melting points. Elements of VII and VIII have very low melting points.
Trend of M.P in groups. IA < IIA < IIIA < IV > VI > VII > VIII Trend of melting point in given
options. 14 > 20 > 19 > 17
Which one have high Melting point?

a. P
b. S
c. Cl
d. Ar
Trend of M.P in groups. IA < IIA < IIIA < IV > VI > VII > VIII. P < S > Cl > Ar
Which of the following has lowest melting point?
a. H ®
b. He
c. Cl
d. Ar
Elements of IV group have very high melting points because they have maximum number of binding
electrons. Elements of IA group have low melting points. Elements of VII and VIII have very low melting
points. Trend of M.P in groups. IA < IIA < IIIA < IV > VI > VII > VIII . Melting points decreases down the
group. H > He > Cl > Ar
Which of the following has lowest melting point?
a. C
b. Si
c. Ca
d. Mg
Elements of 4th group (C, Si) have very high melting points. Melting point decreases down the group so
Ca would have lowest melting point but this is not true. Due to hexagonal structure of Mg, it has lower
melting point than Ca
Which of the following has highest melting and boiling point?
a. F2
b. Cl2
c. Br2
d. I2 ®
Usually melting and boiling point decreases down the group but in VII group, melting and boiling point
increases down the group due to increase in polarizability
Which of the following halide has high melting?
a. AlF3 ®
b. AlCl3
c. AlBr3
d. AlI3
Greater the electronegetivity difference greater the ionic character and greater will be the melting point.
AlF3 is purely ionic compound while AlI3 is predominantly covalent
Which of the following halide has high covalent character?
a. AlF3
b. AlCl3
c. AlBr3
d. AlI3 ®
Greater the electronegetivity difference greater the ionic character and greater will be the melting point.
AlF3 is purely ionic compound while AlI3 is predominantly covalent. Covalent character increases as the
size of halide ion increases
Which element has no boiling point?
a. C ®
b. O
c. H
d. N
Because it sublimize
Hydrides of forth period show greater boiling point than those of third period due to
a. Hydrogen bonding
b. Greater size ®
c. Low electronegetivity
d. Dipole dipole interactions
The energy released by gaseous ions when dissolving in water is called enthalpy change of
a. solution
b. hydration ®
c. atomization
d. electron affinity
From left to right in a period, hydration energy of elemnets
a. Increases ®
b. Decreases
c. Remain same
d. Variable
Charge increases and size decreases. Charge density increases
Which of the following has maximum hydration energy?
a. Na+
b. F-
c. Al+³ ®
d. Sr+²
Greater the positive charge, greater the hydration energy
Which of the following has maximum hydration energy?
a. Cs+²
b. Mg+² ®
c. Ba+²
d. Na+
Greater the positive charge, greater the hydration energy. IF more than 1 species have same positive
charge then check their size. Smaller the size, greater will be the hydration energy
Which of the following has lowest hydration energy?
a. Li+
b. Na+
c. K+ ®
d. All have equal hydration energy
Greater the positive charge, greater the hydration energy. IF more than 1 species have same positive
charge then check their size. Smaller the size, greater will be the hydration energy
Ionization energy does not depend upon one of the following factor
A) atomic number
B) shielding effect
C) nuclear force
D) mass number ®
Atomic number (directly) Nuclear charge/Proton number(directly) Shielding effect(inversly)

Nuture of orbital(inversly) Atomic radius(inversly)
Which of the following electrons should have highest value of ionization energy (for same value of
principle quantum number)
a. s ®
b. p
c. d
d. f
s electrons are strongly bounded to nucleus so Large amount of energy is required for removal of
electron
Ionization potential is lowest for :
a. Alkali metals ®
c. Halogens
d. Inert gases
Lower the no. of valence electrons lower is the value of ionization potential
Which of the following element has lowest ionization potential?
a. Li ®
b. He
c. H
d. Fe
Li belongs to ist group(alkali). There is 1e- in valence shell
Elements having low ionization energy:
a. Metals ®
b. Non metals
c. Semi metals
d. Metalloids
They lose electron easily and form positive ion
Ionization energy is highest for:
a. Nobal gases ®
b. Transition elements
c. Platinum metal
d. Inner transition elements
a. B
b. K
c. Na
d. Kr ®
a. B
b. Li
c. Ne ® noble gas
d. F
Highest ionization energy stands for :

a. He ®
b. H
c. N
d. B
Ionization energy of boron is less than beryllium because
a. Boron has higher nuclear charge
b. Atomic size of boron is more than that Be
c. Boron has only one e- p-subshell ®
d. Atomic size of boron is less than that of Be
the first ionization energy of beryllium is greater than that of boron because beryllium has a stable
complete electronic configuration (1s², 2s²) so it requires more energy to remove the first electron from
it. Electronic configuration of boron is 1s², 2s², 2p¹ Ionization energies of
III-A and VI-A show abnormal trend
Highest energy will be absorbed to eject out e- in configuration
a. 1s² 2s² 2p¹
b. 1s² 2s² 2p³ ®
c. 1s² 2s² 2p²
d. 1s² 2s² 2p⁴
Due to high stability of half filled p orbital
In which of the following process highest energy is absorbed
a. Li ----> Li+
b. Cu ----> Cu+
c. Br ----> Br-
d. I ----> I-
Cu has completely filled d orbital so highest energy is absorbed during conversion
The first ionization potential of Na, Mg, Al and Si
a. Na < Mg > Al < Si ®
b. Na > Mg > Al > Si
c. Na < Mg < Al > Si
d. Na > Mg > Al < Si
abnormal trend
How many ionization energies can carbon have?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4 ®
d. 6
Carbon has 4e- in its valence shell so it can lose 4 electrons
Which of the following gaseous atom has highest ionization energy?
a. P ®
b. Si
c. Mg
d. Al
P belongs to group having nitrogen means P has Stable half filled configuration. Further Ionization
energy increases from left to right in period.
Which ionization potential in the following equations involve greatest amount of energy?
a. Na -----> Na+ + 1e-
b. K+ -----> K+² + 1e- ®
c. C+² -----> C+³ + 1e-
d. Ca+ -----> Ca+² + 1e-
K on losing electron gains electronic configuration of Argon(noble gas) Electron is to be removed from
stable configuration. C+² = Be. Now of course there is no comparison of ionization energy of noble gases
with others. When ever it is asked about ionization energy, and you see that noble gas is given in the
option, just mark it without any hesitation.
First Ionization energy of Potassium is :
a. 419 kj/mol ®
b. -349 kj/mol
c. 721 kj/mol
d. 1870 kj/mol
Which of the following has maximum ionization potential?
a. Na
b. Mg ®
c. Al
d. K
abnormal trend.
First four ionization potential values of an element are 191, 578, 872 and 5962 kcal. The number of
valence electrons in element are:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3 ®
d. 4
Larger gap between 3rd and 4th ionization energies. Since 4th I.E is very high. Thus electron is to be
removed from stable configuration
a. N
b. O ®
c. F
d. Ne
abnormal trend.
a. B ®
b. C
c. N
d. O
Ionization potential increases across the period
a. N ®
b. O
c. S
d. P
abnormal trend.
What is the correct order of ist ionization energy of C, N and O?
a. C > N > O
b. C < N < O
c. C < N > O ®
d. N > O > C
abnormal trend
Which has the highest second ionization potential?
a. C
b. N
c. O ®
d. F
After removal of 1 electron, oxygen attains configuration of nitrogen (half filled p orbital)
.................... is index to metallic character
d. Shielding effect
Chlorine has how many sheilding electrons?
a. 2
b. 8
c. 10 ®
d. 7
Shielding electrons = Total electrons - Valence electrons
Measure of attraction of nucleus of an atom for extra electron is called :
a. Ionization energy
b. Electron affinity ®
d. SHielding effect
Ionization energy is maximum for which configuration?
a. 1s² ®
b. 1s², 2s², 2p^6
c. 1s², 2s², 2p^6, 3s¹
d. 1s², 2s², 2p^6, 3s², 3p³
Stable configuration (douplet is complete). Ionization energy for s > p > d > f. Nearer the subshell to
nucleus experiences greater nuclear force and hence require greater amount of energy for removal of
electron
a. He ®
b. Ne
c. Ar
d. Na
Nobles gases have highest ionization energy. Ionization energy decreases down the group
Electron affinity for noble gases
a. Zero ®
b. High
c. Positive
d. Negative
Stable electronic configuration and nucleus does not show attraction for extra electron
Electron affinity depends upon
a. Nuclear charge
b. Atomic number
c. Atomic size
d. Atomic size and nuclear charge ®
Electron affinity is lowest for :
a. Alkali metals ®
c. Halogens
d. Oxygen family
Atomic radius decreases from left to right due to increase in nuclear charge. Thus electron affinity
increases from left to right. Thats why alkali metals have loewst and halogens have highest electron
affinity
Correct order or electron affinity of B, C, N, O?
a. B > C > N > O
b. B < C < N < O

c. O > C > B > N ®
d. O > B > C > N
E.A increases from Left to right but elements belong to V-A group[N] has low electron affinity generally
considered zero because they have stable configuration(half filled p orbital) so they do not gain electron
because if they do so them become unstale. VI > IV > III > V
Which one has least electron affinity?
a. Oxygen
b. Nitrogen ®
c. Carbon
d. Boron
Which one has maximum Electron affinity?
a. B
b. N
c. Be
d. Cl ®
Halogens have maximum E.A due to their smaller size
Electron affinities of halogens are F = 322, Cl = 349, Br = 324 and I = 295kj/mol. The higher value for Cl
as compared to F is :
a. Weaker electron-electron repulsion in Cl ®
b. Smaller electronegativity of F
c. Higher atomic radius of F
d. More vacant p-subshell in Cl
Smaller radius of F and its high charge density makes its Electron affinity low. Size of fluorine atom is
very small as compared to chlorine atom and due to its small size there are strong inner repulsions
among valence electrons and so the outer electron doesnot feel the attraction from the nucleus. So
electron affinity of fluorine is less than that of chlorine.
In which of the following pairs of element, ist element of the pair has greater electron affinity
a. B, Al
b. N, P
c. S, O ®
d. F, Cl
As we move down a group from top to bottom electron Affinity becomes less negative because size of
atom increases . Electron Affinity for third period elements i.e ( Al, P , S , Cl ) their Electron Affinity is
more negative than the second period elements i.e (B, N , O, F ) , This due to smaller size of the atoms of
second period elements which produce larger electron repulsion for addition of electron
a. F
b. Cl ®
c. Br
d. I
a. Na
b. Mg
c. Al
d. Si ®
Electron affinity increases across periods. but elements belong to V-A[Si] group has low electron affinity
generally considered zero because they have stable configuration(half filled p orbital) so they do not
gain electron because if they do so them become unstale
Which of the following has highest electron affinity?
a. O
b. O-
c. F-
d. Na
F- is already negatively charged and its octet is complete hence it is neutral, so eliminate that Na is
electropositive instead of accepting it will lose electrons, hence it is no incentive to add electrons,
eliminate this too Now between O and O-,O has the highest affinity towards electrons than O- because
size of O < O¯= F. Due to smaller size of O, there will be greater force of attraction of nucleus. Hence O is
the correct answer.
Which of the following iso-electronic specie has minimum ionization energy?
a. Cl- ®
b. Ar
c. K+
d. Ca+²
All are iso-electronic species. If iso-electronic species are given, see their size. Of course negatively
charged species have greater size. Greater size means less nuclear attraction and hence easier will be
the removal of electron and lower will be the ionization energy.
Electron affinity is highest for which configuration?
a. 1s², 2s², 2p³
b. 1s², 2s², 2p^5 ®
c. 1s², 2s², 2p^6
d. 1s², 2s², 2p^6, 3s¹
Number of electrons in valence shell indicates group number of that element. Electron affinity increases
along periods. Option a has configuration of VA group. Option B has configuration of VII A group. Option
C has configuration of VIII A group. Option D has configuration of I A group.
On Pauling scale, which of the following does nit have electronegetivity equal or greater than 3.0
a. Oxygen
b. Nitrogen
c. Bromine ®
d. Chlorine
An atom with high electronegetivity has
a. Large size
b. High ionization potential ®
c. Low electron affinity
d. Low ionization potential
Which element has the highest electronegetivity?
a. C
b. Mg
c. O ®
d. S
Increases along the period because of high nuclear charge and small size
a. P ®
b. As
c. Bi
d. Sb
Electronegetivity decreases down the group

a. C ®
b. Si
c. Sn
d. Pb
Electronegetivity decreases down the group. C > Si > Sn > Pb
Electronegetivity of the following elements increases in the order:
a. C, N, Si, P
b. N, Si, C, P
c. Si, P, C, N ®
d. P, Si, N, C
N, P belongs to V A group while C, Si belongs to IV A group. Moreever C, N belongs to same period and
Si,P belongs to same peeiod. Electronegetivity decreases down the group. Electronegetivity increases
along the period.
Which is the most basic oxides?
a. BaO
b. Na2O ®
c. As2O3
d. Al2O3
Metals of IA and IIA groups (except Be) form basic oxides
Which of the following oxide is different from others?
a. MgO
b. BeO ®
c. BaO
d. CaO
Less electripositive elements (Be, Al, Ga, In, Bi) form amphoteric oxides.
Example of acidic oxide is :
a. SO3 ®
b. MgO
c. ZnO
d. Bi2O3
Non metals like C, N, P, O form acidic oxides
Which of the following oxides has greater acidity?
a. MnO
b. Mn2O7 ®
c. MnO2
d. Mn2O3
Oxidation state of metal also affects acid/base character of its oxides. The acidity increases with
increasing oxidation state. MnO < Mn2O3 < MnO2 < Mn2O7
Which of the following oxides is strongly ionic?
a. MgO
b. SiO2
c. SO3
d. Cl2O7 ®
In a given period, oxides progess from stongly basic through weakly basic, amphoteric and weakly acidic
to strongly acidic
Which of the following oxides have low basicity?
a. BeO
b. MgO
c. CaO
d. BaO ®
Basicity of metal oxides increases down the group while acidity increases along the period
Acidity of pentaoxides in VA group
a. Decreases ®
b. Increases
c. Remain same
d. First increases then decreases
Basic or metallic character increases. Acidic character decreases
The order in which of the following oxides are arranged according to decreasing basic nature is:
a. Na2O, MgO, Al2I3, CuO ®
b. MgO, Al2O3, CuO, Na2O
c. Al2O3, MgO, CuO, Na2O
d. CuO, Na2O, MgO, Al2O3
Along period, acidic character increases while Basic or metallic character decreases
The most basic among the hydroxides?
a. Ba(OH)2
b. Mg(OH)2
c. Ca(OH)2
d. Ba(OH)2 ®
Basic or metallic character increases. Acidic character decreases
Halogen atoms in which halides act as bridge between two atoms of other elements :
a. Covalent halides
b. Ionic halides
c. Polymeric halides ®
d. There are no such halides
Structure of AlCl3 is polymeric in which halogen (Cl) atom acts as bridge btween two metal atoms(Al)
Which can form polymeric halide?
a. Be ®
b. Na
c. Ba
d. P
Strongly electropositive elements (IA and IIA except Be) have higher electrienagtivity difference so they
form ionic halides. Less electropositive elements like Be, Ga, Al form polymeric halides. Less
electropositive elements of IV A, V A and VI A having less electronegetivity difference with halogens
form covalent halides. Na and Ba form ionic halides while P form covalent halide
Which is not an intermediate halide?
a. ZnH2
b. InH2
c. SiH4 ®
d. CdH2
Only MgH2, ZnH2, CdH2, TnH3 and TiH3 are Intermediate Hydrides. SiH4 is a covalent hydride
Halides having highest lattice energy are:
a. Iodides
b. Bromides
c. Chlorides
d. Flourides ®
Due to smaller size of F- ion, ionic flouides are more stable. So they have high lattice energy
Which of the following statements is not correct for an element having electronic configuration 1s2, 2s2,
2p6, 3s1
a. It is a monovalent electropositive
b. It forms basic oxides
c. It is non metal ®
d. It has low E.A
GROUPS
The electronic configuration of an element is 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p3. What is the atomic number of the
element which is just below the above element in periodic table?
a. 31
b. 33
c. 34
d. 41
For atomic number 33, number of electrons in valence shell are 5. Its mean it belongs to same period to
which element whose configuration is given in questions belongs
Which of the following pair has same number of electrons in valence shell?
a. N, O
b. Na, Ca
c. As, Bi ®
d. Pb, Sb
Because they belong to same group (V A group)
Group number of element in periodic table indicates
a. Valency w.r.t hydrogen
b. Number of electrons in valence shell ®
c. Atomicity
d. Number of shells
Which of the following determines position of an element in periodic table?
a. Chemical reactivity
b. First ionization energy
c. Number of electrons in outer orbital ®
d. Number of protons in nucleus of an atom
When Mg burn in air, which products are formed?
a. MgO, Mg3N2 ®
b. MgO
c. Mg(OH) 2, NH3
d. Mg3N2, NH3
The product formed when barium is heated in air or oxygen at 500-600°C :
a. BaO
b. Ba2O
c. Ba2O3
d. BaO2 ®
The alkaline earth metals burn in oxygen to form normal oxides except barium which form peroxides
Requirements for the formation of Magnesium hydride are:
a. Low pressure, Pt
b. High pressure, Pt
c. Low pressure, MgI2
d. High pressure, MgI2 ®
Mg reacts with Nitrogen on heating and give –––
a. MgO, Mg3N2
b. MgO
c. Mg(OH)2, NH3
d. Mg3N2 ®
Barium reacts with boiling water and produce:
a. MgO ®
b. Mg(OH)2
c. Mg3O2
d. Mg does not react with water
Mg reacts slowly with boiling water and quite with steam to produce oxide and H2
Barium reacts with boiling water and produce:
a. BaO
b. Ba(OH)2 ®
c. Ba3O2
d. Ba does not react with water
Barium, Strontium and calcium produce hydroxides and H2
Be reacts with water at :
a. Low temperature
b. High temperature
c. Low pressure and low temperature
d. Be does not react with water ®
Which of the following oxides is insoluble in water?
a. BeO ®
b. BaO
c. CaO
d. SrO
BeO and MgO are insoluble while CaO, SrO, BaO are soluble.
Which of the following oxides can react with both acids and bases?
a. BeO ®
b. BaO
c. CaO
d. SrO
Because BeO is amphoteric in nature while remaining are basic in nature
Which of the following oxides is more basic in nature?
a. BeO
b. BaO ®
c. CaO
d. SrO
Basicity increases down the group
Which of the metal hydroxides decompose on heating?
a. NaOH
b. KOH
c. CsOH
d. Mg(OH)2
All alkali metal hydroxides are stable to heat except LiOH whike alkaline earth metal hydroxides like
Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 decompose on heating
Which of the following carbonates of alkaline earth metals are least soluble in water?
a. BeCO3
b. MgCO3
c. CaCO3
d. BaCO3 ®
Solubility of carbonates decreases down the group

Which of the following carbonates of alkaline earth metals undergoes thermal decomposition easily?
a. BeCO3 ®
b. MgCO3
c. CaCO3
d. BaCO3
Ease of decomposition decreases down the group. The ease of decomposition can be related to the size
of metal ion, smaller the ion, the more is the lattice energy of the resulting oxide and hence higher the
stability of the product
Nitrates of Mg, Ca and Ba decompose on heating to give :
a. Metallic oxide + O2 + NO2 ®
b. Metallic oxide + O2 + NH3
c. Metallic oxide + NO2, NH3
d. Metallic oxide + O2
Nitrates of alkaline earth metals evolve ----- on heating
a. Only oxygen
b. Mixture of Oxygen and NO2 ®
c. Only hydrogen
d. Mixture of hydrogen and NH3
Which of the following sulphates of alkaline earth metals are insoluble in water?
a. BeSO4
b. MgSO4
c. CaSO4
d. BaSO4 ®
BeSO4 and MgSO4 are fairly soluble in water. CaSO4 is slightly soluble in water. SrSO4 and BaSO4 are
almost insoluble
Which of the following pairs of compounds of alkaline earth metals have opposite solubility trend?
(A) Carbonates and sulphates
(B) Oxides and hydroxide
(C) Nitrates and sulphates
(D) Sulphates and hydroxides ®
Solubility of carbonates, nitrates and sulphates decreases down the group. Solubility of oxides and
hydroxides increases down the group.
In the halogens, which is rarely found:
(A) Fluorine
(B) Chlorine
(C) Iodine
(D) Astatine ®
Only halogen that exists as liquid is bromine. The colour of bromine is:
a. Pale yellow
b. Greenish yellow
c. Redish brown ®
d. Grayish black
The element which causss burn to skin that heel slowly
a. F2
b. Cl2
c. Br2 ®
d. I2
Which halogen has greater ionization energy?
a. Fluorine ®
b. Chlorine
c. Bromine
d. Iodine
Flourine has highest ionization energy and electronegativity. Chlorine has greater electron affinity and
bond energy
Which bond has maximum bond energy?
a. F-F
b. Cl-Cl ®
c. Br-Br
d. I-I
Which halogen has greater melting and boiling point?
a. Fluorine
b. Chlorine
c. Bromine
d. Iodine ®
Because down the group in halogen family, polarizability increases.
Which statement is incorrect?

a. Halogen have positive standard electrode potentials
b. Halogens have irritating odours
c. Only bromine is found free in nature ®
d. Only iodine is a sublime substance
None of the halogens is found in free form in nature
The factor which doesn't effect oxidizing power of a halogen?
b. Hydration energy
c. Energy of dissociation
d. Electron affinity
Oxidizing power of halogens depends upon Hydration energy, Energy of dissociation, Electron affinity
and heat of vapourization(for Br2, I2)
What is the main factor for high Oxidizing power of flourine?
a. its low energy of dissociation ®
b. its high oxidation electrode potential
c. its high ionization energy
d. its high electronegativity
Which of the following reactions is not feasible according to the electrochemical series?
(A) 2H2O + F2 ------> 4HF + O2
(B) 2KBr + Cl2 ------> 2KCl + Br2
(C) 2KBr + I2 ----> 2KI + Br2 ®
(D) 2KI + Br2 ------> 2KBr + I2

The reactions are based on the reactivity order of halogens F > O > Cl > Br > IReaction C is not feasible
since iodine cannot displace Br due to its less reactivity. Iodine is a weak Oxidizing agent it cannot
oxidize other halogens
Which of the reaction is not possible?
a. F2 + 2Cl¯ -----> Cl2 + 2F¯
b. Cl2 + 2Br¯ ----> Br2 + 2Cl¯
c. Br2 + 2I¯ -----> I2 + 2Br-
d. I2 + 2F¯ ------> F2 + 2I¯
Flourine is the strongest Oxidizing agent. It can oxidize all other halogens. Cl can oxidize Br and I. Iodine
is a weak Oxidizing agent it cannot oxidize other halogens
Which halogen react with hydrogen in presence of sunlight?
a. F
b. Cl ®
c. Br
d. I
Reaction of ------ with hydrogen is slow and reversible
a. F
b. Cl
c. Br
d. I ®
Reaction of ------ with concentrated sulphuric acid produce free halogen
a. NaF
b. NaCl
c. NaI
d. All of these
NaBr and NaI gives free halogens.
A substance X when treated with conc. Sulphuric acid liberates a gas which turns starch paper blue. The
substance X is
a. NaI ®
b. NaCl
c. NaF
d. NaNO3
When NaF reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid, it gives :
a. Na2SO4 + HF ®
b. Na2SO4 + F2
c. NaF + SO2 + H2O
d. Na2SO4 + SO2 + F2
NaF and NaCl produce same products(Na2SO4+Acid) while NaBr and NaI produce same
products(Na2SO4+Halogen)
Chlorine cannot be prepared by action of HCl on
a. NaCl ®
b. MnO2
c. KMnO4
d. K2Cr2O7
Chlorine acts as bleeching agent in presence of

a. Sunlight
b. Pure oxygen
c. Moisture ®
d. Dry air
Which of the following is less viscous than water?
a. HF ®
b. HCl
c. HBr
d. HI
Because it has stronge hydrogen bonding
Which of the following has greater bond energy?
a. H-F ®
b. H-Cl
c. H-Br
d. H-I
In cold state (15°C), chlorine reacts with NaOH and form :
a. Sodium hypochlorite ®
b. Sodium chlorite
c. Sodium chlorate
d. Sodium perchlorate
The reaction of chlorine with cold NaOH is an example of:

a. Oxidation reaction
b. Reduction reaction
c. Disproportionation reaction ®
d. Decomposition reaction
Which of the following halogen is used as a disinfectant?
a. F
b. Cl ®
c. Br
d. I
Mainly chlorine is used. But bromine is also used.
% by mass is greater for which halogen in halothane?
a. F
b. Cl
c. Br ®
d. I
% of an element in a compound = mass of an element in a compound/mass of compound Total

mass of fluorine in halothane = 3 × 19 = 57. Mass of Cl = 35 Mass of bromine = 80. Its mean Br will have
greater % by mass in halothane
IUPAC name of Halothane:
a. 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1 trifluoroethane ®
b. 2-Chloro-2-bromo-1,1,1 triflouroethane
c. 2-bromo-2Iodo-1,1,1 triflouroethane
d. 2-Bromo-2-chloro triflouroethane
Monomer of Teflon is :
a. - CH2-CH2-
b. - CF2-CF2- ®
c. - CCl2-CCl2-
d. - CBr2-CBr2-
-------- is a valuable plastic which resists the action of oxidants, acids and alkalies
a. Freon
b. Teflon ®
c. PVC
d. Pyrene
Which of the following is used as a solvent?
a. Freon
b. Teflon
c. PVC
d. Pyrene ®
Feron is used in refrigeratnts and aerosol propellants. Teflon is a valuable plastic which resists the action
of oxidants, acids and alkalies. PVC is a plastic. Pyrene is a trade name of CCl4. It is used a solvent.
Pyrene is also used in fire extinguisher.
Which halogen has application is photography?
a. F
b. Cl
c. Br ®
d. I
Tincture of iodine is a :
a. Soft form of iodine
b. Solution of I2 in aqueous KI ®
c. Germicide
d. Mixture of I2 and water
Tincture of iodine is a disinfectant, is a solution of I2 in KI or NaI, disolved in a mixture of water and

ehanol
Which is used as a non stick coating for cooking pans?
a. Feron
b. Teflon ®
c. Argon
d. Krypton
Which of the following is not use of chlorine:
a. Formation of PVC
b. Photography ®
c. Formation of sodium chloride
d. Disinfectant and bleeching agent

TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Which have maximum unpaired electrons in its ground state?
a. Ni
b. Fe
c. Mn
d. Cr
Number of unpaired electrons in ground state in elements of period increases from Sc to Cr then
decreases to Zn. Si (1), Ti (2), V (3), Cr (6), Mn (5), Fe (4), Co (3), Ni (2), Cu (1), Zn (0)
Which have 3 unpaired electrons in 3d subshell?
a. Cr+³ ®
b. Sc+³
c. Al+³
d. Mn+²
Sc+³ (0), Ti+³ (1), V+³ (2), Cr+³ (3), Mn+³ (4), Mn+² (5), Fe+³ (5), Fe+² (4), Co+² (3), Ni+² (2), Cu+² (1), Zn+²
(0)
Colour of transition metal complexes is due to
a. d-d transition of electrons ®
b. Ionization
c. Paramagnetic nature of transition elements
d. Loss of s electron
Which of ion can not show d-d transition ?
a. Ti+⁴ ®
b. Cr+³
c. Mn+²
d. Cu+²
Because Ti+⁴ has no unpaired electrons
Which of the following paira of ions is colourless?
a. Ti+³, Cu+²
b. Co+² , Fe+³
c. Sc+³ , Zn+² ®
d. Ni+², V+³
Because they have zero unpaired electrons. Sc+³ (0), Ti+³ (1), V+³ (2), Cr+³ (3), Mn+³ (4), Mn+² (5), Fe+³
(5), Fe+² (4), Co+² (3), Ni+² (2), Cu+² (1), Zn+² (0)
Which of the following has maximum unpaired electrons?
a. Mg+²
b. Ti+³
c. V+³
d. Fe+² ®
Sc+³ (0), Ti+³ (1), V+³ (2), Cr+³ (3), Mn+³ (4), Mn+² (5), Fe+³ (5), Fe+² (4), Co+² (3), Ni+² (2), Cu+² (1), Zn+²
(0)
The number of d electrons in Fe+² is not equal to that of
a. p electrons in Ne
b. s electrons in Mg
c. d electrons in Fe
d. p electrons in Cl¯ ®
Fe+² = 1s2, 2s2, 2s6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d6 Cl¯ = 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6 Mg =
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2 Ne = 1s2, 2s2, 2p6
An element is in M+³ form. Its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d¹, the ion is
a. Ti+³
b. Ti+⁴
c. Ca+²
d. Sc+
[Ar] 3s¹ + 3e- = Ti it means M+³ form Ti+³ ion
Zn and Hg do not show variable valency like d block elements because
a. They are soft
b. They have complete d shell ®
c. They have only 2e- in valence shell
d. They have incomplete d shell
Lanthanoides and actinoides resemble in
a. Electronic configuration
b. Oxidation state ®
d. Formation of complexes
Both have +3 oxidation state
No. of electron pairs accepted by the central atom in a transition metal complex is called:
(A) Co-ordination sphere
(B) Co-ordination complex
(C) Co-ordination number ®
(D) Chelate
-------- indicates number of dative bond formed by metal ion or atom
a. Nature of chelates
b. Charge on coordination sphere
c. Coordination number ®
d. Oxidation number
Number of dative bonds formed by Cu in [Cu (NH3)4]SO4 :
a. 0
b. 2
b. 4
d. 6
Here Coordination number of Cu is 4 so number of dative bonds formed by Cu will be 4
In the silver ammine complex [Ag(NH3)2]+, the co-ordination number of Ag is:
(A) Zero
(B) One
(C) Two ®
(D) Three
Co-ordination number of Fe in K4[Fe(CN)6] is:
(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 6 ®
(D) Zero
Co-ordination number of Pt in K2[Pt Cl6]
a. Zero
b. 4
c. 6 ®
d. 2
The central atom along with ligand is called:
(A) Complex ion
(B) Ligand
(C) Co-ordination sphere ®
(D) Complex compound
Which of the following is bidentate ligand?
(A) Ammine
(B) Carboxyl
(C) Oxalato ®
(D) Acetato
Which of the following is not neutral ligand?
(A) NH3
(B) H2O
(C) CO
(D) CN–
NH3, H2O, CO, NO, PH3, CH3NH2 are neutral ligand

The common geometries found in complexes have coordination number
a. 4 and 6 ®
b. 2 and 4
c. 3 and 5
d. 0 and 1
You can say 2 is also common. But 6 is very common. From given options, 4 and 6 is the better choice
Which of the following complexes have square planar geometry?
a. [Mn Cl4]-²
b. [Cu (NH3)4]+² ®
c. [Fe(CO)5]
d. [Co (NH3)6]+³
Complexes with coordination number 4 may have either tetrahedral or square planar geometry.
Complexes with coordination number 6 have octahedral geometry. For complexes having coordination
number 4: If ligand is
strong, and the metal ions are the following ones then the geometry is square planar.Co2+, Ni3+, Ni2+,
Cu2+. Strong ligands are mostly those
ligands whose election pair is on a C or N atom. Ex: CH3-, CN-, NH3, etc.
[Ni(CO)4] may have geometry :
a. Tetrahedral ®
b. Octahedral
c. Square pyramidal
d. Linear
Complexes with coordination number 4 may have either tetrahedral or square planar geometry
[CoCl6]¯³ may be geometry:
a. Tetrahedral ®
b. Octahedral
c. Square pyramidal
d. Square planar
Complexes with coordination number 4 may have either tetrahedral or square planar geometry.
Complexes with coordination number 6 have octahedral geometry
dsp² hybridization is present in complexes:
(A) Tetrahedral
(B) Octahedral
(C) Square planar ®
(D) Tetragonal
d²sp³ hybridization is present in complexes:
(A) Tetrahedral ®
(B) Octahedral
(C) Square planar
(D) Tetragonal
COMPOUNDS OF NITROGEN AND SULPHUR
Which element is essential component of most of the fertilizers?
(a) C
(b) N ®
(c) P
(d) K
The role of nitrogen in plant development is as:
(a) Resistant against diseases
(b) To develop healthy root system
(c) To help in photosynthesis ®
(d) To stimulate seed and fruit formation
Nitrogen is part of the chlorophyll molecule, which gives plants their green color and is involved in
creating food for the plant through photosynthesis. Thus, Nitrogen enhances yield and quality of plants
The fertilizer among following which provide maximum % of N to plants:
(a) Ammonia ®
(b) Urea
(c) Ammonium nitrate
(d) Diammonium phosphate
Which of the following nitrogenous fertilizer is used in liqued state?
a. Ammonia ®
b. Ammonium sulphate
c. Ammonium nitrate
d. Ammonium chloride
Which of the following nitrogenous fertilizer do not make soil acidic?
a. Potassium nitrate ®
b. Ammonia
c. Ammonium sulphate
d. Calcium ammonium nitrate
Potassium nitrate, Sodium nitrate and calcium nitrate do not make soil acidic while all others
nitrogenous fertilizes make soil acidic
The most widely uses nitrogenous fertilizer is :
a. Ammonia
b. Potassium nitrate
c. Urea ®
d. Calcium nitrate
The most concentrated solid nitrogen fertilizer is :
a. Ammonia
b. Potassium nitrate
c. Urea ®
d. Calcium nitrate
Volume ratio of gaseous CO2 and ammonia in ammonium carbamate:
a. 1:2 ®
b. 2:1
c. 1:4
d 1:3
CO2 + 2NH3 -----> Ammonium carbamate

Formation of ammonium nitrate is an example of :
c. Decomposition reaction
d. Neutralization reaction ®
Formed by reaction between acid(HNO3) and base(NH3)
Ammonium nitrate is ----- in nature
a. Acidic
b. Basic
c. Amphoteric
d. Hygroscopic ®
Ammonium nitrate fertilizer is not used for which crop?
(a) Cotton
(b) Wheat
(c) Sugarcane
(d) Paddy rice ®
Ammonium nitrate is not used for paddy rice because
a. Denetrifying bacteria liberate nitogen gas ®
b. It is hygroscopic in nature
c. it has low nitrogen %
d. it is organic in nature
Which of the following is the major source of acid deposition in atmosphere?
a. CO2
b. NO
c. SO2 ®
d. CO
Which of the following gases have pungent ordour and are suffocating?
a. CO
b. SO2 and SO3 ®
c. NO and NO2
d. Methane
CO is suffocating but it does not have pungent odour
On global scale, most of the sulphur dioxide is produced by :
a. Volcanes ®
b. Combustion of coal
c. Transportation
d. Industries
SO2 and SO3 through various reactions in the atmosphere form:
(a) Sulphur
(b) CFCs
(c) Ozone
(d) Sulphate aerosols ®

The best yield of SO3 can be obtained by using
a. Low temperature
b. High pressure
c. Excess of oxygen ®
d. Pt as a catalyst
Low pressure (2atm), high temperature (400-500°C), Excess of oxygen, Presence of V2O5
Which of the following reaction is not involved in contact process?
a. S + O2 ----> SO2
b. H2S2O7 + H2O ----> H2SO4
c. SO3 + H2O ----> H2SO4
d. SO2 + O2 ----> SO3
SO3 is dissolved in 98% H2SO4 to give oleum which is converted into sulphuric acid by mixing water. SO3
is not dissolved in water directly because reaction is highly exothermic.
SO3 is not absorbed in water directly to form H2SO4 because
(A) The reaction does not go to completion
(B) The reaction is quite slow
(C) The reaction is exothermic ®
(D) SO3 is insoluble in water

In sulphur burner, iron pyrites are burnt in excess of oxygen to produce :
a. S
b. SO2 ®
c. SO3
d. H2S2O7
In purifying unit, gases after passing through lead pipes are washed by :
a. Spray of water ®
b. Steam
c. Conc. H2SO4
d. Coke
When gases are washed in purifying unit, moisture of gases is removed by :
a. Dilute H2SO4
b. Conc. H2SO4 ®
c. Steam
d. Boiling
Drying tower in purifying unit is filled with:
a. Ferric hydroxide
b. Coke ®
c. Lead
d. Iron
Arsenic impurities in contact process are removed:

(a) by prolong heating the gases
(b) by treatment with Fe(OH)3 ®
(c) in scrubbing tower
(d) in absorption tower
As2O3 is removed in the purifying unit of contact process for the manufacture of H2SO4:
(a) to act as a catalyst
(b) to act as an autocatalyst
(c) to avoid poisoning of a catalyst ®
(d) to act as scrubber
In contact chamber, pre-heated gases at 400-500°C are passed through ------ packed with V2O5
a. Lead columns
b. Iron columns ®
c. Platinum columns
d. Copper columns
1mole of oleum + 1mole of water ----->?
a. 1mole of sulphuric acid
b. 2moles of sulphuric acid ®
c. 2moles of sulphur trioxide
d. 1mole of sulphur trioxide
Sulphuric acid cannot be used as:
a. Oxidizing agent
b. Sulphonating agent
c. Dehydrating agent
d. Reducing agent ®
Which products are formed when formic acid is treated with conc. H2SO4?
a. CO2 , H2O
b. CO , H2O ®
c. CO, H2
d. CO2, CO, H2O
What happens when conc. H2SO4 is treated with sugar?
a. It forms carbon and water ®
b. It forms carbon dioxide and water
c. It forms carbon monoxide and water
d. It forms carbon dioxide
H2SO4 oxidizes S and give :
a. SO2 ®
b. SO3
c. H2S
d. It cannot oxidize S
When HBr reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid, it gives :
a. Br2 + SO2 + H2O ®
b. Br2 + SO3 + H2O
c. SO3 + HBr + H2O
c. SO2 + HBr + H2O
Which of the following gas cannot be dried with sulphuric acid?
a. CO
b. CO2
c. O2
d. NH3 ®
Ammonia cannot be dried by passing over conc. sulphuric acid because ammonia gas reacts chemically
with conc. sulphuric acid to form ammonium sulphate. The actual chemical used for drying ammonia is
Calcim oxide. Hydrogen sulphide gas also
cannot be dried using sulphuric acid as H2S gas is oxidised by sulphuric acid to Sulphur. Therefore, the
H2S gas has chemical action with acid and hence it reacts with it, therefore, cannot be dried using it.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
Which of the following is a primary pollutant?
a. CO ®
b. Aldehyde
c. PAN
d. H2SO4
Example of secondary pollutant is:
a. Nitrogen oxides
b. Hydrocarbons
c. Ozone ®
d. Ammonia
It damages eyes, decreases elasticity of lung tissues, coughing, chest decomfort and aggravates asthama.
It is harmful to the plants. It reduces durability of rubber. It causes fabric dyes to fade
Incorrect statement about carbon monoxide?
a. Colourless gas
b. Odourless gas
c. Three times Lighter than air
d. Insoluble in water ®
Major source of CO pollution is :
a. Forest fire
b. Volcanic erruption
c. Industrial process
d. Exhaust from automobiles ®
The residual time of NO in atmosphere is :
a. 3 days
b. 4 days ®
c. 3 hours
d. 4 hours
Paddy fields produce a significant amount of :
a. Nitrogen gas
b. Methane ®
c. Sulphur oxides
d. Nitrogen oxides
Acidification of soil and rocks can leach all metals except:
a. Ca
b. Al
c. Hg
d. Na ®
The elevated concentration of ----- in water is harmful for fish as it clogs the gills thus causing suffocation
a. S
b. Al ®
c. Pb
d. Hg
In some countries, due to release of ----- by volcanic eruption, there is temporary acid rain
a. SO2
b. SO3
c. HCl ®
d. CO2
The normal amount of overhead ozone is
a. 320 DU
b. 350 DU ®
c. 290 DU
d. 420 DU
Ozone layer is present in :
a. Troposphere
b. Mesosphere
c. Stratosphere ®
d. Thermosphere
Ozone act as pollutant when it is present in :
a. Troposphere ®
b. Mesosphere
c. Stratosphere
d. Thermosphere
CFCs are inert when they diffuses in:
a. Troposphere
b. Stratosphere ®
c. Mesosphere
d. Thermosphere
CFCs play an important role in removing ----- in Stratosphere
a. Oxygen
b. Ozone ®
c. Halogens
d. Neon
A chlorine molecule can destroy upto ----- molecules of ozone
a. 1 Lac
b. 10 thousands
c. 2 lac ®
d. 20 thousands
Chlorine atom can destroy 1lac molecules of ozone. Chlorine molecule can destroy 2Lac molecules of
ozone
Peroxyacetyl nitrate is an irritant to human beings and it affects human:
(A) Eyes ®
(B) Nose
(C) Ears
(D) Stomach
MACROMOLECULES
Incorrect statement about addition polymerization?
a. It is chain growth polymerization
b. It involved free radical mechanism
c. It is ionic in nature ®
d. It requires catalyst
Addition polymerization is covalent in nature while condensation polymerization is ionic in nature.

Condensation polymerization is step growth and do not require catalyst
Example of condensation polymer?
a. PVC
b. Polystyrene
c. Polyester resins ®
d. PVA
Dacron(polyester) is a polyester resins

Terylene is another name of:
(A) Dacron ®
(B) Polyethene
(C) PVA
(D) Nylon
Dacron has ------- linkage between its two components
a. C-N
b. C-O ®
c. C-C
d. N-O
Dacron does not have peptide linkage. It has ester linkage. Also known as polyester.
Nylon 6,6 has ------ linkage between its two components
a. C-N ®
b. C-O
c. C-C
d. N-O
Polyamide resins are formed by the condensation of polyamines with ------
a. Aromatic dicarboxylic acid
b. Aliphatic dicarboxylic acid ®
c. Aliphatic monocarboxylic acid
d. Aromatic monocarboxylic acid

In formation of Nylon 6,6, which of the following gives proton?
a. Hexamethylene diamine ®
b. Adipic acid
c. Terepthalic acid
d. Heptanedioic acid
A polymeric substance that is formed in the liquid state and then hardened to a rigid solid is called
A) Fiber
B) Plastic
C) Varnish
D) Polyamide resin ®
Naturally occuring polyamide is :
a. Protein ®
b. Nylon
c. Nylon 6,6
d. Urea
A polymer which is not a condensation polymer:
(A) Polyester
(B) Acrylic resin ®
(C) Nylon-6-6
(D) Polyamide
A regular coiling and zigzagging of polypeptide chains is a :
a. Primary structure
b. Secondary structure ®
c. Tertiary structure
d. Quaternary structure
Primary structure of protein does not have:
a. Covalent bond
b. Hydrogen bond ®
c. Peptide bond
d. Vander waal forces
Secondary and tertiary structure have hydrogen bonding
A nucleoside involves combination of:
a. Sugar + Base ®
b. Sugar + Acid
c. Sugar + Base + H3PO4
d. H3PO4 + Nucleotide
The key to the ability of DNA to preserve genetic information and to pass it on from generation to
generation is :
a. double standard structure of DNA ®
b. AT rich regions in DNA
c. Hydrogen bonding
d. Absence of uracil
Discovery of ------ initiated the field of molecular biology
a. Nucleic acid
b. RNA
c. Doubled stranded structure of DNA ®
d. Chromosomes
-------- direct the synthesis of protein in our body
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Nucleic acids ®
d. Purines
Which of the following nitrogenous base has doubled ringed structure?
a. Uracil
b. Thymine
c. Guanine
d. Cytosine
Purines (adenine and guanine) are doubled ringed structures
The nitrogenous base different in RNA as compared to DNA is
(A) Cytosine
(B) Thymine ®
(C) Adenine
(D) Guanine
___________________________________________________________________
______
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT
1. Complete combustion of methane produces:
a. CO2
b. CO2 + H2O
c. CO + H2O
d. CO + CO2 + H2O
2. Incomplete combustion of methane produces:
a. CO2
b. CO2 + H2O
c. CO + H2O
d. CO + CO2 + H2O
3. Combustion engine will have greater efficiency if we burnt ----- in engine

a. Methane
b. Ethane
c. Propane
d. Butane
4. Which term is used to convert higher alkane into lower alkane / alkene
(A) Pyrolysis
(B) Hydrolysis
(C) Catalysis
(D) Electrolysis
5. Which is amino functional group
(A) –CN
(B) C = NH
(C) –NH2
(D) –C = NH2
6. Which is mercapto functional group?
(A) –SH
(B) –COOH
(C) –OH
(D) –CHO
7. CH3–CN is a :
a. Ethyl cyanide
b. Ethane nitrile
c. Methyl amine
d. Methylimine
8. Ethers can be presented by:
(A) –OH
(B) R–COOH
(C) R–CO–R
(D) R–O–R
9. Urea has the functional group:
(A) Amine
(B) Carboxylic acid
(C) Ether
(D) Acid amide
10. Alkanone is another name of:
(A) Carboxylic acids
(B) Alcohols
(C) Aldehydes
(D) Ketones
11. The general formula (RCO)2O represents:
(A) An ester
(B) An ether
(C) An acid anhydride

(D) An aldehyde
12. C2H6O shows type of - - - - - isomerism
a. Chain
b. Metamerism
c. Position isomerism
d. Functional group isomerism
13. C3H6O shows type of - - - - - isomerism
a. Chain
b. Metamerism
c. Position isomerism
d. Functional group isomerism
14. Glucose and fructose are:
(A) Cis-trans isomers
(B) Metamers
(C) Chain isomers
(D) Functional group isomers
15. These are geometrical isomers:
(A) Maleic acid and maleic anhydride
(B) Maleic acid and fumaric acid
(C) Ethylene dichloride and 1, 2-dichloroethene
(D) 1-Butene and 2-Butene

16. Which of the following can show geometric isomerism?
a. 1-Butene
b. Ethylbromide
c. Butenedioic acid
d. 2-Propenol
17. Which of the following will show geometric isomerism?
a. C2H5Br
b. CH2 (COOH)
c. (CH)2 (COOH)2
d. C2H6
18. Fumaric acid and maleic acid are:
(A) Metamers
(B) Chain isomers
(C) Functional group isomers
(D) Cis-trans isomers
19. Which of the following does not show tautomerism?
a. C6H5–CO–CH3
b. CH3CHO
c. C6H5–CO(CH3)3
d. CH3–CO–CH4
20. Diethyl ketone and Methyl-n-propyl ketone are :
a. Tautomers
b. Functional group isomers
c. Chain isomers
d. Metamers
21. Which of the following isomerism is most common among ethers?
a. Tautomerism
b. Position isomerism
c. Chain isomerism
d. Metamerism
22. Which class of compounds cannot show positional isomerism?
a. Alkanes
b. Alkenes
c. Alkynes
d. Alcohols
23. 2–pentene shows phenomenon of
a. Metamerism
b. Functional group isomerism
c. Tautomerism
d. Geometric isomerism
24. Alkanes show which type of isomerism?

a. Positional
b. Geometric
c. Metameric
d. Skeletal
25. Which isomerism is independent of functional group?
a. Functional group isomerism
b. Position isomerism
c. Chain isomerism
d. Metamerism
26. Compounds which have same structural and molecular formula but differ with respect to positions
of the attached groups in space are
a. Geometric isomers
b. Functional group isomers
c. Tautomers
d. Position isomers
27. Neo pentane is also known as
a. 2,2–Dimethyl propane
b. 2,3–Dimethyl pentane
c. Ethylmethylbutane
d. Dimethyl propane
28. IUPAC name of (C6H5)3 CH
a. Triphenylmethane
b. 2,2,2 Trimethyl benzene
c. 2,2,2 Methyl benzene
d. Methyl phenyl benzene
29. 1-Buten-3-yne also known as :
a. 1-Methyl-2propyne
b. Isobutylene
c. Vinylacetylene
d. 3-Methyl-propene
30. Which of the following free radicals is most stable?
(A) Primary
(B) methyl
(C) secondary
(D) tertiary
31. Which of the following has the highest nucleophilicity?
(A) F¯
(B) OH¯
(C) CH3¯
(D) NH2¯
32. Which of the following statement is incorrect about electrophiles?
a) Electrophiles are positively charged or neutral species having vacant orbitals
b) The electrophiles are attacked by the most electron-populated part of one nucleophile
c) Chemical species that do not satisfy the octet rule such as carbenes and radicals are electrophiles
d) Electrophiles are Lewis base
33. Which of the following is not an electrophile?
a) H2O
b) Cl2
c) HBr
d) Br2
34. Which is an electrophile?
a. BCl3
b. CH3OH
c. NH3
d. AlCl4¯
35. Which of the following carbonium ion is most stable?
(A) Primary
(B) methyl
(C) secondary
(D) tertiary
36. Extremely reactive specie is :
a. Nucleophile
b. Electrophile
c. Free radical
d. Ion
37. An organic compound having functional group –COCl are called :
a. Acyl halide
b. Aryl halide
c. Alkyl halide
d. Vinyl halide
38. Select a nucleophile from the following:
(A) Nitronium ion
(B) Carbonium ion
(C) Carbanion
(D) Ammonium ion
39. Which one is the least stable carbanion?
a. Methyl
b. Primary
b. Secondary
d. Tertiary
40. Carbocation is a/an:
(A) Electrophile
(C) Nucleophile
(B) Free radical
(D) Group of atoms

41. Consider the following structure CH2 OHCH OHCH2 OH. Correct name of the above structure?
a. Ethylene glycol
b. Glycerol
c. Propylene glycol
d. Ter. propyl glycol
42. Common name of 2-Hydroxy propanoic acid is
a. Citric acid
b. Tartaric acid
c. Ascorbic acid
d. Lactic acid
43. Common name of 2,3-Dihydeoxybutane-1,4-dioic acid is :
a. Citric acid
b. Tartaric acid
c. Ascorbic acid
d. Lactic acid
KEY
1. B
2. D
3. A Lesser the carbon numbers, greater will be the efficiency but lesser amount of energy will be
produced
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. B Methyl cyanide or Ethane nitrile
8. C
9. D
10. D
11. C R–CO-O-CO–R
12. D C2H5–OH and CH3–OCH3 . Alcohol and ethers are functional group isomers and they follow
CnH2n+2 O. Aldehyde and ketones are functional group isomers and they follow CnH2n O. Carboxylic
acid and esters are functional group isomers and they follow CnH2n O2
13. D C2H5–CHO and CH3–CO–CH3 . Alcohol and ethers are functional group isomers and they
follow CnH2n+2 O.Aldehyde and ketones are functional group isomers and they follow CnH2n O.
Carboxylic acid and esters are functional group isomers and they follow CnH2n O2
14. D Aldehydes and ketones are functional group isomerism
15. B Maleic acid is Cis and Fumaric acid is Trans
16. C Butenedioic can show cis (–COOH on same side) and trans (–COOH on opposite side) isomers.
2–Butene can show geometric isomerism but 1–Butene cannot show. Trans form is more stable due to
opposite presence of bulky groups
17. C
18. D
19. C Bscause it lakes alpha hydrogen. Benzaldehyde and benzophenone do not show tautomerism
due to lack of alpha hydrogen
20. D Because they have same functional groups and do not have difference in their chain structure
however have difference in position of functional group so they can be positional isomers. Due to
unequal distribution of carbon atoms on either side of functional group they are also metamers. In
tautomerism there is shifting of hydrogen so they are not tautomers
21. D
22. A Because they do not have proper functional group
23. D Cis and trans 2–pentene
24. D
25. C n-pentane, iso-pentane, neo-pentane
26. A
27. A
28. A
29. C
30. D Electron poor species are stabilized by neighboring atoms that can donate electron
density. The most common way to interpret rich neighbors here is the observation that
increasing the number of alkyl groups on the carbon bearing the free radical increases its
stability. Radical stability increases in the order. methyl < primary < secondary < tertiary
31. C A nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to

form a chemical bond in relation to a reaction. Electronegativity – “greed for electrons” – is the
opposite of nucleophilicity – “giving away electrons. So less the electronegativity more the
nucleophilicity of ion. In these options, CH3- has the highest nucleophilicity.It is due less
electronegativity of C-atom among the N, O, F, and C. CH3¯ > NH2¯ > OH¯ > F¯
32. D Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids not Lewis base, according to
Acid-Base reaction theories.
33. C Hydrogen bromide is a strong acid, it is able to donate a proton to a molecule or anion
with a nucleophilic site.
34. A Electron deficient (incomplete octet) species act as electrophile
35. D methyl < primary < secondary < tertiary

36. C
37. A Acyl halide/Acid halide [CH3-CH2-CO-Cl] , Aryl halide/Phenyl halide [C6H5–Cl] , Alkyl
halide [CH3-CH2-Cl] , Vinyl halide [CH2=CH–Cl]
38. C
39. D methy > primary > secondary > tertiary
40. A
41. B
42. D
43. B
HYDROCARBON (ALKANES)
1. Halogenation of alkanes is an example of :
a. Nucleophilic substitution
b. Free radical mechanism
c. Oxidation reaction
d. Eimenatiom reaction
2. Extent of Halogenation depends upon:
a. Amount of alkanes
b. Amount of halogen
c. Nature of light
d. Amount of catalyst
3. Function of light in Halogenation of alkanes is :
a. Breaking of chlorine molecule into atoms
b. Breaking of chlorine molecule into ions
c. Breaking of higher alkanes into smaller
d. Formation of Nucleophilic reagent
4. In ist step of Halogenation which of the following acts as electrophilic reagent?
a. Sunlight
b. Halogen ®
c. Alkane
d. Halide ion
5. In which step of Halogenation, radical is used and also producd?
a. Initiation
b. Propagation
c. Termination
d. In all these steps
6. Methane reacts with HCl under ordinary condition of temperature, which of the following product can
be formed?
a. Methyl chloride
b. Chloroform
c. Carbon tetrachloride
d. Reaction will not occur
7. In which product of Halogenation, methylene is present?

a. CH3Cl
b. CH2Cl2
c. CHCl3
d. All of these
8. Which of the following reactions is not synthetically important?
a. Combustion
b. Halogenation
c. Kolbe's Electrolytic method
d. Hydrogenation
9. During halogenation, if an excess of methane reacts with chlorine in sunlight to form chloromethane,
what will be the major product?
(A) Monochloro methane
(B) Dichloromethane
(C) Trichloromethane
(D) Tetrachloro methane
10. In propagation step of chlorination of methane,
a. Homolytic fission occurs
b. Hetrolytic fission occurs
c. Fission does not occur
d. In propagation, Cl° combines with C
KEY
1. B It is also an example of electrophilic substitution reaction because hydrogen atom is removed by
halogen in form of electrophile
2. B
3. A
4. B In the methane molecule, the carbon‐hydrogen bonds are low‐polarity covalent bonds. The
halogen molecule has a nonpolar covalent bond. UV light contains sufficient energy to break the weaker
nonpolar chlorine‐chlorine bond (∼58 kcal/mole), but it has insufficient energy to break the stronger
carbon‐hydrogen bond (104 kcal/mole). The fracture of the chlorine molecule leads to the formation of
two highly reactive chlorine free radicals (chlorine atoms). A free radical is an atom or group that has a
single unshared electron.The bond that is ruptured is said to have broken in a homolytic fashion; that is,
each of the originally bonded atoms receives one electron. This initial reaction is called the initiation
step. This halogen atom(free radical) acts as electrophile
5. B H3C–H + Cl° -----> CH3° + HCl
6. D Alkanes are least reactive and give substitution reaction at high temperature
7. B In organic chemistry, a methylene group is any part of a molecule that consists of two hydrogen
atoms bound to a carbon atom, which is connected to the remainder of the molecule by two single
bonds. –CH2–
8. C
9. A Greater the amount of alkane uses, greater will be the amount of alkane in the product. Greater
the amount of halogen uses, greater will be the amount of halogen in the product.
10. A When a chlorine free radical approaches a methane molecule, a homolytic fission of a
carbon‐hydrogen bond occurs. The chlorine free radical combines with the liberated hydrogen
free radical to form hydrogen chloride and a methyl free radical. This is called a propagation
step, a step in which both a product and a reactive species, which keeps the reaction going, are
formed.
HYDROCARBON (ALKENES)
1. Preparation of alkene from alkyle halides is an example of :
a. Substitution reaction
b. Elimination reaction
c. Rearangement reaction
d. Free radical mechanism
2. Dehydeohalogenation of alkyl halide for synthesis of alkenes takes place in:
a. Acidic medium
b. Basic medium
c. Alcoholic KOH
d. Aqueous medium
3. In dehydrogenation of haloalknes(alkyl halides) which one acts as nucleophile?
a. OH¯
b. K+
c. Br¯
d. CH3¯
4. Dehydration of alcohols give alkene in presence of :
a. Conc. H2SO4
b. Pt
c. Fe
d. V2O5
5. Which of the following alcohol undergoes dehydration more easily?
a. Ethyll alcohol
b. 2-Propanol
c. Propan-1-ol
d. 2-methylpropan-2-ol
6. Conditions for tertiary alcohol to undergoes dehydration?
a. 75% H2SO4 , 150°C
b. 60% H2SO4, 100°C
c. 20% H2SO4, 85°C
d. 85% H2SO5 , 100°C
7. Which of the following product will be obtained by treating 2-Butanol with conc. H2SO4?
a. 1-Butene
b. 2-Butene
c. 2-methyl butene
d. Mixture of 1-Butene and 2-Butene
8. Which of the following alcohol show stability for dehydration?
a. Ethanol
b. Butanol
c. 2-Butanol
d. 2-methylpropan-2-ol
9. Vicinal dihalide on treatment with Zn dust give :
a. Alkane
b. Alkene
c. Alkyne
d. Alcohol
10. Dehalogenation of Vicinal Dihalides occurs in which of the following solvent?
a. Aqueous
b. Alcoholic
c. Basic
d. Dehalogenation only requires Zn
11. In Kolbe's Electrolytic Method of alkene preparation, which product is obtained at anode?
a. H2O
b. NaOH
c. Alkene
d. Na
12. 2-Butyne is converted into Trans-Alkene in presence of :
a. Lindlar's catalyst
b. Na/liqued NH3 , - 33°C
c. Methanol
d. P2O5
13. Lindlar's catalyst is used to ensure :
a. Electrolysis of dicarboxylic acid
b. Partial hydrogenation of alkynes
c. Dehydrogenation of alkyl halide
d. Hydration of alkenes
14. Alkenes undergo:
a. Nucleophile substitution reaction
b. Electrophilic substitution reaction
c. Nucleophilic addition reaction
d. Electrophilic addition reaction
15. In electrophilic addition reaction of alkenes, nucleophile attacks on :
a. C=C
b. Carbocation
c. Carbanion
d. Nucleophile does not attack at all
16. Hydrogenation of alkene is ----- in nature
a. Isothermal
b. Endothermic
c. Qualitative
d. Quantitative
17. Raney Nickel is prepared by treating :
a. Ni with potassium hydroxide
b. Ni-Al alloy with potassium hydroxide
c. Ni with caustic soda
d. Ni-Al alloy with caustic soda
18. Most alkanes are dehydrogenated over Raney Nickle at :
a. 1000°C and 3 atm

b. 100°C and 3 atm
c. 100°C and 1 atm
d. 1000° and 5 atm
19. 3-Methyl-1-Butene under presence of Raney Nickle give :
a. Cyclopentane
b. iso-Pentane
c. Pentane
d. 2-Ethyl Propane
20. Following reaction is an example of : H2C = CH2 + HBr -----> H3C–CH2–Br
21. Which product will be obtained for the following reaction? Isobutylene + HBr -----> X
a. 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane
b. 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane
c. 2-Bromo butane
d. 1-Bromo butane
22. Which product will be obtained for the following reaction if reaction occurs in presence of peroxide or
sunlight? Isobutylene + HBr -----> X
a. 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane
b. 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane
c. 2-Bromo butane
d. 1-Bromo butane
23. Addition of cold concentrated sulphuric acid to alkene to produce alcohol is an example of :
a. Dehydration reaction
b. Hydration reaction
c. Decomposition reaction
d. Elimination reaction
24. The reaction in which addition of halogens in alkene take place via intermediate formation are:
25. Which of the following tests used for detection of a double bond in alkene?
a. Addition of halogen
b. Addition of hypohalous acid
c. Ozonolysis
d. Addition of oxygen
26. Which of the following tests used for detection of a double bond in alkene
a. Addition of halogen
b. Addition of hypohalous acid
c. Ozonolysis
d. Hydroxylation
27. In which of the following reactions of alkene, molecules of solvent become reactants too?
a. Alkene ----> Halohydrin
b. Alkene ----> Epoxide
c. Alkene ----> Aldehyde
d. Alkene ----> Glycol
28. Formula of Halohydrin:
a. Cl–CH2–CH2–OH
b. H3C–CH2–Cl
c. Cl–CH=CH–OH
d. H3C–Cl–OH–CH2
29. Epioxides serve as starting substance for the industrial production of :
a. Halohydrin
b. Glycols
c. Glyoxal
d. Glycerol
30. Which of the following statement is wrong When alkenes are treated with Baeyer's reagent :
a. sigma as well as pi bond breaks
b. Pink colour of reagent discharged
c. Antifreezing agent formed
d. Cis product is formed
31. Which of the following reaction of alkene give anti freezing agent?
a. Ozonolysis
b. Hydroxylation
c. Halogenation
d. Oxygenation
32. Oxidation of propene with cold KMnO4 gives:
a. Alcohol
b. Carboxylic acid
c. Ketone
d. Aldehyde
33. Oxidation of propene with Hot KMnO4 gives:
a. Alcohol
b. Carboxylic acid
c. Ketone
d. Aldehyde
34. Which of the following reaction of alkene is not an oxidation reaction?
a. Hydroxylation
b. Ozonolysis
c. Combustion
d. Addition of Hypohalous acid
35. Ethene + Ozone -----Zn----> ?
a. Acetic acid
b. Formaldehyde
c. Acetaldehyde
d. Ethanol
36. When ethylene ozonoid is treated with Zn dust, we get
a. Ethanol
b. Methanal
c. Acetaldehyde
d. Ethanal
37. If H3C–CH2=CH2–CH3 is ozonolyzed then which products will be obtained?
a. Acetaldehyde + Propanone
b. Formaldehyde + Propanone
c. Formaldehyde + Butanone
d. Acetaldehyde + Acetaldehyde
38. What will be the position of double bond when in alkene, acetaldehyde and propanone are formed on
Ozonolysis?
a. C1
b. C2
c. C3
d. C4
39. If H2C = CH2 –CH2 –CH3 is ozonolyzed then which products will be obtained?
a. Acetaldehyde + Propanone
b. Formaldehyde + Propanone
c. Formaldehyde + Butanone
d. Acetaldehyde + Acetaldehyde
40. A good quality polythene is obtained when ethene is polymerized in presence of :

a. Ziglar natta catalyst
b. Lindlar's catalyst
c. Raney Nickle
d. Fused mixture of Fe, Al2O3, V2O5
41. Mastard gas is produced by treating ethene with :
a. HCl
b. H2SO4
c. S2Cl3
d. SO2
42. IUPAC name of Mustard gas is :
a. 2,2'–Dichloro ethyl sulphide
b. 2–Chloro diethyl sulphide
c. 1,1–Dichloro diethyl sulphide
d. 2,2–Dichloro diethyl sulphide
43. Alkenes do not show reaction with :
a. Br2/CCl4
b. Baeyer's reagent
c. Tollen's reagent
d. Zn/H2O2
44. Which of the following does not change when ethene is polymerized to polyethylene?
(A) M-P
(B) Density
(C) Molar mass
(D) % composition
45. The temperature during the polymerization of ethene is maintain at
(A) 200°C
(C) 300°C
(B) 400°C
(D) 100°C
46. In hot alkaline KMnO4 2-butene gives
(A) glycol
(B Acetic acid
(C) Glycerol
(D) Alcohol
47. Preparation of vegetable ghee involves:
(A) Halogenation
(C) Hydrogenation
(B) Hydroxylation
(D) Dehydrogenation
KEY
1. B Dehydrogenation is an elimination reaction that eliminates hydrogen halide from substrate
2. C
3. A
4. A Conc. H2SO4, P2O5, H3PO4, Al2O3 can be used in dehydration
5. D Tertiary alcohol undergoes dehydration more easily
6. C
7. B If there are equal number of carbons on each side of –OH then H will be remove from that carbon which
have low number of carbon. H3C–CH2–CH(OH) –CH3 ---> H3C–CH=CH–CH3
8. A Ethyl alcohol > Butanol > Sec. > Ter.
9. B
10. B It occurs in anhydrous solvent like alcohol(methanol) or acid(acetic acid
11. C Alkene and CO2 are produced at anode while NaOH produced at cathode
12. B Lindlar catalyst [Pd (BaSO4)/Quinoline] is used for formation of Cis-Alkene
13. B
14. D Alkenes have loosely held pi-electrons which are more easily exposed to attack by the electrophilic
reagent
15. B First, electrophile attack on C=C and form carbocation and then nucleophile attack on carbocation to
form an addition product
16. D
17. D
18. B
19. B Benzene will give cyclohexane
reagent
21. B According to Markownikov's rule: The addition of unsymmetrical reagent to an unsymmetrical alkene
22. A Anki Markownikov' rule applied in presence of peroxide or sunlight or heat
23. B Production of alkene from alcohol ---> Dehydration

Production of alcohol from alkene ---> Hydration
reagent
25. A
26. C Hydroxylation and halogen addition are used for detection of double bond while Ozonolysis is used for
determination of position of double bond
27. A
28. A
29. B
30. A Hydroxylation of double bond occurs mean pi bond breaks
31. B Hydroxylation gives ethylene glycol which is an anti freezing agent
32. A
33. B Formic and acetic acid produced
34. D Addition of oxygen, Hydroxylation, combustion, Ozonolysis are oxidation reactions
35. B
36. B 2 molecules of formaldehyde(Methanal) produced due to equal distribution of carbon atoms on each
side of double bond
37. D 2 molecules of acetaldehyde(ethanal) produced due to equal distribution of carbon atoms on each
side of double bond
38. B H2C = CH2 –CH2 –CH2–CH3 + O3 ---Zn---> CH3–CHO + CH3–CO–CH3
39. B H2C = CH2 –CH2 –CH3 + O3 ---Zn---> HCHO + CH3–CO–CH3
40. A Mixture of Al(C2H5)3 and TiCl4 is known as Ziglar natta catalyst
41. C
42. A
43. C
44. D
45. C
46. B In cold KMnO4, 2 butene gives glycol while in hot KMnO4, 2 butene gives carboxylic acid (acetic
acid)
47. B
HYDROCARBON (BENZENE)
1. Benzene was discovered by Michael Farady in 1825 in gas in
a. Presence of O2
b. Absence of O2
c. Presence of excess of O2
d. Presence of Hydrogen
2. Benzene gives which type of reactions?
a. Addition and Elimination
b. Addition and substitution
c. Substitution and Condensation
d. Substitution and Rearrangement
3. The C-C and C-H bond lengths in benzene molecule are respectively
(A) 1.54 A° , 1.08 A°
(C) 1.397 A° , 1.09 A°

(B) 1.33 A° , 1.08 A°
(D) 1.20 A° , 1.08 A°
4. Benzene can react with ------ easily to produce substituted products
a. Nucleophile
b. Strong electrophile
c. Weak electrophile
d. base
5. In halogenation reaction of benzene, the powerful electrophile is :
a. FeCl3
b. Benzonium ion
c. Halonium ion
d. Tetraheloforate
6. Benzene reacts with HNO3 in the presence of H2SO4 to form nitrobenzene. What is the
volume ratio of HNO3 to H2SO4 used?
a. 1:2
b. 2:1
c. 1:1
d. 1:4
7. Benzene reacts with HNO3 in the presence of H2SO4 to form nitrobenzene. What is the role
of H2SO4?
(A) Solvent
(B) Removing H2O produced

(C) Protonating HNO3
(D) Forming unstable complex with benzene
8. In nitration of benzene, nitric acid acts as:
a. Acid
b. Base
c. Catalyst
d. Reducing agent
9. The active specie involved in the nitration of benzene is:
(A) NO+
(B) NO2+
(C) NO2+
(D) NO2
10. The electrophile in aromatic sulphonation is:
(A) H2SO4
(B) HSO4
(C) SO3+
(D) SO3
11. Hydrolysis of benzene sulphonic acid with super heated steam or by boiling with dil. HCl gas:
(A) Toluene
(B) Benzene
(C) Xylene
(D) Chlorobenzene
12. In alkylation of benzene, the function of using AlCl3 is :
a. To act as an electrophile
b. To generate an electrophile
c. To absorb water
d. To generate a nucleophile
13. The acylation of benzene in presence of an ethanoyl chloride and AlCl3 gives:
a. Methyl phenyl ketone
b. Ethyl phenyl ketone
c. Benzoyl chloride
d. Benzacetaldehyde
14. The acylation of benzene in presence of an propanoyl chloride and AlCl3 gives:
a. Methyl phenyl ketone
b. Ethyl phenyl ketone
c. Benzoyl chloride
d. Benzacetaldehyde
15. Benzene reacts with Bromine in presence of sunlight and give :
a. Cyclohexane
b. Hexabromobenzene
c. Bromobenzene
d. 1,3,5 Bromobenzene
16. Benzene undergoes oxidation by:
a. KMnO4
b. K2Cr2O7
c. Sunlight
d. V2O5
17. The emperical formula of the product which is formed by reaction of benzene with oxygen
in presence of V2O5?
a. C H O
b. C2 H2 O
c. C H2 O
d. C H O2
18. The ozonolysis of benzene gives:
a. Aldehyde
b. Glycol
c. Glyoxal
d. Glycerol
19. Molecular formula of benzene triozonide?
a. C6 H6 O6
b. C6 H6 O9
c. C6 H6 O5
d. C6 H5 O8
20. Reaction of toulene with chlorine in presence of sunlight and FeCl3 gives:
a. Benzoyl chloride
b. Benzyl chloride
c. m-chlorotoulene
d. Mixture of o and p chlorotoulene
21. C6H5–CH3 -------> C6H5–CH2–Cl The above reaction proceeds through
a. Nucleophilic substitution
b. Electrophilic substitution
c. Free radical substitution
d. More than one of the above processes
22. Which of the following reaction is used as a test for alkylbenzenes?
a. Ozonolysis
b. Halogenation
c. Friedel-Crafts Reaction
d. Oxidation reaction by K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
23. Benzene and Toulene can be distinguished by:
a. Ozonolysis
b. Halogenation
c. Friedel-Crafts Reaction
d. Oxidation reaction by K2Cr2O7/H2SO4

24. Which of the following compound cannot form benzoic acid on oxidation with strong
oxidizing agent?
a. Methylbenzene
b. Toulene
c. Propylbenzene
d. Benzene
25. Toluene can be converted into benzoic acid on reacting with:
(A) dil. NaOH
(B) dil. HNO3
(C) Conc. HNO3
(D) Acidified KMnO4
26. When toluene is oxidized in the presence of KMnO4, the product is:
(A) benzopheone
(B) Benzyl acetate
(C) Picric acid
(D) Benzoic acid
27. Which compound reacts slower than benzene in electrophilic substitution?
a. Phenol
b. Toulene
c. Aniline
d. Nitrobenzene
28. Which one is more reactive specie?
(A) Phenol
(B) Nitrobenzene
(C) Toulene
(D) Chlorobenzene
29. Which of the following group, increases the chemical reactivity of benzene toward
electrophilic substitution reaction?
a. –NO2
b. –CN
c. –COOH
d. –CH3
30. Which of the following group, increases the chemical reactivity of benzene toward
nucleophilic substitution reaction?
a. –CH3
b. –CHO
c. –NH2
d. –OH
31. Which of the following is o-p but rather than electron donating, it is electron withdrawing
group?
a. –CHO
b. –NH2
c. –OCH3
d. –Cl
32. Which of the following undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction most easily?
a. Chlorobenzene
b. Benzene
c. m-Chloronitrobenzene
d. p-nitrotoulene
33. If toulene is treated with HNO3 and H2SO4 at low temperature, which of the following
product may be formed?
a. o-nitrotoulene
b. p-nitrotoulene
c. Mixture of o and p nitrotoulene
d. m-nitriotoulene
34. Halogenation of nitrobenzene in presence of FeCl3 gives:
a. Mixture of o and p-chloronitrobenzene
b. Mixture of o and p-nitrochlorobenzene
c. m-chloronitrobenzene
d. m-nitrochlorobenzene
35. Nitration of chlorobenzene gives:
a. Mixture of o and p-chloronitrobenzene
b. Mixture of o and p-nitrochlorobenzene

c. m-chloronitrobenzene
d. m-nitrochlorobenzene
36. Bromination of Benzaldehyde in presence of FeBr3 gives :
a. p-bromobenzaldehyde
b. o-bromobenzaldehyde
c. Mixture of o and p-bromobenzaldehyde
d. m-bromobenzaldehyde
37. Benzene + Hydrogen -----> Cyclohexane . The conditions to carry out that reaction:
a. Ni/H2O
b. Pt/CH3COOH
c. Pt at 1000°C
d. Ni-Al at 1000°C
38. Which of the following products will be obtained if following reaction is carried out in acidic
medium? C6H6 + SO3 ----->?
a. Aniline
b. Phenol
c. Benzene sulphonic acid
d. Toulene
39. Benzene sulphonic acid + ? ----> Phenol
a. H2O
b. HNO3
c. SO2
d. SO3
40. The alkylation of benzene with methylchloride gives:
a. Chlorobenzene
b. Toulene
c. Aniline
d. Phenol
41. By which of the following reactions, alkyl benzene can be obtained?
a. Friedel-Crafts reaction
b. Halogenation
c. Oxidation reaction by V2O5
d. Oxidation reaction by KMnO4
42. Which of the following organic compound cannot be prepared directly from benzene?
a. Nitrobenzene
b. Cyclohexane
c. Benzene sulphonic acid
d. Phenol
43. Benzene can be distinguished from phenol by:
(A) Nitration
(B) Sulphonation
(C) Hydrogenation
(D) Bromination
KEY
1. B Benzene was discovered by Destructive distillation which means absence of oxygen
2. B
3. B
4. B The highly stable, delocalized electrons of benzene ring are not readily available for
nucleophilic attack like electrons of alkenes. Therefore the electronsbof benzene ring are not
attacked by weak electrophiles. It means that more powerful electrophiles are required to
penetrate and break the continuous sheath of electrom cloud in benzene
5. C Halogenonium ion / Halonium ion
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. B Nitronium ion
10. D
11. B
12. B R–Cl + AlCl3 -----> AlCl4¯ + R+
13. A Ethanoyl chloride is IUPAC name of acetyl chloride. Methyl phenyl ketone Also known as
Acetophenone . C6H6 + CH3–CO–Cl ----> C6H5–CO–CH3
14. B CH3-CH2-CO-Cl + C6H6 -----> C6H5–CO–C2H4
15. B Addition product formed. 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexabromocyclohexane
16. D
17. A Maleic acid formed having molecular formula is C4H4O4
18. C Glyoxal have formula C2H2O2. 3 molecules of glyoxal formed by ozonolysis of one
molecule of benzene
19. B
20. B Benzyl chloride, Benzal chloride, Benzotrichloride are formed.
21. C Cl2 ----sunlight----> 2Cl° C6H5–

CH3 + Cl° -----> C6H5–CH2–Cl + H+
22. D
23. D Benzene cannot produce benzoic acid on oxidation with KMnO4/H2SO4 while toulene
can produce.
24. D Whatever the length of alkyl group may be it gives one carboxyl group. Benzene directly
cannot produce benzoic acid on oxidation with strong oxidizing agent. Methyl benzene is a
toulene and toulene can produce benzoic acid because it has methyl group
25. D
26. D
27. D Electron withdrawing groups decreasds the reactivity of benzene toward electrophile.
Electron withdrawing groups are those in which key atom( directly attached to benzene ring) is
less electronegative than neighbouring atom. For example in –NO2 , key atom is N and it is less
electronegative than neighbouring O atom. Electron withdrawing group, draw the electron
density towards it and hence make the benzene ring inappropriate for attack of electrophile
28. A Stronger the electron donating group attached, greater will be the reactivity. Electron
donating groups are those in which key atom (directly attached to benzene ring) is more
electronegative than neighboring atom. For example in –OH, key atom O is more
electronegative than neighbouring H atom. Electron donating groups donate charge density to
benzene and make benzene ring appropriate for the attack of electrophile
29. D Electron donating groups increases chemical reactivity of benzene towards electrophilic
substitution reaction. Electron donating groups are those in which key atom (directly attached
to benzene ring) is more electronegative than neighboring atom. For example in –CH3, key
atom C is more electronegative than neighbouring H atom. Electron donating groups donate
charge density to benzene and make benzene ring appropriate for the attack of electrophile
30. B Electron withdrawing group increases chemical reactivity of benzene toward nucleophilic
substitution reaction. Electron withdrawing groups are those in which key atom( directly
attached to benzene ring) is less electronegative than neighbouring atom. For example in –CHO ,
key atom is C and it is less electronegative than neighbouring O atom. Electron withdrawing
group, draw the electron density towards it and hence make the benzene ring inappropriate for
attack of electrophile but make benzene ring more susceptible for the attack of nucleophile
31. D Halogens are o-p but are electron withdrawing group due to resonance effect
32. C Electron withdrawing groups make benzene ring more susceptible for the attack of
nucleophile. Greater the number of electron withdrawing groups attached, greater will be the
reactivity of benzene for nucleophilic substitution reaction. In option A, only one (–Cl) group is
electron withdrawing. In option B there is no electron withdrawing group. In option C, there are
two electron withdrawing groups. (–Cl and –NO2). In option D, there is one electron
withdrawing group (–NO2) and one is electron donating group (–CH3)
33. C Because toulene has –CH3, a o-p directing group
34. C Because Nitrobenzene has –NO2, a meta directing group. Groups are named
alphabetically
35. A Chlorobenzene has –Cl, an o-p directing group
36. D Benzaldehyde has –CHO, a meta directing group
37. B Ni at 100°C, 3atm OR Pt/CH3COOH
38. C
39. A Hydrolysis of benzene sulphonic acid gives phenol
40. B Alkylation is the addition of alkyl group in benzene ring
41. A Alkyl benzene are produced by Alkylation (Friedal crafts reaction) and converted into
benzoic acid on oxidation with K2Cr2O7 or K2MnO4
42. D Nitrobenzene obtained directly by nitration. Cyclohexane obtained directly by
hydrogenation. Benzene sulphonic acid obtained directly by sulphonation. Phenol cannot be
prepared directly. First, sulphonation of benzene gives benzene sulphonic acid then its
hydrolysis gives phenol
43. D On bromination, benzene gives addition product (1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexabromocyclohexane)

while phenol gives substituted product (2, 4, 6-tribromophenol)
ALKYL HALIDES
1. Akyl halides are considered to be very reactive compounds toward nucleophiles, because:
A) They have an electrophilic carbon
B) They have an electrophilic carbon and a bad leaving group

C) They have an electrophilic carbon and a good leaving group
D) They have an nucleophlic carbon and a good leaving group
2. In SN reaction, nucleophile has - - - character
a. Acidic
b. Basic
c. Neutral
d. Depends upon medium
3. In the reaction, product X is : Nucleophile + Alkyl halide ----> organic compound + X
a. Halide ion
b. Hydroxide ion
c. Hydrogen ion
d. Water
4. Which of the following is most reactive towards attacking nucleophile?
a. CH3–F
b. CH3–Cl
c. CH3–Br
d. CH3–I
5. Alkyl iodide is reactive due to:
A) Primary nature of alkyl halides
B) The presence of I atom
C) The low dissociation energy of C-I bond
D) secondary nature of alkyl halides
6. Which of the following alkyl halide show greater reactivity for SN1 reaction?
a. CH3–CH2–Br
b. CH3–CH2–CH2–Br
c. CH3–CH2–I
d. CH3–CH2–CH2–I
7. If leaving group is directly attached to an alkyne, ----- will occur
a. SN1
b. SN2
c. Either SN1 or SN2
d. Neither SN1 nor SN2
8. If nucleophile attacks on alpha-C then which of the following reaction would occur?
a. SN1
b. SN2
c. E1
d. E2
9. In SN reaction, which of the following acts as an electrophile?
a. Carbon
b. Hydrogen
c. Halogen
d. Hydroxide ion
10. Which of the following is a good leaving group?
a. Br¯
b. OH¯
c. NH2¯
d. CH3 O¯
11. Which of the following is poor leaving group:
A) Cl-
B) HSO4-
C) Br-
D) OH-
12. Hydrolysis of 2-Bromopropane gives:
a. SN1
b. SN2
c. E1
d. E2
13. Consider the following reaction CH3-CH2-Br¯ + OH¯ ----> C2H5OH + Br¯. If we double the
concentration of OH¯ then how would be the rate of reaction be affected?
a. It will be doubled
b. It will be halved
c. It will stay same
d. It will be quadrupled
14. When a secondary alkyl halide is heated with excess of ammonia the major product will be
(A) Primary amine
(B) Secondary amine
(C) Tertiary amine
(D) Quaternary alkyl ammonium ion
15. When ammonia reacts with excess of alkyl halide the final product will be
(A) Primary amine
(B) Secondary amine
(C) Tertiary amine
(D) Quaternary alkyl ammonium ion
16. In the following reaction, product B is : C2H5–

Br + KCN(aqueous) ----> A ---(H20/H+)---> B
a. Propanoic acid
b. Propanenitrile
c. Ethanenitrile
d. Methanoic acid
17. SN1 mechanism of reaction depends on all the factors except
A) Nature of solvent
B) Nature of leaving group
C) Structure of alkyl halides
D) Strength of attacking nucleophile
18. Consider the following reaction CH3-CH2-Br¯ + OH¯ ----> C2H5OH + Br¯. The mechanism of above
reaction is
A) Elimination reaction
B) Nucleophilic substitution reaction
C) Electrophilic substitution reaction
D) Acid base reaction
19. An amine is produced in the following reaction:

C2H5I + 2NH3 ----> C2H5NH2 + NH4I What is the mechanism?
(A) Electrophilic addition
(B) Electrophilic substitution
(C) Nucleophilic addition
(D) Nucleophilic substitution
20. Which of the following type of mechanism of reaction has 50% inversion and 50% retention of
configuration
A) SN1
B) E1
C) SN2
D) E2
21. In the transition state of SN2 mechanism reaction of alkyl halides, which of the following orbital
hybridization is involved:
(A) sp³
(B) sp²
(C) sp
(D) dsp²
22. The elimination of hydrogen halide molecule from two adjacent Carbon atom of an alkyl halide is
called
(A) Dehalogenation
(B) Dehydrohalogenation
(C) Dehydration
(D) Dehydrogenation
23. In elimination reaction of alkyl halide, which is more susceptible for attack of nucleophile?
a. Alpha C
b. Beta C
c. Alpha H
d. Beta H
24. Beta–Elimination takes place in :
a. Acidic media
b. Basic media
c. Aqueous KOH
d. Alcoholic KOH
25. C3H7–Br on treatment with alcoholic KOH will give:
a. Propane
b. Propene
c. Propanol
d. Propanal
26. 1–Chloro–2,2–Dimethylpropane on treating with alcoholic KOH gives:
a. Alkene
b. Alcohol
c. Aldehyde
d. Reaction is not possible
27. Which of the following reaction gives optically active product?
a. E2
b. E1
c. SN2
d. SN1 and SN2
28. Which of the following product is formed when ethyl chloride is treated with Na in ether?
a. n-Butane
b. Propane
c. Ethane
d. Methane
29. In which of the following reactions of alkyl halide, product will be alkane?
a. Ethyl chloride + Aqu. KOH ----> X
b. Ethyl chloride + Alcoholic KOH ----> X
c. Ethyl chloride + Zn/HCl ----> X
d. Ethyl chloride + Na alloy ----> X
30. Which of the following product cannot be obtained directly from alkyl halide?
a. Alkane
b. Alkene
c. Alkyne
d. Alcohol
31. Necessary condition for the following reaction? C3H7-Cl -----> C3H6
a. Aqueous KOH
b. Alcoholic KOH
c. Zn/HCl
d. Na/ether
32. 1-bromobutane on reaction with alocoholic potassium hydroxide gives:
(A) 1-butanol
(B) 1-butene
(C) 2-butene
(D) 1-butyne
33. Which of the following product is obtained by reduction of alkyl halide?
a. Alkane
b. Alkene
c. Alkyne
d. Alcohol
34. Ethylbromide reacts with lead sodium alloy to form:
a. Tetraethyl lead
b. Tetraethyl lead bromide
c. Ethylsodiumbromide
d. Do not react
35. Tertiary alkyl halides are practically inert to substitution by SN2 mechanism because of
a. Instability
b. Insolubility
c. Inductive effect
d. Stearic hindrance
36. Wurtz reaction involves the interaction of alkyl halide in dry ether with:
a. Na
b. Zn
c. Cu
d. Pt
37. Antiknocking agent is produced by rl:
a. Hydroxylation of Alkene
b. Reduction of Alkyl halide with Na/Pb alloy
c. Reduction of Alkyl halide with Zn/HCl
d. Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl halide
38. In Wurtz synthesis, alkyl halide react with sodium in - - - - to give Alkanes
a. Alcohol
b. Ether
c. Water
d. Zn/HCl
KEY
1. C
2. B Takes place in aqueous KOH
3. A Nucleophile attacks on alkyl halide in SN reactions. In SN reaction, two products obtained. Alcohol
and halide ion
4. D If an electrophile is the attacking reagent then E.N difference suggests that alkyl flourides would be
the most reactive one and if an nucleophile is the attacking reagent then alkyl iodides would be the
most reactive one
5. C
6. C The order of reactivity of alkyl halides for Sn2 reactions relies on which of the halogen atoms is
most weakly bonded to the carbon atom. The weaker the bond, the more easily it is broken, the lower
the activation energy for the reaction and the faster the rate at which it will occur. The carbon-fluorine
bond is perhaps one of the strongest bonds in chemistry, and generally regarded as the strongest in
organic chemistry, meaning alkylflourides are very inert (unreactive). This is due to Fluorine’s extremely
high electronegativity. Conversely, as the halides are descended, they become less electronegative,
making the carbon-halide bonds get weaker as you go down, making them more reactive.
Ethyl iodide is more effective due to less steric effect of methyl group .
Now ,the size of propyl group is greater than ethyl group, so the steric effect of propyl group is slightly
high . Hence propyl iodide is slightly less reactive than ethyl iodide
7. D SN reactions occur only for alkyl halide
8. B In E-reactions, nucleophile attacks on beta-hydrogen. Alpha carbon means that carbon which is
directly attached to 2 hydrogen atoms and one halogen. So Alpha cabon is present in primary alkyl
halide not in tertiary alkyl halide. Primary alkyl halide show SN2 reaction
9. A
10. A Poor nucleophile is a good leaving group. Good leaving groups are HSO4¯, Cl¯, Br¯, I¯
11. D Strong nucleophile is a poor leaving group. A nucleophile is a chemical species that donates
an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond in relation to a reaction.
Electronegativity – “greed for electrons” – is the opposite of nucleophilicity – “giving away
electrons. So less the electronegativity more the nucleophilicity of ion. C. Order of
nucleophilicity in some ions: CH3¯ > NH2¯ > OH¯ > F¯. It is due less electronegativity of C atom
among the N, O, F, and C. Poor leaving groups are OH¯, H¯, NH2¯, CH3O¯
12. A Secondary halide shows SN1 in polar solvent while shows SN2 in non polar solvent. Hydrolysis
means presence of water which is a polar solvent.
13. A The rate law expression R = k[nucleophile] [Alkyl halide]. This says that the reaction rate is directly
proportional to [OH¯] and [CH3CH2Br]. If you increase the concentration of any reactant, the reaction
rate will increase. Increasing the concentration of OH⁻ will increase the rate, because there are more
OH⁻ ions attacking the substrate. Increasing the concentration of CH3CH2Br will increase the rate,
because there are more CH3CH2Br molecules available to be attacked
14. A
15. D
16. A Product A is Propanenitrile(Ethyl cyanide). When Alkyl cyanide are treated with acidic media,
carboxylic acid produced. So propanenitrile will give propanoic acid
17. D Involvement of the nucleophile in the SN1 reaction is after the rate-limiting step. Thus, the
nucleophile does not appear in the rate expression. The nature of the nucleophile plays no role in the
rate of the SN1 reaction. Even a weak nucleophile can work in SN1 reaction but stronger nucleophile is
required in SN2. Concentration of nucleophile also does not affect SN1 because it is first order reaction.
R = k [R-X]. Polar solvents stabilize the nucleophile, thereby lowering its energy. This will raise the
activation energy of the reactions.SN2 reactions are not favored by polar solvents. Polar solvents
selectively solvate cations. This raises the energy of the anion (nucleophile), thus making it more
reactive. SN1 reactions are favored by polar solvent The order of reactivity of the alkyl halide in the SN1
reaction exactly parallels the carbocation stability. Tertiary carbocation are more stable than primary
and secondary.
18. B
19. D
20. A Because nucleophile attacks on carbocation from both sides
21. B
22. B
23. D
24. D
25. B Alkyl halide gives alcohol with aqueous KOH and Alkene with alcoholic KOH
26. D This reaction will not take place because beta hydrogen is absent
27. D Molecules are inverted during a reaction, so they rotate plane polarized light
28. A This is called Wurtz synthesis
29. C Ethyl chloride + Na/ether ----> Alkane

Ethyl chloride + Aqu. KOH ----> Alcohol
Ethyl chloride + Alcoholic KOH ----> Alkene
Ethyl chloride + Zn/HCl ----> Alkane
Ethyl chloride + Na alloy ----> lead compounds
30. C
31. B
32.
33. A Reduction >> Alkane , Substitution >> Alcohol , Elimination >> Alkene
34. A
35. D
36. A
37. B Hydroxylation of Alkene gives anti freezing reagent. Reduction of alkyl halide with Na/Pb alloy
gives Tetraethyl lead, Tetramethyl lead which are used as an anti–knocking agent
38. B
ALCOHOLS
1. Which one of the following is a primary alcohol?
a. Cyclohexanol
b. 2-Butanol
c. Benzyl alcohol
d. 2-Buten-1-ol
2. Which one of the following is not a secondary alcohol?
a. Cyclohexanol
b. 2-Butanol
c. Neo pentyl alcohol
d. Butan-2-ol
3. Highest boiling points stand for:
a. Methyl alcohol
a. Primary alcohol
b. Secondary alcohol
d. Tertiary alcohol
4. Which of the following alcohol is more acidic?
a. Methyl alcohol
b. Ethyl alcohol
c. Isopropyl alcohol
d. Tertiary butyl alcohol
5. Catalyst used in industrial preparation of methanol is :
a. V2O5
b. Al2O3
c. Cr2O3
d. Pt
6. Which of the following organic compound can be prepared from water gas in presence of Zno+Cr2O3
at high temperature and pressure?
a. Wood spirit
b. Ether
c. Alkyl halide
d. Grain spirit
7. By which of the following methods, ethanol is prepared on industrial scale?
a. SN reaction of alkyl halide
b. Elimination reaction of alkyl halide
c. Fermentation
d. Distillation
8. Enzyme does not involved in the following fermentation process?

Molasses + Water -----> Glucose + Fructose
a. Zymase
b. Diastase
c. Urease
d. Invertase
9. Optimum temperature for fermnetation is :
a. 10-20°C
b. 15-25°C
c. 20-30°C
d. 25-35°C
10. Alcohol obtained by fermentation never exceeds
a. 10%
b. 14%
c. 16%
d. 95%
11.100% pure ethyl alcohol is called
A) Rectified spirit
B) Absolute alcohol
C) Power alcohol
D) Methylated spirit
12. 95% ethanol is called:
(A) Absolute alcohol
(B) Rectified spirit

(C) Methylated spirit
(D) Wood spirit
13. Absolute alcohol may be obtained from rectified spirit by the use of:
a. CaCl2
b. CaO
c. C6H6
d. Mg
14. Which of the following cannot be used for denaturation of ethanol?
a. Methanol
b. Pyridine
c. Acetone
d. Water
15. Methylated spirit is :
a. Ethanol
b. 10% methanol in ethanol
c. Wood spirit
d. Methanol in water
16. Which alcohol is more soluble in non polar solvent?
a. Methanol
b. Propanol
c. Butanol
d. Pentanol
17. Ammonia reacts immediately with:
a. Primary alcohol
b. Secondary alcohol
c. Tertiary alcohol
d. Ammonia does not react with alcohol
18. Which of the following reaction is an example of electrophilic substitution reaction?
a. C2H5OH + HBr ---ZnBr2---> C2H5Cl + H2O
b. C2H5OH + NH2 ---ThO2---> C2H5NH2 + H2O
c. C2H5OH + Na ----------------> C2H5O¯Na+ + H2
d. C2H5OH + SOCl2 ---Pyridine---> C2H5Cl + SO2 + HCl
19. The following reaction takes place in presence of: C2H5OH +

SOCl2 ----> C2H5Cl + SO2 + HCl
a. Water
b. Alcohol
c. Acid
d. Pyridine
20. Iso-butyl alcohol oxidizes by acid dichromate to :
a. Aldehyde
b. Ketone
c. Alkene
d. Alkyne
21. When 2-pentanol undergoes oxidation with acid dichromate, the product is :
a. Pentanal
b. 2-pentanone
c. 3-pentanone
d. Pentanoic acid
22. What will be the product formed when 2-methyl-2-propanol reacts with K2Cr2O7/H2SO4?
(A) Propanone
(B) 2-methyl propanone
(C) 2-methyl propene
(D) 2-methyl propanal
23. The intermediate in acid catalyzed dehydration of alcohol is :
a. Carbocation
b. Carbanion
c. Carbene
d. Free radical
24. Treatment of propene with cold concentrated H2SO4 followed by boiling water forms:
(A) Propyne
(B) 1-propanol
(C) Propanal
(D) 2-propanol
25. The dehydration of alcohol in the presence of Conc. H2SO4 at 170° involves:
(A) Free radical intermediate
(B) A carbonium ion intermediate
(C) Addition of OH¯ ion
(D) A carbanion intermediate
26. 2-butene on treatment with cold Conc. H2SO4 will produce
(A) 1-Butanol
(B) Butanoic acid
(C) Butanone
(D) 2-Butanol
27. When ethanol reacts with excess of conc. H2SO4, product will be
a. Ethene
b. Ethoxy ether
c. Methoxy ether
d. Ethyne
28. When excess of ethanol reacts with conc. H2SO4, product will be
a. Ethene
b. Ethoxy ether
c. Methoxy ether
d. Ethyne
29. Reaction of alcohol with phosphorus halide is a type of :
a. Electrophilic substitution reaction

b. Nucleophilic substitution reaction
c. Electrophilic addition reaction
d. Nucleophilic addition reaction
30. In the reaction : C2H5OH + PBr5 ---> C2H5Cl + POCl3 + HCl. Oxygen attacks :
a. C
b. H
c. P
d. Br
31. Which of the following products are formed by reaction of C2H5OH with PCl5?
a. C2H5Cl + H3PO4
b. C2H5Cl + POCl3 + HCl
c. C2H5Cl + HCl
d. C2H5Cl + H2PO4
32. Which of the following tests indicate the presence of -OH group?
a. Action of PCl5
b. Action of Na
c. Acylation
d. All of these
33. Which of the following is more reactive when O-H bond breaks?
(A) P° alcohol
(B) T°alcohol
(C) S° alcohol
(D) Cannot be predicted
34. Reaction of alcohol with Lucas Reagent is a type of :
35. Which of the following alcohol reacts immediately with Lucas Reagent?
a. Isobutyl alcohol
b. 2-butanol
c. Neo pentyl alcohol
d. 2-Methyl-2-propanol
36. Secondary and tertiary alcohol can be distinguished by?
a. Lucas Test
b. Aqueous Br2
c. Acetyl chloride
d. Zn/Pt
37. Ethanol can be distinguished from methanol by the use of
A) Tollen’s reagent
B) Fehling’s solution
C) l2 + NaOH
D) AgNO3(aq)
38. Which of the following type of alcohol is prepared from inorganic source
A) Methanol
B) Ethanol
C) 1-propenol
D) 1-butanol
KEY
1. C Cyclohexanol is a secondary alcohol. Benzyl alcohol is C6H5–CH2-OH. 2-Buten-1-ol is a primary
unsaturated alcohol
2. C Neo pentyl alcohol is a primary alcohol
3. A The hydroxyl group of a primary alcohol is more “exposed” than it is in a secondary alcohol (which
is flanked by two bulky alkyl groups), so it will be better able to hydrogen bond with other alcohols (the
same goes for secondary vs tertiary alcohols). And better hydrogen bonding means the intermolecular
forces take more energy to overcome, thus a higher boiling point
4. A –CH3 group is an electron donating group. Lesser the methyl group attached to hydroxyl group,
lesser will be the charge density transfer to oxygen and hence lesser will be the holding power of oxygen
to hold hydrogen. In result greater will be the protonating power.
5. C
6. A Wood spirit is methanol. Grain spirit is ethanol
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. B
11. B
12. B
13. B
14. D
15. B
16. D Greater the methyl groups, greater the solubility in non polar solvent. Lesser number of methyl
groups, greater will be the solubility in polar solvent
17. C It is a type of reaction in which C-O bond breaks
18. Alcohol shows two type of reaction. First One in which C–O bond of alcohol breaks(nucleophilic
substitution). 2nd one in which O-H bond of alcohol breaks(electrophilic substitution). In option C, O-H
bond is broken.
19. D
20. A It is a primary alcohol
21. B
22. C
23. A Dehydration of alcohol is elimination reaction and in elimination reaction, intermediate

carbcation/Carbonium ion formed.
24. Dehydration of alcohol (elimination reaction) gives alkene. Hydration of alkene (electrophilic
addition reaction) gives alcohol. Hydration of ethene gives ethanol. Hydration of propene gives 2-
propanal. [Hydration of propene in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid will result in the formation of a
carbocation as an intermediate. It is known that secondary carbocation is more stable than primary
carbocation. Thus, the hydroxide ion will attach to the secondary carbon of propene] Simple you can say,
nucleophile will attack that carbon which was attached to other carbon by double bond and having less
number of hydrogen atoms(swcondary carbon).
25. B Dehydration of alcohol is elimination reaction and in elimination reaction, intermediate

carbcation/Carbonium ion formed.
26
27. A
28. B
29. B Because C-O bond breaks. - OH group is substitute by halogen
30. C Oxygen attacks phosphorus, displacing one of the bromide (Br¯). Then Br¯ attacks from back side
(SN2 reaction) on carbon. Because C-O bond breaks therefore is is substitution reaction
31. B
32. D CH3OH + PCl5 ----> CH3Cl + POCl3 + HCl
33. A
34. B Because C-O bond breaks. - OH group is substitute by halogen
35. D Tertiary alcohol form oily layer immediately
36. A
37. C Iodoform test
38. A
PHENOL
1. Which of the following is more reactive toward electrophile?
a. Carbolic acid
b. Benzoic acid
c. Benzene
d. Nitrobenzene
2. Which of the following is more acidic?
a. Carbolic acid
b. Carbonic acid
c. Water
d. Alcohol
3. Phenol is acidic in nature because of:
a. –OH group
b. Benzene ring
c. Hydrogen bond
d. Stability of phenoxide ion
4. Phenol undergoes ------ reactions easily
5. Electrophilic substitution in phenol generally occurs at:
(A) o- and p-position
(B) m-position
(C) o-position only
(D) p-position only
6. Phenol reacts with ------- in presence of base to produce ester
a. Ethanoyl chloride
b. Sodium chloride
c. Propanoyl chloride
d. Nitric acid
7. Which one of the following is more acidic?
a. CH3–COOH
b. C2H5–OH
c. C2H5–SH
d. Picric acid
8. Which one of the following is more acidic?
a. Phenol
b. o-nitrophenol
c. p-nitrophenol
d. All have same strength
9. Which one of the following is more volatile?
a. Phenol
b. o-nitrophenol
c. p-nitrophenol
d. All have same strength
10. Which concept best explains that o-nitrophenol is more volatile than o-nitrophenol
a. Resonance
b. Hyper conjunction
c. Steric hinderence
d. Hydrogen bonding
11. The reaction of phenol with conc. HNO3 gives:

(A) Picric acid
(B) Benzoic acid
(C) Adipic acid
(D) Salicylic acid
12. Picric acid is a - - - - which behaves like an acid
a. Ether
b. Alcohol
c. Toulene derivative
d. Phenol derivative
13. By reacting phenol with bromine water, the product obtained is:
(A) O-bromophenol
(B) m- bromophenol
(C) p- bromophenol
(D) 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol
14. Phenol can be distinguished from benzene by:
(A) Nitration
(B) Sulphonation
(C) Hydrogenation
(D) Bromination
15. Hydrogenation of phenol gives:
a. Cyclohexanol
b. Cyclohexene
c. Cyclohexane
d. Benzene
16. Phenol can be distinguished from alcohol by all reagents except?
a. Lucas reagent
b. Bromine water
c. Aqueous NaOH
d. Na
17. IUPAC name of Picric acid is :
a. 2,4,6 trinitrophenol
b. 1,3,5 trinitrophenol
c. 1,3,5 trinitrotoulene
d. 2,4,6 trinitrotoulene
18. Which reaction shows that phenol acts as an acid?
a. Reaction with NaOH
b. Reaction with H2
c. Reaction with Br2
d. Reaction with conc. HNO3
19. Phenol reacts with NaOH to form sodium phenoxide solution which is
a. White in colour
b. Yellow in colour
c. Blue in colour
d. Colourless
KEY
1. A Electron donating group makes benzene ring more reactive toward electrophile substitution
reaction. Carbolic acid(phenol) has electron donating group (–OH) while benzoic acid and nitrobenzene
have electron withdrawing groups –CHO and –NO2 respectively.
2. B Carbonic acid is a weak carboxylic acid Carbonic acid >

Carbolic acid > Water > Alcohol
3. D
4. A Phenol is less reactive toward Nucleophile because phenol has electron donating group (–OH)
which donate charge density to benzene and make it more susceptible for the attack of electrophile. so
nucleophile attack is less favoured
5. A
6. A Ethanoyl chloride is a acetyl chloride
7. D Picric acid' strength is ≈ HCl' strength
8. C Electron withdrawing group increases the acidity of benzene derivatives. o-nitrophenol and p-
nitrophenol both have same electron withdrawing group (–NO2). But in o-nitrophenol, -OH and -NO2
are closer to each other so they will form hydrogen bond due to which protonating power of o-
nitrophenol will decrease. On the other hand, in p-nitrophenol, -OH and -NO2 are far from each other so
has more protonating power hence it is stronger acid.
9. B o-nitrophenol is less acidic so it is more volatile
10. D o-nitrophenol has intramolecular hydrogen bonding while P-nitrophenol has intermolecular
hydrogen bonding so boiling point of p-nitrophenol is more
11. A
12. D
13. D
14. D On bromination, benzene gives addition product (1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexabromocyclohexane) while

phenol gives substituted product (2, 4, 6-tribromophenol)
15. A
16. D Alcohol reacts with Lucas reagent but phenol does not react. Phenols react with bromine water
to give a white ppt. of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (discussed in Electrophilic substitution in phenol). Alcohols
do not have any action with bromine water. Phenols react with aqueous NaOH to form phenoxide ion
(C6H5O−). Alcohols do not react with aqueous NaOH. Phenols turn blue litmus red. Alcohols do not have
any effect on paper. Both reacts with Sodium. C2H5OH + Na ---> C2H5O¯Na+ + H2 .
C6H5OH + Na ---> C6H5O¯Na+ + H2
17. A
18. A Phenol reacts with alkalies to form salt. C6H5-OH + NaOH -----> C6H5-O¯Na+ (sodium phenoxide)
19. D
ALDEHYDE AND KETONES (PART I)
1. Incorrect statement about aldehydes?
a. They are strong reducing agent
b. They can form H-bond with each other
c. Present in most sugars
d. Also called alkanals
2. Hydration of Propyne gives :
a. Aldehyde
b. Ketone
c. Ether
d. Alkane
3. All of the following are in liqued state except?
a. Methanal
b. Ethanal
c. Propanal
d. Butanal
4. In formaldehyde, oxygen contains:
a. No lone pair
b. 1 lone pair
c. 2 lone pairs
d. 4 lone pairs
5. Formalin contains water in proportion of :
a. 8%
b. 52%
c. 40%
d. 25%
6. Which can be used as antiseptic?
a. Formaldehyde
b. Formalin
c. Acetaldehyde
d. Paraaldehyde
7. Acidified oxidizing reagent for the laboratory preparation of acetaldehyde?

a. K2Cr2O7 + H2O
b. K2Cr2O7 + H2S
c. Na2Cr2O7 + H2SO4
d. Na2Cr2O7 + NO2
8. The oxidation product of ethanol / (K2Cr2O7-H2SO4) is treated first with calcium and then subjected
to distillation under dry conditions, the final product is
A) Acetic acid
B) Propanone
C) Ethanol
D) acetone
9. In order to obtain acetaldehyde from calcium acetate, it should be heated with
A) Calcium acetate
B) Acetic acid
C) Calcium formate
D) Formic acid
10. When calcium acetate is distilled with calcium formate, which product is formed?
a. Acetone
b. Methanal
c. Ethanal
d. Propanal
11. Calcium salt of acetic acid gives - - - on heating
a. Ketone
b. Aldehyde
c. Alcohol
d. Acid
12. The characteristic reactions of carbonyl compounds are:
a. Nucleophilic addition reactions
b. Nucleophilic substitution reactions
c. Reduction reactions
d. Oxidation reactions
13. A base-catalysed nucleophilic reaction will take place with a :
a. Strong electrophile
b. Weak electrophile
c. Strong nucleophile
d. Weak electrophile
14. In base catalyzed reaction of aldehydes, an aldehyde acts as:
(A) Base
(B) Acid
(C) Electrophile
(D) Nucleophile
15. C-atom in a carbonyl group acts as a/an:
(A) Nucleophilic centre
(B) Neutral atom

(C) Electrophilic centre
(D) Chiral centre
16. The least reactive compound towards nucleophilic addition reaction among the following is
A) C6H5CHO
B) CH3CH2CHO
C) CH3CH2COCH3
D) CH3CHO
17. Aldehydes and Ketones give addition product with
a. HCN
b. NH2OH
c. NH2 NH2
d. C6H5NH NH2
18. Formaldehyde + Hydrogen cyanide ----> Formaldehyde cyanohydrin This

reaction takes place in:
a. Acidic medium
b. Basic medium
c. Alcoholic medium
d. Aqueous medium
19. Which of the following organic compound gives lactic acid on reaction with NaCN/HCl?
a. Formaldehyde
b. Acetaldehyde
c. Acetone
d. Ethanol
20. Which of the following is correct conversion?
(A) CH3CHO to CH3CHOHCN to lactic acid
(B) HCHO to CNCH2OH to CH3COOH
(C) CH3CHO to CH3CHOHCN to butyric acid
(D) HCHO to HCOHCN to HCOOH
21. Formaldehyde + Hydrogen cyanide ----> Formaldehyde cyanohydrin This

reaction is :
a. Acid catalysed reaction
b. Base catalysed reaction
c. Neutral reaction
d. Alcohol catalysed reaction
22. Formaldehyde + Hydrogen cyanide ----> Formaldehyde cyanohydrin In this

reaction which of the following acts ac nucleophile?
a. OH¯
b. CN¯
c. Cl¯
d. H¯
23. Acetaldehyde cyanohydrin on acid hydrolysis yields
a. Tartaric acid
b. Lactic acid
c. Acetic acid
d. Aspartic acid
24. Which can react with HCN to form addition product:
a. Ethanal
b. Acetamide
c. Ethanoic acid
d. All of these
25. Which ketone will yield tertiary butyl alcohol on treatment with CH3MgBr following by hydrolysis
A) 2-Butanone
B) 3-Pentanone
C) Acetone
D) 2-Pentanone
26. Sodium Bisulphite is not given by:
a. Acetone
b. Formaldehyde
c. Acetaldehyde
d. 3-Pentanone
27. In addition of sodium bisulphite to aldehyde, carbon of carbonyl group makes bond with which atom
of sodium bisulphate?
a. Oxygen
b. Sulphur
c. Sodium
d. Hydrogen
28. Which of the following will not give addition reaction with NaHSO3
(A) HCHO
(B) CH3CHO
(C) CH3-CH2-CHO
(D) CH3-CH2-OH
29. NaHSO3 is used to distinguish :
a. Aldehydes form Ketones
b. Aldehydes from Alcohols
c. Larger aldehydes from smaller aldehydes
d. Methanol from Ethanol
30. Small methyl ketones and large methyl ketones can be distinguished by treating them with:
a. HCN
b. NaHSO3
c. AgNO3 + NaOH
d. Grignard reagent
31. Aldol condensation is :
a. Base catalysed nucleophilic addition reaction
b. Acid catalysed nucleophilic addition reaction
c. Base catalysed nucleophilic substitution reaction
d. Acid catalysed nucleophilic substitution reaction

32. When alkoxide ion is protonated with water we get:
a. Ketone
b. Aldehyde
c. Hemiacetal
d. Alcohol
33. In Cannizzaro's reaction, methoxide ion acts as
a. Base
b. Acid
c. Reducing agent
d. Methoxide ion has no role in Cannizzaro's reaction
34. In Cannizzaro's reaction, catalyst used is:
a. 50% NaOH
b. H2O
c. Grignard reagent
d. Acid
35. 3–Hydroxybutanal loses water on heating in presence of dilute acid to form:
a. Formaldehyde
b. Acetaldehyde
c. Crotonaldehyde
d. Propionaldehyde
36. Cannizzaro's reaction is not given by:
a. Formaldehyde
b. Acetaldehyde
c. Benzaldehyde
d. Trimethylacetaldehyde
37. Compound X reacts wit halogen in presence of NaOH/I2 and form compound Y which on hydrolysis
gives formic acid. In this reaction compound X indicates?
a. Ethanol
b. Formaldehyde
c. Propanol
d. Acetone
38. Which of the following give positive iodoform test?
a. 1-Pentanol
b. 2-Pentanone
c. 3-Pentanone
d. Pentanal
39. Nature of Holoform reaction is :
c. Elimination reaction
d. Hydration reaction
40. Which of the following organic compound cannot give iodoform test?
a. Acetaldehyde
b. Ethanol
c. Acetone
d. Pentanal
41. In order to distinguish acetaldehyde from other aldehyde we use:
a. Iodoform test
b. Lucas test
c. Silver mirror test
d. 2,4–DNPH
KEY
1. B
2. B Ketones are obtained by oxidation of secondary alcoholnor hydrolysis of alkynes.
3. A
4. C Oxygen carries partial positive charge due to presence of two lone pairs
5. B
6. B
7. C
8. D Ethanol ---> oxidation ---> Acetic acid ---> reaction with Ca ---> CH3COOCa ---> Distillation --->
Acetone
9. C Distillation of calcium acetate gives acetone. Distillation of mixture of calcium acetate and calcium
formate gives Ethanal(acetaldehyde)
10. C Distillation of calcium acetate gives acetone. Distillation of mixture of calcium acetate and calcium
formate gives Ethanal(acetaldehyde)
11. A
12. A
13. C
14. C
15. C
16. C Ketones are less reactive than aldehydes due to stearic hindrance. If we have to compare to the
reactivity of aldehydes then that one will be more reactive which have less number of methyl groups.
For example Formaldehyde is more reactive than acetaldehyde
17. A Left gives addition elimination or condensation reactions
18. A Acid generates HCN from sodium cyanide in reaction
19. B
20. A
21. B
22. B Base (OH¯) generates cyanide ions which acts as nucleophile
23. B
24. A Only aldehyes and ketones
25. C
26. D Ketones in which both alkyl groups are larger than methyl, they do not react sodium bisulphite
27. B Because sulphur atom is more nucleophile than oxygen hence it attacks as a nucleophile on
carbonyl carbon.
28. D Only Aldehydes and small ketones give addition product with NaHSO3
29. B NaHSO3 is used to distinguish aldehydes from alcohols becauses alcohols do not give addition
product with NaHSO3. Aldehydes and ketones both give addition product with it. NaHSO3 is also used to
distinguish smaller methyl ketones from larger methyl ketones.
30. B Only small methyl ketones react with sodium bisulphite. Ketones do not react with AgNO3 (Tollen
Test) at all
31. A
32. D
33. A
34. A
35. C
36. B Because it has alpha hydrogen
37. A Ethanol oxidize by iodoform reagent to give sodium formate which on hydrolysis give formic acid
38. B Because methyl group is connected with carbonyl carbon. CH3–CH2–CH2–CO–CH3
39. A Aldehyde and ketones oxidize to form salt of carboxylic acid. Alcohol oxidizes to form salt of
carboxylic acid. Holoform reactions are also substitution reaction.
40. D Because no methyl group is attached to carbonyl carbon. CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CHO
41. A Only acetaldehye give iodoform test
ALDEHYDE AND KETONES (PART II)

42. A base-catalysed nucleophilic reaction will take place with a :
a. Strong electrophile
b. Weak electrophile
c. Strong nucleophile
d. Weak electrophile
43. When aldehyde or ketone reacts with hydroxylamine the addition product is called as:
a. Amine
b. Imine
c. Oxime
d. Aldol
44. With hydroxalamine, Ethanal form
a. Ethanal hydrazone
b. Ethanaloxime
c. Ethanalamine
d. 2,4–DNPH
45. 2,4-DNAP are usually :
a. Crystalline
b. Amorphous
c. Soluble
d. Crystallites
46. Aldehydes and ketones react with 2,4-DNPH solution to give ppt of colour:
a. Yellow or red
b. Orange or red
c. White or red
d. Black or red
47. Ethanal reacts with phenylhydrazine in presence of :
a. Na+
b. OH¯
c. H+
d. Cl¯
48. Which of the following is an example of acid catalyzed reaction

A) Aldol condensation
C) cannizzoar reaction
B) Reaction with HCN
D) Polymerization
49. Paraaldehyde is used as?
a. Poison
b. Dye
c. Polymer
d. Hypnotic drug
50. Aldehyde react with alcohol in presence of HCl gas to form:
a. Alkynes
b. Carboxylic acid
c. Acetals
d. Haloforms
51. Acetals are :
a. Aldehyde
b. Ketone
c. Diethers
d. Hydroxy aldehyde
52. In the reduction of aldehydes and ketones with sodium borohydrides, which of the following acts as
nucleophile?
a. Hydride ion
b. Tetrahydridoborate ion
c. Alkoxide ion
d. Hydroxyl ion
53. Reduction of CH2=CH-CO-CH3 with sodium borohydride gives which of the following product?
a. CH2=CH-CHOH-CH3
b. CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3
c. CH3-CH2-CO-CH3
d. CH2=CH-CO-CH3
54. The product of oxidation of 3-pentanone:
(A) Acetic acid
(B) Propanoic acid
(C) Acetic acid + Formic acid
(D) Acetic acid + Propanoic acid
55. Which of the following ketones will produce only propanoic acid after oxidation by acidified
potassium dichromate?
a. Ethyl-n-propyl ketone
b. Ethyl methyl ketone
c. Dimethyl ketone
d. Diethyl ketone
56. Which is most easily oxidized?
a. Methanol
b. Ethanol
c. Propanal
d. Benzaldehyde
57. Which of the following reagent react with both aldehydes and ketones?
a. Tollens reagent
b. Fehling reagent
c. Benedict reagent
d. Grignard reagent
58. Silver mirror is given by:
a. Ketones
b. Ethers
c. Acids
d. Aldehydes
59. When acetaldehyde is heated with Fehling solution, it gives
a. CuO
b. Cu2O
c. Cu
d. Cu + Cu2O
60. Which of the following reaction is not shown by aldehydes?
a. Cannizzaro's reaction
b. Reaction with alcohol
c. Polymerization
d. Reaction with sodium nitroprusside

61. Compound ‘A’ C5H10O forms a phenyl hydrazone and gives negative Tollen’s and iodoform test:
(A) 2-pentanone
(B) 3-pentanone
(C) Pentanal
(D) n-pentane
62. Which of the following test is given by only aromatic aldehydes?
a. Fehling solution test
b. Sodium nitroprusside test
c. Sodium bisulphite test
d. Tollen's test
63. Which one of the following reacts with Tollen reagent?
a. Acetone
b. Pentanone
c. Butanone
d. Ethanal
64. Reactions of aldehydes and ketones with ammonia derivatives are :
a. Oxidation
b. Phenylation
c. Acid catalyzed reaction
d. Basd catalyzed reaction

KEY
42. D
43. C
44. B
45. A
46. A
47. C Because it is acid catalyzed reactio
48. D
49. D
50. C
51. C
52. A
53. A CH2=CH-CHOH-CH3 (only C=O breaks)
54. D In case of symmetrical ketones only carbon atom adjacent to carbonyl group is oxidized and a
mixture of two carboxylic acids is always obtained. For example acetone gives acetic acid and formic
acid. In case of unsymmetrical ketones, carbon atom joined to smaller number of hydrogen atom is
preferabley oxidized and carbonyl group remains with smaller alkyl group. For example Butanone gives
only acetic acid
55. D Diethyl ketone is 3-Pentanone. Ethyl methyl ketone is butanone. Ethyl n propyl ketone is 3-
Hexanone. In case of symmetrical ketones only carbon atom adjacent to carbonyl group is oxidized and
a mixture of two carboxylic acids is always obtained. For example acetone gives acetic acid and formic
acid. In case of unsymmetrical ketones, carbon atom joined to smaller number of hydrogen atom is
preferabley oxidized and carbonyl group remains with smaller alkyl group. For example Butanone gives
only acetic acid. 3-Hexanone gives only propanoic acid.
56. C Aldehydes are stong reducing agent. Propanal is easily oxidized due to –C-H group and small size
57. D
58. D
59. B
60. D Only ketones react with sodium nitroprusside.
61. B Ketone reacts with DNPH but
62. B Both aldehydes and Ketones form phenylhydrazones. Aldehydes also react with Tollens reagent.
Ketones do not react with Tollens reagent. Now from given options, 2-pentanone and 3-pentanone both
do not react with Tollen reagent but 2-pentanone give iodoform form test positive due to presence of
CH3 group attached to carbonyl carbon [CH3-CH2-CH2-CO-CH3] but 3-pentanone gives iodoform test
negative due to absence of CH3 group attached to carbonyl carbon [CH3-CH2-CO-CH2-CH3]
63. D Aldehydes react with Tollen Reagent. Ketones do not react with Tollen reagent.
64. C
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
1. Which acid do not contain - COOH groups?
(A) Ethanoic acid
(B) Lactic acid
(C) Picric acid
(D) Palmitic acid
2. IUPAC name of Malonic acid is :
a. Ethanoic acid
b. Ethanedioc acid
c. Propanoic acid
d. Propanedioc acid ®
3. Acetic acid exists as dimmer in benzene due to:
(A) Condensation reaction
(B) Presence of H-atom at -carbon
(C) Presence of -COOH group
(D) H-bonding
4. When carboxylic acid is dissolved in non polar solvent such as benzene it exist as cyclic dimmers and
shows _________ membered ring
A) 6
B) 8
C) 10
D) 12
5. Which of the following carboxylic acid does not have pungent smell?
a. Methanoic acid
b. Propanoic acid
c. Butanoic acid
d. Ethanoic acid
6. Which one of the following carboxylic acid has highest boiling point?
a. Methanoic acid
b. Propanoic acid
c. Butanoic acid
d. Ethanoic acid
7. Which one of the following carboxylic acid has highest melting point?
a. Ethanoic acid
b. Propanoic acid
c. Butanoic acid
d. Pentanoic acid
8. The strongest acid is:
a. Ethanoic acid
b. Propanoic acid
c. Butanoic acid
d. Pentanoic acid
9. The strongest acid is:
a. Flouroacetic acid
b. Chloroacetic acid
c. Bromoacetic acid
d. Iodoacetic acid
10. The weakest acid among the following is?
a. F-CH2-COOH
b. Cl2-CH-COOH
c. Br-CH2-COOH
d. I2-CH-COOH
11. The weakest acid is :
a. CH3COOH
b. ClCH2COOH
c. Cl2CHCOOH
d. Cl3COOH
12. The strongest acid is :
a. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH
b. F-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH
c. CH3-CH(F) - CH2-CH2-COOH
d. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH(F)-COOH
13. The strongest acid is :
a. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH
b. F-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH
c. CH3-CH(Cl)-CH2-CH2-COOH
d. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH(Br)-COOH
14. The weakest carboxylic acid:
(A) HCOOH
(B) CH3CH2COOH
(C) CH3COOH
(D) ClCH2COOH
15. The acidic nature of carboxylic acid is due to:

(A) Higher degree of ionization of the acid
(B) Greater resonance stabilization of the acid
(C) Greater resonance stabilisation of the carboxylate ion
(D) Lower degree of ionization
16. Which of the followings show maximum acidic character?
(A) Phenol
(B) Ethanol
(C) Ethanoic acid
(D) Methanoic acid
17. The increasing order of acid strength is
A) Phenol, Acetic Acid, Ethanol, Chloroacetic acid
B) Acetic acid, Ethanol, Phenol, Chloroacetic acid
C) Ethanol, Phenol, Acetic acid, Chloroacetic acid
D) Chloroacetic acid, Acetic acid, Ethanol, Phenol
18. Carboxylic acid cannot show which type of reactions?
a. De-carboxylation of Na/k salt of carboxylic acid
b. Acid-base reaction
c. Nucleophilic substitution
d. Electrophilic addition
19. Ethanoic acid reacts with all of these to produce water except?
a. Sodium
b. Ethanol
c. Caustic soda
d. Sodium hydrogen carbonate
20. All of the following reactions of carboxylic acid are electrophilic substitution except?
a. Reaction with base
b. Reaction with carbonates
c. Reaction with metals
d. Reactions with ammonia
21. Acids form sodium salt with evolution of CO2 on treatment with :
a. Sodium metal
b. Soda lime
c. Sodium carbonate
d. Sodium hydroxide
22. CH3COOH + Ca ----> CH3COOCa + H2 . This given reaction proceeds through which mechanism?
23. Salt formation reactions of carboxylic acids are:

24. Conversion of Acetic acid into an acetyl chloride by treating it with Thionyl chloride is an example of :
25. CH3COOH + SOCl2 ----> CH3COCl + SO2 + HCl . In this reaction ----- attacks on Electrophilic carbon?
a. Cl¯
b. S¯
c. O¯
d. H¯
26. CH3COOH + SOCl2 ----> CH3COCl + SO2 + HCl . In this reaction Cl¯, attacks on :
a. Methyl carbon
b. Carbonyl carbon
c. Hydroxy Hydrogen
d. Carbonyl Oxygen
27. Carboxylic acid can be changed to acid chloride by the treatment with:
(A) S2Cl2
(B) SOCl2
(C) HCl
(D) HOCl
28. Which product is not formed when acetic acid reacts with SOCl2?
(A) CH3Cl
(B) CH3COCl
(C) HCl
(D) SO2
29. Which of the following will react with both ethanol and ethanoic acid at room temperature?
(A) CaCO3
(B) CuO
(C) Na-metal
(D) CH3OH
30. Esterification is faster in case of:
(A) HCOOH
(B) CH3COOH
(C) (CH3)2CHCOOH
(D) All are equal
31. When ethanol is treated with acetic acid then which of the following ester is formed?
a. Ethyl formate
b. Ethyl ethonate
c. Ethyl propionate
d. Methyl ethonate
32. When ethanol is treated with formic acid then which of the following ester is formed?
a. Ethyl formate
b. Ethyl ethonate
c. Ethyl propionate
d. Methyl ethonate
33. Methyl formate is prepared by reaction of CH3Br with :
a. HCOONa
b. CH3COONa
c. HCOOH
d. CH3COOH
34. During esterification, protonation of carboxylic acid occurs at:
a. Methyl carbon
b. Carbonyl carbon
c. Hydroxyl group
d. Carbonyl Oxygen
35. During esterification, –OH of alcohol attacks on:
a. Methyl carbon
b. Carbonyl carbon
c. Hydroxyl group
d. Carbonyl Oxygen
36. When ethanol is treated with formic acid then which ester is formed?
a. Ethyl propionate
b. Ethyl formate
c. Ethyl ethonate
d. Methyl ethonate
37. The organic compound A and B react with sodium metal and release H2 gas. A and B react with each
other to give ethyl acetate. The A and B are:
(A) CH3COOH and C2H5OH
(B) HCOOH and C2H5OH
(C) CH3COOH and CH3OH
(D) CH3COOH and HCOOH
38. Amyl butyrate has flavour of:
(A) Banana
(B) Apricot
(C) Jasmine
(D) Orange
39. Carboxylic acid react with ammonia to form?
a. Ammonium salt
b. Acetamide
c. Ammonia
d. Cyanide
40. Formation of amide from carboxylic acid is :

41. Which derivative cannot be prepared directly from acetic acid?
(A) Acetamide
(B) Acetyl chloride
(C) Acetic anhdride
(D) Ethyl acetate
42. Those compounds in which a water molecule is eliminated from two carboxylic groups of same or
different molecules are called:
a. Acid amide
b. Acid imide
c. Acid anhydride
d. Acid halide
43. In preparation of acetic anhydride, P2O5 gets converted into:
(A) H3PO3
(B) H3PO4
(C) HPO3 ®
(D) H4P2O7
44. Unsaturated carboxylic acid on reaction with Lithium aluminium hydride give:
a. Saturated alcohol
b. Unsaturated alcohol
c. Acetic anhydride
d. Saturated ketones
45. Which of the following cannot be prepared directly from carboxylic acid?
a. Alkane
b. Alcohol
c. Ketone
d. Alkene
46. Carboxylic acids on reduction with Hl and red phosphorous gives
A) Alkane
C) Benzene
B) Alkene
D) Alkyne
47. Which of the following is not a derivative of carboxylic acid?
a. Acid chlorides
b. Acid imide
c. Esters
d. Acid anhydride
48. Which derivative of carboxylic acid has greater reavtivity?
a. Acid chlorides
b. Acid amide
c. Esters
d. Acid anhydride
49. A compound X on reduction gives alcohol. Compound X has molecular mass of 30 amu. What is the
compound X?
a. Aldehyde
b. Ketone
c. Carboxylic acid
d. Ether
50. X is an organic compound made up of C, H and O. It has vapour density 15. Compound X is :
a. Aldehyde
b. Ketone
c. Carboxylic acid
d. Ether
KEY
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. B
5. C First three members have pungent smell
6. C As molecular mass increases, boiling point increases
7. C Melting points of carboxylic acids containing even number of carbon atoms are higher than the
next lower and higher members containing odd number of carbon atoms
8. A Greater the methyl group, weaker the acidic strength because methyl group are electron donating
group. Charge density increases on hydroxyl group due to which proton holding capacity of oxygen
increases. Release of proton becomes difficult. Acids which do not realese proton are weak acids
9. A Only halogens are the such o-p directing groups which instead of electron donating are electron
withdrawing group. So they draw charge density from hydroxyl group and proton holding capacity of
Oxygen decreases i.e release of proton becomes easier thus acidic strength increases. Flourine is more
electronegative thats why it greatly increases the acidic strength F-CH3COOH > Cl-CH3COOH > Br-
CH3COOH > I-CH3COOH
10. C because in option D there is diiodoacetic acid. As Number of halogens increases, acidic strength
increases. Two I can withdraw electron density greatly as compared to single more electronegative Br
11. A In option A there are only methyl group whichbare electron donating makes tue acid weak
12. D Nearer the halogen to the hydroxyl group, greater the withdrawing effect and stronger will be the
acidic strength
13. D Nearer the halogen to the hydroxyl group, greater the withdrawing effect and stronger will be the
acidic strength
14. B Methyl groups makes an acid weaker
15. C Just like in case of phenol
16. D Carboxylic acid > Phenol > Alcohol . Lesser the number of methyl groups, stronger will be the acid.
17. C Carboxylic acid > Phenol > Alcohl
18. A
19. A With sodium it gives H2 like alcohol
20. D In first three options, O-H bond of carboxylic acid breaks. Its hydrogen releases as an electrophile.
21. C With sodium carbonate and bicarbonate
22. A Because O-H bond of carboxylic acid breaks. Hydrogen is substituted by metal calcium.
23. A Because O-H bond of carboxylic acid breaks.
24. B Because -OH group is replaced by halide
25. A
26. B Carbonyl carbon is a nucleophile
27. B
28. A
29. C Both gives hydrogen gas

30. A
31. B C2H5OH + CH3COOH ---> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O . Ethyl ethonate or Ethyl acetate is produced
32. A C2H5OH + HCOOH ---> HCOOC2H5 + H2O
33. A CH3Br + HCOONa ----> HCOOCH3 + NaBr
34. D Ist step of esterification
35. B 2nd step of esterification
36. B
37. A Alcohol and Carboxylic acid both react with metal and give H2. They react with each other to give
ester. C2H5OH + CH3COOH ---> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
38.
39. A Ammonium salt on dehydration produce acid amides
40. B Because - OH group is replaced and OH is a nucleophile
41. A First ammonium salt is formed which later on dehydration gives acidamide
42. C
43.
44. B LiAlH4 is unable to reduce the double bond
45. D
46. A
47. B
48. A Acid chloride > Acid anhydride > Ester > Acid amide
49. A Aldehyde, ketone and carboxylic acid give alcohol on oxidation. 30 amu is not possible for ketone
and carboxylic acid because molecular mass of their lowest members i.e Formic acid (46amu) and
Acetone (58amu). Only aldehydes have a member of molecular mass of 30amu and that one is
formaldehyde
50. A Molecular mass = 2 × V.D = 30 amu

Molecular mass of lowest member of carboxylic acid 46 amu i.e Formic acid. Molecular mass of
lowest member of Ketone is 58 amu i.e Acetone. Molecular mass of lowest member of Ether is 46 amu
i.e dimethyl ether. However molecular mass of lowest member of aldehyde is 30 amu i.e Formaldehyde
AMINO ACIDS
1. The peptide bond which is formed by the condensation of amino acids is what type of
bond
A) ester
B) amide
C) ether
D) Anhydride
2. Which of the following is neutral amino acid:
A) Glycine
B) Histidine
C) Lysine
D) Aspartic acid
3. By convention a peptide having molecular mass upto 10,000 is called:
A) Peptide
B) Polypeptide
C) Protein
D) Dipeptide
4. The amino acid which was first isolated from cheese is:
A) Glycine
B) Tyrosine
C) Lysine
D) Valine
5. The pH at which concentration of Zwitter ion is maximal in solution is:
A) Optimum pH
B) Isotonic point
C) Isoelectric point
D) Azeotropic point
6. All the amino acids are asymmetric and show optical isomerism except:
A) Valine
B) Tyrosine
B) Glycine
D) Alanine
7. The amino acids exert buffer action as:
A) They have achiral alpha carbon center
B) They form peptide linkage with each other
C) They can combine with both H+ and OH- ions
D) They form proteins on polymerization
8. The amino acids are different from each other due to:
A) Arrangement of amino and carboxylic group with respect to each other

B) Number of amino and carboxylic group with respect to each other
C) Number of Nitrogen atoms in each amino acid
D) Structure of alkyl group
9. The amino acid which contains aromatic ring in its structure is
A) Lysine
C) Tyrosine
B) Histidine
D) Glycine
10. Which one of the following is not an amino acid?
(A) Alanine
(B) Glycine
(C) Aspartic acid
(D) Aniline
11. The simplest of all amino acids:
(A) Lysine
(B) Glycine
(C) Alanine
(D) Aspartic acid
12. Which of the following is neutral amino acids?
(A) Alanine
(B) Aniline
(C) Analine
(D) Aspartic acid
13. Which statement is incorrect about Zwitter ion?
(A) It is double ion
(B) It is a salt
(C) It is internal salt
(D) It can be precipitated
14. IUPAC name of glycine is:
(A) Amino acetic acid
(B) 2-Amino ethanoic acid
(C) Amino propionic acid
(D) Imino acetic acid
15. In basic medium proton is released by the Zwitter ion from:
(A) -COOH
(B) -NH2
(C) NH3+
(D) NH3
16. When an alkali is added to the aqueous solution of an amino acid, net charge on a molecule of amino
acid is:
(A) +ve
(B) Zero
(C) -ve
(D) May be +ve or -ve

17. Amino acids are organic compounds containing both
(A) Amino and aldehydic group
(B) Amino and Carboxylic group
(C) Amino and ketonic group
(D) Amino and hydroxyl group
18. Amino acids exist as
(A) Polar ion
(B) non polar ion
(C) Dipolar ion
(D) Tripolar ion
19. The common name of, 2-amino Propanoic acid is
(A) Lysine
(B) Alanine
(C) Asparagine
(D) Glutamine
20. In aqueous media that contains alanine and HCl, the distribution of charges:
a. Cations > Anions
b. Cations < Anions
c. Cations = Anions
d. No charge
21. The IUPAC name of Valine is
(A) 2 – Amino butyric acid
(B) 2 – Amino Pentanoic acid
(C) 3 – Amino , 2 – Methyl butanoic acid
(D) 2 – Amino 3 – methyl butanoic acid
22. Which of the following amino acid is hetrocyclic?
a. Proline
b. Histidine
c. Lysine
d. Valine
23. Which of the following amino acids has two amino groups?
a. Glycine
b. Alanine
c. Proline
d. Lysine
24. Which of the following amino must be supplied in diet to body?
a. Proline
b. Lysine
c. Glycine
d. Alanine
25. At low pH, amino acid exists as?

a. Cation
b. Anion
c. Zwitter ion
d. Neutral system
26. Alpha amino succinic acid is :
a. Glutamic acid
b. Aspartic acid
c. Valine
d. Lysine
27. In basic medium, amino acid exists in form of:
a. NH2–CH2–COOH
b. NH2–CH2–COO¯
c. COOH–CH2-NH3+
d. COO¯–CH2–NH3+
KEY
1. B
2. A glycine and alanine are neutral AAs
3. B
4. B
5. C Each amino acid has its own isoelectric pH
6. C Glycine is optically inactive due to lack of chiral carbon

7. A An amino acid can act as a buffer because it can react with added acids and bases to keep the pH
nearly constant. Option C is wrong because amino acid reacts with H+(acid) and OH¯(base) but it does
not accept OH¯
8. D
9. B
10. D Aniline is a derivative of benzene
11. B
12. A Glycine and Alanine
13. B
14. B
15. C In basic medium, acidic character of amino acid is due to –NH3+
16. C When an alkali/base is added to an amino acid, –NH3+ releases proton and Zwitter ion exists in
anionic form
17. B
18. C
19. B
20. A In acidic medium, amino acid exists in form of cation
21. D
22. B
23. D Lysine is basic amino acid
24. B Glycine, Alanine and Proline are non essential amino acid. Body can synthesize them itself. These
amino acids are also examples of Neutral amino acids
25. A Low pH means acidic medium. In acidic medium amino acid exist as cation
26. B Succinic acid is HCOOH–CH2–CH2–COOH . Aspartic acid is HCOOH–CH2–CH(NH2)–COOH
27. B In basic medium, amino acid exists as anion

THE END
BEST OF LUCK
ABDUL MANAN

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BEST MCQS COLLECTION ACCORDING TO UHS SYLLABUS 2019

REMEMBER ME IN YOUR PRAYER

Total number of atoms represented by compound CuSO4.5H2O is :

a. Si-28 has greater % abundance ®

b. Si-29 has greater % abundance

d. All have same % abundance

Which of the following elements has nine isotopes:

Silver has isotopes:

Which of the following is not mono isotopic element?

A solution used to absorb CO2 during combustion analysis is

C) Very dilute potassium hydroxide

D) 50% potassium hydroxide ®

The water formed in combustion analysis is absorbed by passing through the

C) very dilute KOH

(A) Empirical formula ®

(B) Molecular formula

(C) Empirical mass

(D) Molecular mass

d. Relative molecular mass

Molecular formula = n × Emperical formula

Emperical formula mass of C3H3O = 55amu

The gram molecule of benzene is equal to

In C6H6, Total number of C = 12 × 6 = 72 and Total number of H = 1 × 6 = 6 ∴

% of X = 75.8 and % of Y = 100 – 75.8 = 24.2 Number of

Number of moles = % composition/atomic mass C=

A compound (80 g) on analysis gave C = 24 g, H = 4 g, O = 32 g. Its empirical formula is

C = 24 g, H = 4 g, O = 32 g So, Molecular formula = C2H4O2 So, Empirical formula = CH2O

The volume occupied by 2.0 g of Ne at STP:

1 mole of Neon = 20g = 22.4 dm³ so 2g of neon = 2.24 dm³

22400cm³ = 16g >>> 11200cm³ = 8g >>> 112cm³ = 0.08g

1L of a gas at STP weight 1.16g it can be possible :

1L weight = 1.16g >>> 22.4L weight = 22.4×1.16 = 26g

Nitrogen (14) : Oxygen (16) >>> 7 : 8

O2 : H2 : CH4 >>> 32 : 2 : 16 To equal masses (32)1 : (2)16 : (16)2 so ratio is 1:16:2

What is the ratio of volume of 1 g H2 to the volume of 16 g CH4 at S.T.P.?

2g of H2 = 22.4 dm³ and 1g of H2 = 11.2 dm³ 16g of CH4 = 22.4 dm³

(A) 2CO(g) + O2(g) ⎯→ 2CO2(g)

(B) O2(g) + 2H2(g) ⎯→ 2H2O(g) ®

(C) H2(g) + F2(g) ⎯→ 2HF(g)

(D) N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⎯→ 2NH3(g)

Volume occupied by 1 g molecular weight of any gas is called

(A) Gram molecular volume ®

(B) Gram atomic volume

(C) Gram molecular weight

(D) Gram atomic weight

(B) 0.5 cm3

(C) 0.75 cm3

CH4 + 2 O2 ⎯→ CO2 + 2H2O (1 vol.)

N2 + 3H2 --------> 2 NH3

The number of molecules in 16 g of oxygen is

Number of molecules in 32 oxygen = NA

One mole of H2O corresponds to :

a. 22.4 L at 1 atm and 25°C

d. NA atoms of oxygen and NA atoms of hydrogen

What is the mass of 0.5 mole of ozone molecule?

One mole of oxygen weighs______.

(D) 6.023 × 10²³ g