𝐗𝐈𝐈 𝐄𝐱 𝟐.

𝟏 𝐍𝐞𝐰
1
Q1 Identify the domain and range of the functions following graph.

(i) Domain = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ}, Range = {𝑦|𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑦 ≥ 0}

(ii) Domain = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ}, Range = {𝑦|𝑦 ∈ ℝ }

(iii) Domain = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑥 ≥ 0}, Range = {𝑦|𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑦 ≥ 0}

(iv) Domain = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑥 ≠ 0}, Range = {𝑦|𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑦 > 0}

OR
Domain = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑥 ≠ 0}, Range = {𝑦|𝑦 ∈ ℝ+ }

(v) Domain = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑥 ≠ 0}, Range = {𝑦|𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑦 ≠ 0}

Q2 If 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 3, then find

(i) 𝑓∘𝑔 (ii) 𝑔∘𝑓 (iii) 𝑓 ∘ 𝑓 (iv) 𝑔 ∘ 𝑔

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 2 − (1) and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 3 − (2)

(i) 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑔(𝑥) in eq(1)

eq(1) ⟹

𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 5𝑔(𝑥) + 2

𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 5(2𝑥 2 − 3) + 2 By eq(2)

𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 10𝑥 2 − 15 + 2

𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 10𝑥 2 − 13

(ii) 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑓(𝑥) in eq(2)

eq(2) ⟹

𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 2[𝑓(𝑥)]2 − 3

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 2[5𝑥 + 2]2 − 3 By eq(1)

 𝐗𝐈𝐈 𝐄𝐱 𝟐. 𝟏 𝐍𝐞𝐰
2
2
𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 2[25𝑥 + 20𝑥 + 4] − 3

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 50𝑥 2 + 40𝑥 + 8 − 3

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 50𝑥 2 + 40𝑥 + 5

(iii) 𝑓 ∘ 𝑓 = 𝑓 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑓(𝑥) in eq(1)

eq(1) ⟹

𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 5𝑓(𝑥) + 2

𝑓 ∘ 𝑓 = 5(5𝑥 + 2) + 2 By eq(1)

𝑓 ∘ 𝑓 = 25𝑥 + 10 + 2

𝑓 ∘ 𝑓 = 25𝑥 + 12

(iv) 𝑔 ∘ 𝑔 = 𝑔 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑔(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑔(𝑥) in eq(2)

eq(2) ⟹

𝑔 ∘ 𝑔 = 2[𝑔(𝑥)]2 − 3

𝑔 ∘ 𝑔 = 2[2𝑥 2 − 3]2 − 3 By eq(2)

𝑔 ∘ 𝑔 = 2[4𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 2 + 9] − 3

𝑔 ∘ 𝑔 = 8𝑥 4 − 24𝑥 2 + 18 − 3

𝑔 ∘ 𝑔 = 8𝑥 4 − 24𝑥 2 + 15

Q3 If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1, then find 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) for 𝑥 = −5

Slon: Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − (1) and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 − (2)

To find: 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) for 𝑥 = −5

𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
 𝐗𝐈𝐈 𝐄𝐱 𝟐. 𝟏 𝐍𝐞𝐰
3
Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑔(𝑥) in eq(1)

eq(1) ⟹

𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 2𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 + 1) By eq(2)

For 𝑥 = −5

𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 2(−5 + 1) = −8

Q4 If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 , then find 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) for 𝑥 = 1

Slon: Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 − (1) and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − (2)

To find: 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) for 𝑥 = 1

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑓(𝑥) in eq(2)

eq(2) ⟹
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = [𝑓(𝑥)]2

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3)2 By eq(2)

For 𝑥 = 1

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = (1 + 3)2 = 16

Q5 If 𝑐(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 and 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 1, then find 𝑝 ∘ 𝑐(𝑥)

Slon: Given: 𝑐(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 − (1) and 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 1 − (2)

To find: 𝑝 ∘ 𝑐(𝑥)

𝑝 ∘ 𝑐(𝑥) = 𝑝(𝑐(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑐(𝑥) in eq(2)

eq(2) ⟹ 𝑝(𝑐(𝑥)) = (cos 𝑥)3 + 1

 𝐗𝐈𝐈 𝐄𝐱 𝟐. 𝟏 𝐍𝐞𝐰
4
3
𝑝 ∘ 𝑐(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 + 1

𝐍𝐎𝐓𝐄: To find: 𝑐 ∘ 𝑝(𝑥)

𝑐 ∘ 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑐(𝑝(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑝(𝑥) in eq(1)

eq(1) ⟹ 𝑐(𝑝(𝑥)) = cos 𝑝(𝑥)

𝑐 ∘ 𝑝(𝑥) = cos(𝑥 3 + 1)

Q6 Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2 are two given functionc then

find (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)−1 and (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1 also show that (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1 = 𝑓 −1 ∘ 𝑔−1 .

Slon: Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 − (1) and 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2 − (2)

(𝑎) For (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)−1 :

𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑔(𝑥) in eq(1)

eq(1) ⟹ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑥) + 2

𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = (3𝑥 − 2) + 2 By eq(2)

𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 3𝑥 − (3)

Replacing 𝑥 by (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)−1 and 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 by 𝑥 in eq(3)

𝑥
eq(3) ⟹ 𝑥 = 3(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)−1 ⟹ (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)−1 =
3

(𝑏) For (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1 :

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑓(𝑥) in eq(2)

eq(2) ⟹ 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 3𝑓(𝑥) − 2

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 3(𝑥 + 2) − 2 By eq(1)
 𝐗𝐈𝐈 𝐄𝐱 𝟐. 𝟏 𝐍𝐞𝐰
5
𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 3𝑥 + 6 − 2

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 3𝑥 + 4 − (4)

Replacing 𝑥 by (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1 and 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 by 𝑥 in eq(4)

eq(4) ⟹ 𝑥 = 3(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1 + 4 ⟹ 𝑥 − 4 = 3(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1

𝑥−4
⟹ (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1 = − (5)
3

(𝑐) To show: (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)−1 = 𝑓 −1 ∘ 𝑔−1

For (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1 :

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑓(𝑥) in eq(2)

eq(2) ⟹ 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 3𝑓(𝑥) − 2

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 3(𝑥 + 2) − 2 By eq(1)

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 3𝑥 + 6 − 2

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 3𝑥 + 4 − (4)

Replacing 𝑥 by (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1 and 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 by 𝑥 in eq(4)

eq(4) ⟹ 𝑥 = 3(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1 + 4 ⟹ 𝑥 − 4 = 3(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1

𝑥−4
⟹ (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1 = − (5)
3

For 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 :

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) and 𝑓(𝑥) by 𝑥 in eq(1)

eq(1) ⟹ 𝑥 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) + 2 ⟹ 𝑥 − 2 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) − (6)

For 𝑔−1 (𝑥) = 𝑔−1 :

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑔−1 (𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) by 𝑥 in eq(2)

eq(2) ⟹ 𝑥 = 3𝑔−1 (𝑥) − 2 ⟹ 𝑥 + 2 = 3𝑔−1 (𝑥)

 𝐗𝐈𝐈 𝐄𝐱 𝟐. 𝟏 𝐍𝐞𝐰
6
𝑥+2
= 𝑔−1 (𝑥)
3

For 𝑓 −1 ∘ 𝑔−1 :

𝑓 −1 ∘ 𝑔−1 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑔−1 (𝑥)) − (7)

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑔−1 (𝑥) in eq(6)

eq(6) ⟹ 𝑔−1 (𝑥) − 2 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑔−1 (𝑥))

𝑥+2
− 2 = 𝑓−1 (𝑔−1 (𝑥))
3
𝑥+2−6
= 𝑓−1 (𝑔−1 (𝑥))
3
𝑥−4
𝑓 −1 (𝑔−1 (𝑥)) =
3
𝑥−4
𝑓 −1 ∘ 𝑔−1 = − (8) By eq(7)
3
From eq(5) and eq(8) we have

(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1 = 𝑓 −1 ∘ 𝑔−1

Q7 Given that ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3 and 𝑘(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5 are two given functionc then

verify that (i) ℎ∘𝑘 ≠𝑘∘ℎ (ii) (ℎ ∘ 𝑘)−1 = 𝑘 −1 ∘ ℎ−1

(iii) (𝑘 ∘ ℎ)−1 = ℎ−1 ∘ 𝑘 −1

(i) ℎ∘𝑘 ≠𝑘∘ℎ

Slon: Given: ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3 − (1) and 𝑘(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5 − (2)

ℎ ∘ 𝑘 = ℎ ∘ 𝑘(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑘(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑘(𝑥) in eq(1)

eq(1) ⟹

ℎ(𝑘(𝑥)) = 𝑘(𝑥) − 3
 𝐗𝐈𝐈 𝐄𝐱 𝟐. 𝟏 𝐍𝐞𝐰
7
ℎ ∘ 𝑘 = (2𝑥 + 5) − 3 By eq(2)

ℎ ∘ 𝑘 = 2𝑥 + 2 − (3)

𝑘 ∘ ℎ = 𝑘 ∘ ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑘(ℎ(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by ℎ(𝑥) in eq(2)

eq(2) ⟹

𝑘(ℎ(𝑥)) = 2ℎ(𝑥) + 5

𝑘 ∘ ℎ = 2(𝑥 − 3) + 5 By eq(1)

𝑘 ∘ ℎ = 2𝑥 − 6 + 5

𝑘 ∘ ℎ = 2𝑥 − 1 − (4)

From eq(5) and eq(8) we have

ℎ∘𝑘 ≠𝑘∘ℎ

Hence verified

(ii) (ℎ ∘ 𝑘)−1 = 𝑘 −1 ∘ ℎ−1

For (ℎ ∘ 𝑘)−1 :

ℎ ∘ 𝑘 = ℎ ∘ 𝑘(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑘(𝑥))

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑘(𝑥) in eq(1)

eq(1) ⟹

ℎ(𝑘(𝑥)) = 𝑘(𝑥) − 3

ℎ ∘ 𝑘 = (2𝑥 + 5) − 3 By eq(2)

ℎ ∘ 𝑘 = 2𝑥 + 2 − (3)

Replacing 𝑥 by (ℎ ∘ 𝑘)−1 and ℎ ∘ 𝑘 by 𝑥 in eq(3)

eq(3) ⟹ 𝑥 = 2(ℎ ∘ 𝑘)−1 + 2 ⟹ 𝑥 − 2 = 2(ℎ ∘ 𝑘)−1

 𝐗𝐈𝐈 𝐄𝐱 𝟐. 𝟏 𝐍𝐞𝐰
8
𝑥−2
⟹ (ℎ ∘ 𝑘)−1 = − (4)
2
For 𝑘 −1 ∘ ℎ−1 :

For ℎ−1 (𝑥) = ℎ−1 :

Replacing 𝑥 by ℎ−1 (𝑥) and ℎ(𝑥) by 𝑥 in eq(1)

eq(1) ⟹ 𝑥 = ℎ−1 (𝑥) − 3 ⟹ 𝑥 + 3 = ℎ−1 (𝑥) − (5)

For 𝑘 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑘 −1 :

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑘 −1 (𝑥) and 𝑘(𝑥) by 𝑥 in eq(2)

eq(2) ⟹ 𝑥 = 2𝑘 −1 (𝑥) + 5 ⟹ 𝑥 − 5 = 2𝑘 −1 (𝑥)

𝑥−5
= 𝑘−1 (𝑥) − (6)
2
Now, consider
𝑘 −1 ∘ ℎ−1 = 𝑘 −1 (ℎ−1 (𝑥)) − (7)

Replacing 𝑥 by ℎ−1 (𝑥) in eq(6)

ℎ−1 (𝑥)−5
eq(6) ⟹ = 𝑘−1 (ℎ−1 (𝑥))
2
𝑥+3−5
= 𝑘−1 (ℎ−1 (𝑥)) By eq(5)
2
𝑥−2
𝑘 −1 (ℎ−1 (𝑥)) =
2
𝑥−2
𝑘 −1 ∘ ℎ−1 = − (8) By eq(7)
2
From eq(5) and eq(8) we have

(ℎ ∘ 𝑘)−1 = 𝑘 −1 ∘ ℎ−1
(iii) (𝑘 ∘ ℎ)−1 = ℎ−1 ∘ 𝑘 −1
For (𝑘 ∘ ℎ)−1 :
𝑘 ∘ ℎ = 𝑘 ∘ ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑘(ℎ(𝑥))
Replacing 𝑥 by ℎ(𝑥) in eq(2)
 𝐗𝐈𝐈 𝐄𝐱 𝟐. 𝟏 𝐍𝐞𝐰
9
eq(2) ⟹

𝑘(ℎ(𝑥)) = 2ℎ(𝑥) + 5

𝑘 ∘ ℎ = 2(𝑥 − 3) + 5 By eq(1)

𝑘 ∘ ℎ = 2𝑥 − 6 + 5

𝑘 ∘ ℎ = 2𝑥 − 1 − (3)

Replacing 𝑥 by (𝑘 ∘ ℎ)−1 and 𝑘 ∘ ℎ by 𝑥 in eq(3)

eq(3) ⟹ 𝑥 = 2(𝑘 ∘ ℎ)−1 − 1

𝑥 + 1 = 2(𝑘 ∘ ℎ)−1
𝑥+1
= (𝑘 ∘ ℎ)−1
2
𝑥+1
(𝑘 ∘ ℎ)−1 = − (4)
2
For ℎ−1 ∘ 𝑘 −1 :

For ℎ−1 (𝑥) = ℎ−1 :

Replacing 𝑥 by ℎ−1 (𝑥) and ℎ(𝑥) by 𝑥 in eq(1)

eq(1) ⟹ 𝑥 = ℎ−1 (𝑥) − 3 ⟹ 𝑥 + 3 = ℎ−1 (𝑥) − (5)

For 𝑘 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑘 −1 :

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑘 −1 (𝑥) and 𝑘(𝑥) by 𝑥 in eq(2)

eq(2) ⟹ 𝑥 = 2𝑘 −1 (𝑥) + 5 ⟹ 𝑥 − 5 = 2𝑘 −1 (𝑥)

𝑥−5
= 𝑘−1 (𝑥) − (6)
2
Now, consider
ℎ−1 ∘ 𝑘 −1 = ℎ−1 (𝑘 −1 (𝑥)) − (7)

Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑘 −1 (𝑥) in eq(5)

eq(5) ⟹ 𝑘 −1 (𝑥) + 3 = 𝑘 −1 (ℎ−1 (𝑥))

 𝐗𝐈𝐈 𝐄𝐱 𝟐. 𝟏 𝐍𝐞𝐰
10
𝑥−5
+ 3 = ℎ−1 (𝑘−1 (𝑥)) By eq(6)
2
𝑥−5+6
ℎ−1 (𝑘 −1 (𝑥)) =
2
𝑥+1
ℎ−1 (𝑘 −1 (𝑥)) =
2
𝑥+1
ℎ−1 ∘ 𝑘 −1 = − (8) By eq(7)
2
From eq(5) and eq(8) we have

(𝑘 ∘ ℎ)−1 = ℎ−1 ∘ 𝑘 −1