EXPERIMENT 2- EXTRACTION

OBJECTIVE

Extraction is the process of separating a substance from solid mixtures in solution and
removing dissolved, unwanted impurities from solid mixtures.

THEORY

In the laboratory, the extraction process is done mostly from the solutions. The basic principle
is based on the partial dispersion of the compound in two separate phases. By making more
extractions with the same amount of solvent, a larger amount of substance is taken into the
desired solvent phase.

The solution and suspension is usually the water phase. The organic solvent used should be
immiscible with water. Generally used solvents; diethyl ether, benzene, chloroform, carbon
tetrachloride, petroleum ether. The solvent to be used is determined by considering the
solubility of the substance to be extracted in the solvent and the ease of separation of the
substance from the solvent afterwards.

Natural products are generally obtained from any plant or fruit by extraction method.

CAFFEINE

TANNIN
Materials Chemicals

 Beaker  150 mL water

 Heating mantle  10 mL cloroform
 Hot plate  10 g dry tea
 Filter paper
 Separatory funnel

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

1. Put 10 g Na2CO3 and 100 ml water in a beaker and heat until it boils.
2. Put 3 tea bags into this solution and let it brew for about 7 minutes.
 3. Meanwhile, prepare 50 ml of boiling water in a separate beaker. Take the tea bags out
of the solution and put them into 50 ml of hot water and wait for 5 minutes. Remove
the tea bags from the water by squeezing them as much as possible (Be careful not to
burst the bags during this process.)
4. Combine the two aqueous extracts and allow to cool at room temperature.
5. Extract the aqueous tea mixture with 20 ml of chloroform 3 times. Avoid shaking the
separatory funnel too quickly to avoid a possible emulsion.
6. Take the chloroform phases in an erlenmeyer dry them with anhydrous CaCl2.
7. Take it into the evaporation container and evaporate the chloroform to obtain crude
caffeine.
8. Determine the melting point and yield.
9. Compare with the melting point of pure caffeine

https://biocyclopedia.com/index/chem_lab_methods/liquidliquid_extraction.php

RESULTS

% CAFFEINE (CAFFEINE WEIGHT/ weigh TEA

WEIGHT)x100