Behes mathura

Kin selection
It is the evolutionary strategy that favours the reproductive success of an organism even at a risk of the
organism's own life and reproduction . It is a practise of organisms for dedicating their own lives for the
sake of their relatives with no profit in turn. The only reason for the vast practise of natural selection is
to increase their species and promote their genes. A very common example can be beess . It is found
that their are many worker bees but only the queen will reproduce by mating with a male bee in order
to produce an offspring for promting thier future generations. Thus , the sacrifices done by the worker
bees for their relatives is said to he know as the kin selection. It can also observed in the human
behaviour as their are some people who reproduce in order to provide future generations to their
relatives.....This is done to explain the altruistic behaviour

Altruistic behaviors have been researched and noted by scientists extending back to Charles Darwin in
the 1850s. Although not initially called kin selection theory, William Hamilton is largely credited with the
foundation ideas of kin selection theory in his inclusive fitness theory. Hamilton also devised Hamilton's
rule that mathematically compares the altruistic cost, the relative's reproductive benefit, and
relatedness of the two individuals. Hamilton's ruke of kin selection states that you can increase fitness
by producing your own offsprings as well as genetic relatives .

Racism

Racism is the process by which systems and policies, actions and attitudes create inequitable
opportunities and outcomes for people based on race. Racism is more than just prejudice in thought or
action.Examples may include the racist agenda between the africans and the americans.

Around 200 million people identifying themselves as being of African descent live in the Americas. Many
millions more live in other parts of the world, outside of the African continent.

Whether as descendants of the victims of the transatlantic slave trade or as more recent migrants, they
constitute some of the poorest and most marginalized groups.

For centuries, people of African descent were marginalized as part of the legacy of slavery and
colonialism. There is a growing consensus that racism and racial discrimination have caused people of
African descent to be held back in many aspects of public life. They have suffered exclusion and poverty
and are often ’invisible‘ in official statistics. There has been progress, but the situation persists, to
varying degrees, in many parts of the world.
Ethinicity(sub topic)

While the concepts of race and ethnicity are considered to be separate in contemporary social science,
the two terms have a long history of equivalence in popular usage and older social science literature.
"Ethnicity" is often used in a sense close to one traditionally attributed to "race", the division of human
groups based on qualities assumed to be essential or innate to the group (e.g. shared ancestry or shared
behavior).

Racism and racial discrimination are often used to describe discrimination on an ethnic or cultural basis,
independent of whether these differences are described as racial. According to the United Nations's
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, there is no distinction between the
terms "racial" and "ethnic" discrimination. It further concludes that superiority based on racial
differentiation is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust, and dangerous. The
convention also declared that there is no justification for racial discrimination anywhere.

Examples may include the racist agenda between the africans and the americans.

Around 200 million people identifying themselves as being of African descent live in the Americas. Many
millions more live in other parts of the world, outside of the African continent.

Whether as descendants of the victims of the transatlantic slave trade or as more recent migrants, they
constitute some of the poorest and most marginalized groups.

For centuries, people of African descent were marginalized as part of the legacy of slavery and
colonialism. There is a growing consensus that racism and racial discrimination have caused people of
African descent to be held back in many aspects of public life. They have suffered exclusion and poverty
and are often ’invisible‘ in official statistics. There has been progress, but the situation persists, to
varying degrees, in many parts of the world.

Religions

Even in societies where freedom of religion is a constitutional right, adherents of minority religions
sometimes voice their concerns about religious discrimination against them. Insofar as legal policies are
concerned, cases that are perceived to be cases of religious discrimination might be the result of
interference in the religious sphere by other spheres of the public that are regulated by law.
Religious discrimination is related to religious persecution, the most extreme forms of which would
include instances in which people have been executed for beliefs which have been perceived to be
heretical. Laws that only carry light punishments are described as mild forms of religious persecution or
religious discrimination. In recent years, the term religionism has also been used, but "religious
discrimination" remains the more widely used term.[1][2][3]

Religious discrimination is treating a person or group differently because of the particular beliefs which
they hold about a religion. This includes instances when adherents of different religions, denominations
or non-religions are treated unequally due to their particular beliefs, either by the law or in institutional
settings, such as employment or housing.

Religious intolerance(sub topic)

Religious intolerance, rather, occurs when a group (e.g., a society, a religious group, a non-religious
group) specifically refuses to tolerate one's practices, persons or beliefs on religious.

Taking the UN POLICY IN CONCENTRATION

The cynical abuse of religion or belief as a tool of discrimination, hostility and violence should be
condemned by all actors at every level of society, UN experts and senior UN officials* said today. Ahead
of the International day to commemorate victims of acts of violence based on religion or belief, they
issue the following joint statement:

“The United Nations General Assembly designated 22 August as the International Day Commemorating
the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief, deploring the widespread violations suffered
by individuals, and persons belonging to minorities, who are targeted on the basis of their religion or
belief.The character of religious tolerance which is a manifestation of tolerance in the form of behavior
respects differences in ethnicity, religion, race, language, between religious groups, gender, and even
different opinions. In school, the character of tolerance becomes one of the important characters to be
instilled.

Few good thoughts:

1) Injustice to one is injustice for all!

2) Historian Barbara Fields says that “ anyone who continues to believe in races as a physical
attribute of individuals , despite the now commonplace disclaimers of biologists and geneticists , might
as well also believe that SANTA CLAUS , EASTER BUNNY AND THE TOOTH FAIRY ARE REAL AND THE
EARTH STANDS STILL WHILE THE SUN REVOLVES!”

3) My trust in a higher power that wants me to survive and have love in my life is what keeps me
moving forward .

Telephone conversation
Fun story targeting racism !

The discrimination which occurs due to differentiation is tried to be shown through this verse .

This is basically a conversation between two persons on telephone.

An African person who is also the writer is the one who makes a call to the land lady.

• WASTE JOURNEY:

• THE LADY BELONGED TO A RICH FAMILY

• DESCRIPTIONS FOR THE LADY-Lipstick coated, long gold-Cigarette-holder pipped.

• What should the writer choose A OR B(being light or vey dark)

• Things he noticed around him were red (depicted anger).

• The writer says sarcastically – like plain or milk chocolate.

• DOWN IN MY PASSPORT-WEST AFRICAN SEPIA.

• SYMBOL OF BLACK-BRUNETTE

• AT LAST HE PLEADED :- wouldn’t you rather see me for yourself.

The lightning rod Man

When an unnamed narrator opens his door to a lightning-rod salesman, the two become involved in a
philosophical discussion about faith and the will of God. The salesman claims that the copper rod will
protect its owner from the very lightning that the narrator believes to be an act of God. As they argue,
and the narrator laughs off the explanations, the salesman becomes increasingly and violently angry.

• This story basically contradicts at a situation when a stranger enters an unknown house in order
to sell his lightning rod .

• The man (seller) seems to be very adventurous as he is not afraid of the gods disasters.

• This story just ends in an exclamation that will u buy this stick or not?
The kin selection theory
KIN SELECTION IS THE EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGY THAT FAVOURS THE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF AN
ORGANISMS RELATIVES , EVEN AT THE COST TO THE ORGANISMS OWN SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION.
KIN ALTRUISM IS AN ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOUR WHOSE EVLUTION IS DRIVEN BY KIN SELECTION.

KIN SELECTION IS A TYPE OF NATURAL SELECTION WHERE INDIVIDUALS WILL SACRIFICE THEIR OWN
LIVES IN ORDER TO SAVE THE CLOSELY RELATED ORGANISMS , THEREFORE ENSURNG THE SURVIVAL OF
GENES THAT THEY BOTH SHARE .

Human race
This refers to a group of people with certain features in common that distinguish them from other
groups of people. Five different kinds of race:-

• Caucasoid(white race)-55%

• Negroid (white race)-8%

• Capoid race(bushmen/hottentots) race

• Mongoloid race(oriental )-33%

• Autraloid(Australian aborigine and papuan)race-4%

WHAT CAN BE A BETTER AND UPDATED WAY OF THINKING ABOUT THE RACE SYSTEM IN THE MODERN
WORLD:-

1. Learn to recognize and understand your own privilege.

2. Examine your own biases and consider where they may have originated from.

3. Validate the experience and feelings of people with different colour.

4. Challenge the colorblind ideology.

5. Call out racist jokes or statements.

6. Find out how your company or school works to expand opportunities for people of color.

7. Be thoughtful with your finances.

8. Adopt an intersectional approach in all aspects of your life.

WHAT IS A HIGHER POWER?

A lot of people think that a higher power means God. And that’s what it is for many people, but it
doesn’t have to be. At its core, a higher power is something that you believe is controlling the universe.
It could be nature, the sun or moon, or you can even say the universe, itself. The key is that whatever
you choose should be special and mean something personal to you. In the simplest terms, it’s a power
greater than yourself.

The impact of a higher power in recovery:-

1) Learning to Let Go:

2) Realizing You’re Not Alone:

3) Gain a New Purpose:

What role would religion play in the building of a society now?

Religion is not easy to define. But still many have tried it from different angels: A way of walking, not a
way of talking (DeanWilliam R. Inge). Unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things
(Emile Durkheim). The only real motive force in the world (George Bernard Shaw). Religion is love; in no
case is it logic (Beatrice Potter Webb). Religion is the daughter of Hope and Fear (Ambrose Bierce). What
the individual does with his own solitariness (A. N. Whitehead). A direction of the heart (Rainer Maria
Rilke). Religion is the human attitude towards a sacred order (Peter Berger). Religion is the sigh of the
oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world (Karl Marx). Religion has brought forth criminal and
impious deeds (Latin poet Lucretius). The belief in Spiritual Beings (Edward Tylor). Faith consists in
believing when it is beyond the power of reason to believe (Voltaire). Set of symbolic forms and acts
which relate man to the ultimate conditions of his existence (R.N. Bellah). Religious beliefs correspond
closely with the phantasies of infantile life (Sigmund Freud). In my religion, there would be no exclusive
doctrine; all would be love, poetry, and doubt (Cyril Connolly). Etc.

 Stanford prison experiment

 Milgram shock experiment

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