B MATH 1225 Practice Test 3 (34 pts) NAME: SOLUTIONS CRN:

Multiple Choice
(1 pt each) • No partial credit will be given. • Clearly circle your answer. • No calculator!
1
1. The linearization of a function f at a = 2 is given by L(x) = x.
2
One of the choices below is the graph of f . Choose the correct graph of f .

y y
2 2

1 1
x x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3
−1 −1

−2 −2
(A)
y (C) −3
4
y
3 2
2
1
1 x
x −3 −2 −1 1 2 3
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3
−1
−1

−2 −2
(B) (D)

D
2. Which of the following statements must be false?

(A) There is a function f with f (x) > 0, f 0 (x) < 0, and f 00 (x) > 0 for all x-values.

(B) If the function f is continuous on (0, ∞), then there is an absolute maximum and an absolute minimum on the
interval [1, 5]

(C) If f 0 (x) < 0 for all x-values, then f (5) 6= f (−2).

(D) There is a local minimum of f at x = 5 and f 0 (5) = 2.

1
3. The graph of a function y = f (x) is given below:

y
4
y = f (x)
2

x
−4 −2 2 4

−2

−4

Which of the following graphs represents the graph of the derivative of f , y = f 0 (x)?

y y
5 5
y = f (x) y = f (x)

x x
−4 −2 2 4 −4 −2 2 4

−5 −5

(A) (C)

y 10 y

5
y = f (x) y = f (x)

5
x
−4 −2 2 4

x
−5 −4 −2 2 4

(B) (D)

2
Free Response
• Show reasoning that is complete and correct by the standards of this course.
• Whenever using theorems, you should explicitly check that all hypotheses are satisfied.
• Improper use of (or the absence of ) proper notation will be penalized. • No calculator!
p
4. (11 pts) Define f (x) = 3 cos(x) + 2.

(a) (5 pts) Find the critical number(s) of f on the interval [−π, 2π).
We take the derivative of f using the chain rule,

1 d − sin(x)
f 0 (x) = (cos(x) + 2)−2/3 · (cos(x) + 2) = .
3 dx 3(cos(x) + 2)2/3

To find the critical numbers we must check where f 0 (x) = 0 and f 0 (x) does not exist.
Know f 0 (x) = 0 when − sin(x) = 0 on [−π, 2π), which occurs at x = −π, 0, and π.
Since
cos(x) + 2 ≥ −1 + 2 = 1 > 0

for all real numbers x, f 0 (x) exists for all x ∈ [−π, 2π).
So the critical numbers of f on the domain [−π, 2π) are x = −π, 0, and π.
(b) (4 pts) Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of f on the closed interval − π2 , π2 .
 

Since f is continuous on the closed interval − π2 , π2 , we use The Closed Interval Method. We check the values
 

of f at its critical numbers in − π2 , π2 and at the endpoints − π2 and π2 .

From part (a) the only critical number of f in − π2 , π2 is x = 0. The value of f at the critical number is

√
3
f (0) = 3

The value of f at the endpoints is  π √ π

3
f − = 2=f
2 2
√
Comparing these three numbers, the absolute maximum value is f (0) = 3 3 and the absolute minimum value is

√
f − π2 = 3 2 = f π2 .

(c) (2 pts) Suppose the domain of f is the open interval − π2 , π2 . Does this affect your answer(s) to part (b)?

Explain.
Yes. In part (b), f attains its absolute minimum at the endpoints. We know f is increasing on − π2 , 0 and f is

decreasing on 0, π2 , so f does not achieve an absolute minimum on the open interval. The absolute maximum

remains unchanged.

3
5. (6 pts) The graph of y = f 0 (x), the derivative of a function f , with domain (−∞, ∞) is given below:
y
2
y = f 0 (x)
1

x
−2 −1 1

−1

−2

Use the graph of y = f 0 (x) to answer the following. Assume that the curve outside this view is as indicated by the
arrows. Provide a short justification.

(a) (3 pts) Find the x-coordinate(s) of any local maxima and local minima of f .
+ − + +

f0 -1 0 1
f 0 changes signs from positive to negative at x = −1, so f has a local max at x = −1.
f 0 changes signs from negative to positive at x = 0, so f has a local min at x = 0.
f 0 does not change sign at x = 1, so f has neither a local max nor min at x = 1.
(b) (3 pts) Find the x-coordinate(s) of any inflection points on the curve y = f (x).
An inflection point is a point on the curve y = f (x) where f is continuous and f 00 changes sign.
− + − +

f 00 -0.5 0.5 1
So the x-coordinates of the inflection points are x = − 21 , 12 , 1

6. (6 pts) The position of a particle, s(t), where t is in seconds and s(t) is in meters, is given by the following data:

t 0 3 6 9 12
s(t) 1 5 3 2 3

Assume that the acceleration function, s00 (t) = a(t), is continuous on [0, 12].
Use a theorem from class to show that s0 (t) = v(t) is zero at least once on the t-interval (0, 12). Cite the theorem and
fully justify your answer.
Since s00 exists on [0, 12], s is differentiable on [0, 12] and, therefore, s is continuous on [0, 12].
Method 1: Rolle’s Theorem Method 2: MVT
Checking hypotheses: Checking hypotheses:

• s is a continuous on [6, 12] by above • s is a continuous on [6, 12] by above

• s is differentiable on (6, 12) by above • s is differentiable on (6, 12) by above

• s(6) = 3 = s(12) By MVT, there exists at least one point c in (6, 12),

By Rolle’s Theorem, there exists at least one point c in s(12) − s(6) 3−3
v(c) = s0 (c) = = =0
(6, 12) such that v(c) = s0 (c) = 0. Thus, for at least one 12 − 6 6
point c in (0, 12) such that v(c) = s0 (c) = 0. So v(c) = s0 (c) = 0 for at least one point c in (0, 12).

4
7. (8 pts) Suppose you are given the task of constructing a soup can that holds 400mL of water (1 mL = 1 cm3 ). The
material for the base and lid of the can costs $.01/100cm2 , and the material for the side of the can costs $.02/100cm2 .

(a) (6 pts) Find the dimensions of a can that would minimize the cost to produce it.

Let r represent the radius of the can and h represent the height, where r, h > 0. We wish to minimize the cost
function based on the surface area of the can, SA = 2πrh + 2πr2 , pictured below:
r

We have a volume constraint given by V = πr2 h = 400cm3 . So h = 400/(πr2 ).

Let C(r, h) be the cost function, where

C(r, h) = 2πr2 ($.01/100cm2 ) + 2πrh($.02/100cm2 )

Substituting h = 400/(πr2 ),

C(r) = 2πr2 ($.01/100cm2 ) + 2πr(400/(πr2 )($.02/100cm2 )

= ($.01/100cm2 )[2πr2 + 1600r−1 ]
C 0 (r) = ($.01/100cm2 )[4πr − 1600r−2 ]

To minimize the cost function C, we need to find where C 0 (r) = 0, since endpoints here are not valid solutions
and C 0 (r) is defined for all values of r in its domain of r > 0:

0 = ($.01/100cm2 )[4πr − 1600r−2 ]

0 = 4πr3 − 1600
r
3 1600
r=
4π
We must check that this is in factqa minimum. q
Note that C 0 (a) > 0 for 0 < a < 3 1600 0
4π and C (a) > 0 for
3 1600
4π < a. Thus, the absolute minimum occurs at
q
3 1600
r= 4π .
And we substitute r back into h to find the ideal height:
400
h=
1600 2/3


π· 4π
q
3 1600 400
Thus, the dimensions that minimize cost are r = 4π cm and h = 2/3 cm.
π·( 1600
4π )

(b) (2 pts) Based on your answer for part (a), how many cans could be produced for $100?
 2/3 !
1600 800
100 = n 2π ($.01/100) +
($.02/100)
4π 1600 2/3
4π

So
100
1600 2/3 800


2π 4π ($.01/100) + 2/3 ($.02/100)
( 1600
4π )

cans can be produced for $100.