Grammar

Sentence Analysis
Using a Tree Diagram
Presented by:
Fetrisah@Patricia Sigumani (M20221000988)
Uvarani Ratnam (M20221001403)
Amir Hamdzan Hamzah (M20221001135)

Course:
BIL60404 Grammar in English - Master in Edu. (TESL)
 Table of contents

01 02 03
Introduction Lexicogrammar A Tree Diagram
Two Approaches to Analysis of the words and A graphic way of
Teaching Language grammatical structures representing the rules
About Us
Hi! We are Amir, Pat & Uva from Group C
 01
Introduction
Two Approaches to Teaching
Language
 (1) Two Approaches to Teaching Language

Teachers can teach language using approaches:

● That focus on language use (communication =

immersion experience)

● That focus on language forms or analysis

(lexicogrammar)

Today’s presentation is concerned with the latter.

 (2) Lexicogrammar

1) The Definition (2) The Analysis

Analysis of the words and 1) The Form of Words
grammatical structures 2) The Mearning of Lexical items
3) The Use of Lexical Items

Note: Grammar is always associated with ‘rules’

 (3) A Tree Diagram

A tree diagram is a graphic

way of representing the
rules* used in building a
sentence
* Phrase Structure (PS) Rules
The PS Rules 1) {
S → (sm)’’ S’
SUBJ PRED }
2) S’ → SUBJ PRED
3) SUBJ → NP
4) NP → (det)3 (AP) N (-pl) (PrepP)
{ }
pro
5) AP → (intens)n ADJn (PrepP)
6) PrepP → Prep NP
7) PRED → AUX VP (Advl)
8) Advl → Advl CL
{
Advl P
PrepP
}
9) Advl CL → adv sub S
10) Advl P → (intens)n ADV
More PS Rules 1) {M }
AUX → T (pm) (perf) (prog)

-imper
2)
{-pres}
T → -past

3) perf → have…-en
4) prog → be…-ing
5) VP →
cop { }
NP
AP
PrepP
V (NP)2 (PrepP)
 What is a subject?

A subject is a part of a sentence

that contains the person or thing
performing the action (or verb) in
a sentence
What is a predicate?

A predicate is part of a clause

that includes the verb and the
words that tell what the
subject does
 Let's
practise!
Our Tree
Diagrams
 SENTENCE 1
The information was given to him before the trial.

Subject Predicate

The information was given to him before the trial

 S

NP VP
det N VP PP
Aux Main PP Prep. NP

Prep N det N

The information was given to him before the trial

 SENTENCE 2
The girls have been helping their father with the
challenging new tasks since last July.

Subject Predicate

have been helping their father

The girls with the challenging new tasks
since last July
 S
NP VP
det N VP Advl

VP PP PP
VP NP Prep NP

Aux Aux Main PosAdj Noun Prep det Adj. Adj. Noun Adj. Noun

The girls have been helping their father with the challenging new tasks since last July
 Thanks!
Do you have any
questions?
Please keep this slide for attribution

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