TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERISTY

ARBT 4
OF THE PHILIPPINES

Specifications Writing and

Quantity Surveying

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

CONSTRUCTION COST
ESTIMATES
ESTIMATES - a logical and sensible assumption of the
quantities, qualities, values, or degrees of a set of
subjects.

COST ESTIMATION MODELS - are mathematical

algorithms used to estimate the costs of a product or a
project.

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

TYPES OF ESTIMATION
COST ESTIMATES - is concerned with knowing the
probable total cost of a project.

QUANTITY SURVEY- is a preliminary estimation

technique that aims to establish the quantity of each
material for a project, not yet considering their cost.

PRODUCTIVITY SURVEY- is concerned with the

determination of probable cost of labor by logical
assumptions of the productivity of the workers.
AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp
TYPES OF ESTIMATION
BILL OF MATERIALS- is a list of materials needed for a
project. It usually presents the probable cost for each
item.
VALUE ENGINEERING - is a review of the plan and
design of a project so as to coordinate with the sizes
and specifications of construction materials.

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

TYPES OF ESTIMATION
DETAILED ESTIMATE- is an estimate that breaks the
subject down into as many items or components as
possible. Each component is often described with
specifications.
ROUGH ESTIMATE- is an estimate that is computed in
general and vague. It is often an assumption by area,
volume, or bulk.

LUMP SUM- is an assumption of the totality of an item

without consideration of its specific components.
AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp
REQUIREMENTS IN ESTIMATING
a. Complete set of the working drawings (plans) of the project
b. Specifications relating to the project
c. Architect's scale
d. Calculator
e. Pencils, erasers, papers, ball pens, etc
f. Data about building materials (preferably including current
prices)
g. Estimating worksheets
h. Contract, if necessary

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

BASIC STEPS IN DETAILED ESTIMATION
1. Classify the general parts of the project into categories
2. Break down each category into as many parts, works, or
materials as possible.
3. Write down the specifications for each material or component.
4. Use the round-up method for inexact figures
5. Provide allowances for breakage, wastage, or slack.
6. Compute the materials, labor, and equipment separately. Avoid
computing by the percentage of each other. Remember that
cost of labor varies significantly from the type of work to be
done.
7. Consider the rental of equipment.

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

BASIC STEPS IN DETAILED ESTIMATION
8. Consider all other non-salient components and do not simply
rely on the item - "over-head cost"
9. Unless otherwise instructed, do not forget to include
contingency costs, profit, VAT, and professional and other fees.

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

CONCRETE

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

CONCRETE
- a stone-like material formed by mixing cement and
aggregate with water.

CEMENT- is a binder, a substance which sets and

hardens independently, and can bind other materials
together.

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

MAIN COMPONENTS OF CEMENT

LIME
SILICA
ALUMINA
IRON OXIDE
MAGNESIA
SULFUR TRIOXIDE

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

TYPES OF CEMENTS

TYPE I - The Ordinary Portland Cement is the most

widely used portland cement for building and is
also the least costly. Full strength after 28 days.
TYPE II - a Moderate Heat Portland Cement used
for large concrete pours where less heat is desired
during the concrete set
TYPE III - Rapid Hardening Portland Cement is a
high early strength portland cement that gives
more strength before 28 days than Type I

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

TYPES OF CEMENTS

TYPE IV - Low Heat Portland Cement like Type II

releases less heat during the concrete set.
TYPE V - The Blast Furnace or Sulfate Cement is a
sulfate resisting portland cement.
TYPE P - Pozzolan Cement is used in general
construction where high initial strength of the
concrete before 28 days is not required.
TYPE 1P - early strength cement and is required for
more critical works.

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

AGGREGATES

1. COARSE AGGREGATES - such as crushed stone,

crushed gravel, or natural gravel with particles
retained on a 5mm sieve. Bigger than 1/4"
diameter stones.
2. FINE AGGREGATES - such as crushed stone,
crushed gravel, sand, or natural sand with particles
passing on a 5mm sieve. Smaller than 1/4" diameter
stones.

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

PRINCIPLES IN CONCRETE MIXING

1. WORKABILITY
2. STRENGTH
3. DURABILITY
4. ECONOMY

WATER- CEMENT- RATIO

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

CONTROL OF CONCRETE MIXES

SLUMP TEST - when freshly mixed concrete is checked

to ensure that the specified slump is being attained
consistently.

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST - common quality

control test for concrete, based on 7 and 28 days
curing period.

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

CONCRETE PROPORTIONING

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

CONCRETE PROPORTIONING

CLASS "AA" - 1: 1 1/2: 3 - concrete under water, retaining walls

CLASS A - 1: 2: 4 - footings, columns, beams, RC slabs

CLASS B - 1: 2 1/2: 5 - slab on fill, nonbearing walls
CLASS C - 1: 3: 6 - concrete plant boxes, etc

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

COMPUTATION

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

METHOD 1 BY TAGAYUN

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

METHOD 1 BY TAGAYUN

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

METHOD 1 BY TAGAYUN

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

METHOD 1 BY FAJARDO

MIXTURE CEMENT (in bags) CEMENT (in bags) SAND (in cu.m.) GRAVEL (in cu.m.)

40 KG 50 KG

CLASS AA 12.00 9.00 0.50 1.00

CLASS A 9.00 7.00 0.50 1.00

CLASS B 7.50 6.00 0.50 1.00

CLASS C 6.00 5.00 0.50 1.00

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

SAMPLE COMPUTATION FOR
CONCRETE

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp

Thank you.

AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp