Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No.

4, 2020

Power Quality Enhancement using Soft

Computing based IPFC Controller
Dr. G.Radhakrishnan 1, Dr.S.Rajasekaran 2
1AssistantProfessor, EEE Department, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, India
2Associate Professor, EEE Department, Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology, India
1 mailtork85@gmail.com
2 drsekar.ee@gmail.com

Abstract— In recent trends power system enhanced with optimization to deliver reliable power to consumer. In this paper,
it is discussed about a power flow controller designed for multi-machine of infinite bus system in a power system. The
proposed controller is designed to formulate the system as an optimization problem. The proposed power flow controller
working with the concept of Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC), the controlling techniques are optimized using soft
computing techniques. The concept of genetic algorithm is employed as the optimization technique to control the electrical
parameters. Power flow controller for a multi-machine system is designed using Simulink along with genetic algorithm. The
designed system is simulated and measures the real, reactive power and voltages of multi machine system. The results acquired
are verified with conventional method to tune controller proposed to identify its efficiency , convergence and reliability for
the designed system. This paper elaborates the optimization technique of IPFC controller along with GA to enhance the power
transfer within multi-machine power system .

Index Terms— Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Static Var Compensator (SVC), GA (Genetic Algorithm), IPFC
(Interline Power Flow Controller)
I. Introduction
In recent trends , transfer of power between the generating station to different set of consumers is made flexible and
controllable at any point of time. After the Power Electronics era, power system controlling schemes are made flexible and
accurate control. FACTS devices plays a major role in controlling the power system by controlling the electrical parameters,
these devices refer to enable flexible electrical power system operation in the way of controlled real and reactive power
flow in transmission paths, by controlling the flexibility and perform a rapid control over the AC transmission parameters
[11]. FACTS Controllers can be classified based on the usage of power electronic switches as variable impedance type
controllers and voltage source converter based controllers. Thyristor switches are connected in series or in shunt along with
reactors or capacitors to form thyristor based variable impedance type FACTS Controllers, Such type of controllers are
employed for controlling the reactive power. Some of the FACTS devices are Static Var Compensator (SVC), Thyristor-
Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) is a three-phase converter bridge [14], Where a
VSC is interfaced with a transmission system, this converter can vary the magnitude and the phase-angle of its output
voltage respect to the system voltage and thus exchange active and reactive power to the transmission system. Static
Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), Unified Power Flow Controller
(UPFC) and Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) are the well-known VSC based FACTS Controllers [12].
Soft computing schemes such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) have
been applied to employ various power system problems [13]. Genetic Algorithms are said to be global search techniques
can able to solve an optimization problem for accurate solution by minimizing the mechanism of natural selection and
genetics. GA based IPFC controller is designed to inspect the optimal performance of the simulated controller. The power
flow controller proposed an efficient technique applied in two machine system with optimal power flow method. The
proposed system data’s are manipulated using genetic algorithm, the manipulated output data’s considered as input
parameters, these results of the GA are applied to IPFC controller [8]. The proposed system developed an algorithm to
instantaneously find the active power flow in lines.
.
The steady-state operation of IPFC requires the total amount of real power transferred by all the converters will be zero.
The shunt converter can be supplied with IPFC constituted with SSSCs connected to each other through a common DC
capacitor. At this moment, the active power required to vary the angular position of the voltages connected in series will
be completed from one of the AC systems connected [2].
In an IPFC configuration the voltage injected in series on each line will be controlled both of its magnitude
(0≤Vpq_n≤Vpq_n max) and phase angle (0≤θpq_n≤360°), thus the converter can be decomposed into a quadrature and an
in-phase voltage component.

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Fig.1. IPFC basic configuration

The voltage injected in quadrature, with respect to the line current has a major effect on active power flow. In-phase
voltage injection has a predominant effect on the line’s reactive power flow and it is associated with the real power exchange
between the converters. The subscript n, in these voltage and angle ranges indicates the value of the series converters present
in the whole system.

IPFC MODEL AND ANALYSIS

The proposed system examine the unit to consider an IPFC connected to two balanced independent AC systems (Fig.
2).Two bus voltage V11 and V21 are merged to have more than two compensated lines, the system replicate the case of a
multi-line substation, power is dispatched to different receiving-ends. For the analysis of proposed system the sending and
receiving end sources in both the systems are viewed as AC sources (infinite buses) [5]. The designed system parameters
supplies the series real power in its series reactive compensation to control the power flow.

Fig.2. Elementary analysis

Fig.3. Vector diagram

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Fig.4. Control area

if the value of V2pq =V1pq, in order to maintain the DC link voltage, phasor relationship of voltage injected must be
satisfied, the model proposed operates with the d-q coordinates said as suitable for the stability analysis [15].The steady-
state power equality between the shunt and series inverters is applied to the model. Thus, it can be established as

Psh=V22 Ishd + V22 Ishq (1)

Pse1=Vp1 I14d + Vq1 Ishq (2)

Pse2=Vp21 I24d + Vq2 Ishq (3)

The reactive power injected (absorbed) by the shunt converter can be expressed as,

Qsh = V22d Ishq – V22q Ishd (4)

From the circuit considered (Fig.2.), the following relation can also be established as,

Ish = √(Ishd2 +Ishq2 ) (5)

The power flow in the receiving-end of systems 1 and 2, it can be calculated with or without series and shunt
compensation.

S1 = (P1 + jQ1) = V14 I14 (6)

S2 = (P2+ jQ2) = V24 I24 (7)

As in this case, the shunt VSI will no longer be present in the secondary system some of the variables in the above
equations will have to be zeroed

I. GA BASED IPFC CONTROLLERS

Genetic Algorithm (GA) employed with IPFC controllers operated based on the mechanism of genetics and natural
selection, it works without any earlier familiarity of the objective function they can search several possible solutions
simultaneously [16]. Genetic Algorithm is suited for complex problems, it can produces a high quality solution. GA initiates
with the random generation of the population, it continues with the process of selection, crossover and mutation. The
operations are repeated till the best population is initiated. GA’s are feasible, realistic and easy to implement in power
system. the configuration of IPFC is encoded by three parameters: active power outputs of generator, location and rating
of FACTS devices. The value of each string corresponds to the real power outputs of generator, second value represents
the location of third value represents the rated value of each IPFC.
The value of every string represents the optimal location of IPFC in the transmission line which is selected among
the existing number of transmission lines. After the convergence, voltage magnitude and phase angles of the bus voltages
are known. With these the active power loss is calculated (15).

n n
PL = / / (PiaijPj + QiaijQj - PibijQj - Pj bijQi) (8)
i=1 j =1
Where

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aij = rij cos(di - dj)/ Vi Vj (9)

bij = rij sin(di - dj)/ Vi Vj (10)

II. SIMULATION OF MULTILINE POWER SYSTEM WITH IPFC

To overcome the power quality problem in a power system, a new approach to control the power transfer using GA
based IPFC system. A probabilistic technique developed with a Simulink model as shown in figure. In this paper, the power
flow between the multi-line substation system [12]. The simulation model proposed shows an independent control of multi-
machine system operating at different voltages. From the output waveforms it is proved that the system with an IPFC
controller regulates the transmission of power between the multiple lines are enhanced with the power quality problems.
In this paper multi-machine system is analyzed for the optimal enhancement of power distribution without loss by
transferring the power between the lines, the optimal parameters of a specific transmission line are shown in figure 5.

Fig.5. Simulink model of two machine system

Fig.6. Controller circuit

The consequence of positioning the IPFC controller in power system to study its effect of power flow from the simple
model implemented in tested power system [7]. To illustrate the output of the presented control system by keeping the DC link
voltage as constant, the exchanged active powers with two lines by the inverters were depicted as shown in figure
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5. The exchanged active powers quickly get in equal amplitude with different sign, as it is mandatory for leading the DC link
voltage. It shows the output voltage and current of inverters 1 and 2 in the simulation. By viewing the figures 5 and 6, the
reference voltage (Vref) for individual inverters of the IPFC is constructed by q and d components are properly determined by
the control circuits. The q and d amplitude components for both the inverters are shown. Simulation results shown after the
operation of IPFC at t = 0.1 s, the system will be in transient state for the 1st phase, The designed IPFC system is analyzed for
the system using GA parameters based controllers. The d and q coordinates of Vsh and its phase angle (θsh) are obtained from
the shunt current controller. The series converters (VSI-1, VSI-2), can be controlled the power flow or the voltage injected in
series. The control system used comprises ΔP and ΔQ, the errors are employed with GA based IPFC controller to figure out the
voltage components of Vd and Vq. Series voltage along with the angle are used for the series converter switching logic.

Fig.7. Simulink model of IPFC Controller

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The system simulated is focused on stable operation for the system modeling with IPFC, By injecting IPFC based power
flow model. The proposed IPFC model is designed with the representation of power flow controller with two voltage sources,
connected in series with certain reluctance. The simulated IPFC based GA system for the power flow equation is modified to
incorporate the power injection in transmission line using IPFC model.

Fig.8. Real Power flow without IPFC

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Fig. 9. Real and Reactive power flow before Compensation

The structured IPFC system designed with a number of inverters that are linked together in their DC terminals. Series
inverter can deliver a series reactive power compensation, working as SSSC for individual line. The designed power flow
controller of an IPFC system is verified with different set of results. The results express the ability of IPFC system utilized in a
multimachine system. In another way, IPFC system sustains the frequency close to the irrelevant value. The system designed
made the system retort with rapid response than conventional system. As shown in figure. 11 the active power of a multiline
substation is stabilized with a value of 0.8 ms, because of GA based power flow controller, the response occur within 0.5 ms in
order to stabilize the proposed system as shown in figure. 12. It depicts the multiple control capability of IPFC, plays significant
role in determining the optimal power systems, the proposed IPFC system along genetic algorithm an optimal convergence
characteristics.

Fig.10. Real and Reactive power flow after Compensation

Fig.11. Real power flow without GA

Fig.12. Real power flow with GA

IV. CONCLUSION

The proposed system is tested with GA based IPFC system, the data’s manipulated with GA systems are incorporated with
a typical Multiple power system installed along with an IPFC in a grid. The output waveforms generated from the simulated
systems are compared with conventional scheme. The control parameters are tuned for compensation technique to enhance the anticipated
design approach. In this proposed system diversified parameter variations designed are verified. The optimal power flow of the elements
are considered in terms of the type of equipment that are used to locate the optimal location of power flow controller to transfer
the power in between lines. The use of GA based IPFC represented for the rapid convergence to reduce the congestion management

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for compensating the technique that are compared with similar methods, power transfer between the multiple lines are verified
with the response from the GA based IPFC system.

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