Api MPMS - 5.1

Manual of Petroleum
--``,`,`,`,`,`,```,,`,``,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Measurement Standards
Chapter 5-Metering
Section I-General Considerations for

Measurement by Meters
THIRD EDITION, SEPTEMBER 1995

Reaffirmed 3/2002
1
American Peaioleum InstitUte

1220 L Street, Northwest
Washington, D.C. 20005
11) A
Copyright American Petroleum Institute Document provided by IHS Licensee=BP Amoco/5928366101, 07/19/2004 03:39:27 MDT
Reproduced by IHS under license with API Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group
at 303-397-2295.
Manual of Petroleum
--``,`,`,`,`,`,```,,`,``,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Measurement Standards
Chapter 5-Metering
Section 1-General Considerations for

Measurement by Meters
Measurement Coordination
THIRD EDITION, SEPTEMBER 1995
American
Petioleurn
Insüîute
at 303-397-2295.
SPECIAL NOTES
1. API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAI,

NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE,
AND FEDERALLAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED.
2. API IS NOT UNDEBTAKING To MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS,MANU-
FACTURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN OR PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP
THEIR EMPLOYEES AND OTHERS EXPOSED CONCERNING HEALTH AND
SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR U N D E R T m G THEIR OBLIGAIIONS
UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS.
3. INFORMATION CONCERNING SAFETY AND HEALTH RISKS AND PROPER
PRECAUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR MATERIALS AND CONDI-
TIONS SHOULD BE OBTAINEDFROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER
OR SUPPLIER OF THAT MATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET.
4. NOTHING C 0 " E D IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS To BE CONSTRUEDAS
GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD,APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT
COVERED BY LETTERS PATE". "ER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED
IN THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST
LIABILITYFOR INFRINGEMENT OF LE'ITERS PAl'ENT.
5. GENERALLY, API STANDARDS ARE REVIEWED AND REVISED, REAF-
FRMEJ3, OR WIT" AT LEAST EVERY FIVEYEARS.SOMETMES A ONE-
TIME EXTENSION OF UP To TWO YEARS WILL BE ADDED To THIS REVIEW
CYCLE. THIS PUBLICATION WILL NO LONGER BE IN EFFECT FIVE YEARS
A F E R ITS PUBLICAIION DATE AS AN OPERAIIVE API S T N A R D OR, WHERE
AN EXTENSION HAS BEEN GRANTED,UPON REPUBLICAIION. S T m S OF THE
-PUBLICATION CAN BE ASCERTAINED FROM THE API AUTHORING DEPART-
MENT [TELEPHONE (202) 682-8000]. A CATALOG OF API PUBLICATIONS AND
MATERIALS IS PUBLISHED ANNUALLY AND UPDATED QUARTERLY BY API,
1220L STREET, N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 2005.
CopyrightO 1995 American Petroleum instimte.

--``,`,`,`,`,`,```,,`,``,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
FOREWORD
This five-part publication consolidates and presents standard calculations for meterllig
petroleum iiquids using tiirbme or displacementmeters. Units of measure in this publication
are in IntematicmaiSystem (SI)and United States Customary (VSC) units consistent with
North American industry practices.
This standard has been developed through the cooperative efforts of many individuals
from industry under the sponsorship of the American Petroleum Institute and the Gas
ProcessorsAssociation.
API Chapter 5 of the Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards contains the
following sections:
Section 1, ‘‘General Considerationsfor Measurement by Meters”
Section 2, “Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Displacement Meters”
Section 3, “Measurementof Liquid Hydrocaraons by Turbine Meters”
Section 4, “Accessgr Equipment for Liquid Meters”
Section 5, “Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-Data Transmission
System”
API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made
by the Institute to assm accuracy and reiiabiity of the data conîained hereh, however, the
Institutemakes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication
and hereby disclaimsany liability orresponsibilityfor loss or damage resulting from its use ’
or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication
may conflict.
Suggested revisions to this publication are invited and should be submitted to Measure-
ment coordination,kploration and Productionm e n t , Am&can Petroleum Institute,
1220 L Street,N.W.,Washington,D.C. 20005.
--``,`,`,`,`,`,```,,`,``,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Copyright American Petroleum Institute

iii Document provided by IHS Licensee=BP Amoco/5928366101, 07/19/2004 03:39:27 MDT
at 303-397-2295.
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 - G E N E U CONSIDEICQTIONSFOR
MEASUREMENT BY METERS
5.1.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 1
--``,`,`,`,`,`,```,,`,``,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5.1.2 scope..................................................................................................................... 1
5.1.3 Field of Application.............................................................................................. 1
5.1.4 Referenced Publications ....................................................................................... 1
5.1.5 Guidelines for Selecting the Type of Meter.......................................................... 1
5.1.5.1 Displacement Meters ...................................................................................... 2
5.1.5.2 Turbine Meters ............................................................................................... 2
Figure
l-Selection Guide for Displacement and Turbine Meters.......................................... 2
V
at 303-397-2295.
Chapter +Metering
SECTION 1-GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MEASUREMENT BY METERS

--``,`,`,`,`,`,```,,`,``,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5.1 .i Introduction 5.1.3 Field of Application

API Chapter 5 of the Manual of Petroleum Measurement The field of application of API MPMS Chapter 5 is the
Standards (”MS) is concerned with the measurement of volume measurement of liquid crude oils and reñued prod-
liquid hydrocarbon custody transfers by means of a meter and ucts, which are normally in the liquid phase at atmospheric
accesswy equipment The chapter deals with the two principal pressure and ambient temperature or at the temperatureand
types of meters currently in use: displacement meters and pressure conditions that prevail inside a meter while it is
turbine meters. If other types of meters gain wide acœptauce measuring. API MPMS Chapter 5 is also conœmed witb the
for themeasurement of liquid hydrocarbon custody üansfers, metering of hydrocarbons that can, by heating, cooling,
they wili be included m subsequent sections of this chapter. andor compressing,be made and kept liquid by maintaining
API MPMS Chapter 5 covers the generai mstaiiation and the proper temperature and pressure. The chapîer does not
operation of meters and accessory equipment, without apply to the metering of two-phase fluids.
respect to the arrangementsnecessary to meet specialprob The application of API MPMS Chapter 5 to mass
lems. The guidelines are common to all metering systems, measurementof high vapor-pressurefluids must be carefully
but appropriate precautions should be taken when they are reviewed and should be considered along with other aspects
used for specialized metering systems, as discussed in API that are cnticalto successful performance.
MPMS Chapter 6, “Metering Assemblies,” and for mass
measurement, as discussed in API MPMS Chapter 14.8, 5.1.4 Referenced Publications
“Liquefied Pemleum Gas Measurement” As stated in the foreword, this edition of API MPMS
Some of the advantages of metering are as follows: Chapter 5 contains five main sections; othexs may be added
if the need arises. The current editionsof the following stan-
a. Metering can increase the availability of tanks, since no
tank needs to be isolated for the sole purpose of m e a s m e n t
dards are cited in this Chapter:
b. Metering lends itself to the calculation, indication, and API
display of instantanmus flow rate and volume. Manual of Petrokm Measurement Sta&ràs
c. Measured volumes can be printed either at the meter or at Chapter 1, “Vocabulary‘‘
a distance nomthe meter, and the meter’s coded identity can chapter 4, ‘‘proving Systems”
be part of the printout on a measufement ticket. Chapter 6,“Meteriug Assemblies”
d. Metering is labor saving. Chapter7,Tempelmlre- tion”
e. Metering can deliver a measured volume taken from Chapter 8, “Sampling”
severai sources at the same time into a single miver, or it Chapter 9, “Density Determination”
can deliver a measured volume taken fiom a smgle source Chapter 11, “Physical PropertiesData”
mto several receivers. Chapter 12, “calculation of Petroleum Quantities”
f. Metering accuracy can be readily checked by the use of Chapter 13, “Application of Statistical Methods”
standard references. Chapter 14, “NaturalGas Fluids Measurement”
g. Metering allows dynamic averaging of tempemtures and Chapter 20.1, “Ailocation Measurement”
samples to be applied to volumes. , The index of the MPMS lists other chapters that may
contain useful information. All references should be to the
5.1.2 Scope latest published edition.
API MPMS Chapter 5 is intended to be a guide for the
proper speciftcation, installation, and operation of meter 5.1.5 Guidelines for Selecting the Type
stations designed to dynamidy measure liquid hydrocar- of Meter
bons so tbat acceptable accuracy, service Me, safety, relia- High-performance displacement or turbine meters are
bility, and quality control can be achieved. API MPMS normally used to meter custody transfers of petroleum
Chapter 5 also includes infoxmation that wili assist in Wu- liquids. In many situations, one type of meter is prefencd,
bleshooting and improving the performance of meters. but in some cases,either type is satisfactory.
1
at 303-397-2295.
2 CHAPTER&METERING
Aithough faaorssuch as pressiae, e tm-, flow range, 5.1 S.1 DISPLACEMENT METERS
and fluid contamination may influence the type of meter Displacement meters have the following strengths:
selecteù, viscosity and flow rate should be consideredfirst
The viscosity of the metered liquid affects whether a
a Accuracy.
b. Capability to measure viscous iiquids.
displacement meter or a turbine meter wiil be better for the
c. Capability to functionwithout external power.
overalï performance of a particular custody-transferapplica-
d. Capability to register near-zeroflow rate.
tion.Figure 1presents guidelines for meter selection in t e m e. Concepmal simplicity of design and operation.
of viscosity and flow rate. This figure illustrates that
displacement meters perform better with high-viscosity Displacement meters have the following weaknesses:
liquids and that turbine meters perform better with low- a Susceptibility to damage by flow surges and gas slugging.
viscosity liquids. Turbiue m e m perfom best in fully devel- b. Susceptibiiity to corrosion and erosion.
oped turõulent flow (that is, when the Reynolds number is c. Severereduction in flow if meter is jammed.
above 10,ûûû). Thus, turbine meters can be used on high- d. Increased maintenance requirements.
viscosity liquids at higher flow rates. Turbine meters may
experience performance variations when used with liquids 5.1S.2 TURBINE METERS
that have changing viscosities. Turbine meters have the following strengths:
Turóine meters are namally used to meter low-viscosity
a Accuracy.
refined products, such as propane, gasoline, kerosene, or
b. Wide flow range.
diesel oil. In ternis of continuousduty operation, they have
c. Small size and weight.
a longer service life than disphcementmeters, and they are
d. Long-bearing life.
as accurate or more accurate in measuring these types of e. Wide temperature and pressure range.
products.
Turbine meters should not be used on liquids that contain Turbine meters have the following weaknesses:
substancesthat may collecton the surfaces of the meter and a Necessity for flow conditioning.
affect its cross-sectional flow area and possibly some of its b. Possible needfor back pressure control to prevent îlashing
other performance factors. Roving frequency and opera- andor cavitation and error.
tional and maintenance procedm must also be consideam3 c. Difnculty in metering high-viscosity liquids.
when applications of this kiud are evaluated. d. Necessity for electronics in most mew.
After a meter has been selected, proper system design, e. Susceptibiiityto fouling or deposits.
operation,and maintenance must be provided to obtain accu- f. Sensitivity to viscosity changes at high viscosities.
ratemeasurements. g. Susceptibility to damage by gas slugging.
viscosity,CI
(œnüpoise)
400
100
30
10
3
0.3
o. 1
1
d.
3 10 30 100 300 1000 3000 10,Ooo 30,Ooo 100,000
flow rate, Q (gallons per minute)
Figure 1Celection Guide for Displacement and Turbine Meters
--``,`,`,`,`,`,```,,`,``,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
--``,`,`,`,`,`,```,,`,``,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1-01i02-9l95-4C (3E)
at 303-397-2295.
--``,`,`,`,`,`,```,,`,``,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
American Peaoleurn Institute

1220 L street, Northwest
Order No. HO5013

at 303-397-2295.

Api MPMS - 5.1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Api MPMS - 5.1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Manual of Petroleum

Section I-General Considerations for

THIRD EDITION, SEPTEMBER 1995

American Peaioleum InstitUte

Section 1-General Considerations for

1. API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAI,

CopyrightO 1995 American Petroleum instimte.

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

SECTION 1-GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MEASUREMENT BY METERS

5.1 .i Introduction 5.1.3 Field of Application

American Peaoleurn Institute

Order No. HO5013

You might also like