Clients with Cancer

Clients with Cancer: Health Promotion and Maintenance

* Cancer prevention and control
* Prevention, screening, and early detection
- Primary prevention
- Secondary prevention

Cancer Prevention
* Education
- Host susceptibility and prevention benefits
* Regulation
- Prohibiting sale of tobacco and alcohol to minors
* Host modification
- Lifestyle changes/carcinogen exposure and chemoprevention

Early Detection of Cancer: Risk Factors and Screening

* Breast cancer and prostate cancer
* Lung cancer
* Colorectal cancer
* Cervical cancer
* Head and neck cancer
* Skin cancer

Health Restoration
* Maintaining wellness during treatment
- Optimize quality of life
* Rehabilitation
- Reconstructive surgery
- Lymphedema management
- Other

Cancer Diagnosis
* Client history
* Clinical manifestations
* Diagnostic evaluation
- Laboratory blood tests
- X-rays and other Imaging
* Diagnostic evaluation
- Grading and staging

Cancer Treatment
* Treatment goals
- Cure, control, palliation, and rehabilitation
* Determining treatment modalities
* Treatment modalities
- Surgery and radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy and biotherapy
- Bone marrow transplant

Cancer Care: Surgical Management

* Types of surgery
- Diagnostic
- Treatment
- Recurrence and metastasis
- Palliative, reconstructive, preventive
* Nursing management

Cancer Care: Radiation Therapy

* How radiation therapy works
- Radiosensitivity
- High-energy ionizing radiation
* Types
- External beam (teletherapy)
- Internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy)
* Sealed source and unsealed source
* Afterloading device
* Safety standards
- Time
- Distance
- Shielding
* Treatment considerations
* Nursing management

Cancer Care: Chemotherapy

* How chemotherapy works
* Treatment types
- Chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- Evaluation of treatment response
* Classification of chemotherapeutic agents
* Nursing management

Chemotherapy: Nursing Management

* Administration
- Verification of agent, dose, schedule
- Safe preparation, handling, and disposal
* Routes of administration
- Intravenous, regional, oral, etc.
* Adverse reactions
- Hypersensitivity reaction and extravasation
* Safe preparation, handling, and disposal

Cancer Care: Biotherapy

* Hematopoietic growth factors
* Biologic response modifiers
* Interferons and interleukins
* Monoclonal antibodies
* Vaccines
* Anti-angiogenesis agents
* Emerging targeted therapies

Cancer Care: Other Treatment

Modalities
* Bone marrow transplantation
* Clinical trials
- Phase 1 thru phase 4
* Complementary and alternative approaches
* Home management of side effects
* Financial concerns
Cancer and Treatment Side Effects: Nursing Management
* Myelosuppression
- Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia
* Gastrointestinal effects
- Nausea and vomiting
- Anorexia
- Stomatitis
- Diarrhea and constipation
* Integumentary effects
- Alopecia
- Skin reactions
* Reproductive system effects
- Sterility
- Loss of libido
- Impotence

Oncologic Emergencies: Nursing Management

* Infection
* Pain
* Hypercalcemia
* Tumor lysis syndrome
* Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
* Disseminated intravascular coagulation
* Spinal cord compression
* Superior vena cava syndrome
* Cardiac tamponade

Cancer Care: Psychosocial Aspects

* Support for client and family
* Promoting positive self-concept
* Promoting coping
- Diagnosis and treatment
- Survivorship
- Recurrent disease and progression
- Terminal illness