Psychometrics Lecture 8a Intelligence Binet Spearman

EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION TO MAKE BETTER DECISIONS
CONTRIBUTING QUALITY INFORMATION TO HELP PEOPLE MAKE BETTER DECISIONS
Part
Part II:
II: Intelligence
Intelligence
Monday & Wednesday Lectures Friday Lab

CVR Calculations and
Week 6 Using Descriptive Statistics to Evaluate the Quality of Info
Method Section
Week 7 Using Inferential Statistics to Make Better Decisions Stats Introduction
Week 8 Defining and Evaluating Intelligence: Binet and Spearman Time for Questions
Week 9 Defining and Evaluating Intelligence: Wechsler Results Section
Week 10 Defining and Evaluating Achievement Tests Discussion Section

LAST TIME / TODAY DEFINING INTELLIGENCE BINET SPEARMAN
Last Time
What is meant by inferential statistics?
Today’s Focus:
Defining and Evaluating Intelligence: Binet and Spearman
Defining Intelligence
1. What were the three independent research traditions identified by Taylor to study human intelligence?
Binet
2. Through what 3 facilities did Binet believe intelligence expressed itself?
3. What two major concepts guided Binet?
4. Know age differentiation, mental age, general mental ability.
5. Binet searched for tasks that could be completed by what percentage of children in a particular age group?
Spearman
6. How did Spearman define intelligence?
7. What concept did Spearman introduce? What does this concept mean?
8. What statistical method did Spearman develop to support his notion of g? How does it work?
9. What is positive manifold?
10. According to gf-gc theory, what are the two basic types of intelligence? How do they differ?
Imagine you are given the job to create a national gifted program and a national
learning disability program. How would you do it?
Write/Pair/Share
Step 1: How would you define intelligence? What is your theory? How would you
operationally define intelligence?
Step 2: What specific questions would you ask to measure intelligence?

Large number of definitions of intelligence in psychology
Textbook definition: “general potential, independent of previous learning”
How independent of previous learning?

• Should we assume that they can read?
• Has gone to school?
• How easy is it to independently measure achievement, intelligence, and
aptitude?
3 Independent Research Traditions

Psychometric Approach
• Oldest approach and focus of chapter
• Examines the elemental structure of a test
• Examines test properties through evaluating its correlates and
underlying dimensions
Information-Processing Approach
• Examines the processes that underlie how we learn and solve problems
Cognitive Approach
• Focuses on how humans adapt to real-world demands
Discuss
Compare/contrast 3 approaches
It all began one day in 1904 when…

the French minister of public instruction appoints a commission to recommend a
procedure for how to identify a ‘subnormal child’
Binet appointed.
Defined intelligence as the capacity to:

• Find and maintain a definite direction or purpose
• Make necessary adaptations to achieve that purpose
• Engage in self-criticism so necessary adjustments in strategy can be made
• (definition not used in psychology today)

Binet's operational definitions:
Believed intelligence expressed itself through these facilities:

• Judgment
• Attention
• Reasoning
Guided by 2 principles that underlie modern intelligence theories

• Age Differentiation
• General Mental Ability
• (what Binet is still most famous for)

Principle 1: Age Differentiation

• Differentiating older from younger children by the former’s greater capacities
• Goal was to find tasks in which the age group completion would be 66.67 to 75%
among older kids (an increase in age results in an increasing proportion of success)
• Mental age: Equivalent age capabilities of a child regardless of his/her
chronological age. Obtained through age differentiation
Principle 2: General Mental Ability

• General mental ability: a term for what we now call IQ or intelligence
• ”Sum of the parts”
• Problematic because don’t know the parts
• This restricted his search and judged the value of particular tasks in terms of its
correlations with the total score
• Eliminate tasks with low correlations
• Retain tasks with high correlations
Write/Pair/Share
What are the two key principles Binet built his theory on?
Why are they important?
Is this intelligent… or is this intelligent?
Hugging Cats
Spearman
• Intelligence consists of one general factor (g) plus a large number of specific factors
• Spearman’s psychometric g was based on on idea of positive-manifold- all tests
no matter how diverse, measure g (general intelligence)
To support the notion of g he developed factor analysis

• Reducing a set of variables to a smaller number of factors
• As a rule, approximately half of the variance in a set of diverse mental
ability tests is represented in the g factor.
Defining Intelligence
1. What were the three independent research traditions identified by Taylor to study human intelligence?
Binet
2. Through what 3 facilities did Binet believe intelligence expressed itself?
3. What two major concepts guided Binet?
4. Know age differentiation, mental age, general mental ability.
5. Binet searched for tasks that could be completed by what percentage of children in a particular age group?
Spearman
6. How did Spearman define intelligence?
7. What concept did Spearman introduce? What does this concept mean?
8. What statistical method did Spearman develop to support his notion of g? How does it work?
9. What is positive manifold?

Psychometrics Lecture 8a Intelligence Binet Spearman

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Psychometrics Lecture 8a Intelligence Binet Spearman

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION TO MAKE BETTER DECISIONS

CONTRIBUTING QUALITY INFORMATION TO HELP PEOPLE MAKE BETTER DECISIONS

Monday & Wednesday Lectures Friday Lab

Week 7 Using Inferential Statistics to Make Better Decisions Stats Introduction

Week 9 Defining and Evaluating Intelligence: Wechsler Results Section

Week 10 Defining and Evaluating Achievement Tests Discussion Section

Step 2: What specific questions would you ask to measure intelligence?

Large number of definitions of intelligence in psychology

Textbook definition: “general potential, independent of previous learning”

How independent of previous learning?

3 Independent Research Traditions

It all began one day in 1904 when…

Defined intelligence as the capacity to:

• (definition not used in psychology today)

Binet's operational definitions:

Believed intelligence expressed itself through these facilities:

Guided by 2 principles that underlie modern intelligence theories

• (what Binet is still most famous for)

Principle 1: Age Differentiation

Principle 2: General Mental Ability

To support the notion of g he developed factor analysis

You might also like