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20 PART I Fundamental Concepts
SUMMARY CHART
 Each unit of whole blood collected contains approxi-
mately 450 mL of blood and 63 mL of anticoagulant
preservative solution or approximately 500 mL of blood
and 70 mL of anticoagulant preservative solution.
 A donor can give blood every 8 weeks.
 Glycolysis generates approximately 90% of the ATP
needed by RBCs, and 10% is provided by the pentose
phosphate pathway.
 Seventy-five percent post-transfusion survival of RBCs
is necessary for a successful transfusion.
 ACD, CPD, and CP2D are approved preservative solu-
tions for storage of RBCs at 1°C to 6°C for 21 days, and
CPDA-1 is approved for 35 days.
 Additive solutions (Adsol, Nutricel, Optisol, SOLX)
are approved in the United States for RBC storage for
42 days. Additive solution RBCs have been shown to
be appropriate for neonates and pediatric patients.
 RBCs can be frozen for 10 years from the date of freez-
ing if they are glycerolized and frozen within 6 days of
whole blood collection in CPD or CPDA-1.
Review Questions
1. What is the maximum volume of blood that can be
collected from a 110-lb donor, including samples for
processing?
a. 450 mL
b. 500 mL
c. 525 mL
d. 550 mL
2. How often can a blood donor donate whole blood?
a. Every 24 hours
b. Once a month
c. Every 8 weeks
d. Twice a year
3. When RBCs are stored, there is a “shift to the left.” This
means:
a. Hemoglobin-oxygen affinity increases, owing to an
increase in 2,3-DPG.
b. Hemoglobin-oxygen affinity increases, owing to a
decrease in 2,3-DPG.
c. Hemoglobin-oxygen affinity decreases, owing to a
decrease in 2,3-DPG.
d. Hemoglobin-oxygen affinity decreases, owing to an
increase in 2,3-DPG.
 Rejuvesol is the only FDA-approved rejuvenation
solution used in some blood centers to regenerate ATP
and 2,3-DPG levels before RBC freezing.
 Rejuvenation is used primarily to salvage O type and
rare RBC units that are outdated or used with specific
anticoagulant preservative solution up to 3 days past
outdate.
 Research is being conducted to improve on the current
additive solutions.
 In 2016, INTERCEPT was approved by the FDA for
pathogen reduction of platelets in 100% plasma.
 RBC substitutes under investigation include hemoglobin-
based oxygen carriers and perfluorocarbons.
 Two platelet additive solutions, InterSol and Isoplate,
have been approved for use in the United States.
 The FDA has approved the use of 7-day platelets as
long as specific criteria are met.
4. The majority of platelets transfused in the United States
today are:
a. Whole blood–derived platelets prepared by the
platelet-rich plasma method.
b. Whole blood–derived platelets prepared by the buffy
coat method.
c. Apheresis platelets.
d. Prestorage-pooled platelets.
5. Which of the following anticoagulant preservatives
provides a storage time of 35 days at 1°C to 6°C for units
of whole blood and prepared RBCs if an additive solution
is not added?
a. ACD-A
b. CP2D
c. CPD
d. CPDA-1
6. What are the current storage time and storage temper-
ature for platelet concentrates and apheresis platelet
components?
a. 5 days at 1°C to 6°C
b. 5 days at 24°C to 27°C
c. 5 days at 20°C to 24°C
d. 7 days at 22°C to 24°C
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Chapter 1 Red Blood Cell and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends 21

7. RBCs can be frozen for: 15. The INTERCEPT pathogen reduction system uses which
a. 12 months. of the following methods?
b. 1 year. a. Riboflavin and UV light
c. 5 years. b. Amotosalen and UV light
d. 10 years. c. Solvent/detergent treatment
d. Irradiation
8. Whole blood and RBC units are stored at what
temperature?
References
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