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Italian With A Side of Pasta 1St Edition Suzanne D Williams Online Ebook Texxtbook Full Chapter PDF
Italian With A Side of Pasta 1St Edition Suzanne D Williams Online Ebook Texxtbook Full Chapter PDF
Suzanne D Williams
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but for all that exceedingly peremptory, way, insists in putting on his
readers—a huge pair of blinkers. We are to regard the late
seventeenth and the whole of the eighteenth century as an Age of
Prose: and we are to regard Johnson, whether he was speaking of
the poets of this age or of others, as the spokesman of an age of
prose. Far be it from me to deny that there is an element of truth in
this: but it is not the whole truth, and the critic must strive, though he
may not boast, to “find the whole.”
The whole truth, as it seems to me, about Johnson is that he was
very much more than the critic of an age of prose, though he was not
(who has been? even Longinus? even Coleridge?)
“The King who ruled, as he thought fit,
The universal monarchy of wit”
where we are more than half-way from Du Bartas and Aubigné to Victor
Hugo. The mere image—this new “vision of the guarded mount,” with the
black Furies silhouetted against the flaming cone, and the explosions of
the volcano deepening the bugle-call to massacre—is fine: the means
taken to make it poetical are finer. The use of the proper names, and the
cunning arrangement of epithet and noun in noires Euménides and
Vêpres homicides, and the sharp blasts of the long and short o's in the
second line, are more than Hugonian, they are positively Miltonic: and the
couplet will serve to keep a man in Mr Arnold’s “torpid and dismal” stage
of later middle life cheerful for an evening, and whensoever he
remembers it afterwards. True, Fontenelle admits demurely that he knows
“vespers” and “Eumenides” are something of an anachronism in
conjunction, and proposes a slight alteration to suit this objection of
“correctness.” But this is his way; and the wonderful thing is that he
should have admired it at all—should have actually tasted this heady
wine of poetry. As he finishes the paragraph in his own quaint style,[656] “Il
était bien aisé, même à de grands poètes, de ne pas trouver” this couplet:
and in his time it would have been still easier even for great critics not to
do justice to it, and not to see that it is to these things “so easy for the
poet not to find” that it is the critic’s business to look.
The general remarks on Comedy which he prefixed to a collection of
his efforts in that kind are not negligible; but in those on Eclogue,[657] and
still more in the Digression sur Les Anciens et Les Modernes, the curse,
or at least the gainsaying, of the Quarrel is upon him, and the main drift is
not merely digressive but aggressive and excessive. In the Digression he
anticipates (as he did in so many things) the materialist-rationalist
explanations of the later eighteenth century by climate, fibres of the brain,
&c. Here he becomes scientific, and therefore necessarily ceases to be of
importance in literature.
But he always regains that importance before long—in his Discourse of
the Origin of Fable, in his Academic Discourses and Replies, in many a
fragment and isolated remark. Even in his Eloges—mostly devoted (there
are nearly two volumes of them) to scientific personages from Leibniz and
Newton downwards—the unconquerable critical power of the man shows
itself, subject to the limitations noted. The world is sometimes not allowed
to know anything of its greatest critics, and Fontenelle is an example of
this. But those who have won something of that knowledge of criticism
which it is the humble purpose of this book to facilitate, will not slight the
man who, at the junction of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,
could flirt in the face of Ancients and Moderns alike the suggestion (which
Mr Rigmarole doubtless borrowed from him) that all times are “pretty
much like our own,” and could see and hear the sable sisters sounding
the tocsin on the flaming crest of Mongibel.
Fontenelle is elusive, but comprehensible by the imagination. La Motte,
[658]
his inseparable companion in the renewed sacrilege of the Moderns,
seems an easier, but is really a harder, personage to lay hold of. It is
La Motte. indeed not extremely difficult to explain his attitude to the
Ancients by the fact that he knew no Greek; and his
exaltation of prose by a consciousness (wherein he has left a family by no
means extinct) that his own verses were worth very little. But it is so easy
not to write verses if you cannot; and not to write about Greek if you do
not know it! And the problem is further complicated by the facts that at
least some judges, who are not exactly the first comers, such as
Fontenelle himself and Voltaire, maintained that La Motte could write
verses,—and that, so far from being “a fellow who had failed,” he had
obtained the greatest scenic success of the early eighteenth century with
Inès de Castro, and, what is more, had deserved it. But for once, as also
again in Pope’s case, the dangerous explanation of physical defects and
constitutional weakness seems to have some validity. The invulnerable
nonchalance of his friend Fontenelle had met the damnation of Aspar by
a cool tearing up of the piece, and an undismayed advance upon the fate
of the plusquam semel damnatus; La Motte, at twenty or at little more, felt
the similar misfortune of Les Originaux so severely that he actually went
to La Trappe for a time. Before middle life he was blind and a cripple. The
irritability which did not show itself in his temper (for he was the most
amiable of men) would seem to have transferred itself to his literary
attitude, not affecting his politeness of expression, but inducing a sort of
“rash” of paradox.
To trace the vagaries of this might not be unamusing, but would
His “Unity of certainly be excessive here. La Motte, it seems to me,
Interest.” had considerably less natural literary taste than
Fontenelle; and of the controversy[659] (it was not his antagonist’s fault if it
was not a very acrimonious one) between him and Madame Dacier one
cannot say much more than that the lady is very aggressive, very erudite,
and very unintelligent; the gentleman very suave, rather ignorant, and of
an intelligence better, but not much better, directed; while both are
sufficiently distant from any true critical point of view. Yet once, as was
not unnatural in the case of a very clever man who was at least
endeavouring to form independent conclusions, La Motte did hit upon a
great critical truth when,[660] discussing the Three Unities, he laid it down
that there is after all only one Unity which is of real importance, and that
this is the “Unity of Interest,” to which all the others are subsidiary, and
but as means to an end. “Self-evident,” some one may say; but in how
many critics have we found the fact acknowledged hitherto? and by how
many has it been frankly acknowledged since? That the aim of the poet is
to please, to satisfy the thirst for pleasure—that is to say, to interest—all
but the extremest ethical prudery will admit. But critics, especially
classical and neo-classical critics, have always been in the mood of