Theoretical Foundations of Language, Culture, Literacies and Literature

1.What is one major characteristic of the Grammar
Translation Method (GTM)?
a) Mimicry is the focus of the classroom.
b) It uses the mother tongue as the target of
instruction.
c) It uses the target language as the medium of
instruction.
8.As an informed approach, communicative language
teaching (CLT) makes use of key factors of previous
language teaching methods; what is considered the
main goal of CLT?
a) correctness and pragmatics
b) accuracy and fluency
c) fluency and speaking

2.What is the focus of teaching in GTM? 9. It is how different the phonology of an individual’s
speech is from that of the listener. What is it?
a) Situational language
b) Contextualization a) pronunciation
c) Grammar structures b) intelligibility
c) accent
3.Which of the following is a feature of the Direct
Method? 10.This happens when the speaker unconsciously
applies some linguistic aspects of his native language to
a) Grammar is taught reductively.
the target language he is learning.
b) Grammar is taught deductively.
c) Grammar is taught inductively. a) L1 interference
b) prosodic disruptions
4.Which is usually done when a teacher uses the Audio-
c) comprehensible input
lingual Method in second language teaching?
11.It is a sign that elicits the response of the recipient.
a) Real-word conversations
b) Reading classical literature a) Message
c) Repetitive drills b) Non-verbal
c) Feedback
5.Which designer method in teaching the language is
affective based? 12.Which of the following is about Schema Theory?

a) Community Language Learning I. generalized description of knowledge

b) Content Based Learning II. Conceptual system for understanding
c) Natural Approach III. Units of knowledge
IV. Ones’ own comprehension
6.Which designer method relies on the
dramatic/theatrical nature of language learning? a) I and III
b) I, II, and III
a) Total Physical Response
c) All
b) Task Based Teaching
c) Suggestopedia 13.Stress cannot change the meaning of the sentence.

7.What could be a downside of using the Natural a) False

Approach in teaching the language? b) It depends.
c) True
a) It may be too harsh for the students, and the
teachers may be too distant from them. 14.The mistress who won the pageant is genius. = The
b) It may lead to teachers being too nondirective mistress is genius, who won the pageant. What do you
when teaching. call this process?
c) It may not be helpful for those students who
a) Extraposition
have speaking impairment.
b) Conversion
c) Fragmentation
Theoretical Foundations of Language, Culture, Literacies and Literature
15.A study of how we use to think our ways of c) Pidgin
communication for better communication; could be
22.In the Philippines, an increasing number of
used in stopping war, decreasing prejudices.
commuters ________immune from the perils of city life.
a) General pragmatics
a) believes their families are
b) General phonics
b) believe their families to be
c) General semantics
c) who believe their families to be
16.Set, ear, mole, are words with many possible
23.They take pictures ____ the garden. The last noun is
meanings, in what forms of ambiguity do these words
the subject of the action.
fall?
a) of
a) Polysemy
b) in
b) Heteronomy
c) at
c) Homonymy
24.For two weeks now, our professor in World
17.The statement “Will you go?” has a tendency to be
Literature has untiringly ____________ about the
interpreted in various ways. This can be regarded as
importance of submitting subject requirements on time.
what?
a) spoke
a) Direct illocutionary
b) spoken
b) Indirect illocutionary
c) did speak
c) Implicit performatives
25.Did the public secondary teachers from NCR
18.I felt the need ___ the need to stop being looked
____________ at the hotel for a seminar?
down again.
a) convene
a) :
b) convenes
b) ;
c) convened
c) –
26. I cannot ______________ with this mess anymore.
19.Lollipop and roses. What kind of phrasal process is
this? a) put up
b) put down
a) Correlation
c) put off
b) Subordination
c) Coordination 27.Driving is my past-time hobby. The underlined word
is what type of verbal?
20.Which of the following is the latest word added to
the OED? a) infinitive
b) gerund
a) final girl
c) participle
b) paksiw
c) Xennial 28.Not getting enough sleep and exercise in terms of
quantity and quality ___________ unhealthy.
21.The expressions ‘their boss might angry them for
nothing’, ‘emptied the beers into their open throats’, a) are
and ‘Our beer presents had already full up their heads’, b) have been
are examples of the use of _________________ and c) is
should not be seen as mistakes since they operate
according to a separate linguistic logic. 29.. The ruined resort is still popular to tourists. The
underlined word functions as what?
a) Interlanguage
b) Creole a) infinitive
Theoretical Foundations of Language, Culture, Literacies and Literature
b) gerund 6. Task-Based teaching – off-shoot of Community
c) participle Language Teaching. Tasks are representations of
what children will do in the real world
30.The ruined resort is not popular with tourists. The
Total Physical Response – children are expected to
underlined word functions as what?
do a lot of gestures, movements to feel the
a) verb language learning to solidify their idea of the target
b) adjective language
c) adverb Suggestopedia – when you are in an environment
that is relaxed, your mind will be more likely to
learn.
Rationalization and Answer Key - Use of Baroque music
- Expensive equipment because of the need to be
1. B 11. A 21. A relaxed, hypnosis
2. C 12. B 22. B 7. It may not be helpful to students with impairment
3. C 13. A 23. A because Natural Approach focuses on oral
4. C 14. A 24. B
communication and listening
5. A 15. C 25. A
- it is too directive
6. A 16. A 26. A
7. C 17. C 27. B
8. B 18. C 28. C 9. intelligibility – you can recognize the sound of what
9. C 19. C 29. C the speaker means
10. A 20. A 30. B Pronunciation – they way people pronounce a certain
word
Accent – rhythm of the language

2. Situational Language – language used in different

situations or events
Contextualization – situation status of the people
talking and other factors
3. Grammar is taught inductively.
- there is a gradual learning of the language
- samples of language (hi, hello) copies of the
language (formulating) creating (inductive)
4. Audio-lingual Method (ALM)
- take note of army (drills, rewards, punishments)
- repetitive drills (behaviorist approach)
- humans can be trained in a certain way
5. Content-Based Learning – teaching content subjects;
incorporating idea to content
Natural Approach (Stephen Krashen) – language
acquisition is better than language learning
Community Language Learning (Charles Curran) –
children are more equipped to learn a language if they
form a community or environment
- Teacher acts as a guide that provides
mentorship to language learning
- Remote of the real world
10. Prosodic functions – unit of language related to
stress, juncture, pitch that can add to the meaning
L1 Interference – Mother Tongue can influence L2
either positively or negatively. Positive if L1 has the
same features to your L2 (eg. Tagalog, Malay,
Indonesian)
Comprehensible Input (Krashen)
11. elicits response – message
Assess, evaluate, judge – feedback
12. Schema Theory (Jean Piaget) – knowledge, process,
categories, or organization of knowledge
14. fragmentation – part of the sentence that becomes
a phrase (not a complete thought)
Conversion/zero derivation – a word that is a noun that
can be a verb or an adjective
Extraposition – who and what is found at the end of the
sentence
15. General Pragmatics – uses language in context
General Semantics – people use language to make
meanings of their experience
Theoretical Foundations of Language, Culture, Literacies and Literature
16. heteronymy – words’ meaning depends on a context
Polysemy – many meanings
Homonymy – same sound different meaning

17. Implicit performative – utterance; as you say those

words, you are also performing but not directly
performing/related to the utterance
Eg I apologize to sorry

Explicit performative – say directly and perform the

action
“I hereby declare Martial Law”

Direct Illocutionary – intention or utterance that

explicitly tells the speaker’s action/intention
Indirect Illocutionary – you have the intention but your
words are not directly reflected to your intention
“I’m sorry you feel that way”

18. semi-colon ; replace conjunctions

Colon : emphasis
Dash – mark a brick in a text or to separate the text

20. xennial – group of people belonging in a generation

(2021)
Paksiw – 2003
Final girl – protagonist in a show and ends up surviving a
massacre or a crime (2022)

21. Pidgin – type of language/simplified language

between 2 groups of people whose contact is needed
for business
Creole – more developed and stable

26. put down – put something at a lower level/rejection

Put up – tolerating

27. Gerund - -ing and used as a noun

Infinitives – to + base form
Participle – can be adjective