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Maya Karkar

A1711371
EDUC331: Advanced Instructional Methodology
November 30, 2022

Instructor: Maya Karkar


Subject: Science
Lesson: Pollution
Grade 4

Lesson Plan
Topic of lesson: Pollution and its Different Types: Water, Land, Air, and Noise
Pollution

Teacher-centered and low-tech

Instructional approach
This lesson will be divided into three sessions. The topic of this lesson is pollution,
throughout the first activity in the first, students will learn the meaning of the word
pollution and its definition by brainstorming with the teacher. The second activity will be a
short video that will introduce the different types of pollution (air, water, noise, and land),
with a class discussion about the types. In the third activity, the second session, the teacher
will divide students into groups, each group is instructed to read a text about one type of
pollution and present what they learned to the rest of the class, they will learn about the
causes, and consequences, as well as their definitions. This is a peer learning activity, as
students are learning from each other. This lesson aims for students to understand the
severe effects of pollution on humans and the environment. All of the assessments used at
the beginning of this course are formative assessments. Throughout the fourth and final
activity, the third session, students will write a summary of the whole lesson, this is the
summative assessment, in which students will be evaluated. All of the activities will be
done in class, and the only technology tool used is YouTube.

Previous Knowledge:
Students already know:
 Environment life frame.
 Environment frame of movement.
 Our home, street, neighborhood, and school are part of one environment.
 Protecting the environment is a shared responsibility.

Platforms Toolbox

This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
1. YouTube 1. A short video on the different
pollution types.

https://youtu.be/Ga5PZdoL3dY

2. Link for water pollution text.

https://www.ducksters.com/science/
environment/water_pollution.php

3. Link for air pollution text.

https://www.ducksters.com/science/
environment/air_pollution.php

4. Link for land pollution text.

https://www.ducksters.com/science/
environment/land_pollution.php

5. Link for noise pollution text.

https://www.iberdrola.com/sustainability/
what-is-noise-pollution-causes-effects-
solutions

Course-level objectives

By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:

 LO 1: Describe and define pollution.

 LO 2: Differentiate between different types of pollution.

 LO 3: Identify and explain the causes and consequences of each pollution type.

 LO 4: Formulate a summary of each type of pollution.

Objective Assessment Learning material


Write down the word pollution Blackboard or Whiteboard
on the board, and ask students to brainstorm on.
Describe and define to brainstorm on what they
pollution think pollution means. And
come up with a proper
definition of the word pollution
together.

This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
the teacher will play a short YouTube video on pollution.
Differentiate between YouTube video called about
different types of pollution the types of pollution, the Blackboard or Whiteboard.
teacher will explain the lesson
stopping the video every once
in a while, and write notes on
the board.

The teacher will divide the Air pollution text.


class into four groups, she will
assign one type of pollution to Water pollution text.
each group, (group 1: Air
pollution/group 2: land/ group Noise pollution text.
3: water/ group 4: noise). Each
Identify and explain the group will read a text, and Land pollution text.
causes and consequences of search for the definition,
each pollution type causes, and consequences on
humans and the environment.
Then students will present and
explain the information they
gathered to the rest of the class.

At the end of the lesson, Blank white paper for


Formulate a summary about students have to write a writing the summary.
each type of pollution summary on each type of
pollution, specifying the
causes, consequences, and
definition.

Water Pollution
What is water pollution?

Water pollution is when waste, chemicals, or other particles cause a body of water (i.e. rivers, oceans, lakes) to become harmful to the fish and animals that need the water to
survive. Water pollution can disrupt and negatively impact nature's water cycle as well.

Natural Causes of Water Pollution

Sometimes water pollution can occur through natural causes like volcanoes, algae blooms, animal waste, and silt from storms and floods.

Human Causes of Water Pollution

A lot of water pollution comes from human activity. Some human causes include sewage, pesticides and fertilizers from farms, waste water and chemicals from factories, silt
from construction sites, and trash from people littering.

Oil Spills

Some of the most famous incidents of water pollution have been oil spills. One was the Exxon Valdez oil spill which occurred when an oil tanker hit a reef off the coast of Alaska
and over 11 million gallons of oil spilled into the ocean. Another bad oil spill was the Deepwater Horizon oil spill when an explosion at an oil well caused over 200 million
gallons to spill into the Gulf of Mexico.

Acid Rain

Air pollution can also have a direct effect on water pollution. When particles like sulphur dioxide get high into the air they can combine with rain to produce acid rain. Acid rain
can turn lakes acidic, killing fishes and other animals.

Effects on the Environment

Water pollution can have disastrous effects on the environment.

This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
 Pollution in the water can reach a point where there isn't enough oxygen in the water for the fish to breathe. The fish can actually suffocate!
 Sometimes pollution affects the entire food chain. Small fishes absorb pollutants, such as chemicals, into their bodies. Then bigger fishes eat the smaller fishes and
get the pollutants too. Birds or other animals may eat the bigger fishes and be harmed by the pollutants. One example of this was the use of the insecticide (bug
killer) DDT. When birds of prey ate fishes that were infected with it, they would lay eggs with thin shells. The population of birds of prey began to drop until DDT
was banished.
 Sewage can also cause major problems in rivers. Bacteria in the water will use oxygen to break down the sewage. If there is too much sewage, the bacteria could use
up so much oxygen that there won't be enough left for the fish.
 Water pollution from major events like acid rain or oil spills can completely destroy marine habitats.

Effects on Health

One of the most precious and important commodities for life on planet Earth is clean water. For over 1 billion people on the planet, clean water is nearly impossible to get. Dirty,
polluted water can make them sick and is especially tough on young children. Some bacteria and pathogens in water can make people so sick they can die.

Types of Water Pollutants

There are many sources of water pollution. Here are a few of the major causes:

 Sewage - Even today sewage is flushed directly into streams and rivers in many areas around the world. Sewage can introduce harmful bacteria that can make
people and animals very sick.
 Farm animal waste - Waste from large herds of farm animals such as pigs and cows can get into the water supply from the runoff of rain and large storms.
 Pesticides and herbicides - Pesticides are often sprayed on crops to kill bugs and herbicides are sprayed to kill weeds. These strong chemicals can get into the water
through runoff of rain storms. They can also contaminate rivers and lakes through accidental spills.
 Construction, floods, and storms - Silt from construction, earthquakes, floods, and storms can lower the oxygen content in the water and suffocate fish.
 Factories - Factories often use a lot of water to process chemicals, keep engines cool, and for washing things away. The used waste water is sometimes dumped into
rivers or the ocean. It can be full of pollutants.

What can you do to help?

 Save water - Fresh and clean water is a precious resource. Don't waste it! Take shorter showers, ask your parents not to water the lawn, make sure the toilet isn't
running, and don't leave the faucet running.
 Don't use weed killer - Ask your parents if you can pull the weeds in the yard so they don't need to use weed killer (an herbicide).
 Scrape your plates clean into the trash and don't put grease into the kitchen drain.
 Trash - Always pick up your trash, especially when at the beach, lake, or river.

Facts About Water Pollution

 Soap from washing your car can run down the street drain and cause water pollution.
 Only around 1% of the Earth's water is fresh water. The rest is salty and we can't drink it.
 Around 40% of the rivers and lakes in the United States are too polluted for fishing or swimming.
 The Mississippi River carries around 1.5 million tons of pollution into the Gulf of Mexico each year.
 Between 5 and 10 million people die each year from water pollution related illnesses.

This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Land Pollution

What is land pollution?

When we first think of pollution we often think of trash by the side of the road. This type of pollution is called land pollution. Land pollution is anything that damages or contaminates the
land.

Causes of Land Pollution

There are many causes of land pollution from the trash we throw away in our homes to waste produced at giant factories. Sometimes chemicals from the trash can contaminate the soil and
eventually the groundwater we need for drinking.

 Garbage - The average person in the United States produces around 4 1/2 pounds of trash every day! That's a lot of trash. Some of this trash gets recycled, but much of it ends up in
a landfill or on the ground.

 Mining - Mining can directly destroy the land, producing large holes in the ground and causing erosion. It can also release toxic chemicals into the air and soil.

 Farming - We all need farms to eat, but agriculture has destroyed many ecosystems and animal habitats. Farming also produces a lot of pollution in the form of chemicals such as
pesticides and herbicides. Animal waste from livestock can also pollute the soil and, eventually, the water supply.

 Factories - Many factories produce a significant amount of garbage and waste. Some of this waste is in the form of damaging chemicals. There are regulations in some countries to
prevent harmful chemicals from getting dumped directly onto the land, but this is not the case in many countries.

Effects on the Environment

Land pollution can be one of the most visible types of pollution. You see trash outside of buildings or on the side of the road. You may see a large landfill or dump. This type of land
pollution not only can hurt animals and their habitats, but also is ugly and destroys the beauty of nature.

Other types of land pollution like mining, farming, and factories can allow for harmful chemicals to enter into the soil and water. These chemicals can cause animals and plants to

Effects on Health

Different kinds of land pollution have been known to have adverse affects on the health of animals and humans. The harmful chemicals that can get into the soil and water can cause
cancers, deformities, and skin problems.

Landfills

Landfills are areas where garbage is placed in the land. Modern landfills in developed countries are designed to keep harmful chemicals from polluting the water. Some of the newest
landfills even try to capture methane gas from escaping and use it do produce energy. In the United States there are a lot of laws and regulations to try and keep landfills from harming the
environment.

What is biodegradable?

Trash that is made of organic substances will eventually decay and become a part of the environment. This type of trash is called biodegradable. Different types of materials take different
amounts of time to decay. Paper can decompose in around a month, but it takes a plastic bag over 20 years to decompose. Scientists predict that it could take a glass bottle about 1 million
years to biodegrade and that some materials, like Styrofoam, will never biodegrade.

What can you do to help?

Here are four things people can do to reduce land pollution:

1. Recycle - Around 33 percent of trash in the United States is recycled. When you recycle you add less land pollution.

2. Produce less trash - Some ways to reduce trash include not using a napkin or paper towel unless you absolutely need one, drinking water from a cup rather than a plastic bottle, and
being sure to properly dispose of harmful trash like batteries and computer equipment.

3. Pick up trash - Don't be a litter bug! Also, you can help out by picking up trash when you see it lying around. Kids make sure to ask your parents for help before you pick up
strange trash.

4. Composting - Get with your parents or school and start a compost heap. Composting is when you collect organic waste and store it so it breaks down to where it can be used for
fertilizer.

Facts About Land Pollution

 In 2010, the United States generated about 250 million tons of trash. Around 85 million tons of trash was recycled.

 The amount of trash per person in the United States has dropped over the last 10 years. In the last five years, the total amount of trash has dropped. At the same time, recycling
rates have risen. This is good news!

 One way to reduce the amount of trash is for companies to use less packaging on products. Things like smaller bottle caps, thinner plastic, and more compact packaging has played
a major role in reducing the amount of trash.

 Certain types of litter can kill animals when they get tangled or caught in it.

 Around 40 percent of the lead in landfills is due to improper disposal of computers and other electronic equipment.

This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Air Pollution

What is air pollution?

Air pollution is when unwanted chemicals, gasses, and particles enter the air and the atmosphere causing harm to animals and damaging the natural cycles of the Earth.

Natural Causes of Air Pollution

Some sources of air pollution come from nature. These include eruptions of volcanoes, dust storms, and forest fires.

Human Causes of Air Pollution

Human activity is a major cause of air pollution, especially in large cities. Human air pollution is caused by things such as factories, power plants, cars, airplanes, chemicals, fumes from spray
cans, and methane gas from landfills.

Burning Fossil Fuels

One of the ways that humans cause the most air pollution is by burning fossil fuels. Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas. When we burn fossil fuels this releases all sorts of gasses into
the air causing air pollution such as smog.

Effects on the Environment

Air pollution and the release of gasses into the atmosphere can have many negative effects on the environment.

 Global warming - One type of air pollution is the addition of carbon dioxide gas into the air. Some scientists believe that releasing too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is one
of the causes of global warming. This upsets the balance of the carbon cycle.
 The ozone layer - The ozone layer helps protect us from harmful rays from the sun. It is getting damaged from air pollution such as methane gas from livestock and CFCs from spray
cans.
 Acid Rain - Acid rain is created when gasses such as sulphur dioxide get high into the atmosphere. The wind can blow these gasses for miles and then they get washed out of the air
when it rains. This rain is called acid rain and can damage forests and kill fish.

Effects on Health

Air pollution can also make people sick. It can make it difficult to breathe and cause diseases such as lung cancer, respiratory infections, and heart disease. According to the World Health
Organization, 2.4 million people die each year from air pollution. Air pollution can be especially dangerous to children living in big cities with bad smog.

Air Quality Index

The Air Quality Index is a way for the government to alert people to the quality of the air and how bad the air pollution is in an area or city. They use colours to help you determine if you
should go outside.

 Green - the air is good.


 Yellow - the air is moderate
 Orange - the air is unhealthy for sensitive people like the elderly, children, and those with lung diseases.
 Red - Unhealthy
 Purple - Very unhealthy
 Maroon - Hazardous

Pollutants

The actual gas or substance that causes air pollution is called a pollutant. Here are some of the major pollutants:

 Sulphur dioxide - One of the more dangerous pollutants, sulphur dioxide (SO2) can be generated by burning coal or oil. It can cause acid rain as well as respiratory illnesses like
asthma.
 Carbon dioxide - Humans and animals breathe out carbon dioxide (CO2). It is also released when fossil fuels are burned. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.
 Carbon monoxide - This gas is very dangerous. It is odourless and is produced by cars. You can die if you breathe too much of this gas. This is one reason why you should never leave
your car running in the garage.
 Chlorofluorocarbons - These chemicals are also called CFCs. They were used in many devices from refrigerators to spray cans. They are not used as much today, but caused
significant damage to ozone layer during the time they were heavily used.
 Particulate matter - These are tiny particles like dust that get into the atmosphere and make the air we breathe dirty. They are linked to diseases like lung cancer.

What can you do to help?

Anytime you can use less energy, like electricity or gasoline, it can help reduce air pollution. You can help by turning off the lights when leaving your room and not leaving the TV or computer
on when you're not using it. Driving less helps a lot too. Be sure to talk to your parents about carpooling with friends and planning errands so that you can get them all done in a single trip. This
saves money on gas as well, which everyone likes!

Facts About Air Pollution

 A thick smog formed in London during the late 1800s. It was called the London Fog or the Pea Soup Fog.
 The biggest single air polluter is road transport such as cars.
 Air pollution in the United States has improved since the introduction of the Clean Air Act.
 The city with the worst air pollution in the United States is Los Angeles.
 Air pollution can cause your eyes to burn and make it difficult to breathe.

This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
 Indoor air pollution can be much worse than the pollution outdoors.

This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Noise pollution

Atmospheric pollution is not the only type of contamination that is harming living beings on the planet. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is one of the most dangerous environmental threats to health. And according
to the European Environment Agency (EEA), noise is responsible for 16,600 premature deaths and more than 72,000 hospitalisations every year in Europe alone. Drivers honking the horn, groups of workers drilling the road surface,
aircraft flying over us in the sky... Noise, noise, and more noise. Cities have become the epicentre of a type of pollution, acoustics, which, although its invisibility and the fact that coronavirus crisis reduced it until almost yearn it, is
severely damaging to human beings. So much so that the European Environment Agency estimates that noise is responsible for 72,000 hospital admissions and 16,600 premature deaths every year in Europe alone.

Not only does it hurt humans, it is bad for animals, too. According to the National Park Service (NPS) in the United States, noise pollution has an enormous environmental impact and does serious damage to wildlife. Experts say
noise pollution can interfere with breeding cycles and rearing and is even hastening the extinction of some species.

WHAT IS NOISE POLLUTION?

Not all sound is considered noise pollution. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines noise above 65 decibels (dB) as noise pollution. To be precise, noise becomes harmful when it exceeds 75 decibels (dB) and is painful above
120 dB. As a consequence, it is recommended noise levels be kept below 65 dB during the day and indicates that restful sleep is impossible with nighttime ambient noise levels in excess of 30 dB.

CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION: There are many sources of noise pollution, but here are some of the main ones:

Traffic noise: Traffic noise accounts for the most polluting noise in cities. For example, a car horn produces 90 dB and a bus produces 100 db.

Air traffic noise: There are fewer aircraft flying over cities than there are cars on the roads, but the impact is greater: a single aircraft produces 130 db.

Construction sites: Building and car park construction and road and pavement resurfacing works are very noisy. For example, a pneumatic drill produces 110 db.

Catering and nightlife: Bars, restaurants, and terraces that spill outside when the weather is good can produce more than 100 db. This includes noise from pubs and clubs.

Animals: Noise made by animals can go unnoticed, but a howling or barking dog, for example, can produce around 60-80 db.

EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

As well as damaging our hearing by causing — tinnitus or deafness —, constant loud noise can damage human health in many ways, particularly in the very young and the very old. Here are some of the main ones:

Physical: Respiratory agitation, racing pulse, high blood pressure, headaches and, in case of extremely loud, constant noise, gastritis, colitis and even heart attacks.

Psychological: Noise can cause attacks of stress, fatigue, depression, anxiety and hysteria in both humans and animals.

Sleep and behavioural disorders: Noise above 45 dB stops you from falling asleep or sleeping properly. Remember that according to the World Health Organization it should be no more than 30 db. Loud noise can have latent effects
on our behaviour, causing aggressive behaviour and irritability.

Memory and concentration: Noise may affect people's ability to focus, which can lead to low performance over time. It is also bad for the memory, making it hard to study.

Interestingly, our ears need more than 16 hours rest to make up for two hours of exposure to 100 dB.

SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE NOISE POLLUTION

International bodies like the WHO agree that awareness of noise pollution is essential to beat this invisible enemy. For example: avoid very noisy leisure activities, opt for alternatives means of transport such as bicycles or electric
vehicles overtaking the car, do your housework at recommended times, insulate homes with noise-absorbing materials, etc. Educating the younger generation is also an essential aspect of environmental education.Governments can also take
measures to ensure correct noise management and reduce noise pollution.For example: protecting certain areas — parts of the countryside, areas of natural interest, city parks, etc. — from noise, establishing regulations that include preventive and
corrective measures — mandatory separation between residential zones and sources of noise like airports, fines for exceeding noise limits, etc. —, installing noise insulation in new buildings, creating pedestrian areas where traffic is only allowed to
enter to offload goods at certain times, replacing traditional asphalt with more efficient options that can reduce traffic noise by up to 3 dB, among others.

This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Topic of lesson: Pollution and its Different Types: Water, Land, Air, and Noise
Pollution

Student-centered and high-tech

Instructional approach

This lesson will be divided into three sessions. The topic of this lesson is pollution,
throughout the first activity in the first, students will learn the meaning of the word
pollution and its definition by doing a brainstorming activity on Coggle. The second
activity is an inquiry-based learning activity, students will be using EarthX to discover the
different types of pollution, (air, water, noise, and land), with a class discussion about the
types, then using Padlet to write about their experience using the website and what they
learned from it. In the third activity, the second session, the teacher will divide students into
groups in breakout sessions, each group is instructed to research one type of pollution and
present what they learned to the rest of the class via Nearpod, they will learn about the
causes, and consequences, as well as their definitions. This is a peer learning activity, as
students are learning from each other. As homework students have to create an infographic
on the pollution type they presented. This lesson aims for students to understand the severe
effects of pollution on humans and the environment. All of the assessments used at the
beginning of this course are formative assessments. Throughout the fourth and final
activity, the third session, students will create a summary video of the whole lesson, while
including the infographic they had to create as homework, this is the summative
assessment, in which students will be evaluated. All of the activities will be done online or
asynchronously.

Previous Knowledge:
Students already know:
 Environment life frame.
 Environment frame of movement.
 Our home, street, neighborhood, and school are part of one environment.
 Protecting the environment is a shared responsibility.

Platforms Toolbox

1. Zoom 1. Zoom for online meetings

2. Coggle 2. Coggle for brainstorming

This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://coggle.it

3. EarthX 3. EarthX for a virtual tour

https://earthx.org/education/virtual-field-
trips/
4. Padlet
4. Padlet for writing about their
experience on EarthX

5. Nearpod https://padlet.com

5. Nearpod for creating presentations

6. Canva https://nearpod.com/library/

6. Canva for creating an infographic

7. Flip https://www.canva.com

7. Flip for creating a summary video

https://info.flip.com

Course-level objectives

By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:

 LO 1: Describe and define pollution.


 LO 2: Differentiate between different types of pollution.
 LO 3: Identify and explain the causes and consequences of each pollution type.
 LO 4: Formulate a summary of each type of pollution.

Objective Assessment Learning material

The class will be held on Zoom for the online


Zoom, the teacher will send meeting.
Describe and define a link on the chat for
pollution Coggle, students have to
brainstorm, in order to write
(Online) a definition for pollution. Coggle for brainstorming
mind map.

Asynchronous session. EarthX for a virtual tour.


Students will go to a website

This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
that will take them on a
virtual tour on EarthX, they
will check out, the four
Differentiate between different types of pollution, Padlet for writing
different types of pollution and discover them while information.
taking notes, and writing a
Asynchronous few sentences on Padlet
about their experience using
EarthX.

Identify and explain the The class will be held online Zoom for the online
causes and consequences of on Zoom, the teacher will meeting.
each pollution type put students in breakout
sessions. Students have to
(Online) research about the pollution
type that was assigned to Nearpod for students to
them, and create a create presentations.
presentation on Nearpod,
and present it to their
classmates.
Canva so students can create
infographics.

Homework: students have to


individually create an
infographic poster on Canva
on the type of pollution
they’re assigned for next
session.

Formulate a summary of The class will be held online Zoom for the online
each type of pollution on Zoom. the teacher will meeting.
instruct students to go on
(Online) flip and create a five-minute
video summarizing the
entire lesson, while Flip to create and post the
including the infographic summary video.
they created as homework.

The first lesson plan was created as a teacher-centered and low-tech lesson. The
teacher-centered approach identifies the instructor as the person conveying information to
the pupils through lecturing or direct teaching. Learners in this context are mostly listening
and receiving material. The teacher-centered approach can be linked to the cognitive load
This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
theory, as students’ working memory can simply contain a certain percentage of knowledge
at any given moment therefore, in order to maximize retention, instructional approaches
must prevent overwhelming students. Although, throughout this lesson, there are a couple of
traditional activities, such as group work, and summary writing, where the teacher will help
guide the students, and not only feed them information.

The second lesson plan was created as a student-centered and high-tech lesson. The
student-centered approach is made for learners to be co-creators of their personal learning,
with choices over when, how, and what they acquire. In addition to this lesson being high-
tech, students have the opportunity to learn things and complete assignments at their own
pace. And make learning more interactive by using technology tools in group work or
individual work. This follows Gagne’s 9 events of instructions, enhancing retention and
transfer, which is accomplished by providing materials that improve learning transfer and
acquisition. Turning this lesson into a student-centered and high-tech lesson will help gain
students’ attention as Gagne’s stated in his 9 events of instructions, by providing an
engaging introductory task.

As a teacher in a rural and traditional school, and taking into consideration the Lebanese
curriculum, the circumstances force me to follow the teacher-centered and low-tech lesson,
which is not horrible. As it has worked wonders for people for centuries, but I would
personally like to create a lesson that is teacher-centered, student-centered, and low-tech.
This is the way I have been teaching my own lessons, I allow students to brainstorm, and
give them an opportunity to contribute to the lesson before I take charge and explain it to
them. Traditional teacher-centered and low-tech approaches are considered by some as
boring, or uninteresting. But with the right mindset, and effort a traditional classroom can
be turned into one of the greatest learning experiences for students.

This document has been adapted from “The design document” © 2021 by William Cronje & Eduflow
Academy is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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