BUSINESS ETHICS BBS20703

-LEARNING OUTCOME-
TOPIC 3
ETHICAL THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES

VELORY JOUNIS
(2102022090079)
SITI NUR SAHARRA BT HAMDIH
(2102022090078)
3 LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Explain the fundamentals of moral
philosophy
2. Differentiate between teleological and
deontological theories of ethics
3. Apply the ethical theories to make sound
business decisions
LEARNING OUTCOME 1 :
EXPLAIN THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY

Ethics is derived from the greek word,ethos,which means

character,spirit and attitudes of a group of people or culture
(Rahman,2003). ethis is also a branch of philosophy. There are five
brances of philosophy which is
Metaphysics,Epistemology,Ethics,Politics and Aesthetics. Moral
philosophy, or ethics, is about determining what is right and wrong.
Ethics may be divided into two branches which is Meta ethics and
Normative Ethics and it has two main forms which is Moral
relativism and Moral objectivism.
 JOURNAL 1
“Business Ethics in Africa : The Role Of Institutional
Context,Social Relevance,and Development Challenges.”
Ifedapo Adeleye,John Luiz,Judy Muthuri & Kenneth
Amaeshi

Published : 14 November 2019

Volume 161,pages 717-729,(2020)
 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 : EXPLAIN THE FUNDAMENTALS
OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY

Africa's alternative social relationship concepts

are drawing more and more attention, particularly in
light of the global observation of Western-based
Different theories of the firm. It also means that African moral
Approaches philosophy—such as Ubuntu, which places a strong
to Social
emphasis on relationships and communal values—is
Relationships
becoming more well-known in the field of business
ethics.
 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 : EXPLAIN THE FUNDAMENTALS
OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY

It has drawn attention from mainstream business ethics and

management outlets due to its strong humanistic
orientation. Ubuntu is a philosophy that highlights the
mutual dependence of all individuals and the value of
Ubuntu
humanity and compassion in interpersonal interactions. Its
inclusion in business ethics conversations is indicating of a
wider understanding of various ethical frameworks.
 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 : EXPLAIN THE FUNDAMENTALS
OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY

distinctively African traditional cultures'

communal ethics and philosophy. This implies
that the ethical rules of traditional African
African
Traditional cultures either supplement or diverge from
Cultures' Ethical
Foundations those of Western ethical theories.
 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 : EXPLAIN THE FUNDAMENTALS
OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY

Africa's cultural diversity, pointing out that there

are roughly 2,000 various ethnic groups living
there. This diversity indicates that different
Africa's
African cultures have different ethical viewpoints
Cultural
Diversity
and values, which should be taken into account
when talking about business ethics in Africa.
 LEARNING OUTCOME 2 : DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN
TELEOLOGICAL AND DEONTOLOGICAL THEORIES OF ETHICS

Teleological and deontological theories are two major categories in the field of ethics, offering different
approaches to determining what is morally right or wrong.

1. Teleological Ethics:
Focuses on the consequences or outcomes of actions.
Example: Utilitarianism, which seeks to maximize happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of
people.
Emphasizes achieving good outcomes as the basis for determining moral rightness.
2. Deontological Ethics:
Focuses on the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, regardless of outcomes.
Example: Kantian ethics, which emphasizes following moral rules or duties (e.g., telling the truth,
respecting autonomy) regardless of consequences.
Emphasizes moral rules or duties as the basis for determining moral rightness.
 LEARNING OUTCOME 2 :DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN TELEOLOGICAL
AND DEONTOLOGICAL THEORIES OF ETHICS

TELEOLOGICAL DEONTOLOGICAL
THEORY THEORY

The journal discusses the widely held belief

The journal makes the argument that this
in the West that the ultimate goal of business
Western-based theory is at odds with African
is to maximise owner value through the sale
cultures, in contrast to the teleological
of goods and services. This theory is
approach. Contrarily, deontological ethics
frequently linked to teleological ethics, which
emphasises an action's intrinsic rightness or
emphasise actions' consequences as the
wrongness, independent of its effects.
main factor determining their ethical worth.
CULTURAL
According to the journal, African
cultures might be more in line with
deontological ethics, which puts
moral obligations and principles
ahead of the results of deeds. The
DIFFERENCES
emphasis on Ubuntu, a
communitarian ethic that
prioritises values like compassion,
caring, sharing, harmony, and
inclusivity and aims to further the
common good.
 JOURNAL 2
Information Technology Ethics and
Professional Responsibilities by Mohammed A.
Afifi, Taher M. Ghazal, Deepak Kalra and
Beenu Mago.

Published : January 2020

 LEARNING OUTCOME 3 : APPLY THE ETHICAL
THEORIES TO MAKE SOUND BUSINESS DECISIONS

Applying ethical theories to business decisions can help ensure that

companies act in ways that are morally acceptable and beneficial to
society.
Teleological (utilitarianism)
deontological (Kantian ethics)

the utilitarian approach emphasizes the consequences of actions, while

the Kantian approach emphasizes the inherent rightness or wrongness
of actions themselves. By considering both perspectives, businesses can
make more ethical decisions that balance the interests of stakeholders
and society as a whole.
Ethics is a moral philosophy that systematizes, recommends, and
defends concepts to determine their rightness or wrongness. It falls
under the axiology branch of philosophy and addresses morality
questions, defining evil or good concepts. Three major categories
are associated with ethics. There are three major categories that
can be linked to ethics and are described as follows:

This ethical branch explores the theoretical nature of moral

META-ETHICS:
propositions and the determination of truth values.

The second category, normative ethics, focuses on practical

NORMATIVE methods to determine whether an action's morality is maintained or
ETHICS: not.

Ethics encompasses the obligations of individuals to perform

APPLIED ETHICS: specific tasks in specific situations, adhering to ethical and moral
principles.
Professional ethics govern behavior within business
environments.

It also includes business ethics, focusing on controversial

subjects like corporate governance, bribery, insider trading,
discrimination, fiduciary responsibilities, and CSR.

Law primarily drives business ethics, but it also provides

fundamental guidelines for public approval.

Organizations worldwide are advancing their technological

frameworks to improve productivity, efficiency, and accuracy.
Information Technology (IT) ethics have been a topic of interest
since the 1940s, with Werner being the first to explore its ethical
implications. The Information and Computer Ethics (ICE) body
emerged in the 1960s to establish principles for computer
scientists. IT ethics are reviewed quarterly, focusing on internet
ethics, ethical decision-making models, and information ethics.
The interdependence of technologies and their potential to
replace human employees raises ethical concerns.
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