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Dukumantii Leenjii Paakeejii Gogaa Fi Kal'ee Caamsaa 2015
Dukumantii Leenjii Paakeejii Gogaa Fi Kal'ee Caamsaa 2015
Dukumantii Leenjii Paakeejii Gogaa Fi Kal'ee Caamsaa 2015
Qabiyyee Fuula
1. Qabeenyaa Beeyladaa fi Omisha Gogaa fi kal’ee..................................................................................................
1.1 Qabeenya Beeyladaa Biyya keenyaa..................................................................................................................
1.2 Qulqullina gadaanaa gogaa fi kal’ee tiif sababoota kan ta’an.............................................................................
1.2.1 Rakkoon qulqullinaa yoom mudachuu danda’a?.........................................................................................
1.2.1.1 Beeyladni qalamuun dura.....................................................................................................................
1.2.2 Haala hanqinni itti mudatuu danda’u..........................................................................................................
1.2.2.1 Beeyladni qalamuun dura.....................................................................................................................
1.2.2.2 Yeerooeroo Beeyladni Qalamu.............................................................................................................
1.2.2.3 Beeyladni erga qalamee booda hir’inni ni mudata...............................................................................
1.3 Omishtummaa gogaa fi kal’ee fooyyessuuf haala mijataa jiran........................................................................
1.4. Maalummaa, tokkummaa fi adda adduumma gogaa fi kal’ee,........................................................................
1.5 Fayidaa Gogaa..................................................................................................................................................
1.5.1 Fayidaa Beeyladichaaf...............................................................................................................................
1.5.2. Fayidaa gogaa namaaf..............................................................................................................................
1.5.2.1 Fayidaa diinagdee:..............................................................................................................................
1.5.2.2 Carraa uumuu.....................................................................................................................................
1.5.2.3 Argama sharafa biyya alaa..................................................................................................................
2. Qabiyyee fi Amala gogaa fi kal’ee.......................................................................................................................
2.1 Qabiyyee fiizikaalaa fi keemikaala gogaa fi kal’ee............................................................................................
2 .1.1 Gogaa isa gubbaa /Epidermis/..................................................................................................................
2.1.2 Dirii fi maagii /Dermis/..............................................................................................................................
2.1.3 Kutaa foon gogaa/ Hypodermis/...............................................................................................................
2.2 Qabiyyee keemikaalaa gogaa fi kal’ee..............................................................................................................
2.3 Madda gogaa fi kal’ee......................................................................................................................................
2.4 Ka’umsaalee hiri’ina qulqullinaa.......................................................................................................................
3. Of Eeggannoo gogaa fi kal’eef taassifamu..........................................................................................................
3.1Ofeeggnnoo godhamuu qaban......................................................................................................................
3.2 Adeemsa Qalmaa.........................................................................................................................................
3.2.1 Meeshaalee Qalmaaf Barbaachisan..........................................................................................................
3.2.2 Aduu fi meeshaalee barbaachisoo.............................................................................................................
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3.2.3 Baqaqsuu...................................................................................................................................................
3.2.4 Gogaa foon irraa baasuu...........................................................................................................................
3.2.4 Ijaarsa mana qophii gogaa fi kal’ee...........................................................................................................
3.2.5 Hojmaata Miidhaa Qabanii Fi Dhorkaman.................................................................................................
3.2.6 Akka itti qopheesan...................................................................................................................................
3.2.7 Ashaboodhaan qopheessudhaaf meeshaalee ittiin tajaajilamuuf barbaachisan.......................................
3.2.8 Akka itti ribraaba gogaa fi kal’ee qilleensan gogoogeef tolchan................................................................
3.2.9 Wadaroo rogsadee kal’ee re’ee irraatti goggosuuf gargaaru.....................................................................
3.2.10. Gogaa fi kal’ee akka itti kuusan..............................................................................................................
4. Gogaan Foon Irraa Erga Baafameen Booda Qophii Godhamuu Fi Gara Gabaatti Geejjibuu.............................
4.1 Gogaan foon irraa erga baafamee booda qophii godhamuu..............................................................................
4.1.1 Dhiquu.......................................................................................................................................................
4.1.2 Irraa mummuruu (trimming).....................................................................................................................
4.1.3 Ennaa makiinaa irratti fe’amu wanta hubatamuu fi to’atamuu qabu........................................................
4.1.4 Meeshaalee adda addaa qophii gogaa fi kal’ee keessatti ittiin hajjatan....................................................
4.1.5 Meeshaalee gogaa foon irraa baasuuf ittiin hojjachuun dhorkame..........................................................
5. Gogaa fi Kal’ee Sadarkeessuu.............................................................................................................................
5.1 Kal’ee sadarkeessuu (Claassification of Skins)..................................................................................................
5.1. 1 Sadarkaa tokkoffaa...................................................................................................................................
5.1.2 Sadarkaa lammaffaa..................................................................................................................................
5.1.3 Sadarkaa sadaffaa......................................................................................................................................
5.1.4 Sadarkaa afraffaa.......................................................................................................................................
5.1.5 Gatamaa (Rejects).....................................................................................................................................
5.2 Gogaa Sadarkeessuu (Classification of Hides)..................................................................................................
5.2.1Sadarkaa tokkoffaa.....................................................................................................................................
5.2.2Sadarkaa lammaffaa...................................................................................................................................
5.2.3 Sadarkaa sadaffaa......................................................................................................................................
5.2.4 Sadarkaa afraffaa.......................................................................................................................................
5.2.5 Gatamaa (Rejects).....................................................................................................................................
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1. Qabeenyaa Beeyladaa fi Omisha Gogaa fi kal’ee
Gogaa fi kal’ee beeylada kanarraa omishamuu danda’u ragaa Dhaabbata Qonnaa fi nyaataa
Mootummaa gamtoomanii Food and Agriculture Organization of the united nation (FAO) irraa
argameetti
Kana keessaa gabaaf kan dhiyaate akka ragaa naannolee irraa argame jedhameetti 2017/2018
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Beeyladni qalamuun dura yeroo lubbuun jiru
• Beeyladni haala gaariin nyaata hin arganne huqqataa ta’a, dhibee adda addaaf ni saaxilama,
kanarraa ka’uun gogaan isaa cimina dhaba.
• Sababa dhibeetiin gogaan fayidaa dhaba. Waan kana ta’eef fayyaa beeyladaa eeguun akkuma
omisha beeyladaa biroof barbaachisu omisha gogaa fi kal’eefis murteessaadha.
• Amalli qilleensaa beeyladni keessatti guddatan uumama keessa gogaa fi hafama ‘grain’ gogaa
irratti dhiibbaa qaba. Naannoo ho’aatti rifeensa gabaabaa qabu (re’oota) gogaan beeylada
kanarraa argamu kuufama ‘dirii’ olaanaa qaba
• Umrii fi Saala: Gogaan beeylada umrii xiqqaa qabuufi kana saala dhalaa salphaa fi haala
harkifamuu olaanaa qaba. ‘dirii’ yabbuu qaba.
• Gogaan beeyladaa dulloomaa fi dhiiraa haala taa’umsa grain shaakaraa, kan walitti suntuuraa
ta’ee fi mudaa adda addaa ni qabaata.
Beeyladni sanyii biyya keessaa dalluu waan qabaniif diriiraa ta’uu gogaa irratti dhiibbaa qaba. Gatii
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• Kanaaf akka gargaaarutti beeyladni fannifamee qalamuu qaba.
• Gogaa beeyladaa qalamee lafarra arkisuunis qulqullina gogaa irratti hanqina fida.
• Gogaa irratti lafee caccabsuunis hir’ina qulqullina tiffitifffi fi tarsaina gogaa irratti ni fida.
• Aaduu adda addaa kan qalmaa, kan ittiin baqaqsanii fi ittiin gogaa irraa baasan
qabaachuu fi fayyadamuu barbaachisa.
Kal’ee yeroo irraa baafnu aaduu fayyadamuu dhiisnee irra caalaa harka qofaan
fayyadamuu nu barbaachisa.
Beeyladni erga qalamee booda yeroo sa’aatii 5 hanga 6’tti gogaan bakka mana itti
qopheeffamuutti qaqqabuu qaba.
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Baadiyyaadhaa yeroo walitti qaban of eeggannoo olaanaa taassisuu barbaachisa.
Madaabaraa fi feestaalidhaan yeroo dheeraadhaaf maramee teessifamuu hin qabu,
dhukkee fi rooba irraa eeguu barbaachisa.
Gaaddisa jalatti walitti qabuu, biyyee irratti fi xurii irratti akka hin kuufamne gochuu
barbaachis
Baadiyyaadhaa yeroo walitti qaban of eeggannoo olaanaa taassisuu barbaachisa.
Madaabaraa fi feestaalidhaan yeroo dheeraadhaaf maramee teessifamuu hin qabu,
dhukkee fi rooba irraa eeguu barbaachisa.
Gaaddisa jalatti walitti qabuu, biyyee irratti fi xurii irratti akka hin kuufamne gochuu
barbaachisa
Mana qophii / kuusaa gogaa fi kal’ee keessatti battalumatti akka qophaa’u gochuu
barbaachisa. Aaduu sirrii fayyadamuudhaan haftee foonii fi cooma of eeggannoodhaan
irraa kaasuu barbaachisa.
Ashaboo qulqulluu fayyadamuu, hanga sirrii ta’ee fayyadamuu, minjaala irratti diriisun
ashaboo dibuu. Ijaarsi mana kuusaa ykn qophii gogaa fi kal’ee kan sadarkaa isaa eeggate
ta’uu qaba.
Qilleensa haala salphaan kan argatu ta’uu qaba. Kan aaduu haftee foonii irraa ittiin
kaasan qabu ta’uu qaba, yaaftoo xurii kan qabu ta’uu qaba. Boolla kuusaa xurii kan qabu
ta’uu qaba. Kunneen yoo guutamuu dhaba qulqullini gogaa fi gal’ee gadaanaa ta’a.
Gara warshaa gogaa fi kal’eetti yeroo geejjibamuu wanta qulqullina gogaa fi kal’ee
balleessan waliin wal xuquun akka hin jiraanne gochuu barbaachisa.
Wantoota akka dibataa / qibaatii/, cilee/ kasala/ fi sibilaa irraa bilisa ta’uu qaba.
Sharaadhaan maramee, saamsamee xalayaa haadarbuu waliin erguu barbaachisa.
Roobaa fi dhukkee irraa eegamuu isa barbaachisa.
Dabalataan ammoo, gogaa fi kal’ee aaraan goggogsame, kan lafa irratti chikaalaan
goggosame fi kan horii du’anii gatamaa fi kan hin barbaadamne ta’uu beekuun
barbaachisaadha.
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1.3 Omishtummaa gogaa fi kal’ee fooyyessuuf haala mijataa jiran.
✓ Warshaan gogaa 30
✓ Warshaan qophee 14
o Kal’ee: jechuun uwwisa qaama alaa beeylada xixinnaa ta’ee, ulfaatinaa fi bal’inaan kan
gogaadhaa gadi ta’e dha.
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akka hingalle ittisuu o Uwwisa qaamaa salphaa fi mijaawaa ta’uu o
Qaama keessaa balaa irraa ittisuu o Qaama keessaa waliin wal qixa
ittiin ijaaruu
kal’ee 2000 ol
o Hojjattoota 1000 ol kan mana qophii fi kuusaa gogaa fi kal’ee daldaltootaa keessa
hojjatan
o Dafqaan bultoota 8000 ol ta’an kan warshaalee lalaaffisaa gogaa fi kal’ee keessa
hojjatanii
o Dafqaan bultoota 7000 ol ta’an kan warshaalee qophee fi uffannaa leezarii adda addaa
uumameefii jira.
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o Hojjattoota qeeraa 2000 ol /qeeraa ala ergee otoohindabalatin o Daldaltoota gogaa fi
kal’ee 2000 ol
o Hojjattoota 1000 ol kan mana qophii fi kuusaa gogaa fi kal’ee daldaltootaa keessa
hojjatan
o Dafqaan bultoota 8000 ol ta’an kan warshaalee lalaaffisaa gogaa fi kal’ee keessa
hojjatanii
o Dafqaan bultoota 7000 ol ta’an kan warshaalee qophee fi uffannaa leezarii adda addaa
keessa hojjatanii
o Waliigalatti abbootii warraa 20,000 ol ta’aniif carraan hojii uumameefii jira.
Waliigalatti damee kana irraa galiin biyyaalessaa biyyaalessaa USD miiliyoona 133 Bara 2007
argamee jira.
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2. Qabiyyee fi Amala gogaa fi kal’ee
Kutaa isa gubbaa yoota’u, dirii fi maagii isa jedhamuun walbira yoo ilaalamu baay’ee
haphii dha.
Dirriibii lama kan qabu yoota’u, retikulaar /reticular/ fi koorniyes / corneous/ jedhamu.
Kutaan kun haleellaa baakteriyaa fi keemikaalaaf kan saaxilamee yoota’u salphumatti
tortoruu fi jijjiiramuu kan danda’uudha.
Koorniyes /corneous/ kutaa isaa gubbaa irra jiru yoota’u seeliiwwan du’aniin kan
hojjatamedha.
Yeroo yeroon dhodh’uu fi ququnca’uun qaama beeyladaa irraa maqfama.
Fakkeenya yoo fudhanne harca’uun rifeensaa kan mallattoo tortoruu isa jalqabaa
ta’e hafata kutaa kanaa irraa eegala.
Retiikulaar /reticular/ kutaa irree sochiin metaabolikii kan keessatti gaggeeffamu kan
qabu yoota’u, yeroo yeroon of haaromsa.
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Koriyem kutaa daraaraatti aanee kutaa dirii fi maagii argamu yoota’u ribuuwwan kirrii
fakkaatanii fi wal xaxaniin kan hojjatamee dha.
Pirootiinii Kolaajiin jedhamuun kan hojjatamee, ciminaa fi dadacha’iinsa akka qabatu kan
taassisee kutaan leezarii jedhamu isa kana dha
❑ Hanga qabiyyee keessoo isaatiin umrii, saala, haala nyaatinsa, fi haala qilleensa
naannichaa irratti bu’uureffamuun kan adda adda addummaa qaba.,
❑ Akka waliigalaatti gogaa yookiin kal’een tokko qabiyyee hamma kana qaba jechuun kan
hin danda’amu,
❑ Giddugaleessan qabiyyeen gogaa yookiin kal’ee tokkoo bishaan % 64, pirootiinii %33,
faatii %2 fi albuuda %5 akka qabu beekamee jira.
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2.4 Ka’umsaalee hiri’ina qulqullinaa
2.4.1 Miidhaaleen yeroo qalmaa fi qalma booda gogaa fi kal’ee irra gahan ka’umsa hir’ina
qulqullinaa ti.
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3. Of Eeggannoo gogaa fi kal’eef taassifamu
❑ Wadaroo kan biraa qixxeetti dachasudhaan morma isaa irratti akka hin furgafamnetti
guduunfuu
❑ Ammas wadaroo gadi buusuudhaan miila duubaa lamaan gidduu akka bahu gochuu
❑ Wadaroo miila duubaa lamaan giddudhaan bahe san nama 3 ykn 4 ta’anii harkisuudhaan
beeyladichi akka suuta kufu gochuudha.
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3.2.1 Meeshaalee Qalmaaf Barbaachisan
❑ Wadaroo
• Morma hidhuudhaaf,
❑ Bishaan
• Namni gogaa foon irraa baasu yeroo yeroodhaan harka dhiigni tuqe ittiin
dhiqannaaf
❑ Qalma
Fiixeen isaa doomaa ta’ee boca giingoo walakkaa kan qabu dha.
D. Moroda
aaduun ittiin gogaa foon irraa itti baasan kan qara qaban ta’uu qabu
3.2.3 Baqaqsuu
A. Beeylada guguddaaf
Gara keessaatiin isaa naanneefamee murame irraa eegaluudhaan isa jalqabaatiin wal
xuqsiisuu
Gurra lameen erga muranii booda gaafa lameen jalaan gara funyaaniitti baqaqsuu (gogaan
mataas barbaadamaa dha.)
Haala kanaan gogaa foonicha irraa baasuu, hojmaata sirriitti yoo hojiirra oolchine gogaa
boca gaarii qabu omishuu ni dandeesisa.
B.Beeylada xixiqqaaf
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Akkuma beeylada guguddaa miila irra gara gadiitti baqaqsuu
Gogaa harkisuudhaan cinaacha irraa baasuu fi foon akka irra hin jiraanne gochuu
Cinaachi gra tokkoo yeroo ennaa irraa baafamu namni tokko waxxaree qabuu barbaachisa
B. Beeyladaa xixinnaaf
Foddaa
Bal’ina meetira 3
Gadifageenya meetira 3
Bl’ina meetira 2
Hojjaa meetira 2
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Gadifageenya meetira 1.5
Meeshaaleen keessatti itti fayyadaman (minjaala, farda mukaa itti irraa coccophsan,
sheelfii) guutamuu qabu.
Ashaboo baay’isuu ykn akkamalee xiqqeessuu fi itoo sirriitti irraa hin coccophiin
daradaruu
2. Qilleensaan goggosuu
Ashaboodhaan qopheessuu፡
Akkaataa qophii
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Millonni akka wal hinxuqne wadaroowwan lameen gara gadii jiran irra kaa’uu
Ribraaba kal’ee ፡
Bal’ina meetira 2
Ribraaba gogaa :
Bal’ina meetira 2
Bullaa’ina ashaboo
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Madardaraa omisha ashaboo yookiin qillensan qophaa’e irratti daradaruuf yookiin
kuusuuf tajaajilan
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• Qabiyyee bishaanii hanga %45-50 gadi buusuu
• haala ho’ina, jiidhinaa fi qilleensa’uu naannichaatu murteessa, kun yoo sirraa’e sa’aatii
muraasa keessatti goggoga
• Gogaan kallattiin ifa aduutiin wal arguu hin qabu, dirii fi maagiin isaa ni jabaata, dibatini
irratti hafe baquudhaan bishaan akka keessaa hin baane godha.
• Goggogiinsi suuta kan deemu yoo ta’e, bishaanichi keessaa bahuun dura tortoruu
jalqabuu danda’a, (qilleensa jiidhaa fi dilallaa’aa)
• Kunis gogaa jajjabaataa fi caccaabaa ta’u godha, keessi isaasi akka hin goggogne godha.
• Rakkon kun jiraachuun kan beekamu yoo lammata bishaan keessa cuuphamuu dha.
• Wanti akka haphee ta’e kun bishaan keessa cuuphamee ennaa maama’u, grain isa
jedhamu irratti uraawwan ni mul’atu, yookiin hafatni garain ni bada yookiin bifa akka
copha bishaanii qabata
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3.2.8 Akka itti ribraaba gogaa fi kal’ee qilleensan gogoogeef tolchan
❑ Ribraaba kal’ee
❑ Ribraaba gogaa
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• Hafteewwan irraa kaasuu
Gogaa loonii
▪ Gogichi baay’ee otoo hin waxxaraminii fi kallattiin ifa aduuf akka hin saaxilamne barbaachisa.
Gogaa loonii
• Ura lama giduu wal irraa fageenya saantii meetira 20 jiraachuu qaba
• Gogaa xiqaaf uraa 15-20, guddaaf 20-30,hoolaadhaaf ammoo 10-12 ta’uu qaba
• Gogaan erga gooda gara rifeensa isaatiin dheerinaan iddoo lamatti dachaasuu
• Gaaddisa jalatti wadaroo rogsadeen goggosuun lafa irratti goggosuu irra wayya
• Walqixxee goggoga naanna’ina qilleensaas ni argata, ta’us iddoo dachaa irratti mallattoo
ni godhata
• Kal’ee rifeensa isaa lama lamaa isaa walitti deebisuun iddoo afuritti dachaasaa
• Gogaa hanga olka’iinsa meetira 1.5 ‘tti qofa, leexoo hanga ol ka’iinsa meetira tokkootti
daradaruudhaan tuuluu
• Lafti isaa akka bishaan hin galchinetti liishoo yoo ta’e filatamaa dha.
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4. Gogaan Foon Irraa Erga Baafameen Booda Qophii Godhamuu Fi Gara Gabaatti
Geejjibuu
• Gogaan akka foon irraa baafameen yoo miccame filatamaa dha. Gara foon isaa
jechuudha.
• Haftee foonii irraa kaasuu ( Fleshing) ሃፈትተ haftee foonii f coomaa gogaa irraa
kaasuu/baasuu (cinaacha, gateettii fi duboo irraa) barbaachisa
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Gogaa minjaala diriiraa irratti diriirsuu
• Aaduu qara qabuun haftee foonii fi coomaa gogaa irraa kaasuu/ baasuu
• Haalli mijataa yoota’uu baate gogicha balleessuu manna irraa kaasuu dhiisuun ni
filatama
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• Meeshaa waliin fe’amuu hin qabu. Summiin isaa balaa geessisuu ni danda’a.
• Zayitaa fi gaazii / naaftaa wajjin fe’amuu hin qabu. Gogaa balleesa waan ta’eef
• Gogaan ashaboo dibamee qophaa’e isa qilleensan goggoge waliin fe’amuu hin qabu,
ta’ullee haalli nama dirqisiisu jira taanan kan ashaboodhaan qophaa’e jalatti, isaa
qilleensan goggoge gubbaatti gochuudhaan fe’uun ni danda’ama.
• Gogaa fi kal’ee goggogaa yoota’e haala rirrigamuu hin dandeenyen fe’uu dha.
• Kal’ee yoo ta’e haala sadarkaa isaaniitiin korojoo keessatti laaffisanii hidhuu barbaachisa.
(Korojoo tokko keessa kal’ee 20)
4.1.4 Meeshaalee adda addaa qophii gogaa fi kal’ee keessatti ittiin hajjatan
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4.1.5 Meeshaalee gogaa foon irraa baasuuf ittiin hojjachuun dhorkame
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5. Gogaa fi Kal’ee Sadarkeessuu
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❑ Hubachiisa: kal’een baca badaa qabu, kan lafa irratti qopheeffame fi kan aaran
goggogfame sadarkaa gatamuu keessa gala. (classified as Rejects)
Dogggora fi mudaa
Kaayyoo istaandardii kanaaf dogoggoraa fi mudaan kal’ee bakka jahatti qoodamu
❑ Mudaa fayyaa beeyladaa waliin wal qabatan: dhibeewwan, godaannisa, abbaa sangaa,
ullufa (dhiita’a) fi kkf
❑ Mudaa haala horsiisa beeyladaa irraa dhufan: gubaa, (hot iron or chemical brands,
freeze branding etc)
❑ Mudaa ilbiisa fi maxxantuu irraa dhufu: shilmii, injiraan, cittoo, raammoo, fi kkf ❑
• Kan ennaa beeyladni lubbuun jiruu: gogaa bishaan naqate, kan qunca’e,
• kan bishaan imimman cophsu, miidhama adda addaa,
• kan gaafaan waraaname,
• kan shiboodhaan waraaname, fi kkf fi/ykn
• kan yeroo qalmaa uumame: urata, muramaa,
❑ Mudaa yeroo qopheessuu hunda: (All kind of preservation defects)
• tortoruu,
• halluu keemikaalaa,
• rifeensi irraa qunca’uu,
• Diimachuu fi kkf. (Putrefaction, chemical stains, hair slip, red heat, etc.)
• faltii,
• mallattoo fincaanii,
• ashawaa,
• awwaara fi kkf
Kal’ee Sadarkeessuu (Claassification of Skins)
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Kaayyoolee istaandardii kanaaf Sadarkeessun akkaataa sadarkaalee afran armaan gadiitiin kan
raawwatamu ta’a.
• Kutaa giddugaleessa kal’ee irratti mudaa ijaan mul’atu kan hin qabne
• Mallattoo tortoruu kan hin qabne
• Xurii irraa kan qulqulluu ta’e
❑ Gara qarqara kal’eetti ykn miilaa fi eegeetti yeroo dhufnu ammoo, mudaa armaan gadii
keessaa TOKKO QOFA kan qabutu fudhatama qaba. a. Mudaa muraasa dhibeen
uumame
b. Mudaa muraasa maxxantuun uumame
c. Mallattoo gubaa tokko
d. Madaa tokko
❑ Mudaa gara qarqara kal’eetti ykn miilaa fi eegeetti argaman irratti dabalataan mudaan
gateettii fi garaa irra jiru ni fudhatama argata.
a. Mudaa dhibeedhaan dhufe muraasa
b. Mudaa maxxantuudhaan dhufe muraasa
c. Mallattoo gubaa tokko
d. Madaa ykn miidhama tokko, mallattoo tortoruu muraasa fi xuriin muraasni gara
qarqara kal’ee miila fi eegee irratti fudhatama ni qabaata.
• Mudaa Sadarkaa lammaffaa keessatti eeraman irratti dabalataan mudaan armaan gadii
baay’ina gadaanaa ykn giddugaleessan kutaa kal’ee baay’ee gaarii ta’e (tafa) irratti
fudhatama ni argata:
a. Mudaa dhibeedhaan dhufe muraasa
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b. Mudaa maxxantuudhaan dhufe muraasa
c. Mallattoo gubaa muraasa
d. Madaa ykn miidhama tokko,
• Mallattoo tortoruu fi xuriin muraasni kutaa kal’ee baay’ee garii ta’een (butt) irratti
fudhatama ni qabaata.
• Hubachiisa: Mudaan kal’ee irra jiru hundi walitti qaama kal’ee waliigalaa keessaa %25
(should not cover more than 25 % of the total area of the skin!) ol uwwisuu hin qabu ykn
kanaa ol uwwisa taanan fudhatama hin qabu jechuudha.
5.2.1Sadarkaa tokkoffaa
Sadarkaa tokkooffaan akkaataa haalduree armaan gadiitiin kan raawwatamu ta’a:
5.2.2Sadarkaa lammaffaa
Sadarkaa lammaffaan akkaataa ulaagaalee armaan gadiitiin kan raawwatamu ta’a:
Haala gaariin kan qophaa’e (well cured)
Mallattoo Tortoruu Kan Hin Qabne
Bollawa xiqqoo ykn urata muraasa kan qabu ykn mudaa biraa garee tokkoffaa fi
lammaffaa dugda irraa kan qabu
Mudaa garee tokkooffaa fi lammafaa –gubaadhaan ala-
Garaa fi morma irraa mudaa afur kan qabu,
Daangaa gogaa seenti meetira 18 irratti guba tokko kan qabu
Yoo baay’ate urata kudhan ykn urata sirriitti hin mul’anne digdama. (With a
maximum of ten open warble or twenty blind warbles,)
Iddoon xurii faltii fi fincaan looniitiin xuraa’e saantiii meetira (sm) 30 x 30 luka lamaan
duubaa irraa kan hin caalle.
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Iddoon xurii faltii fi fincaan looniitiin xuraa’e kan sadarkaa lammaffaa irratti fudhatama
qabuun ol kan caale.
Boci isaa baay’ee badaa kan ta’e ykn gogaa baay’ee xuraa’e
Bal’ina gogaa irraa hanga %50 mudaa gosa kamiyyuu kan qabu.
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