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 CHAPTER 2
Family Development: Continuity and Change

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

1. Become aware of how a family moves through family life cycle stages.
2. Learn about the mastery of developmental tasks for individuals and families. Understand
that family life cycle transitions often are defined by the addition or subtraction of family
members (birth, marriage, and death).
3. Normalize the fact that moving from one stage to another within the family life cycle is
rarely a smooth process.
4. Understand that changing demographics and family types have called for a greater
understanding of the complexities of applying the family life cycle to all families.
5. Become familiar with how individual developmental processes interact with the family life
cycle.
6. Learn the family stage markers for forming and nesting of the gestational stage of family
development.
7. Know the middle stages of the family-separation processes—entrances, expansion, and
exits.
8. Learn the finishing stages of the Family Life Cycle.
9. Become familiar with family transitions and symptomatic behavior such as anxiety and
stress.
10. Learn about Evelyn Duvall’s classic eight stages of family development and Barnhill and
Longs’ transition points through the life cycle. Explain how these were pivotal theoretical
advances in understand family stage theory.
11. Appreciate what horizontal and vertical stressors are and how they differ from each other.
Understand that therapists will work with stressors on both axes.
12. Be able to objectively critique the family life cycle model and understand its limitations.
13. Clarify the concept of discontinuous change between stages and underscore Breunlin’s
ideas of oscillation between stages, including the vacillation between more and less
competent behaviors.
14. Explain Laszloffy’s critique about the specific generational limitations of the family life
cycle model.
15. Recognize the developmental sequences of intact families as a starting point. Realize that
other family types will also have specific phases that need to be attended to by helping
professionals.
16. Become familiar with the phases of divorce and the families that are led by a single-parent.
17. Learn to understand the dynamics and processes involved in the remarried or blended
family.
18. Gain awareness about gay and lesbian families in order to have a more informed
understanding of gay and lesbian parenting.
19. Understand the oppressive cultural influences that affect the way in which gay and lesbian
families negotiate nodal family life cycle transition points.

KEYWORDS/FILL IN THE BLANK

1. _____________________ The series of longitudinal stages or events that mark a family’s

life, offering an organizing schema for viewing the family as a system proceeding through
time.
2. _____________________ A higher-level system in which other systems represent
component parts and play subsystem roles.
3. _____________________ Problems to be overcome and conflicts to be mastered at various
stages of the life cycle, enabling movement to the next developmental stage.
4. _____________________ A three-person system, the smallest stable emotional system;
according to Bowen, a two-person emotional system, under stress, will recruit a third
person into the system to lower the intensity and anxiety and gain stability.
5. _____________________ A post divorced family structure in which the former spouses
reside in separate households and function as two separate units; although living separately,
their nuclear family is thus restructured but remains intact.

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. Critique the stage model by identifying some of the strengths and potential weaknesses of
looking at a family with this particular framework.
2. Define the role of culture in the family life cycle. How does it strengthen or weaken a
family’s resources through transition periods.
3. Do you agree that all families go through a family life cycle? Should family scientists try
to understand the observable and definable transition periods that all families go through?
Why or why not?
4. As a helping professional what do you anticipate are the most difficult family life cycle
stages? Why? How do you anticipate drawing attention to life cycle issues in the therapy
room?
5. Discuss how gay and lesbian families are the same and potentially different than
heterosexual families. How might a family therapist approach do therapy with such a
family? Give an example.
GROUP/DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES

1. Have random students identify the stage of development their own family is currently at.
Ask, “Is it possible that one member of your family sees themselves as being in a very
different stage than you? How?”
2. Play: Name that stressor. Prepare on cue cards (or write on the board) a random list of
stressors, both vertical and horizontal. Have the students identify the stressor as either
vertical or horizontal according to the reading in the chapter. Throw in some trick questions
(stressors that might be both) for the purpose of discussion. Wrap up by facilitating a
discussion on the topic of, “How helpful is it to classify these stressors as either vertical or
horizontal?”
3. Invite a panel of gay and/or lesbian adults to the class to discuss the family life cycle and
how “coming out” and subsequently living openly has affected the life cycle. (You will
need to prepare the guests and familiarize them with the life cycle stages prior to the
activity.)
4. Discuss the impact of natural disasters on family development (i.e., hurricanes, tornadoes).
Then, contrast natural disasters with man-made trauma, sexual assault, war, mugging, etc.
to see how the family life cycle is impacted differently.
5. Briefly have pairs of students discuss the developmental sequence of their family of origin,
noting how their family moved through the transition points.

GLOSSARY TERMS

binuclear family: A post-divorced family structure in which the former spouses reside in separate
households and function as two separate units; in living separately, their nuclear family is thus restructured
but remains intact.
developmental tasks: Problems to be overcome and conflicts to be mastered at various stages of the
life cycle, enabling movement to the next developmental stage.
family life cycle: The series of longitudinal stages or events that mark a family’s life, offering an
organizing schema for viewing the family as a system proceeding through time.
joint legal custody: A term used in the law to denote the rights of divorced parents to share in certain
major decisions (e.g., religious upbringing or choice of schools) regarding their children.
strategic: A therapeutic approach in which the therapist develops a specific plan or strategy and designs
interventions aimed at solving the presenting problem.
structural: A therapeutic approach directed at changing or realigning the family organization or structure
in order to alter dysfunctional transactions and clarify subsystem boundaries.
suprasystem: A higher level system in which other systems represent component parts and play
subsystem roles.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
ignition systems; Transmission; Tractor arrangement; Lubrication;
Tractor operation; Engine maintenance; Locating trouble; Causes of
trouble. The book is indexed and carefully illustrated.

[2]
WHITMAN, WALT. Gathering of the forces. il
2v *$15 Putnam 814

The books contain the editorials, essays, literary and dramatic

reviews and other material written by Walt Whitman as editor of the
Brooklyn Daily Eagle in 1846 and 1847. The editors of the collection
are Cleveland Rodgers and John Black, the latter contributing a
foreword, inspired by the spirit of Whitman, and the former a sketch
of Whitman’s life and work. The contents fall into seven parts with
classification of the articles as follows: Part 1—Democracy: American
democracy; Europe and America; Government; Patriotism. Part 2—
Humanity: Hanging, prison reform, unfortunates; Education,
children; Labor, female labor; Emigrants; England’s oppression of
Ireland. Part 3—Slavery and the Mexican war: The extension of
slavery; The union of states; War with Mexico; The Oregon boundary
dispute. Part 4—Politics; Political controversies; Two local political
campaigns; Civic interests; Free trade and the currency system. Part
5—Essays, personalities, short editorials; General essays;
Personalities of the time; “The art of health”; Short editorials;
Whitman as a paragrapher. Part 6—Literature, book reviews, drama,
etc. Part 7—Two short stories not included in Whitman’s published
works: The love of Eris; A legend of life and love. The books are
illustrated and indexed.

Reviewed by E. F. Edgett
 Boston Transcript p4 D 24 ’20 1550w

“To those who knew him only by his great and minor poems or by
the stories of his vanities and eccentricities, these volumes will be a
revelation. They reveal his soul as it grew; and nothing will be more
surprising than their conventional form, their respect for the current
conventions of morality, and their unforced and clear style.” M. F.
Egan

+ N Y Times p2 Ja 2 ’21 3000w

“It is a human document, a great side-light on Whitman’s poems,

and incidentally, a mine of information on a host of matters of
temporary and local interest.” F: T. Cooper

+ Pub W 99:168 Ja 15 ’21 600w

WHO was who. *$6.50 Macmillan 920

(Eng ed 20–14622)

“This book fills the gap between the standard biographical

dictionaries and the current Who’s who. It contains the notices,
reprinted from former volumes of Who’s who, of those more or less
well-known persons who died between 1897 and 1916, with the dates
of their deaths. It runs to nearly eight hundred pages of small
type.”—Spec
 “There is no reason why ‘Who was who’ should not be a democratic
work instead of what it is now. There is even no reason why it should
not be readable. Accidental exclusion must always occur; deliberate
ought never. We commend to the editors the ‘Modern English
biography’ of Frederic Boase, as a model of hard fact, of brevity, and
yet of amplitude. At the same time, we recognize the greatness of
their task and the great usefulness (in the right quarter) of their
volume.”

+ − Ath p79 Jl 16 ’20 280w

Reviewed by Ralph Bergengren

Boston Transcript p4 S 22 ’20 2250w

+ − Sat R 130:40 Jl 10 ’20 370w

“As a work of reference it will be found exceedingly useful, all the

more because many of the persons named will never figure in the
‘Dictionary of national biography’ if, as we hope, that great work
should be continued.”

+ Spec 124:88 Jl 17 ’20 90w

“Apart from its utility as an indispensable book of reference for the

man of affairs, ‘Who was who’ will remain as a permanent store
house of information about the personalities of one of the most
important and critical epochs of British history.”

+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p458 Jl 15

’20 220w
 WIDDEMER, MARGARET (MRS ROBERT
HAVEN SCHAUFFLER). Boardwalk. *$1.60
(3½c) Harcourt

20–773

Omitting all the rose-garden atmosphere of her novels, Margaret

Widdemer has written a series of short stories about boys and girls of
high school age. The scene is one of the summer resort towns along
the Atlantic coast during the months of the year when the boardwalk
belongs to the young people who live there the year round. The titles
are: Changeling; Rosabel Paradise; Don Andrews’ girl; Black magic;
The congregation; The fairyland heart; Good times; Oh, Mr
Dreamman; Devil’s hall.

“Clear cut, interesting little sketches into which the same people
step again and again until one knows quite the whole village.”

+ Booklist 16:173 F ’20

“We must admit of them all that they piece together with their
small tragedies and happinesses into what seems a very truthful
representation of an American town. Whether or not these stories
meet with the immediate popularity of ‘The rose garden husband,’ it
must be conceded that Miss Widdemer has done a more difficult
thing and revealed a more mature and a surer art.” D. L. M.

+ Boston Transcript p6 Ja 21 ’20 850w

“It is a sordid, tawdry, unwholesome atmosphere, the sort of

atmosphere that one would shun if the ideas back of the stories and
their psychology, for they are primarily stories of character, were not
really interesting. Is the skill with which it is done a sufficient excuse
for painting dead fish and tinsel?”

− + Ind 102:374 Je 12 ’20 190w

“Her delving into the substrata of inarticulate being is sometimes

faltering, and her presentation of the less obvious springs of human
emotion is not always convincing, but her distinct penchant for
transferring to paper the elusive quality of personality is
undeniable.”

+ − N Y Times 25:145 Mr 28 ’20 650w

“On the whole, it is a strong and searching collection.”

+ Springf’d Republican p11a Mr 7 ’20

420w

WIDDEMER, MARGARET (MRS ROBERT

HAVEN SCHAUFFLER), comp. Haunted hour.
*$1.75 Harcourt 821.08

20–5609

The little volume presents an anthology of ghost-poems and

contains only such poems as treat of the return of spirits to earth.
Even so no attempt has been made at inclusiveness, but the
selections range from the earliest ballads to the present time. With
an opening poem by Nora Hopper Chesson: “The far away country,”
the poems are arranged under the headings: “The nicht atween the
sancts an’ souls”; “All the little sighing souls”; Shadowy heroes;
“Rank on rank of ghostly soldiers”; Sea ghosts; Cheerful spirits;
Haunted places; “You know the old, while I know the new”; “My love
that was so true”; Shapes of doom; Legends and ballads of the dead.
There is an index.

+ Booklist 16:272 My ’20

+ Nation 111:278 S 4 ’20 70w

“A most unusual anthology of real merit and charm.”

+ Springf’d Republican p10 Ap 29 ’20

120w

WIDDEMER, MARGARET (MRS ROBERT

HAVEN SCHAUFFLER). I’ve married Marjorie.
*$1.75 (3c) Harcourt

20–13699

Married in haste, Marjorie Ellison has had ample leisure to repent

while her soldier husband has been away in France. Now on the eve
of his return she is badly upset at the thought of the reunion. When
Francis comes, it is as bad as she had feared. With the best intentions
on both sides, he frightens her, and she hurts him. Hot tempers and
strained nerves almost complete a tragedy of separation. But Francis
is really in love with Marjorie and so he ventures on an experiment
before giving her up entirely. In a delightful spot in the Canadian
woods, his scheme is tried out, a scheme which leads through storm
and stress to final joy and happiness for both.

“This will be liked by young girls and many women, though some
readers will find it light and sentimental.”

+ − Booklist 17:75 N ’20

“Her theme in ‘I’ve married Marjorie’ is cut from the sheerest

gossamer material. Also it possesses all the old essential ingredients
of cuteness, wistful humor and the necessary serious touch that
brings the theme to a sweet conclusion. But there is a sparkling
sanity about it.”

+ N Y Times p27 Ag 22 ’20 550w

“A lively and amusing tale. Not a big book nor a provable story, but
agreeable ‘summer reading.’”

+ Outlook 126:67 S 8 ’20 80w

Wis Lib Bul 16:196 N ’20 70w

WIENER, LEO. Africa and the discovery of

America. 2v ea $5 Innes & sons 970

20–7013
 The book is archaeological and etymological, showing how many of
the plants believed to have been indigenous to America, and how
much of the language and customs of the Indians, have an African
origin. Besides a long list of the sources quoted, illustrations, a word
and a subject index, the book contains: The journal of the first
voyage and the first letter of Columbus; The second voyage; Tobacco;
The bread roots.

“It is unfortunate that one so well trained in this field of study

should not have undertaken to present his material in a more logical
and readable manner. He is not always convincing, and is often
dogmatic.” E. L. Stevenson

+ − Am Hist R 26:102 O ’20 550w

“It is not to be expected that a work like this can pass

unchallenged, and the soundest of criticism and the most profound
of scholarship should be invoked before an exact estimate can be
made of its value. But the erudition displayed in this volume is
enough to make us wait with impatience Professor Wiener’s second
volume.” G. H. S.

+ Boston Transcript p8 N 13 ’20 1050w

“Worthless as a scholarly contribution, the book provides the

psychologist with a valuable example of distorted erudition and
methodological incompetence.”

− Dial 69:213 Ag ’20 90w

“His book indicates the widest scholarship.” W. E. B. Du Bois

 + Nation 111:350 S 25 ’20 390w

WIGMORE, JOHN HENRY. Problems of law;

its past, present, and future. *$1.50 Scribner 340

20–26999

“Professor Wigmore discusses the law’s evolution, its mechanism

in America, and its problems as they relate to world legislation and
America’s share therein. These lectures constituted one series of the
Barbour-Page foundation lectures at the University of Virginia.” (N Y
Evening Post) “It is assumed by Dean Wigmore that a new age is at
hand, for which a considerable amount of new legislation will be
required, and in view of this fact he urges that our legislators must be
made experts ‘(1) by reducing their numbers, (2) by giving them
longer terms, (3) by paying them enough to justify it [that is,
apparently, the work of legislation] as a career for men of talent, (4)
by making their sessions continuous.’” (Review)

“Three clarifying lectures for the thoughtful layman.”

+ Booklist 17:96 D ’20

“Dean Wigmore demonstrates anew the wide range of his

intellectual rummaging and the queer quirks of his marvelous mind.
The second lecture on ‘Methods of law making’ is intelligible and
sensible.”

+ − Nation 111:568 N 17 ’20 500w

 + N Y Evening Post p26 O 23 ’20 90w

Reviewed by E: S. Corwin

Review 3:449 N 10 ’20 250w

WILDE, OSCAR FINGALL O’FLAHERTIE

WILLS. Critic in Pall Mall. *$1.50 Putnam 824

(Eng ed A20–616)

A selection from the reviews and miscellaneous writings of Oscar

Wilde made by E. V. Lucas. The papers were contributed to the Irish
Monthly, Pall Mall Gazette, Woman’s World and other journals and
date from 1877 to 1890. At the end under the heading Sententiæ Mr
Lucas has grouped a number of briefer extracts from other reviews.

“The extent to which Wilde was a deliberate poseur is made very

clear by this book, for here there is very little pose. In these reviews,
chiefly from the Pall Mall Gazette, we see Wilde as a critic with
strong common sense, general good taste and with an outlook on life
and literature sufficiently ordinary to be indistinguishable from that
of half-a-hundred other critics of his time and of ours.”

+ − Ath p1258 N 28 ’19 600w

“It has all his delights and all his superficialities and all his faults.”

+ − Dial 69:212 Ag ’20 110w

 “There is nothing especially characteristic about the collection
except, perhaps, a lightness of touch that distinguishes its contents
from the ordinary book-review, and while they reveal the delicacy of
Wilde’s taste and the sincerity of his delight in art and letters they
reveal his limitations, also, and the shallowness of his intellectual
draught.”

+ − Freeman 1:430 Jl 14 ’20 250w

“There is certainly no adequate reason why these forgotten

writings of Oscar Wilde should be sought out and set in order, and
sent forth in a seemly little tome of two hundred pages. Their
resurrection does not add anything to his reputation, nor does it
detract anything. It does not enlarge our knowledge of the writer or
cast any new light upon the character of the man.” Brander Matthews

− + N Y Times 25:69 F 8 ’20 3400w

“These modest criticisms impress one collectively as good-natured,

orthodox, and sensible. Its art vibrates between distinction and
mediocrity—which is another way of saying that it is
undistinguished.”

+ − Review 3:152 Ag 18 ’20 330w

“Collections of this kind usually do no honour to their author. But

in this case the result is a contribution to literature; in the first place,
because the selection has been made by Mr E. V. Lucas, and in the
second place, because it illustrates not only Wilde’s gift for perverse
banter, but also his genuine scholarship and his ability to perform
plain, downright work in an honest, craftsmanlike way.”
 + Spec 124:492 Ap 10 ’20 1450w

“These chapters are slight, but they are models of literary criticism
of the less formal and serious type. Apart from style their superiority
over the contemporary causerie lies chiefly, perhaps, in the cultivated
background that they denote in the writer and presuppose in the
reader.”

+ Springf’d Republican p8 Je 10 ’20 800w

The Times [London] Lit Sup p605 O 30
’19 1350w

WILDMAN, EDWIN. Famous leaders of

industry. il *$2 (3c) Page 926

20–3587

This is a book for boys about boys who have gained success,
wealth, honor, and prestige in the business world. It contains more
than twenty-six sketches of successful men, among them: Philip
Danforth Armour—California pioneer and Chicago packing king; P.
T. Barnum—the world’s greatest showman; Alexander Graham Bell—
immortal telephone inventor, and humanitarian; James Buchanan
Duke—American tobacco and cigarette king; Henry Ford—the
Aladdin of the automobile industry; Hudson Maxim—poet,
philosopher, and wizard of high explosives; John Davison
Rockefeller,—oil king and world’s greatest industrial leader; John
Wanamaker—America’s foremost retail merchant and originator of
the department store; Orville and Wilbur Wright—who achieved
immortal fame as airship inventors. A portrait accompanies each
sketch.

+ Booklist 16:317 Je ’20

“In these conventionally laudatory portraits of a group of

American inventors and business men there is no departure from the
old Sunday school type of ‘helpful’ stories for the young except in a
decided journalistic snappiness of style.” E. S.

+ Survey 44:323 My 29 ’20 140w

WILKINSON, MRS MARGUERITE OGDEN

(BIGELOW). Bluestone. *$1.50 Macmillan 811

20–11184

A volume of lyrics. In her preface the author touches on the

relation of lyric poetry to music as she employs it in the composition
of her poems. Contents: Bluestone; Songs from beside swift rivers;
Songs of poverty; Preferences; Love songs; Songs of an empty house;
Songs of laughter and tears; Whims for poets; California poems; The
pageant.

“Songs with a wide appeal because they are mostly ‘themes of the
folk.’ The appreciation of nature and outdoor feeling are keen.”

+ Booklist 17:63 N ’20

 “There is an undoubted poetic element in these poems of Mrs
Wilkinson, but it is dew rather than flame. And being excellently
even in craftsmanship, there is no poem that fails to satisfy the
reader’s interest in being what it is.” W: S. Braithwaite

+ Boston Transcript p6 Jl 31 ’20 1050w

“Marguerite Wilkinson has decided moral and metrical spring

without conspicuous originality; though she is deeply touching here
in Songs of an empty house, on the childless state.” M. V. D.

+ − Nation 111:248 Ag 28 ’20 70w

“Mrs Wilkinson undoubtedly possesses a deal of talent; it is

evident throughout her work, cropping out in felicitous stanzas here
and rhythmical lines there, but she allows an occasional triteness to
retard the success of the book as a whole.”

+ − N Y Times p16 N 7 ’20 590w

Spec 125:280 Ag 28 ’20 560w

WILLARD, FLORENCE, and GILLETT,

[2]
LUCY HOLCOMB. Dietetics for high schools. il
*$1.32 Macmillan 613.2

20–12948

“Home economics teachers will be interested to learn that a much

needed textbook of dietetics has recently appeared. The content of
the book is especially significant in view of the experience of both
authors as teachers of the subject and of one of them as worker with
actual problems of malnutrition and of family feeding on low
incomes in the Association for improving the condition of the poor.
The book starts with a comparison of the weights and heights of the
girls in the class with the standards for their ages. Following this is a
study of food values as to fuel, protein, mineral, vitamines, and the
requirements of a good diet. Following the general study of the basis
for planning meals, the authors make an interesting and concrete
section of the book by selecting a family containing children of
various ages and discussing the marketing problems of this family.
The high-school girl thus makes application of her earlier nutrition
study to actual food purchase for the family’s need.”—School R

“This book is a distinct contribution to the very small group of

elementary textbooks in nutrition. The work is accurate and up-to-
date. The points are supported and illustrated by suitable tables and
charts in such number as to constitute a unique feature of a
beginner’s book in nutrition. One specially commendable feature is
the fact that it may be used quite as appropriately as a textbook for
boys as for girls.” M. S. Rose

+ J Home Econ 12:513 N ’20 300w

“A splendid and thoroughly scientific body of material makes the

book a well-rounded and teachable text.”

+ School R 28:798 D ’20 360w

WILLIAMS, ARIADNA TYRKOVA- (MRS

HAROLD WILLIAMS). From liberty to Brest-
Litovsk. *$6 Macmillan 947

19–18461

“This is a narrative of events from the first uprisings of the

revolution in March, 1917, to the ratification of the peace with
Germany a year later. Herself a member of the Petrograd municipal
council and the Moscow conference, Mrs Williams has described in
detail the cabinet crises and political vicissitudes of the provisional
government and the steady trend of the socialist center toward
bolshevism. Less complete is her account of the first months of the
bolshevist régime and its negotiations with Germany at Brest-
Litovsk.”—Survey

Ath p1275 N 28 ’19 220w

“Although the book is emotionally coloured with righteous anger

and hatred towards the Bolsheviks, we cannot but welcome it as an
honest attempt to narrate the history of the first year of the Russian
revolution.” S. K.

+ − Ath p1367 D 19 ’19 1100w

“The facts here recorded will be most impressive to all who keep
even an approximately open mind on the Russian question.”

+ − Ind 102:66 Ap 10 ’20 150w

 “She might have made her book a skilful and telling arraignment of
her political opponents if she could have restrained her quite
intelligible hatred and indignation. She betrays her prejudice and
weakens her case most seriously in loading on the Bolsheviki the
blame for all that Russia has suffered since the beginning of the
revolution.” Jacob Zeitlin

− + Nation 110:399 Mr 27 ’20 360w

“When we had finished this long book of Mrs Harold Williams, we

asked ourselves why it left us with the taste of the dust of Dead Sea
apples. The answer is, we believe, that nothing is so barren as
perpetual denunciation. Only a political controversialist could be
quite so self-blind as Mrs Williams.”

− Nation [London] 26:402 D 13 ’19 700w

“This book may be recommended as a storehouse of facts, and it is

to be hoped that the author will in due course produce another
volume, bringing the story down from Brest-Litovsk to the present
day.”

+ Sat R 129:62 Ja 17 ’20 540w

“She shows an intimate knowledge of the political convulsions of

1917, and she describes them in a clear and forcible style. The
dominant note of the book is amazement that the Russian people,
with their many good qualities, could have allowed themselves to be
dominated by a gang of scoundrels.”

+ Spec 123:579 N 1 ’19 1450w

 “Partisan and patriot Mrs Williams is, and the reader will not find
in her description of the storm-tossed waters of the revolution any
clear perception of its deeper currents. But the reader will find in her
book a useful chronicle of events and an interesting and vivid
representation of the political kaleidoscope and of the opinion of no
small part of the Russian intelligentsia during that momentous year.”
Reed Lewis

+ − Survey 44:48 Ap 3 ’20 200w

“A connected account of the first phase of the Russian revolution

has been badly needed. Mrs Williams has a clear picture in her own
mind of what led to Bolshevism, and her main theme is easy to trace
throughout the book. In these days, when many English liberals join
in the foolish denunciation of nearly all Russian liberals as counter-
revolutionaries without examining the positive side of their policy, it
is useful to see the aims and policy of the provisional government
clearly and sympathetically restated.”

+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p618 N 6

’19 1000w

WILLIAMS, BEN AMES. Great accident. *$2

(1½c) Macmillan

20–5226

This is a story of American provincial politics and of education

gone wrong. The way Winthrop Chase, junior, had been brought up
by a well meaning father and mother had brought out strongly the
negative side of his character. He always did the thing he was told
not to do and was fast becoming a drunkard. Shrewd old Ames
Caretall, congressman, returns from Washington just as a mayoral
election is coming on. He resolves to take a gambler’s chance with
young Wint and uses his influence to have him elected mayor over
the head of Wint’s own father. How the “joke” does the trick, knocks
manhood into Wint, and develops him into a sober, unusually
decent, honorable and lovable character is the burden of the story.

“This town and its inhabitants stand out with remarkable

clearness, and it is well worth while for English men and women to
read of it. They will see for themselves how different is their country
from that huge one which speaks the same language.” O. W.

+ Ath p16 Ja 7 ’21 1300w

+ Booklist 16:315 Je ’20

“This is a capital story. There are a number of well-drawn

subsidiary personages, making the life of the small town vivid and
often amusing. Its atmosphere is distinctive and typical.” N. H. D.

+ Boston Transcript p4 S 4 ’20 650w

Dial 69:211 Ag ’20 110w

“It is a perfectly good idea and the characters are interesting

enough, but the author seems to be a little bit tired; it all needs to be
keyed up to a higher pitch.”

+ − Ind 103:53 Jl 10 ’20 110w

 “It will go far toward dispelling in the average reader’s mind the
illusion that a realistic presentation of American life must necessarily
be dull, morbid and unduly sophisticated.”

+ N Y Evening Post p3 My 1 ’20 600w

“The merit of the tale lies in its portrayal of small town life, of the
men who control or try to control the political destinies of the
friendly little town of Hardiston, and in an easy and agreeable style.”

+ N Y Times 25:163 Ap 11 ’20 400w

“Two romances and a broad vein of humor balance the political

narrative, making an entertaining if rather unlifelike American tale.”

+ − Springf’d Republican p8a S 19 ’20 420w

WILLIAMS, GAIL. Fear not the crossing. $1.25

(9c) Clode, E. J. 134

20–1895

A series of spirit communications given to the author through

automatic handwriting by the spirit of a man who had but recently
died, and who found it at first very difficult to adjust himself to
conditions on the other side. The messages are given from day to
day, and describe the life beyond death, its great beauty, satisfying
joy, its boundless service for others, and its superiority to our flesh-
bound existence. Advice is given too for our greater serenity of the
spirit while still in the flesh. Think of God, pray to Him, in order that