ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

v Students will be able to explain the

concepts of EMS (Environmental
Management System)

v Students will be able to discuss the EIA

(Environmental Impact Assessment)
process

v Students to identify the environmental

aspects and the potential impacts in their
particular industries
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
v What is EMS?
- a framework used by an organization to identify, manage and reduce
environmental impacts of its operations and activities to deliver services
- it also serves as a tool to address risk associated with threats and take
advantage of opportunities in the workplace

v What is ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 14001:2015

and its relevance to EMS?
- a certification that aims to provide organization a structure for EMS to
ensure that all operational processes are consistent, effective and will achieve
its environmental objectives

v Is the DENR implementing the EMS?

- In December 2015, the DENR became the first government agency in
the country to be certified under the new version of ISO 14001:2015
- In December 2018, the agency was recertified, audited and awarded
with Certificate No. PH16/1341, valid until January 2022
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

v Why are we implementing EMS?

1. Ensure that processes and activities are in accordance with good
environmental management consistent with ISO 14001:2015;
2. Become a role model of and influence other government agencies
and the private sector to practice sound environmental performance
in their offices.
3. Be more efficient; and
4. Practice self-regulation.

v What are the benefits and advantages of EMS?

Through EMS, environmental aspects can be controlled hat will lead to:

1. Prevention of environmental liability;

2. Improvement of environmental performance;
3. Provision of assurance to stakeholders;
4. Lower environmental risk;
5. Favorable experience in Quality Management System; and
6. Competitive advantage.
 KEY EMS CONCEPTS
Most EMS models (including the recently issued
ISO 14001 Standard) are built on the “Plan, Do,
Check, Act” model. This model endorses the
concept of continual improvement.
To build and sustain an effective EMS, management must
communicate to all employees the importance of :
• making the environment an organizational priority
(thinking of effective environmental management as fundamental to the
organization’s survival)
• building environmental management in everywhere
(thinking about the environment as part of product and process
development, among other activities)
• looking at problems as opportunities (identifying problems, determining
root causes and preventing their recurrence)
STEP-BY-STEP ACTION PLAN

The first step in the EMS-building process is gaining top management’s

commitment to supporting the EMS.

The champion should have the necessary authority, an understanding of the

organization, and project management skills.

Costs will likely include staff and employee time, training, some consulting assistance,
materials, and possibly some equipment (such as a computer or word processor). The
schedule should consider the various tasks described below, among others.

A team with representation from key management functions and production

or service areas can identify and assess issues, opportunities, and existing
processes.

Employees are a great source of knowledge on environmental and health &

safety issues related to their areas as well as on the effectiveness of current
processes and procedures.
 STEP-BY-STEP ACTION PLAN

Evaluate your organization’s structure and its procedures, policies, environmental impacts, training programs,
and other factors.

The modified plan should describe in detail the key actions needed, who will be responsible, what
resources are needed, and when the work will be completed.

This might involve modifying existing environmental procedures or adapting other business procedures (such
as quality or health & safety management procedures) for EMS purposes. In some cases, you might need to
develop new procedures

While you will likely need to modify your EMS over time, try to avoid making your EMS so rigid that you must
change it frequently to reflect the realities of your operation.

As a first step, train your employees on the EMS, especially with regard to the environmental impacts of their
activities, any new / modified procedures, and any new responsibilities.

Assessment of EMS performance provides the opportunity to improve the system and your environmental
performance over time.
KEY ELEMENTS OF EMS
E N V I R O N M E N TA L P O L I C Y
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY EXAMPLES
E N V I R O N M E N TA L A S P E C T S A N D
I M PA C T S

Your EMS should include a procedure to identify the environmental

aspects that your organization:

• can control, and

• over which it can have an influence.
 TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFYING AND
EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
 TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFYING AND
EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
SCORING GUIDE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS EVALUATION
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SYSTEM

EIS (Environmental Impact Statement)

Ø supplementary document, which is prepared for every proposed ECP or project found within an ECA
Ø contains the probable impacts of the project which have been discerned from conducting the EIA
Ø full-blown study that establishes detailed baseline characteristics of the land, air, water, biota and people in the host
site and vicinities of a proposed project
Ø Shall provide detailed statement on the following:
 W H AT I S A N E I A?

v Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process that involves predicting and evaluating
the likely impacts of a project on the environment (land, water, air, flora, fauna and people) at
various stages (construction, commissioning, operation and abandonment) of the project
development.

v Detailed study to determine the type and level of effects an existing facility is having, or a
proposed project would have, on the environment.

v It also involves the development of appropriate preventive, mitigating and enhancement

measures that will protect the environment from the identified impacts. These measures are
formulated into environmental management and monitoring plans.
 W H AT I S A N E I A?

v EIA process is implemented by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Environmental
Management Bureau(EMB) - Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (PEISS)

PD 1586 (PHILIPPINE EIS SYSTEM)

Ø established on 11 June 1978
Ø Established to facilitate the attainment & maintenance of a rational & orderly balance between
socio-economic growth & environmental protection
Ø introduced the concept of Environmentally Critical Projects (ECP) and projects within Environmentally
Critical Areas (ECA) as projects requiring the submission of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
Ø No person, partnership or corporation shall undertake or operate any such declared ECP or project within an
ECA without first securing an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC)
 ENVIRONMENTALLY CRTICIAL PROJECTS
AND AREAS

PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION 2146

- “Proclaiming Certain Areas and Types of Projects as Environmentally Critical and Within the Scope
of the Environmental Impact Statement System under PD 1586”
- issued on December 14, 1981
- identified the ECPs and categorized into (1) heavy industries; (2) resource extractive industries,
and (3) infrastructures projects, and ECAs
ENVIRONMENTALLY CRTICIAL PROJECTS
AND AREAS
 ENVIRONMENTALLY CRTICIAL PROJECTS
AND AREAS
Environmentally Critical Areas. An area is considered an environmentally critical
area (ECA) if it exhibits any of the following characteristics:
(i)
areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves, and
sanctuaries;
(ii)
areas set aside as aesthetic, potential tourist spots;
(iii)
areas which constitute the habitat for any endangered or threatened species of
indigenous Philippine wildlife;
(iv) areas of unique historic, archeological, geological, or scientific interests;
(v)
areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes;
(vi) areas frequently visited and or hard-hit by natural calamities (geologic hazards,
floods, typhoons, volcanic activity, etc.);
(vii) areas with critical slopes;
(viii) areas classified as prime agricultural lands;
(ix) recharged areas of aquifers;
(x) water bodies;
(xi) mangrove areas; and
(xii) coral reefs.
 W H AT I S A N E C C ?
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE
Outlines the commitments of the proponent
which are necessary for the project
§ to comply with existing environmental
regulations or
§ to operate within the best environmental
practice that are not currently covered by
existing laws
VALIDITY OF THE ECC
§ Once project is implemented, ECC remains
valid and active for the lifetime of the
project (unless otherwise specified);
§ The continued validity of the ECC sustains
the active commitments of the Proponent
to comply with ECC conditions and with
environmental regulations
CONTENTS OF THE ECC
§ Scope of project or undertaking
§ Conditions conformed by the proponent to
implement mitigating measures for
potentially negative impacts and
enhancement measures for potentially
positive impacts
§ Recommendations to concerned
permitting, deciding and monitoring
entities
EXPIRATION OF THE ECC
§ Not implemented w/in 5 years from ECC
issuance
P E N A LT I E S

Violations against the rules and regulations

issued by the NEPC and non-compliance of the
terms and conditions in the issuance of the
ECC 0r of the standards shall be punished
through:
1. Suspensions or cancellation of the
ECC
2. Fine in amount of not exceeding Php
50,000.00

The amount that will be generated from

the penalties shall be automatically
appropriated into an Environment
Revolving Fund.
EIA PROCESS

Screening is the first stage of the EIA process which results in a key EIA decision, namely to
either conduct the assessment (based on the likely significant impacts) or not conduct it (in
the anticipated absence of such impacts). Screening needs to follow specific procedures often
described in the legislation so all the projects follow the same process.

Key contributions of screening to a good EIA:

•Facilitates informed decision making by providing clear, well-structured, factual analysis of the
effects and consequences of proposed actions.
•Influences both project selection and policy design by screening out environmentally and/or
socially unsound proposals, as well as modifying feasible action.

Scoping is a critical step in the preparation of an EIA, as it identifies the issues that are likely to
be of most importance during the EIA and eliminates those that are of little concern. Scoping is
a systematic exercise that establishes the boundaries of your EIA and sets the basis of the
analyses you will conduct at each stage. A quality scoping study reduces the risk of including
inappropriate components or excluding components that should be addressed. It involves:
•Identifying all relevant issues and factors, including cumulative effects, social impacts, and
health risks.
•Facilitating meaningful public engagement and review.
•Determining the appropriate time and space boundaries of the EIA.
•Identifying the important issues to be considered in the EIA, such as setting the baseline and
identifying alternatives.
EIA PROCESS

This step is the core part of an EIA.

Impact assessment refers to the detailed evaluation of the environmental and social
impacts of the planned project and identified alternatives, compared to the baseline
conditions. This includes qualitative descriptions such as measuring high, medium and
low impacts, and quantitative descriptions, such as indicating the cubic metres of water
withdrawn, sewage produced, and pollutants released. This is done for the planned
project as well as the identified alternatives, allowing for comparisons. Once the
detailed assessment is complete, mitigation measures to reduce or avoid impacts are
identified.

Mitigation refers to minimizing or avoiding the described impacts. Overall, mitigation

measures are a response to the findings of impact assessment; they need to cover all
the areas identified. The key focus of mitigation actions should be on:
•Preventive measures that avoid the occurrence of impacts and thus avoid harm or
even produce positive outcomes.
•Measures that focus on limiting the severity and the duration of the impacts.
•Compensation mechanisms for those impacts that are unavoidable and cannot be
reduced further.

Key impacts and potential mitigation actions often relate to land. Almost all
development proposals involve disturbance of the land surface. This is usually
extensive for major linear projects (roads, pipelines), dams and reservoirs, and large-
scale mining, agriculture, forestry and housing schemes. Environmental impacts of
particular concern can include drainage of wetlands, conversion of natural areas, or
expansion into areas that are vulnerable to natural hazards.
EIA PROCESS

Essentially, impact management is the creation of a series of plans and protocols

aiming to manage and monitor the identified mitigation measures and risks that may
occur over the project lifetime, such as technology failures and natural disasters. Some
of the plans are compulsory, such as an environmental management plan (EMP), which
is required as part of an EIA report in most countries. Other plans are context-specific
and/or depend on guidance from national legislation. For example, if the project takes
place in close proximity to a community, a resettlement plan may be needed; if there
are no communities close by, a resettlement plan would not be necessary. Impact
Management begins during the project’s planning phase and continues on after project
implementation.

The EIA Report is a compilation of several important project components, including

the project description, the assessment of its environmental and social impacts,
mitigation measures, and related management and monitoring plans. During this
step, all the information gathered during the previous steps is compiled into a
comprehensive report that analyzes and synthesizes the data, structuring it as
stipulated in the terms of reference (TOR).

A quality EIA Report has the following characteristics:

•It is well-structured and uses non-technical language supported by data and well-
executed analyses.
•It provides information that is helpful and relevant to decision making.
•It results in the satisfactory prediction of the adverse effects of the proposed actions
and their mitigation using conventional and customized techniques.
EIA PROCESS

Review and Licensing is the final check on the quality of the EIA report submitted to obtain a
project license. Once the EIA report is submitted, designated authorities will usually go through
it thoroughly, weighing the methods used, data, interpretations, measures and conclusions to
assess the impacts of the planned development. Their review will determine whether or not
the project adequately addresses major environmental and social impacts and other risks, and
whether or not to grant a license to the project proponents, or to request project changes. This
means that a good quality EIA might still lead to the planned development not being permitted
to go ahead based on the identified impacts. Often, the review process leads to a requirement
for additional information on potential impacts, mitigation measures or other aspects.

Monitoring provides data on the environmental and social impacts of the project for the whole
project lifecycle. As part of their operations, most development projects involve regular
monitoring of indicators (including such things as quantity of ores extracted, materials
processed, energy used and sewage released, etc.). More specifically, the information collected
during monitoring activities helps to ensure that the priorities listed in the Environmental
Management Plan (EMP), mitigation measures, and contingency plans are properly
implemented, and that these plans and measures are effective in addressing the project’s
impacts.
EIA PROCESS