“A Study on Corporate Social Responsibility of the Tata Group”

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR

Master of Management Studies (University of Mumbai)

2022-2024 Batch

ROLL Number: - C55

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. V. N. BEDEKAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, THANE.
 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

This is to certify project report entitled “A Study On Corporate Social Responsibility of the Tata
Group” which is submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Master
of Management Studies,(University of Mumbai) Dr. V.N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies,
comprises of my original work and due acknowledgment has been made in the text to all other
material used.

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____________________________________
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 CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE

This is to certify that project report entitled “ A Study On Corporate Social Responsibility of
the Tata Group” which is submitted by ROHIT ULHAS SONAWANE in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of Master of Management Studies,(University of Mumbai) Dr.
V.N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies, is a record of the candidate's own work
carried out by him under my guidance. The matter embodied in this report is original and
due acknowledgment has been made in the text to all other material used.

Guide's Name:

Authorized Signatory:

Date:

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 SR.NO PARTICULARS PAGE.
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1 Abstract 4

2 Introduction 5

3 company profile 12

4 Objectives of study 23

5 Literature review 26

6 Research methodology 28

7 Findings 29

8 Conclusion 30

9 Bibliography 31

ABSTRACT: -

Corporate social responsibility is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business

model. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatory mechanism whereby a business monitors
and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards and
international norms. In some models, a firm's implementation of CSR goes beyond
compliance and engages in "actions that appear to further some social good, beyond the

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interests of the firm and that which is required by law." CSR aims to embrace responsibility
for corporate actions and to encourage a positive impact on the environment
and stakeholders including consumers, employees, investors, communities, and others. This
paper moves around developing an understanding about the corporate social responsibility
and understanding its concept and finding out its scope taking the case study of the TATA
Group who has exemplified the sense of responsibility towards the upliftment of common
masses and protection of the environment and development of the nation.

Keywords: corporate social responsibility, stakeholders, development, international norms.

INTRODUCTION

Within the world of business, the main “responsibility” for corporations has historically been
to make money and increase shareholder value. In other words, corporate financial
responsibility has been the sole bottom line driving force. However, in the last decade, a
movement defining broader corporate responsibilities– for the environment, for local
communities, for working conditions, and for ethical practices–has gathered momentum and

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taken hold. This new driving force is known as corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is
oftentimes also described as the corporate “triple bottom line”–the totality of the
corporation’s financial, social, and environmental performance in conducting its business.

Corporate Social Responsibility is a management concept whereby companies integrate

social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their
stakeholders. CSR is generally understood as being the way through which a company
achieves a balance of economic, environmental and social imperatives, while at the same
time addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders. In this sense it is
important to draw a distinction between CSR, which can be a strategic business management
concept, and charity, sponsorships or philanthropy. Even though the latter can also make a
valuable contribution to poverty reduction, will directly enhance the reputation of a company
and strengthen its brand, the concept of CSR clearly goes beyond that.

A properly implemented CSR concept can bring along a variety of competitive advantages,
such as enhanced access to capital and markets, increased sales and profits, operational cost
savings, improved productivity and quality, efficient human resource base, improved brand
image and reputation, enhanced customer loyalty, better decision making and risk
management processes.

MEANING OF CSR
The earliest and most prominent definitions ascribed to CSR is the one given by Howard
Bowen who (Carroll, 1999) refer to as the father of Corporate social responsibility “the
obligations of businessmen to pursue those policies, to make those decisions, or to follow
those lines of action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society”
(Bowen, 1953). All other definitions in the early 50s recognise the need for managers to

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assume responsibility for public good “it has to consider whether the action is likely to
promote the public good, to advance the basic beliefs of our society, to contribute to its
stability, strength, and harmony” (Drucker, 1954). Furthermore, the two definitions are united
on the need to align CSR with what mangers consider as current and prevailing features of
the socio-political environment they operate within. (Carroll, 2008) stated that the whole idea
of CSR in this early period is corporate philanthropy but there are only few actions which can
be regarded as beyond philanthropy in this period.

Corporate Social Responsibility is a management concept whereby companies integrate

social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their
stakeholders. CSR is generally understood as being the way through which a company
achieves a balance of economic, environmental and social imperatives (“Triple-Bottom-
Line- Approach”), while at the same time addressing the expectations of shareholders and
stakeholders. In this sense it is important to draw a distinction between CSR, which can be a
strategic business management concept, and charity, sponsorships or philanthropy.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a self-regulating business model that helps a

company be socially accountable—to itself, its stakeholders, and the public. By practicing
corporate social responsibility, also called corporate citizenship, companies can be conscious
of the kind of impact they are having on all aspects of society, including economic, social,
and environmental.

To engage in CSR means that, in the ordinary course of business, a company is operating in
ways that enhance society and the environment, instead of contributing negatively to them

History Of CSR

The term was COINED FIRST IN 1953. In his publication named SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE BUSINESSMAN, American economist HOWARD BOWEN
coined the term and he is often referred as the father of CSR.

After the effort of Howard Bowen, there was a sort of lull period for the next few decades.
But in1990s, many other economists focused on it. In 1991, University of Pittsburgh

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professor Donna J. Wood published Corporate Social Performance Revisited. He expanded
and improved on early CSR models by providing a framework for assessing the impacts and
outcomes of CSR programs.

In the same year, another professor at the University of Georgia Archie B. Carroll published
an article named ‘The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility’. Since then, the term
‘CSR’ has become an essential strategy for many organizations. India moved ahead and
brought a legal framework to ensure big corporates don’t forget their social responsibilities.

CSR in India

In India CSR is known from ancient time as social duty or charity, which through different
ages is changing its nature in broader aspect. From the origin of business, which leads
towards excess wealth, social and environmental issues have deep roots in the history of
business. India had a long tradition of corporate philanthropy and industrial welfare has been
put to practice since late 1800s. CSR is recognized as an important function contributing to
accelerate the process of overall development of a nation. India being the second most
populous country in the world, and home to the largest number of people in need of basic
amenities, calls for more intensive efforts as part of such initiatives in the healthcare space of
the nation. Indian companies are now expected to discharge their stakeholder responsibilities
and societal obligations, along with their shareholder-wealth maximization goal.

On April 1, 2014, India became the first country to legally mandate corporate social
responsibility. The new rules in Section 135 of India’s Companies Act make it mandatory for
companies of a certain turnover and profitability to spend two percent of their average net
profit for the past three years on CSR.

The Evolution Of CSR In India Can Be Divided into Four Phases.

1. CSR motivated by charity and philanthropy: It was characterized by the

inclination of industrial families of the 19th century such as Tata, Godrej, Modi, Birla,
Singhania towards economic as well as social considerations.

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 2. CSR for India’s social development: The second phase started with the
independence movement where the industrialists were influenced by Mahatma
Gandhi for socio-economic development of the nation. During this phase schools,
colleges, training centre’s etc, were set up by various companies.
3. CSR under the paradigm of the mixed economy: the labor and environment laws
were introduced in an independent India. The CSR activities were mainly taken by the
Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).
4. CSR at the interface between philanthropic and business approaches: the fourth
phase started from1980 till the present. Indian started abandoning their traditional
engagement with CSR and integrated it into a sustainable business strategy.

TYPES OF CSR

1. Environmental responsibility refers to the belief that organizations should behave in

as environmentally friendly a way as possible. It’s one of the most common forms of
corporate social responsibility. Some companies use the term “environmental
stewardship” to refer to such initiatives.
2. Ethical responsibility is concerned with ensuring an organization is operating in a
fair and ethical manner. Organizations that embrace ethical responsibility aim to
achieve fair treatment of all stakeholders, including leadership, investors, employees,
suppliers, and customers. Firms can embrace ethical responsibility in different ways.
For example, a business might set its own, higher minimum wage if the one mandated
by the state or federal government doesn’t constitute a “livable wage.” Likewise, a
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 business might require that products, ingredients, materials, or components be sourced
according to free trade standards. In this regard, many firms have processes to ensure
they’re not purchasing products resulting from slavery or child labor.
3. Philanthropic responsibility refers to a business’s aim to actively make the world
and society a better place. In addition to acting as ethically and environmentally
friendly as possible, organizations driven by philanthropic responsibility often
dedicate a portion of their earnings. While many firms donate to charities and
nonprofits that align with their guiding missions, others donate to worthy causes that
don’t directly relate to their business. Others go so far as to create their own charitable
trust or organization to give back.
4. Economic responsibility is the practice of a firm backing all of its financial decisions
in its commitment to do good in the areas listed above. The end goal is not to simply
maximize profits, but positively impact the environment, people, and society.

SCHEDULE VII OF COMPANIES ACT, 2013 DESCRIBES ACTIVITIES

TO BE UNDERTAKEN AS CSR:

1. Abolishing hunger, poverty and malnutrition, promoting preventive health care and
sanitation & making available safe drinking water;
2. Promoting education, including special education and employment enhancing
vocation skills especially among children, women, elderly, and the differently abled
and livelihood enhancement projects;
3. Promoting gender equality, empowering women,setting up homes and hostels for
women and orphans; setting up nursing homes, day care centres and such other
facilities for senior citizens and measures for reducing inequalities faced by socially
and economically backward groups;

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 4. Ensuring environmental sustainability, ecological balance, protection of flora and
fauna, animal welfare, agroforestry, conservation of natural resources and maintaining
quality of soil, air and water;
5. Protection of national heritage, art and culture including restoration of buildings and
sites of historical importance and works of art; setting up public libraries; promotion
and development of traditional arts and handicrafts;
6. Measures for the benefit of armed forces veterans, war widows and their dependents;
7. Training to improve rural sports, nationally recognized sports, Paralympics sports and
Olympic sports;
8. Contribution to the Prime Ministers National Relief Fund or any other fund set up by
the Central Government for socio-economic development and relief and welfare of
the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, other backward classes, minorities and
women;
9. Contributions or funds provided to technology incubators found within academic
institutions which are approved by the Central Government;

FEATURES OF CSR

1. Environmental protection: -Companies in the business gift sector can do their

bit for the environment primarily by raising awareness among employees, clients and
suppliers. This can be done by way of simple incentives such as installing recycling
dustbins, giving tips on reducing energy consumption, encouraging people to take the
train instead of the car and purchasing sustainable promotional products. Hard-core
ethical companies go even further. They insist on every activity for which the
company is responsible – from importing to production and exporting – fully
complies with environmental standards and legislation.

2. Employee safety and commitment: - Employees should be given the respect

they deserve. A number of scandals have demonstrated that this is not always the
case. Bullying and unsafe workplaces are by no means the exception. Draft an ethical
code and have it signed by all companies. While managers like to be in charge, it has
been proven that employees are more motivated when they are given a share of
responsibility. Most companies organise team-building days to increase employee
commitment. Small companies often lag behind this due to financial considerations,
so you can always give a gift or incentive instead. These do not have to be extremely
expensive gifts of incentives.

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 3. Collaborating with not-for-profit organisations: - While profit is
important to companies, they could share a portion of their profits with not-for-profit
businesses or charitable foundations. Companies can do so in a number of ways. For
example, companies in the business gifts sector can do so by offering not-for-profit
organisations discounts or offering them free printing or printed items. In addition,
they can set up specific projects to support organisations.
4. Sustainable investment and purchasing policies: - More and more
companies are making sustainable investments. This means that they take into account
the economic, social, ecological and cultural impact of their entire processes, both in
the short term and then long term. Campaigns set up by suppliers are carefully studied
to ensure an ethical policy. The various interested parties are interviewed, in order to
look at the various requirements side by side. Also has a sustainable purchasing policy
that investigates how products are manufactured, people’s working conditions, etc.
5. Corporate Governance: - Corporate Governance is a general term for the way in
which companies are managed. Attaches great importance to having an efficient
management team that maintains good relationships will all interested parties.
Scandals such as the Enron scandal that came to light in the past led to changes in
national and international law. Our sector must also comply with the various
requirements and laws that are there to protect everyone

COMPANY PROFILE

Tata Group, privately owned conglomerate of nearly 100 companies encompassing several
primary business sectors: chemicals, consumer products, energy, engineering, information
systems, materials, and services. Headquarters are in Mumbai.

The Tata Group was founded as a private trading firm in 1868 by entrepreneur and
philanthropist Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata. In 1902 the group incorporated the Indian Hotels
Company to commission the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, the first luxury hotel in India, which
opened the following year. After Jamsetji’s death in 1904, his son Sir Dorab Tata took over
as chair of the Tata Group. Under Dorab’s leadership the group quickly diversified, venturing
into a vast array of new industries, including steel (1907), electricity (1910), education
(1911), consumer goods (1917), and aviation (1932).

Following Dorab’s death in 1932, Sir Nowroji Saklatwala became the group’s chair. Six
years later Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata (J.R.D.) took over the position. His continued
expansion of the company into new sectors—such as chemicals (1939), technology (1945),
cosmetics (1952), marketing, engineering, and manufacturing (1954), tea (1962), and
software services (1968)—earned Tata Group international recognition. In 1945 Tata Group
established the Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (TELCO) to manufacture
engineering and locomotive products; it was renamed Tata Motors in 2003. In 1991 J.R.D.’s
nephew, Indian business mogul Ratan Tata, succeeded him as chairman of the Tata Group.
Upon assuming leadership of the conglomerate, Ratan aggressively sought to expand it, and
increasingly he focused on globalizing its businesses. In 2000 the group acquired London-
based Tetley Tea, and in 2004 it purchased the truck-manufacturing operations of South
Korea’s Daewoo Motors. In 2001 Tata Group partnered with American International Group,
Inc. (AIG) to create the insurance company Tata-AIG.

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Core principles of CSR at Tata

1. Beyond Compliance: - While all CSR interventions shall fully comply with the
relevant laws of the land in which they operate, they will strive to meet core needs,
even if it is beyond what is mandated.
2. Impactful: - Interventions will focus on impact on communities and to this end, all
companies will work collaboratively and synergistically on a set of agreed Tata group
Focus Initiatives.
3. Linked to Business: - All companies may seek business benefits and leverage their
core competencies while undertaking CSR activities. However, community benefits
will have to be paramount and clearly defined.
4. Relevant to National & Local Contexts: - The CSR initiatives must be closely
aligned with and relevant to the local and national contexts in which the company is
located.
5. Sustainable Development Principles: - All CSR interventions will follow
sustainable development principles – they will factor social, human rights and
environmental impacts in their design and execution.
6. Participative & Bottom-up: - Communities must be central to the interventions and
they must be actively involved in identifying the issues to be addressed and in the
management and monitoring of the interventions.
7. Focused on The Disadvantaged: - Special care must be taken to ensure that the
needs of the most disadvantaged in the community – in terms of gender, ethnicity,
disability and occupation – are addressed.
8. Strategic & Built to Last: - By design, all CSR initiatives shall ensure that
communities can sustain them on their own, beyond the involvement of the Tata
group. Hence, the initiatives must be part of a long-term CSR strategy.

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 9. Partnerships: - All CSR interventions will be done in partnership with institutions
that are close to the ground – community organisations, NGOs, companies (within &
outside the Tata group) and government: local, state and central.
10. Opportunities For Volunteering: - The CSR initiatives will be designed to provide a
range of volunteering opportunities for Tata employees.

CSR Undertaken by Tata Group

The corporate policy of the group encompasses the sustainable development of all the
stakeholders. The major points included in the corporate policy are following:

 Demonstrate responsibility and sensitivity to biodiversity and the environment

 Comply with rules and regulations relating to environment

 constantly upgrade technology and apply state-of-the art processes and practices with
institutional arrangements that will combat larger issues like climate change and
global warming
 Create sustainable livelihoods and build community through social program
pertaining to health, education, empowerment of women and youth, employee
volunteering,

 Find ways to enhance economic human, social and natural capital for bringing and
maintaining a balance among business, society and environment.

Contributions for the National Development Highlights:

Tata Health Infrastructure

 Tata main hospital at Jamshedpur

 ICU in Joda and Balangpur
 CHC in Bari and Kuhika
 Hospitals in Gobarghati, Sukinda, Joda, Belpahar,
 Belipada and Bamnipal

Lifeline Express

 The hospital on wheels

 Mobile health clinics
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  Centre for hearing impaired children

Tata Educational Infrastructure

 Institute of mathematics
 Sukinda college
 Joda college centenary Learning centre at XI MB
 JN Tata Technical Education centre
 School of hope
 Shishu Niketan
 Balwadi schools assisted by Tata Steel
 Tata Sports Infrastructure
 Tata athletics academy

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RATIONALE: -

1. A Better Public Image: A corporation’s public image is at the mercy of it’s social
responsibility programs and how aware consumers are of them. If a company is heavily
involved in the practice of donating funds or goods to local nonprofit organizations and
schools, this increases the likelihood that a consumer will use their product. Additionally,
if a corporation takes great care to ensure the materials used in its products are
environmentally safe and the process is sustainable, this goes a long way in the eye of the
public.

2. Better and More Media Coverage: Going along with how the public sees your corporation,
the amount of positive media coverage a corporation receives is extremely important for
business. It doesn’t matter how much your company is doing to save the environment if
nobody knows about it. Make sure you’re forming relationships with local media outlets
so they’ll be more likely to cover the stories you offer them.. How much good a company
can do in the local communities, or even beyond that, is corporate social responsibility.
And the better the benefits, the better the media coverage.

3. Fosters a Positive Workplace Environment: This section is short and simple because it’s just
common sense – employees like working for a company that has a good public image and
is constantly in the media for positive reasons.

4. Corporate Social Responsibility – How Nonprofits Benefit: How corporations embrace corporate
social responsibility in 2015 is also going to be of great importance to the nonprofit
world. Corporate giving programs, which can include everything from matching
gifts to volunteer grants; from team building volunteer efforts to fundraising
events. These types of programs, which vastly increase the public good that corporations
are doing, are vital to nonprofit organizations because of the great monetary and volunteer
implication

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ADVANTAGES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

1) Improves the image of a business

CSR tasks reflect positively on the image of a firm. When you carry out CSR policies in your
company, it increases your goodwill. Customers will be a lot more happy to avail your
products/services because of the tidy image of your company. Xerox, via its Area Involvement
Program, had had the ability to clear out a socially responsible image of the organization, by
directly engaging their workers in area development programs.

2) Aids draw in as well as preserve potential workers

Companies which are involved in serious CSR activities are extra well-known. This makes it
much easier for your firm to bring in possible prospects that look for employment possibility.
Additionally, when your business starts gaining goodwill through substantial CSR activities,
the employees are more probable to proceed with the company for a much longer period.
Millennials usually prefer organizations where they have a flexible job society as well as they
are able to really feel excellent in working with the organization. The organization’s beliefs
and value let the employees gain a level of self pride.

3) You get into the good publications of regulatory authorities

It is the job of the regulatory authorities to scrutinize the operations of different companies.
However, when your business starts doing CSR tasks on a large scale, these regulatory
authorities become much less aggressive in the direction of your business. Besides, any firm
that has a solid CSR typically stays within the regulations to gain the advantages.

The “The Inglorious Fruit and Vegetable” project led by Take Chipotle focuses on minimizing
food wastes. So it is enhancing Federal government’s efforts to reduce waste load. Exactly
how do you deal with any person, that assists you in your work?. Friendly, right? So does the
Governments and also the Regulatory authorities. As the business gets the acknowledgment of
being trustable, lower number of regulations as well as legal ramifications haunt it.

4) Draws in new financiers

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A business’s online reputation in the marketplace establishes whether it will certainly get new
investments or otherwise. With CSR programs, you can absolutely increase your company’s
picture. And when your company starts to grab adequate eyeballs, it likewise brings in a
number of financiers. Be prepared to get investment proposals from venture capitalists, other
firms, and even from the government

5) An all new means to advertise your brand name

It is commonly claimed that any promotion is excellent publicity. When your business starts a
CSR program, it immediately gives your company a particular level of publicity. It will not be
wrong to call such publicity as an advertisement. You just require to make sure your service or
products are aligned with the CSR tasks you are associated with.

6) It enhances value and also earnings

A CSR strategy focuses on the energy-efficiency techniques, for instance waste reusing that
can lessen the functional costs, while using benefit to the atmosphere. Continuing keeping
that, it will certainly improve an entity’s transparency along with duty with the media
coverage, capital analysts, financiers or proprietors of the firm, and domestic cultures. As an
end result, it enhances the company’s reputational image amongst the proprietors that they
integrating the comparable plan as well as techniques right into their shares option tactics. For
this reason, it would certainly develop into a virtuous circle where the company’s shares’
value would certainly boost, with accessibility to capital investment being eliminated.

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 7) It aid to bring motivation amongst the employees

Practically of the global companies know that employees or the personnel of a firm are
thought about as the most well-regarded resources, which can be considered as an essential
structure of a firm in relation to the CSR compliance. To put it simply, it implies that dealing
with the labor force with utter self-respect as well as regard, offering them preferable
workplace infrastructure, pleasant functioning society, developing fair and impartial hiring
practices, in addition to developing a work environment that does not promote job
discrimination (pertaining to race or sex) is a must. Therefore, concentrating these points
improves the teamwork and also self-confidence amongst the staff members within a good
workplace society.

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DISADVANTAGES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

1) Needs greater prices and expenses

Among the major downsides of implementing CSR plans and also policy is to bear high costs
in connection with install CSR strategies as well as applying it, particularly for small entities.
Whereas, large firms have the capacity to bear such high cost pertaining to the allotment of a
set budget plan to CSR coverage. Also, little entities that comprise of just 10 to 200 personnel
typically experience issues with bringing capital investment. Although they can take into
consideration making use of media coverage to communicate their policy to the domestic
societies and also their prospective buyers, it would be time taking in to handle the
modifications, which would certainly entail hiring of additional team, suggesting additional
incomes expenses. In addition, there is a common thinking that the high expenses of CSR
would certainly lead to the decline of little entities as bulk of them can not consider the
required spending plan to be socially responsible. According to the critics, these entities does
not have capacity to bear the high costs of social media sites services, devices, as well as
training sessions called for to meet the social responsibility.

2) Can enhance investor’s resistance

While several investors are attracted to grab shares in entities that are publicly responsible,
bulk of them would consider for investment with the hope of creating high profits. Besides,
while couple of organizations have developed reasonable earnings from CSR, others that take
into consideration such a strategy always show as probable to shed cash money source.
Considering to document of CSR in establishing development in earnings, investors
concentrate efforts by entity managers to advance their business because path the spotty
course .

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3) Promotes Greenwashing

Based on the doubters, CSR can be considered a method that could result in ineffectiveness,
discussing that it can result to green-washing. They shows that an entity’s management labor
force has inefficient duty to its capitalists, which is straight contradicting by CSR plans. They
additionally focus that the accountability of senior monitoring to their investors is to boost
earnings, and also executives that emphasize on producing massive revenue for the culture and
also their work. Hence, this is the main intention why some entities suggest regarding such
plan, but would certainly not do anything or take action concerning it.

4) Client can become impatient

Everyone will certainly value you for adopting CSR program for the business at the beginning.
Actually, it can gain your firm a substantial quantity of popularity on the market for being
connected with an excellent reason. However, if the program does not provide instant
outcomes, people might assume this is nothing but a Public Relations stunt. That won’t benefit
your business’s track record.

5) Shift in the profit-making goal

Financial expert Milton Friedman typically criticized CSR by stating that it shifts the
company’s emphasis of the profit-making goal. For any type of monetary entity, profit-making
is miraculous priority. However, when you obtain involved in CSR tasks, you require to
reduce on the earnings margin, which can make your shareholders miserable.

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OBJECTIVES Of Study

 To understand the importance of CSR

 To know how Tata group of industries has fulfilled its responsibility towards its
stakeholder, employees,

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CLASSIFICATION OF CSR

1. Responsibility toward employee

As employee is the most important part of the organisation , the responsibility towards
employee is also very important. Following are some of the important responsibilities
towards employees.

 Timely payment
 Hygienic environment
 Good and impartial behaviour
 Health care through yoga
 Recreational activities
 Encouraging them to take part in managerial decisions

2. Responsibility towards shareholders

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Taking responsibility of corporate entity to safeguard the shareholders ‘investment and make
efforts to provide a reasonable return on their investment.

IMPORTANCE OF CSR

“It’s all about the bottom line”. There are few people, whether in the private or public sector,
who hasn’t heard that phrase. Because the bottom line refers to the last line of a financial
statement, it has traditionally been the ultimate measure of short and long-term organizational
decisions, referring to the economics of costs and revenue. Corporate Social Responsibility,
as a strategic practice, is key to organizational success because it is one of the few practices
that can positively impact all three elements of the Triple Bottom Line, contributing to a
healthy bottom line and long-term sustainability. An effective CSR strategy must consider
alignment with the organization’s business strategy, commercial added value, and
sustainability of impact. The benefits of an effective CSR approach to an organization can
include:

 Stronger performance and profitability

 Improved relations with the investment community and access to capital
 Enhanced employee relations and company culture
 Risk management and access to social opportunities
 Stronger relationships with communities and legal regulator

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LITERATURE REVIEW

1. The Economic Times (11 Jan.2020), news highlighted about the company Dell’s
strategy of motivating its employees in initializing CSR. The news discussed that
company’s employees are the power that forced the company to do more for the
society. Company with its employees has engaged in social responsibility activities in
the areas of education, environment and employee’s welfare. Beside Dell Company,
the news also discussed about other companies like Maruti and Godrej that these
companies also provide induction training to its employees for preparing them for
community services. Maruti Company run a program named e- parivartan for a group
of employees to make them aware about community problem and their solution.

2. Bansal, Parida, Kumar (2020), paper entitled “Emerging trends of Corporate Social
Responsibility in India” in KAIM Journal of Management and Research analyzed 30
companies of 11 sectors listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange with the help of their
annual reports. Some of these sectors were Transport Equipment sector, Finance and
Metal Mining sector, IT & Power, Capital goods, Telecom, Housing, FMCG, Oil &
Gas and Cipla. The paper considered the nature and areas of society in which the
companies are investing. By considering all those areas it was concluded in the paper
that today companies are not working only to earn profit but also have realized the

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 importance of being social friendly. So, on the basis of the paper it can be said that
social responsibility has now started taking a turn in the new direction.

3. Harish Kumar (2021) in his research article entitled “CSR Revisited” has thrown
lights on four different approaches of companies towards CSR viz; Good Governance,
Ruinous CSR, Discretionary CSR, and Illusion CSR. He also tried to highlight
argument against the CSR as well as the CSR driver. The researcher also found eight
factors that drive the CSR initiatives. They are Philanthropic Attitude, Governmental
Actions, Environmental Concern, Ethical Consumerism, Crises and Calamities,
Globalization and Market force, Social Awareness & Education, and Social
Expectation.

4. Harbajan Bansal, Vinu Parida and Pankaj Kumar (2022) in their paper entitled
“Emerging trends of CSR in India” analysed 30 companies of 11 sectors listed in the
Bombay Stock Exchange with the help of their annual reports. Some of these sectors
were Transport Equipment sector, Finance and Metal Mining sector, IT & Power,
Capital goods, Telecom, Housing, FMCG, Oil & Gas, Cipla etc. The study concluded
that the companies today are working not only to earn profit but have also realized the
importance of being social friendly. Social Responsibility today has started taking a
turn in the new direction.

5. Bhattacharyya & Chaturvedi (2023), article entitled “CSR looks set to emerge as an
independent stream with measurable output” on India CSR site, stated about the
proposed bill of CSR that how the bill will affect the company’s policies. The
researchers presented their views and said that due to this bill, company’s activities
will change a lot the companies who has not engaged in CSR activities till now, will
start investing on society. Further, who has already engaged in these areas will get a
strong foundation or bond with the society.

6. The economic Times (2020), news highlighted the views of former president Dr. APJ
Abdul Kalam in a CSR award function organized by industry body Assocham. Kalam
said that companies should devote some part of its goal to corporate services. It should
make mandatory for all the companies to spend a percentage of its profit on corporate
social responsibility. Kalam also discussed about the proposed bill on corporate
spending on CSR. They assumed greater importance of CSR in building the lives of
the country’s citizens. An article published in The Economic Times named as “CSR: A
cloak for crooks” on 21 Oct. 2012 explored that there are so many companies which
have engaged in Corporate Social Responsibility yet they are suffering from financial
crisis , fraud and other unsocial causes. In this article, an example has been taken about
the company Satyam Computer Services. The company has won several awards in the
area of CSR which includes rural communities commitment and services like
healthcare, education and water.

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 7. Agunis, glovas (2022), Paper entitled “what we know and don’t know about corporate
social responsibility: A review and research agenda” in Journal of management, based
on 588 journal articles and 102 books. The study provided a framework of CSR
actions which affects external as well as internal stakeholders and outcomes of such
actions. The paper also enhanced the knowledge regarding levels, forms of CSR; need
to understand CSR with outcomes etc. further the researcher also suggested a
framework of research design, data analysis and measurement for future research of
CSR.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Secondary data inclusive of quantitative and qualitative data as well collected from various
sources including books, research papers, newspapers, magazines, and websites is used for
the purpose of study.

Research Design: Research design refers to the overall strategy utilized to carry out
research that defines a succinct and logical plan to tackle established research question
through the collection, interpretation, analysis, and discussion of data. Research design refers
to the framework of market research methods and techniques that are chosen by a researcher.
The design that is chosen by the researchers allow them to utilise the methods that are
suitable for the study and to set up their studies successfully in the future as well.

Secondary Sources
Data collected from: -

 Journals
 Articles
 Magazines

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  Books
 Internet

FINDINGS OF STUDY

 Social involvement of Tata business has enhanced a harmonious and healthy

relationship between the society and business seeking mutual benefit for the both.
 This Social involvement of TATA groups may create a better public image and
goodwill for the company which further becomes instrumental in attracting
customers, efficient personnel and investors.
 Many of the people agree 29.13% That corporate responsibility of Tata group has
attracted more employees and only few people disagree 17.48% to it And only few
people have a neutral it 25.24% option for it.
 Most of the executives at Tata sectors with higher education are more aware of
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) while those with less knowledge are lesser
aware of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
 Tata Companies are found to have motivated to practice CSR equally due to Image
buildings, increase in profits and vision of the firm.
 CSR practice gives competitive market advantage as it help the organization to
improve its image as well to attract more customer attentions by these activities.
 According to my survey it has been found that the important reason for company to
get involved in CSR activity is to help society and the environment and to increase

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 their income and many people have a basic reason that it may improve the image of
the company and only few people agree to the fact that it attracts customers.
 Awareness of Tata CSR and, clarity of its meaning is both important for the
executives and managers to understand its implications.

CONCLUSION

The study of this paper is conducted on corporate social responsibility of Tata group by using
these responses collected in the form of primary data for the period of 2021. There were
totally 103 respondent’s majority of the age group 25 to 36 i.e., 32.04% belonging to the
occupation or professional as students and employees Considering the long run growth and
sustainable development following the norms of CSR, devising new policies and effective
implementation is inevitable to bring and sustain a balance between corporate world and
society, present generation and upcoming generation, man and nature. As far as the Tata
group is concerned, it has been very sincere and honest in fulfilling its duty and responsibility
towards the social development. It has reached the masses to improve their life standard, to
help their dreams come true and to exploit their employable skills. The CSR activity must be
based on the size and working style of the organization. Greater the size of the company,
higher will be its CSR program and vice-versa. There is a need to create knowledge amongst
all the stakeholders and win the confidence of localities to develop a conducive environment

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in the society. It is an integral part of the business houses to increase the understanding and to
involve all the stakeholders for the holistic development of the society. CSR cannot be
successful unless it is ethical, social, and moral towards social and economic development
and thereby make a stronger society. I can conclude that more challenges might come in the
longer run and further study can be done on the various parameter.

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