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Content
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1 Introduction
2 Formulas of RLC parallel Circuit
3 Phasor Diagram for a Parallel RLC Circuit
4 Applications of RLC circuit
5 Conclusion
6 References
 Introduction
An RLC circuit is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor (R),
an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C), connected in series or in parallel. The name
of the circuit is derived from the letters that are used to denote the constituent
components of this circuit, where the sequence of the components may vary
from RLC.

A series RLC network (in order): a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor

The circuit forms a harmonic oscillator for current, and resonates in a manner
similar to an LC circuit. Introducing the resistor increases the decay of these
oscillations, which is also known as damping. The resistor also reduces the peak
resonant frequency. Some resistance is unavoidable even if a resistor is not
specifically included as a component.

RLC circuits have many applications as oscillator circuits. Radio

receivers and television sets use them for tuning to select a narrow frequency
range from ambient radio waves. In this role, the circuit is often referred to as a
tuned circuit. An RLC circuit can be used as a band-pass filter, band-stop
filter, low-pass filter or high-pass filter. The tuning application, for instance, is
an example of band-pass filtering. The RLC filter is described as a second-
order circuit, meaning that any voltage or current in the circuit can be described
by a second-order differential equation in circuit analysis.

The three circuit elements, R, L and C, can be combined in a number of

different topologies. All three elements in series or all three elements in parallel
are the simplest in concept and the most straightforward to analyse. There are,
however, other arrangements, some with practical importance in real circuits.
 Formulas of RLC parallel Circuit

Impedance:

Pay attention to that the final equation for a parallel RLC circuit produces
complex impedances for each parallel branch as each element becomes the
reciprocal of impedance, (1/Z). The reciprocal of impedance is commonly
called Admittance, symbol (Y).
In parallel AC circuits it is generally more convenient to use admittance to solve
complex branch impedance’s especially when two or more parallel branch
impedances are involved (helps with the math’s). The total admittance of the
circuit can simply be found by the addition of the parallel admittances. Then the
total impedance, ZT of the circuit will therefore be 1/YT Siemens as shown.

Power Factor:
The power factor for this circuit is

Cos θ = Z/R
Resonance Frequency:
When inductive reactance XL & capacitive reactance Xc of the circuit is equal.

Where
● L = Inductance of inductor
● C = Capacitance of capacitor

Quality Factor:
It is the ratio of stored energy to the energy dissipated in the circuit.

Bandwidth:
B.W = fr / Q

Resonant Circuit Current:

The total current through the circuit when the circuit is at resonance.
At resonance, the XL = XC, so Z = R

IT = V/R

Neper Frequency for Parallel RLC Circuit:

Resonant Radian Frequency for Parallel RLC Circuit:

Voltage Response:
 ● Over-Damped Response
When
ω02 < α2
The roots s1 & s2 are real & distinct

● Under-Damped Response
When
ω02 > α2
The roots s1 & s2 are complex & conjugate of each other

● Critically Damped Response

When
ω02 = α2
The roots s1 & s2 are real & equal.

Phasor Diagram for a Parallel RLC Circuit

We can see from the phasor diagram on the right-hand side above that the
current vectors produce a rectangular triangle, comprising of hypotenuse IS,
horizontal axis IR and vertical axis IL – IC Hopefully you will notice then, that
this forms a Current Triangle. We can therefore use Pythagoras’s theorem on
this current triangle to mathematically obtain the individual magnitudes of the
branch currents along the x-axis and y-axis which will determine the total
supply current IS of these components as shown.
Admittance of a Parallel RLC Circuit

The unit of measurement now commonly used for admittance is the Siemens,
abbreviated as S, (old unit mho’s ℧, ohms in reverse). Admittances are added
together in parallel branches, whereas impedances are added together in series
branches. But if we can have a reciprocal of impedance, we can also have a
reciprocal of resistance and reactance as impedance consists of two
components, R and X. Then the reciprocal of resistance is
called Conductance and the reciprocal of reactance is called Susceptance.
Conductance, Admittance and Susceptance
The units used for conductance, admittance and susceptance are all the same
namely Siemens (S), which can also be thought of as the reciprocal of Ohms or
ohm-1, but the symbol used for each element is different and in a pure
component this is given as:

Admittance (Y):
Admittance is the reciprocal of impedance, Z and is given the symbol Y. In AC
circuits admittance is defined as the ease at which a circuit composed of
resistances and reactance allows current to flow when a voltage is applied
taking into account the phase difference between the voltage and the current.

The admittance of a parallel circuit is the ratio of phasor current to phasor

voltage with the angle of the admittance being the negative to that of
impedance.
Conductance (G):
Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance, R and is given the symbol G.
Conductance is defined as the ease at which a resistor (or a set of resistors)
allows current to flow when a voltage, either AC or DC is applied.

Susceptance (B):
Susceptance is the reciprocal of of a pure reactance, X and is given the
symbol B. In AC circuits susceptance is defined as the ease at which a reactance
(or a set of reactance) allows an alternating current to flow when a voltage of a
given frequency is applied.

Susceptance has the opposite sign to reactance so Capacitive susceptance BC is

positive in value while Inductive susceptance BL is negative in value.

Applications of RLC circuit

low pass filter

high pass filter

band-pass filter

oscillator circuit
For applications in oscillator circuits, it is generally desirable to make the
attenuation (or equivalently, the damping factor) as small as possible. In
practice, this objective requires making the circuit's resistance R as small as
physically possible for a series circuit, or alternatively increasing R to as much
as possible for a parallel circuit. In either case, the RLC circuit becomes a good
approximation to an ideal LC circuit. However, for very low-attenuation circuits
(high Q-factor), issues such as dielectric losses of coils and capacitors can
become important.

Pulse discharge circuit

An overdamped series RLC circuit can be used as a pulse discharge circuit.
Often it is useful to know the values of components that could be used to
produce a waveform.
Such a circuit could consist of an energy storage capacitor, a load in the form of
a resistance, some circuit inductance and a switch

Variable tuned circuits

A very frequent use of these circuits is in the tuning circuits of analogue radios.
Adjustable tuning is commonly achieved with a parallel plate variable
capacitor which allows the value of C to be changed and tune to stations on
different frequencies. For the IF stage in the radio where the tuning is pre-set in
the factory, the more usual solution is an adjustable core in the inductor to
adjust L. In this design, the core (made of a high permeability material that has
the effect of increasing inductance) is threaded so that it can be screwed further
in, or screwed further out of the inductor winding as required.

Conclusion
In a parallel RLC circuit containing a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor the
circuit current is the phasor sum made up of three
components, IR, IL and IC with the supply voltage common to all three.
RLC parallel circuit have many industrial applications However, the analysis of
parallel RLC circuits is a little more mathematically difficult than for series
RLC circuits when it contains two or more current branches. So, an AC parallel
circuit can be easily analysed using the reciprocal of impedance
called Admittance. Admittance is the reciprocal of impedance given the
symbol, Y. Like impedance, it is a complex quantity consisting of a real part
and an imaginary part. The real part is the reciprocal of resistance and is
called Conductance, symbol Y while the imaginary part is the reciprocal of
reactance and is called Susceptance
 References
Agarwal and Lang book, p. 692.

Kumar and Kumar, Electric Circuits & Networks book, p. 464.

https://parallel-rlc_circuit_and_rlc_parallel_circuit_analysis_(electronics-
tutorials.ws)

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RLC_circuit
Parallel RLC Circuit: What is it? (Circuit Analysis) | Electrical4U

Analysis of a Simple R-L Circuit with AC and DC Supply

(electricaltechnology.org)