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contents
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Verbal Reasoning
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1. Coding-Decoding
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2. Analogy
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3. Classification 3s_~
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4. Alphabet Test
e
44-s·
ad
5. Word Formation
s~-s·
ac
6. Sitting Arrangement '
or sa.,,
\
7. Direction Sense Test
71.~
t
en
8. Number, Ranking and Time Sequence Test

86-~
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9. Puzzles
96-1~
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10. Number Series

107-1~
4 ct
11. Letter Series

89 nta
121-12a
12. Inserting the Missing Character
129-137
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13. Problems Based on Ages

09 s C
14. Blood Relations

138-143
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15. Clock and Calendar 144-159

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160-169
16. Mathematical Operations and Symbol Notations
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17. Logical Order of Words 170-183

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18. Clerical Aptitude 184-188

189-192
ta nd
on a
. Logical and Analytical Reasoning

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19. logical Venn Diagrams

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20. Eligibility Test 193-206

21. Syllogism
207-215
22. Statement and A .
ssumptrons 216-225
226-233
Scanned by CamScanner
23. Statement and Conclusions 234-242
24. Statement and Arguments 243-251
25 · Statement and Course of Action 252-257
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26. Verification of Truth of the Statement 258-260
27 • Data Sufficiency
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261-268
28. Input-Output
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269-282
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Non-Verbal Reasoning
m
1. Mirror Image 285-291
e
ad
2. Water Image 292-296
ac
3. Series 297-317
4. Analogy tor 318-329
en
5. ·Classification 330-337
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6. Paper Folding and Cutting 338-348

7. Grouping of Identical Figures 349-353
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8. Formation of Figures 354-358

4 ct
89 nta
9. Counting Figures 359-365

10. Embedded Figures 366-371
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09 s C
11. Figure Completion 372-383

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12. Figure Matrix 384-389

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13. Cube and Dice 390-398

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Test of Reasoning
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& How to Crack It
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, , ,. ---- -- ...... , Skills in. Reasoning are supposed to be the parameters of how analYt·
.... ' 1
' ,B;dre,ason~ddas ' \ · d of an rn
· d'1v1'd ua I ·1s. It ·1s seen t hat a person wca1
·
m
and discerning the mrn
high level of rea~oning is quit~ successful and ~ell adjusted to t~~
e
wel a~ g both
ad
reasoning d surrounding environment, while a person with low reason·
ossible, an capabilities is not so s~c~essful in life and mal-a~justed to ~~;
ac
are P L · the
this r4~ is f the or
environment around. This 1s why the tests of reasoning have be
foundation o ( devised to ascertain the suitability of a person for ajob. en
t
en
\
ractical side o
' p logic. ~ Test of reasoning is a method of measuring the mental capacities
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includes tests to solve problems and arrive at rational answers ~n~

1
solutions in a logical way.

@
4 ct
89 nta
. Test of Reasoning in Various Competitive Exams

09 o
There is no specific syllabus of Test of Reasoning. The range, depth

09 s C
pattern and format of questions varies from one exam to another. Als~
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the proportion of test items of reasoning out of the total items of the test
changes from.one exam to an?ther. In Management Aptitude Test(MAT),
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there are 40 items of reasoning out of the total of 200 items while in
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different Bank PO Exams almost 50 items are there from reasoning out of
the total 200. A comparison chart is given here:
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S.No. Competitive Examination Total Number No. of Questions from

ta nd
of Questions Test of Reasoning (Approx)

1.
on a
Bank Probationary Officers 200 50-70

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·2. SSC Graduate Level 200 50

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3. MAT 200 40
4. Hotel Management 200 50
5. Inspector of Central Excise/IT 200 80
6. Railway
200 20-30
yoursmahboob. wordpress.com
Section 1 : Verbal Reasoning
A Verbal Reasoning Test is designed to test the ability to analyse the given information in
words, and solve the problems using language-based reasoning framework. \t aims at
evaluating the ability to think correctly and constructively, rather than at simple fluency or
vocabulary power. It also is a test of intelligence, provides an assessment oi individual's
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ability to think logically and solve problems in shortest of time. Verba\ reasoning tests use
words, letters and numbers and require logical reasoning and a reasonable knowledge of
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English language words.
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People generally assume that their verbal reasoning skills are relatively sharp because they
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engage in conversations and engage in at \east some reading of newspapers and magazines
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regularly. The differentiation between someone with poor verbal reasoning and someone
with excellent verbal reasoning ski\\ lies in one's ability to read or \isten critically, and to pick ·
m
out some significant information. Significant information can include known facts, specific
e
opinions, statistics, sources and the like.
ad
This book How to Crack Test of Reasoning comprises of the following 18 chapters of Verbal
ac
reasoning
l . Coding-Decoding
t or 10. Number Series
en
2. Analogy ll. letter Series

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3. Classification 12. Inserting Missing Character

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4. Alphabet Test 13. Problems Based on Ages

4 ct
5. Word Formation 14. Blood Relations

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6. Sitting Arrangement 15. Clocks and Calendar

7. Direction Sense Test
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16. Mathematical Operation

09 s C
8. Number, Ranking and Time Sequence Test 17. logical Order of Words
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9. Puzzles 18. Clerical Aptitude

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Section 2 : Logical and Analytical Reasoning

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"Logical and Analytical thinking is not a magical process or a matter of genetic

endowment, but a learned and cultivated mental prowess."
ta nd
This book aims to make your logical and analytical reasoning abilities more sharp. We a\\
on a
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have these skills, and we yse these many times in our daily Hfe without being aware of this
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fact.
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All the competitive exam papers contain logical and mastering some tricks, and regular
practice of various sub-topical questions could solve analytical test items in the reasoning
section, and these.
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problem -~lvin9 strat~tes. a .
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folkJtt?fl<} chdptffl a~ 2. Eligibility Test
1. Lo~1c.<1I Venn Diagrams 4. Statement and Assurnpr
tons
3. Syllogr!lnl 6. Statement and Arguments
5. S1.1tt>mr nt and Conclusions s. Verification ofTruth ofth
eStat
7. Sratemrnt and Course of Action
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10. Input-Output el"r\el\\
9. D.ita Suffic1tncy
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Section 3 : Non-Verbal Reasoning
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Non-~rbal Reasoning involves the ability to understa~d a~d ~nalyse vi.sual i~forrnation
probl~ms using visual reasoning. For example, identifying relatsonsh1ps, sinn ~"Id
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diff~nc~ ~n shapes and patterns, recognis.ing visual sequences and relations~·arnits
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objtm. and remembering these. It enables candidates to analyze and solve corn 1'Ps
w1t~ut ':'~ing ~pon or being limited by language skills. As the~e tests ~on't requir~ ~x P~
e
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can g1~ 1ns19ht into the abilities of those who have problems with read mg and th· k.ead,"9
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t~ who may lack motivation, and those with specific learning difficulties. In this•n '~g ~
9't d1~rent chapters based on non-verbal problems asked in various competitiv section~
or eexam
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chdpt~ ~
en
It romprist following
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1. Mirror Image 8. Formation of Figure

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l. Water Image 9. Counting Figure

3. Series
4 ct
10. Embedded Figure

89 nta
4. Analogy
11. Figure Completion
5. Classification
09 o
12. Figure Matrix

09 s C
6. Paper folding and Cutting

13. Cube and D ice
29 ote
1· Grouping of Identical Figures

18 N
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S Tips to Crack the Test of Re

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1. Practice hard.
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2. Solve previous year '

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and level ofquest· s questions of that e

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3. Exercise your mem · W e range, type

are always in your cory s? that all the im
4. Practice for d ~nsc1ousness. portant formula and methods
spee with
5. Develop alertn accuracy.
ess and poise.
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Verbal ac
or
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Reasoning
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Coding-Decoding
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Coding is a system of signals. This is a method of transmitting information in
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the form of codes or signals without it being known by a third person.
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The person who transmits the code or signal, is called the sender and the
t
en
person who receives it, is called the receiver. Transmitted codes or signals are
decoded on the other side by the receiver-this is known as decoding.
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In questions on coding-decoding, a word (basic word) is coded in a

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particular way and the candidates are asked to code other word in the same
way. The coding and decoding tests are set up to judge the candidate's ability
4 ct
to decipher the rule that has been followed to code a particular word/message
89 nta
and break the code to decipher the message.

09 o
om. of the English Alphabet

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1
Forward 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
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order
position
x z
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Alphabets A B c D E F G H I ) K L M N 0 p Q R s T u v w y
,
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Backward 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 s 4 3 2
order
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H ere, are some methods/techniques are given below to remember the

ta nd
positions of English alphabets in forward or backward order.

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- yoursmahboob. wordpress. com
How to Crack Test of R~asoning •Verbal
4
5 10 15 20 25
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 J. J. J. .l. .!.
.l. J.J. J. J. J. J. J. E J 0 T y
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CFILORUX
(sounds like a medicine name) (sounds like a girl's nain
. . e Joti)
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• Backward order position of a letter
. =27 - Forward order position of letter
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e.g., Backward order position of B = 27 - Forward order position of B :::: 27
gm
2
muatraUon 1. If CUP= 40, then KITE= ? muatration 2. What is the nurnbe- ""is
r Plac:~
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(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 30 (d) 45 from right side?
3 21 16 (a) 10 . (b) 20 Ill
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Solution (d) As, C U P => 3 + 21 + 16 = 40 (c) 25 (d)
119205 30
e
Similarly, K I T E => 11 + 9 + 20 + 5 = 45 Solution (b) 27 -G =27 - 7
ad
= 20 {lrlliti~
(using forward letter positions)
ac
2. By using V
letten of alphabet in revene order. ·
t or
L G B and X U R O L I F C, we can easily remember th
Q
e Poslu0'- 1
en
v a L G B and x u R 0 L I F c
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J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. .l. .l. .l.

5 10 15 20 25 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
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Wustration 3. If BAG = 71, then VICE = ? Similarly, V I C E

,J, ,J, ,J, ,J,
4 ct
(a) 69 (b) 70 (c) 75 (d) 90

5 18 24 22
89 nta
252620
Solution (a) As, B A G => 25 + 26 + 20 = 71 =5+18+24+22:::69
09 o
(using backward lett

er pas~
09 s C
3. If the sum of two letten is 27, then both letten are at opposite positio0
Some pain of opposite letten can be remembered as given below of each Otht
29 ote
D W (DEW) B y (BY) C X (SIX)

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4 + 23 = 27 2 + 25 = 27 3 +24 = 27
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G T (GTRoad} I R (IndianRailway) M N (MAN)

o: itt
7 +20 =27 9+18 =27 13+14= 27

N Wr
mustratton 4. In a certain code, LAKE is

written as OZPV. How will BACK be in that Similarly,
ta nd
same code?
on a
(a) ZVXP (b) ZVPX 2 1 3 11 24 lf

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ct
(c) VZXP (d) YZPX

B A K xp
2 + 25 = 27
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Solution (c) As, 1+ 26 = 27

12 1 11 5 15 26 16 22 3 + 24 = 27
L A K E z
0 p v 11 + 16 = 27
12 + 15 = 27
1 + 26=27
11 + 16 = 27
5 + 22 = 27
Chapter 1 •Coding-Decoding 5
Types of Questions
Following are the categories/types of questions which are generally asked in various
competitive examinations.
om
Type 1 Letter Coding
l.c
In this type, we deal with questions, in which the letters of a word are replaced by certain
other letters according to a specific pattern/rule to form a code. You are required to detect the
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coding pattern/rule and answer the question(s) that follow, based on that coding pattern/rule.
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Dlustratlon 5. In a certain code language, ITNIETAM
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'PICTURE' is written as 'QHDSVQF'. How
would 'BROWSER' be written in that same
m
code language?
e
ad
(a) CQWTOS (b) CQPVTOS
(c) CQPUTDS (d) CQVPPDS INTIMATE
ac
(e) None of these
Similarly,
Solution (b) Clearly, the letters in the word PICTURE are or
t I
N
moved alternately, one step forward and one step
en
backward to obtain the letters of the code. Thus, we -==~e::-1 vE
vm
have
R
+1
p ~Q Similarly, B c T
@
I
-1
-1
---+H R a B
4 ct
R
+1
89 nta
A
c ~D 0 p
T
-1 E
09 o
T ~s w ----+ v
09 s C
+1 mustratton 7. In a certain code language,

u ~v s T
29 ote
-1 'GIVE' is written as 'VIEG' and 'OVER' is written

A ~a E D as 'EVRO'. How wi\l 'DISK' be written in tha1
18 N
+1
~F s same code?
+9 en
E
(a) SIOK (b) KISD
Illustration 6. In a certain code language,
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(c)KDSI (d) SIKD

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'ITNIETAM' is code for 'INTIMATE', then which (e) None of these

of the following words has the code for Solution (cf) Here,
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ta nd
and
~~i v v
'TREVNIETARBI'?
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(a) INVRETIBRATE (b) INVERTIBARTE E R

V E
C rH
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(c) INVERTIBRETA (d) INVERTIBRATE R C

E G
Fo
(e) INVERITBARTE
Similarly, . o
Solution (d) The letters of the first half and the ne~ half I -::::i....~=----t
of the code are separately reversed to obtain the s

K
word . Thus, we have
.::>t;a1111eu uy val 11.::>t;a1111e1

.wordpress. com
vmentoracademy.com . g. verbal
How to Crack Test of Reasonm
Examtrix.com
6
Important Points
· de language,
Dlld&ratfon 8. In a certain co . ' ICK' be • If rnore rhan o~e codes are given t
5
'BAr Is written as ' YZG'. How will code can be denved from the que '. hel'l tL
. st1on . '1'
1ve 1r mathernar·
written in that same code language? noC
required ro
.
so
. 1ca11 1t~1rat1..r~~,~ pe
eLOCATE1swnrten as981265 Y. e.o "l~(\
(a) HRYV (b) HRZP (c) HRXP cod ands <>-· II\ "'I
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rhe code for CASKET can be derived b P.l\A_~ ~ t~
(d) RHPX (e) None of these
in LOCATE and SPARK. Ye%~~ ph.
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Solution (c) As.
8 A T
y z G • For a word in which a letter rePeats
pacrern repeats for 1nd .letter in the at th
ai
TASTE has code SZRSD, in this cas
.
Word~
e, COd 'tst1
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both 1=ases. So, t he coding pattern is -1 ~ e for I f.
1 + 26 = 27
20 + 7 = 27 be sarne for all the letters. or l , ti.. 11
-~,,
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Similarly.
S I C K A X P Note each Jetter is coded by the lett
m
.. er of
pos1t1on.
e
ad
11 + 16 = 27
ac
or
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Type 2 Direct letter Coding
en
In dir~ct letter coding system, the co~e. Iette~s occur .in the sa:r_ne .sequenc
vm
corresponding letters occur in the words. This is basically a direct substitution Illet}ie as
O(l,
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mustration 9. In a certain code language, mustration 10. In a certain COd'

'STARK' is written as 'LBFMG' and 'MOBILE' is 'SHEEP' is written as 'GAXXR' an~n~ sy
4 ct
'HPXTN'. How can 'SLATE' be w . B

89 nta
written as 'TNRSPJ'. How will 'BLAME' be

written in that same code language? same coding system? ritten in D J
09 o
(a) TSFRJ (b) RPFTJ (c) NJFTP (a) GPTNX (b) GPTXN (c) GPX
09 s C
(d) TSFGJ (e) None of these (d) PTGXN (e) None of th NT

Solution (b) Using direct letter coding method, Solution (a) In both the words 'SHEE:~:nd 'B
29 ote
s ---+ L and M ---+ T letter E is common and code for E .1 ~

18 N
Hence, using direct letter cod·ing m tshsubsm

T---+ 8 0---+ N e Od,we S1
+9 en
A ---+ F 8 ---+ R S ----+ G and B ~ H

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R---+M 1---..S H ---+ A L

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K---+G L---..P E ----+ X E ~ X

E--..x A~r
ta nd
E ---+J
P--..R T~N
Similarly, from the direct codes
on a
Similarly, using the direct codes

C rH
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8 ~ R
S~ G
Fo
L ----+ p
L~ p
A ----+ F
M ----+ T A~ T
E T~ N
~ J
E ~ X
yoursma
Type 3 Number/Symbol Coding
In this type of que t · .h .
alphabetical code 1 tt s ions, . eit er numencal code values are assigned to a word or
e ers are assigned to the numbers.
Dl~tratlon
4 12 9
11. If WORK' is coded as answer the questions given below them by finding
- - -16', then how will you code out which of the digit combinations given in (a),
om
WOMAN'? (b), (c) and (d) is the coded form of the
(a) 4-12-14-26-13 (b) + 26-14-13_12 letter-groups given in each question and mark
l.c
(c) 23-12-26-14-13 (d) 23_15 _1 _1_1 your answer accordingly.
3 4
ai
(e) None of these
Letters P N A J I R E B U K
Solutlon-{a) We have,
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Di its/Codes s 3 9 1 4 6 2 7 0 8
W----+ 4 Hence, w-.... 4
Conditions
•
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0----+ 12 0 -....12
(i) If both the first and the last: letters in the group
A----+ 9 M-.... 14 are vowels, both should be coded as$.
m
K----+ 16 A--.+ 26 (ii) If both the first and the last letters in the group
*.
e
are consonants, both should be coded as
N----+ 3
ad
Here, each letter is coded by the numerical
Dlustratlon 13. KUNAJB
ac
obtained by subtracting its 'position value' in (a) 803917 (b) $0391$
English alphabetical order, from 27, e.g ., W, O, M, (c) #0391# (ci) #0391$
A. N are at 23rd, 15th, 13th, 1st and 14th position in
t or
(e) None of these
alphabetical order. So, their codes are (27-23),
en
muatration 14. RBUKAE
(27-15), (27- 13), (27- 1), (27-14), i.e., 4, 12, 14, 26,
(a) #70892 (b) 670892
vm
13, respectively i.e·., their backward order position.

(c) 670982 (d) 607892
mustratfon 12. If 'RAJU' is coded as (e) None of these
@
11-12-13-14 and 'JUNK' is coded as

Illustration 15. EBNAPl
13-14-10-9, then how will you code 'RANK'?
4 ct
(a) 273954 (b) $7395$

(a) 9-10-11-12 (b) 10-11-12-9
89 nta
{c) #7395# (d) $7395#

(c) 11-12-10-9 (d) 12-11-10-9
{e) None of these
(e) None of these
09 o
Solutions (Illustrations 13-15) We know that. in English

09 s C
Solution (c) We have, alphabets A, E, I, 0, U letters are vowels and

R ~ 11 and J ~ 13 remaining letters are consonants.
29 ote
A~12 u~ 14 13. (c) From condition (ii),

J ~13 N~10 K U N A J B
18 N
U~14 K~ 9 i· i i i i i
+9 en
# 0 3 9 1 #
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Similarly, R ~ 11
14. (b) R B U K A E
N Wr
A~ 12 i i i i i .l.
N~ 10 6 7 0 8 9 2
ta nd
K~ 9 Note This question does not follow any condition.

on a
Here, each letter is assigned a specific value.

C rH
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15. (b) From condition (i),

E B N A P I
Fo
Directions (Illustrations 13-15) Study the following

letters and their correspondiog digits codes ,!. .l. .l. .l. .l. .l.
following by certain conditions of coding and then $ 7 3 9 5 $
vmentoracademy.com
8 How to Crack T'st of R'asoning ·Verbal Examtrix.com
COdlngJNumer•' Coding
Type 4 Declp:lertng M111ege Word ny two messages bearing a c
h codes, a ommon
In this type of questions to analyse sucode word/numeral will represent that word/code.
word/numeral are picked up. The common c combinations
ossible · · 0 f two, th e en tire message can be
Proceeding similarly by picJcjng u~ a~ ~I word/numeral can be found.
om
mcii\fldua
decoded and the codes for every ,. (a) 8
l.c
. ode language, it 6
DluatraUon 18. In a certain c , 'I am (b)
ai
, boy' 'It nit sit means (c) 7
1
p~t ~It' ~eansf ~:follo~ing means 'girl'?
gm
(d) Cannot be determined
girl, which o t (c) sit (e) None of the above
(a) It (b) pit
y@
(d) nit (e) None of these Solution (c) Given,
We~ OJr:;ni ~ £-.~ L!iiJ
m
Solution (d) bOY 7 very
QOpit~--+ ~ ., - ... (i)
e
f:.1 nit @TI --+m. ® [ill---+ Ihard I ~ pays
ad
am g1r sages 9 ... (iO
~
L!!..J
.1,. common1n
bOth the mes
H e
Here. 'it'~ 's'. . 'scommon in bOlh codes. enc • ~
;:...
@---+,c=studY "'-
/'._, E)
ac
4 and work ... (iii)
and'l'and ~ts, . . -
code tor girl will be nit .
11
I a certain code language,
tor In the first and second statements, the common
en
m...vadon ; t"dy very hard', '958' means code digit is '8' and the common word is 'hard'. So
'786' means s u
· ys' and '645' means 'study an
d ·a· means 'hard'. In the first and third statements'
vm
'hard work pa . . h od & the common code digit is '6' and the common word
work'. Which of the following is t e c e ior is 'study'. So, '6' means 'study'.
@
'very'? From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 8--+ hard

From Eqs. (i) and (iii), 6 --+ study
4 ct
Hence, very --+ 7

89 nta
Type 5 SubltfblUOn Coding

09 o
09 s C
In this type, some particular words are assigned with certain substituted names. Now
questions are formed based on that principles. '
29 ote
m...&ration 18. If 'white' is called 'blue', 'blue' Illustration 19. If 'Parrot' is known as 'Peacock'
18 N
Is called 'red', 'red' is called 'yellow', 'yellow' is 'Peacock' is known as 'Swallow', 'Swallow' i~
called 'green', 'green' Is called 'black', 'black' known as 'Pigeon' and 'Pigeon' is known as
+9 en
is called 'violet' and 'violet' is called 'orange', 'Sparrow', then what would be the name of
o: itt
then what would be the colour of human Indian National Bird?

N Wr
blood? (a) Parrot (b) Swallow

(a) Red (b) Green (c) Peacock (d) Pigeon
ta nd
(c) Yellow (d) Violet (e) Sparrow

(e) Orange
on a
Solution (b) We know that, Peacock is the Indian

C rH
Solution (c) We know that, the colour of the human blood

ct
National Bird but here Peacock is known as

is 'reef and given that 'red' is called 'yellow'. So, the Swallow. So, the answer is Swallow.
Fo
COiour of human blood will be 'yellow'.
amScanner
Let us Practice
A. Base Level Exercise
om
1. In a certain code, SOBER is written as 8. In a certain code, 'BELIEF' is written as
RNADQ. How LOTUS can be written in 'AFKKDH'. How would 'SELDOM' be
l.c
that code? (SSC (Multitasking) 2013) written in that code?
ai
(a) KNSTR (b) MPUWT (a) RDKCHL (b) RFKENM
gm
(c) KMSTR (d) LMRST {c) RFKFNO (d) TFKENP
{e) None of these
2. If 'MEAT' is written as 'TEAM' then
y@
'BALE' is written as (SSC <C~L) 2013) 9. In a certain code language
(a) ELAB (b) EABL 'LIEUTENANT' is written as
m
(c} EBLA (d) EALB 1232212021411420, then how 'MANGO'
e
can be written in that code language?
ad
3. If 'WATER' is written as 'YCVGT', then {a) 13114715 (b) 1311474
what is written as 'HKTG'? (SSC (CGL) 2013) {c) 14141375 {d) 13114157
ac
(a) IAFE (b} FIRE
10. If 'DELHI' is coded as '73541' and
(c) REFI (d) EAIF or
t'CALCUTTA' as '82589662', how will
en
4. If the word 'TABLECLOTH' is coded as 'CALICUT' be coded? [MAT 20121
'XEMRANRIXT', how can 'HOTEL' be {a) 5279431 (b) 5978213
vm
coded? [RRB (ASM) 2011) {c) 8251896 (d) 8543691

(a) RIXAT (b} TIXAR
@
(c) TAXIA (d) AAXIT

11. If in a certain code, 'DAUGHTER' is
written as 'TERDAUGH', how will
5. If ' CARING' is coded as 'EDVGKC' ,
4 ct
'APTITUDE' be written in that code?

and SHARES is coded as 'UKEPBO',
89 nta
[SSC (Steno) 2012)

how will CASKET be coded as in the (a) DEUAPTIT (b) UDEAPTIT
same code? [SSC <CPO> 20131
09 o
(c) DUEAPTIT (d) DAUEPTIT

09 s C
(a) EDXIBP (b} EDWIAP

(c) EDWPAI (d) EDWIBP
12. In a certain code, 'TERMINAL' is written
as 'NSFUMBOJ' and 'TOWERS' is
29 ote
6. If DEMOCRATIC is written as written as 'XPUTSF'. How is 'MATE'

EDMORCATCI, how CONTINUOUS written in that same code? [IBPS <Clerk> 20121
18 N
will be written in the same code?

(a) FUBN (b) UFNB
+9 en
[CG PSC 2013)

(c) BNFU (d) BNDS
(a) OCTNNIOUSU
o: itt
(e) None of these

(b) OTCNINUOUS
N Wr
(c) OCNTNIUOSU 13. 165135 is to 'peace' as 1215225 is to

(d) OTNCINUOSU [IB (ACIO) 20131
ta nd
(e) CONNITUOSU (a) lead (b) love

on a
(c) loop (d} aura

7. In a certain code, Pis#, Ais %, C is ~and
C rH
ct
E is @. How is PEACE written in that 1·4 . If PARK is coded as 5394, SHIRT is

Fo
code? [IBPS (Clerk) 20121 coded as 17698 adn PANDIT is coded as

532068, how would you code NISHAR in
(a) # @%@# (b) #@#cp@
that code language?
(C) %#@4>% (d) #@%cp @
(a) 266734 (b) 231954
(e) None of these
(c) 201739 (d} 261739
~cannea oy Gam~canner
10 How to Crack Test of Reasoning• Verbal
22 In a certain code
15. If 'SYNDICATE' is written as • ·coMPUTRONE' is _l~l\
'SYTENDCAI', then how can •pMOCTUENOR'. ~tt~~
'PSYCHOTIC' be written? •ADVANTAGES' written ino~ ~
(a) PSYICTCOH (b) PSYCOHTCI code? b~t ~ ~
om
(c) PSICYOCTH (d) PSICYCOTH (a) IDUJLA.IC {b) UJIDLAid<:~l ~
16. In a certain code, 'REFRIGERATOR' is (c) UJIOICLA (d) IDUJICLA -..~
l.c
coded as 'ROTAREGIRFER'. Which (e) None of these
ai
words from the following would be coded
2 3. If 'GLOSSORY' is coded as .9 I
gm
as 'NOITINUMMA'? and •GEOGRAPHY'= '91596 7S3l
(a) ANMOMIUTMI (b) AMNTOMUllN 'GEOLOGY' can be coded as8.t02·, ~~·
y@
(c} AMMUNITION (d} NMMUNmOA (a) 915692 (b) 9157592 ~
(e} None of these
m
(c} 9057592 (d) 9157591
17. In a certain code, 'CERTAIN' is coded as
e
24. If 'REASON' is coded as
ad
'XVIGZRM' 'SEQUENCE' is coded as
'HVJFVMXV'. How would 'REQUIRED' 'BELIEVED' as 7, what is S ~.
number for 'GOVERNMENT'?the c~
ac
be coded? cssc cccu 20121
[SSC(Mult~
(a} FJIVWVIR
(c) WVJRIFVI
(b} VJIFWTRV
(d) IVJFRIVW
t or (a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) ~llJ,~
en
18. In a certain code, 'BUILDER' is written 25. In a certain code, 'MOUSE' is .
'PRUOC'. How is 'SHIFT' Writt~~e11 ~
vm
as JVCKSFE. How is 'SEALING' Written

in that same code? lRRB (TC/CO 20091 same code? [Viiaya Bank (~ lll ~\
~l 1'1~
@
(a) VKIRD (b) VKIDR (c) VJI

(a) BFTKHOJ (b) JOHKBT
(d) VIKRD (e) None of these DR
(c) TFBKHOJ (d) BFTKJOH
4 ct
89 nta
19. In a coded language, BRINJAL is written 26. In a certain code 'CAI.ANDER' . .

as LAJNIRB. How will IADYFINGER be as 'ClANAEDR'. How is 'CI~c:Wtitte~
lJ~
09 o
written in that code? [SSC (Multitaski"I) 20141 written in that code?

09 s C
(a) RNEGIFYDAL (b) RINEGIFYDAL (a) ICCRLURA (b) CRIUCALR

(c) CRIUCLRA (d) CRIARLCU
29 ote
(c) REGNIFYDAL (d) RGENIFYDAL

20. In a certain code language, 'CURATIVE' · 27. In a certain code, 'CLOCK' is wti ·
18 N
is written as 'BSVDDUHS'. How 'XOLXP'. How will 'LOTUS' be tte~

+9 en
'STEAMING' is to be written in the same in that same code? Writ\

-~de language?
o: itt
(a) OGLFH (b) OLGFH

N Wr
(a) BFUTFMHL (b) TUFBFMHL (c) LOGFH (d) OLGHF

(c) BFUTLHMF (d) BFUTHOJN (e) None of these
ta nd
(e) None of these

28. In a certain code, 'IATE' is written
on a
21. If 'NEUROTIC' can be written as 'VGZO' . How will ·SHINE' be written·

C rH
ct
'TICRONEU', then how can that same code?

'PSYCHOTIC' be written?
Fo
(a) VRMSH (b) VMSHR

(a) TICOCHPSY (b) TICCHOPSY (c) VMRSH (d) MVRSH
(c) TICCOHPSY (d) TICHCOPSY (e) None of these
vva1111vu uy '-'a111vva1111v1
.29. It LOFTY _ is coded as LPFUY then
DWARF w1U be written as ' 34. Some capital letters are given below in
the first line and numbers are assigned to
(a) DXASF (b) DXBSG [RBI <Grade 'B') 2011) each of them in the second line. The
om
(c) DXATF
(d) D WBSG (e) None of these numbers are the codes for the letters and
vice-versa.
30. In a coding system, 'JUNE' .
l.c
.
'PQRS' and 'AUGUS , . is ~tten as MOEASJTZ ·
'WQFQMN' H T is wntten as
ai
· · . ow can 'GUEST' be 3 5 7 6 2 9 4 0
gm
wntten m the same coding 1anguage?
Choose the correct number code for the
(a) FQTMN (b) FPSMN given set of letters
y@
(c) FQSMN {d) FOSNM EAST
(e) None of these
(a) 7620 (b) 7623
m
31. If .in a c ode language, 'PARENT' is (C) 7624 (d) 7625
~tten as ~DFGJK' and 'CHILDREN' is
1
e
35. If DISC is coded as 8749 and ACHE is
wntten as MOXQUFGJ' then h .
ad
'REPRINT' . ' ow 15 coded.as. 3950, then HEAD is coded as
wntten in that same code? (a) 5038 (b) 5308
ac
(a) FGBFXJK (b) FGBUXJK (c) 3508 (d) 3805
(c) FGBFXGO {d) BGFXJK
32. Some letters are given below in the first

t or
36. In a code language, 'PRINCE' is written
as 'FLOWER' and 'PRINCESS' is written
en
line and numbers are given below them as 'FLOWERSS'. Which of the following
in the second line. Numbers are the word would be coded as 'SLOWER'1
vm
codes for the alphabets and vice-versa. (a) SRINCE (b) SIRNCE
Choose the correct number-code for the (c) SRNICE (d) None ot these
@
given set of alphabets.

CWEAZXJYKL 37. In a code language, 'ORGANISATION'
4 ct
3 9 5 7 4 8 1 0 2 6 is written as 'CBDWLQJWYQCL' and

89 nta
J W X C L Z 'OPERATION' is written as
(a) 198364
'CXFBWYQCL'. How would
(b) 198264
09 o
(c) 198354
'SEPARATION' be coded1
(d) 197354
09 s C
(a) EJXEBYQCL (b) JFQYWBCXQL

33. Some letters are given below in the first (c) JFXWBWYQCL (d) QCLYWBFXJE.
29 ote
line and numbers are given below them

in the second line. Numbers are the Directions (Q. Nos. 38-41) In a defence message,
18 N
codes for the alphabets and vice-versa. GETAWAY, FIRE, BACK-WARDS, MOVE., SLOW is
+9 en
Choose the correct letter-code for the coded as BENCDCI, QHOE, PCTL-DCOXU, ZMWE,
given set of numbers. VFMD. Based on this coding scheme, spot the codes
o: itt
EMKBZWQUDJ of the following words

N Wr
5 9 1 6 4 8 2 0 7 3 38. OVER
(a) MWED
ta nd
4 2 9 7 5 3 (b) MWEO
(a) ZQMJDE (b) ZQMEDJ (c) MWOE (d) MWZO
on a
39. DEADLY
C rH
(c) ZQMDEJ (d) ZQEDMJ

ct
(a) XECXEI (b) XEEXCI

Fo
(c) XECXFI (d) XENXFI
,JJOUrsma hb oo b. · lAJnrdnress.com
.r.v~' r
~. 1L Tt•I of Ruwn1n9 " -. , ' " " •" I ll .
vmentoracademy.com .ch Examtrix.com
of the o owing In&:y
40.... t \ \ \ t\{) 49. ':4111~ to see away'? t~~t
. ·~ ,,. ( 'l { '\ ' (1)( q 7485 (b) 3149 \
•, , , I JI (1l[\_' (1)( (a) 5439 (d) 2479
(c) of these
{e) None
•• 1 111...'l "'JC t does ·4' represent in this
.. tt i l BOLON 50. Wha (b) fast (;oq~?
om
(a) very (d) QOod
42. ,,, "' • I r1.till l'l)(it>, 'ZOOM .. I s written
·ooBEas'. (c) run
Pl H >'\ tt nrl 'ROAD' 15 wntte~ .
l.c
that (e) None of these
I f , ,~ l\o\ 111Jlc1 'NOMP' be cod m
ai
·UNGER' is '123456' and 'Fa
51. ~~ 6789 ., then 'FIERCE' Will be Ile:~.
gm
rt>J OOHB
lciJ MONZ 345667 (b) 456678 I
y@
(a) 345677 (d) 556789
· · 1 ..., ,, .\f .' 11,, wnttf'nas 'KWQKACI',
. (c) C nnot be determined
(e) a
m
•',,'I l i• I \'\' ! ' '1 n .SPR
. IN KLE
. '~
ho wnttenl
cru20n1
certain code 'PRISM• is 1Nti
e
52•.~;HTL' and 'RUBLE• is Wri~ •
!SSC f v 1
ad
•I I '" I "J.) ' lb) ONPGLIJC
M.IC;
1.• Jf ' h l (d) URTKPMNG ·ovAMD'. How Will 'Wlio~l~ ~
ac
written in that code? h
' ' · Jn d • 'f ' r1dln r odf>, 'STOVE' is writte.n as
' F~BLK '. tht·n how wiJJ 'VOTES be ort
(a) XIPSM
[Allahaf>ad Bantt
(b) VINSK !PQi 2'J.
en
w11111·n 111 tht) s~mP code ? !SSC fCPOI lOOlJ
(c) UINSK (d) XGPQM
fI HN (b) LBNKF
vm
.. 1,
.1 l ~N RF ~) LNBKF Sl. If A = 1 , ACE =9, then ART :::: ?
@
•5. It 'MACHINE' is coded as 19-7-9- [SSC (10

(a) 10 (b) 39 "'2l1a1
14· 15 -20 - 1 t , then how will you code (c) 29 (d) 38
4 ct
'DANGE R' in the same code?

89 nta
.i l 11 -~ 6- 11 -24 (b) 13· 7·20-9-11-25 54. In a certain code, FLOWERS is Wti

' O :' 0-1 3· 11 -24 (d) 13·7·10·11·25 as E~DQR. How is StJpREtie
09 o
, I
[RRe <As~i~
09 s C
written m that code?

Oirttbons · 'l) • 46-50) Study the following
(a) TQDROLO (b) RTODQLQ
· 'J "'"J! ..in carefully and answer the given
29 ote
(c) TQDDROL (d) RTOODLD

C..'t,S:•1..Vl !IDBI s.nk (PO) 2010]
55. If A =i ACT= 24, then FAT:::?
18 N
' a r e'1ain code '31 8' means 'run very fasr,

+9 en
:' 9· ans ·ro run away', '97' means 'to see' [SSC (10+ 2) 2t
_,,. ·.a3· rreans ·very good'.
(a) 26 (b) 25 (c) 27 (d) 24
o: itt
46. \\'ha t 1 ~ the code for 'see'?

N Wr
56. If B = 2, BAG= 10, then BOX::?

J 3 (b) 7 (c) 4
[SSC (10+ 2) 2t
ta nd
...: 9 (e) None of these (a) 36 (b) 39 (c) 41 (d) 52

on a
4 7. \V"h k h of the following represents, 'see 5 7. If each of the letters in the Engli
C rH
ct
gOOd run away'? alphabet is assigned and even numeric

1
value by giving A=2, B = 4 and so v
Fo
a; 84 72 (b) 7914 (c) 7319

ra, 3289 (e) None of these what would be the total value of d
1111· 'ode for 'run' ? letters for the word 'Lady' wh1
.: .., (b) B (c) 1
similarly coded? [SSC (CGLl 20 1
d) 9 (e) None of these (a) 74 (b) 72

(c) 84 (d) 82
13
Chapter 1 • Coding-Decoding
58. If in a certain code language 'DASHE' is 62. If the word 'LEADER' is coded ~s
'21845', then how would 'SHADE' be 20-13-9-12-13-26, how would you wnte
written in that same code language? 'LIGHT'?
(a) 84125 (b) 84215 (a) 20-16-17-15-27 (b} 20-15-16-18-23
~~,~ ~~,~ (c) 20-17-15-16-28 (d) 20-16-fS-17-22
om
59. It 'ACN~' is coded as l, 3, 14, 5, then 63. In a certain code language, 'SAFE~' is
'BOIL' will be coded as written as '5@3#2' and 'RIDE' is wntten
l.c
(a) 5. 31 , 2 1. 25 (b) 2, 15, 9, 12 as '2©%#', how would ' FEDS' be written
(c) 5. 29 19. 25 (d) 5, 29,19, 27 in that code? [RBI (Grade 'B'> 20091
ai
(a) 3#~ (b} 3@%5
gm
60. In a certain code language, 'DOME' is
(c) 3#%5 (d) 3#%2
written as '8943' and 'MEAL' is written
(e) None of these
as '4321 '. What group of letters can be
y@
formed for the code '38249'? 64. If in a certain code language, 'EAT' is
[SBI (Clerk) 2012) written as '318' and 'CHAIR' is written as
m
(a} EOADM (b) MEDOA '24156', then how 'TEACHER' be written
(c) EMDAO
e
(d) EDAMO in that code language?
(e) None of these
ad
[Delhi Police (Constable) 2009}
(a) 8313426 (b) 8312436
61. If 'FLARE' is coded as 21, 15, 26, 9, 22,
ac
(c) 8321436 (d) 8312346
then how would 'BREIF' be coded in the
same language? or
65. If CAT = 12, then MAN =?
(a) 14 (b) 24 (c) 16 (d) 15
t
(a} 25, 9. 22, 21, 18 (b) 5, 37, 11 . 19, 13
en
(c) 13, 19, 11, 37, 5 (d) 25, 9, 22. 18, 21 (e) None of these
vm
B. Expert level Exercise

@
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-5) Study the following 2. 627851

information carefully and answer the questions (a) PULRDM (b) AVLDRM
4 ct
given below it. (IBPS (Clerk) 20121

(c) AVLFDM (d) AVLRDM
89 nta
Digits in the numbers are to be coded as follows (e) None of these
9 2 l 7 5 3 4 3. 812354
09 o
Digits 6 8
09 s C
Codes B v M L D p A F R (a) RLVPDF (b) FMVPDF

(c) RMVPDR (d) None of these
29 ote
Conditions 4.397416
(i) tf the first as well as the last digits are even, (a) PBLFMP (b) ABLFMA
18 N
both are to the coded by the code for the first (c) PVLFMA (d) PBLFMA
+9 en
digit. (e) None of these

(ii) If the first as well as the last digits are odd,
o: itt
5. 734192
N Wr
both are to be coded by the code for the last

digit. {a) DPFMBV (b) LPAMBV
{c) LPFMVB (d) LPFMBV
ta nd
1. 562183 {e) None of these

on a
(a) PAVMRP (b) DAVMRD

C rH
ct
(c) PAVMRD (d) DAVMRP

Fo
(e) None of these
&%. . ew:c .w..··•·?

1 4vmentoracademy.com
Hl .,, to ( i-oct Tnt of R~asonlng • Verbal Examtrix.com
Directions ca. Nos. 11 - 15) Study the fof/o,.,·
mlormat1on cr1rclully to answer the 0 . 1~
.
quest ions . llBPS (C~
afvefl
20111
In a certain code
om
·very large risk associated' is written as 'nu ta ro .,
.s very Iow ' .1s wn·tten as 'g1. se nu mi',
' ris k 1 g, ·
l.c
'is that also associated' is written as 'ta mi po fu·
ai
'inherent risk also damaging' is written as 'fu n'
gm
yu'. u di
-
Difc'b
,~ - ' ' J
..
' '
I 6 8 2 7 CAii the codes are two letter codes only)
y@
lt'ftlft/
s. . . . ~
A
I
a:
"• 0 c M
11. Which of the following represents 'ris
m
J
also large'? It
Concf#tiof ..
e
(a) nu tu po (b) nu giro
ad
111 Ir rhf- d1s1r 1s odd and the last digir is
f1N (c) ro po ta (d) tu nu ro
~ ~ for the first and last digits are (e) ro yu tu
ac
t"\'f"n,
ro br~.
or
12. What is the code for 'very'?
111 I If ftwe (i r)l and ftwo last digits are even, both are
*.
t
(a) ta (b) tu (c) ro
fO br C'Odf'd ~S
en
(d) nu (e) g i
11111 If thfo first •nd the last digits are odd, both are
vm
ro br codf'd as S. 13. What is the code for 'associated'?

6. 215349 (a) mi (b) ta (c) ro
@
(d) gi (e) nu
ia) RAPK~ (b) •APK%•
4 ct
(C) SAPK~ (d) O\PK%R 14. What does the code 'di' stand for?
89 nta
1e1 None ot fhese (a) Either 'damaging' or 'inherent'

(b) inherent
09 o
7. 67125.C
09 s C
(c) also
P% (b) SMACPS (d) low
1C) •MAC P• (d) %MA©PC>
29 ote
(e) risk
(el None ~ these
I. 813.f69
18 N
15. Which of the following represents 'th t .

low'? a lS
~a; RAK~\!:! D
+9 en
(b) DAK%@R
Ci ~A (a) po mi di
(d) •AK%@• (b) se po mi
o: itt
,e i None ot rtlese (c) ta mi po

(d) se po nu
N Wr
(e) ta mi se
~. 794821
MR%0C'A
ta nd
fa)
(b) AR%D~ 16. In. a certain language, 'sun shines
'c) M%ROCA bnght~y· is written as 'ba lo sul' 'houses
on a
(d) $A%D<O$
{e) None ot these
~~e bnghtly lit' as 'kado ula art ha' and
C rH
ct
. 591426 lig~t comes from sun' as 'dopi kup Io

Fo
(a) @RA%CP
(b) PAA%~
mo · What are the codewords for 'sun'
(c) @AR%C:P and 'brightly'?
(d) $RA%e.
(e) None ot these (a) 1)a, SUI
(b) sul, lo
(c) lo, ba
(d) ba, lo
vmentoracademy.com Chapter 1Examtrix.com
•Coding-Decoding 15
17. In a certain code language, 'po ki top ma' 20. 387#~

me~ns 'Usha is playing cards', 'kop j ki (a) KMDTAE (b) KDMATE
ma means 'Asha is playing tennis', 'lei (c) EOMTAK (d) KDMTAE
top sop ho' means 'they are playing (e) None of these
foot-ball' and 'po sur kop' means' cards
om
and tennis. Which word in that 21. 4@3128
languages menas 'Asha'? [CRPSC 20111 (a) VPKFAV (b) VPKFRI
l.c
(c) XPKFAX (d) IPKFRV
(a) ja (b) ma
ai
(c) kop (d) top {e) None of these
gm
18. In a certain language, 'me lo po' means 22. %4187*
'a.nu weds vinay' and 'pe to lo' means (a) QIFDMU (b) UNIFDMO
y@
'vinay comes here', which word in that {c) XIFDMX (d) UIFDMU
language means 'come'? (e) None of these
m
(a) pe (b) to (c) me 23. 9124ffi
e
(d) po (e) pe or to
ad
(a) EFRIVJ (b) JFRIVE
(c) EFRIVE (d) XFRIVX
Directions (Q. Nos. 19-23) In each question below, a
ac
group of digits/symbols Is given, followed by four (e) None of these
combinations of letters numbered (a), (b), (c) and
(d). You have to find out which of the
t or
24. In a certain code language, '123' means
'bright little boy', '145' means 'tall big
en
combinations (a), (b), (c) and (d) correctly boy' and '637' means 'beautiful little
represents the group of digits/symbols based on flower'. Which digit in that language
vm
the following coding system and the conditions means 'bright'?

those follow and mark the number of that (a) 1 (b) 2
@
combination as your answer. If none of the four (c} 3 (d} 4

combinations correctly represents the group of
25. In a certain code, •975• means 'throw
4 ct
digits/symbols, mark (e) i . e., 'None of these' as

away garbage', '528' means 'give away
89 nta
the answer. [Vijaya Bank <Clerk) 20121

smoking' and '213' means 'smoking is
Digits/ s 9 @I © 3 8 1 s % 4 2 6
* 7 s • harmful'. Which digit in that code means
09 o
Symbols 'smoking'?
09 s C
Letters/ B E p A K D F H Q I R J u M v T (a) 5 (b) B

Codes
(c} 2 (d) 3
29 ote
Conditions 26. In a certain code, 'BASKET' is written as

'5$3%#1' and 'TRIED' is written as
18 N
(i) If the first unit in the group is an even digit '14*#2'. How is 'SKIRT' written in that
+9 en
and the last unit is a symbol, both these are to code? {IBPS (PO) 2011)
be coded as the code fo~ the symbol.
o: itt
(a) 3%*41 (b} 3*%41

N Wr
(ii) If the first unit in the group is an odd digit and (c) 3%#41 (d) 3#4%1
the last unit is an even digit their codes are to (e) None of these
be interchanged.
ta nd
27. In a certain code language, '3a, 2b, 7c'

(iii) If both the first and the last units in the group means 'truth is eternal', '7c, 9a, Bb, 3a'
on a
are symbols, both these are to be coded as means 'enmity is not eternal' and '4d, 2b,
C rH
ct
'X'. Bb' means 'truth does not' . Which of the

Fo
following means 'enmity' in that

19. @91$26 language?
(a) JEFHRP (b) PEFHRP (a) 3a (b) 7c
(c) XEFHRX (d) PEFHRJ (c) Sb (d) 9a
(e) None of these (e) None of these
~canned by cam~canner
a certain code, the.folloWin
28. If 'Lily' is called 'Lotus' 'Lotus' is called 34. In coded in a certam wa.y b~ Cll.~\\q_b...
'Rose', 'Rose' is called' 'Sunflower' and a:nbers as follows ~s~l\i~
·su.nflow~r· is called 'Marigold'. thef n ADILMNOR.w ""
whic h will be the national flower 0 123456789
India?
Which word can be decoded
om
(a) Lily (b) Lotus (c) Rose . ho~
(d) Marigold (e) Sunflower foUoWUl9 1 tssc "<t ti.
163514 97842 ~I)~
l.c
29. In a certain code, the following numbers ~
.,: EeFy1·~r;Ei: I: I~
ANIMAL WORLD
ai
(a~ ANIMAL LESS WORLD
gm
fc) WORLD OF ANIMALS
(d) ANIMALS WORLD
y@
which number can be decoded from the
given symbols? [SSC (Constable> 20121 Directions (Q. Nos. 35-39) Study the
information carefully and answer the ~'oWin.
m
-+ ~ >= < . 011~
e
quest ions. \sa1 ~) ..._..,
(a) 63181 (b) 68731
ad
(C) 62781 (d) 63118 In a certain code language. ~~
ac
•economics is not money' is written as 'ka la
30. On another planet, the local terminology · ,· hoo. .
for 'earth' t 'water' 'light' 'air' and 'sky' 'demand and suppIy economics 1s written as, 'loll
f f
are 'sky', 'light', 'air', 'water' and 'earth.

tI
or pa ka' Illa\
en
respectively. If someone is thirsty there, •money makes only part' is written as 'zi la
what would he drink? ne\cj•
'demand makes supply economics' is Writt:
vm
(a) Light (b) Air mo ka ta' en~

(c) Sky (d) Water
@
31. If the animals which can walk are called 35. What is the code for 'money' in the .
code language? IJlV
'swimmers', animals who crawl are
4 ct
called 'flying', those living in water are (a) ga (b) mo

89 nta
called 'snakes' and those which fly in the (c) pa (d) ta

sky are called 'hunters', then what will a (e) la
09 o
lizard be called?
09 s C
(b) Snakes
36. What is the code for 'supply' in the giv
(a) Swimmers
code language?
(c) Flying (d) Hunters
29 ote
(e) None o1 these (a) Only ta (b) Only mo

(c) Either pa or mo (d) Only pa
18 N
32. If 'bucket' is known as 'tub', 'tub' is (e) Either mo or ta

+9 en
known as 'glass', 'glass' is known as

'saucer', 'saucer' is known as 'spoon', 3 7. What may be the possible code ~
o: itt
then which utensil will be used for 'demand only more' in the given code
N Wr
drinking water? language?

(a) Tub (b) Saucer (c) Glass (a) xi ne mo (b) mo zi ne
ta nd
(d) Spoon (e) None of these (c) kine mo (d) mo zi ki

on a
(e} xi ka ta
33. If 'orange' is called 'butter', 'butter' is
C rH
ct
called 'soap', 'soap' is called 'ink', 'ink' is 38. What may be the possible code for 'wo~
Fo
called 'honey' and 'honey' is called and money' in the given code languag~
'orange', then which of the following will (a} pa gala (b} pa la lu
be used for washing clothes? (c) mo la pa (d) tu la ga
(a) Honey (b) Butter (c) Orange (e) pa lane
(d) Soap (e) Ink
vmentoracademy.com Chapter Examtrix.com
1 •Coding-Decoding 1 7
39. What is the code for 'makes' in the given (iii) 'bin cin vin rin' means 'drivers stopped all
code language 1 trains'
(a) mo (b) pa (iv) 'din kin fin vin' means 'all passengers were
(c) ne (d) zi late'.
(e) ho
om
40. 'Drivers were late' would be written as
Direction (Q. No. 40) According to certain codes (a) min cin din
l.c
(i) ' min fin bin gin' means 'trains are always (b) cin din fin
ai
late' . (c) fin din gin
gm
(d) gin hin min
(ii) 'gin din cin hin' means 'drivers were always
punished'. (e) None of the above
y@
m
Answer with Explanations
e
ad
A Base Level Exercise
1. (a) As, S 0
ac
B E R
5. (d) As, C A R I N G
t1 !-1 !-1 !-1!-1 or !+2 !+3 !+4!-2 !-3!-4
R N A D
t
Q E D V G K C
en
Similarty,
and S H A A E S
~
vm
L 0 T U
fIK 1 l-1 fs 1 f1rRl !+2!+3 !+4t-2 !-3 !-4

U K E P B 0
@
N T
Similarly,
4 ct
2. (d) ~
MEAT-.TEAM
89 nta
"-..___.../
Then, BALE will be written as EALB
t+1+J l+
I
2
w
• i-2 t-3 1-4I
09 o
D
09 s C
3. (b) W A T E R
6. (c) As, D E M 0 C R A T I C
XllXllX
29 ote
18 N
Now, word written for code HKTG is EDMORCATC

IF I R EI Similarly,
+9 en
C ONT NUQUS
-21 -21 -21-21
o: itt
XllXllX
N Wr
H K T G
4. (b) As, 0 C N T N u 0 s u
ta nd
T A B L E c L 0 T H 7. (d) If, 'P' means#, 'A' means%, ·c· means~ and

J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. ,J, ,J,
on a
x E M R A N R x 'E' means @.
C rH
I T
ct
Similarly, H 0 T E L
.!. .i. J. J. .!. Then, ~ I t ~ I
Fo
T I X A R # @ % ~ @
!::>canned by cam!:::>canner
18
yoursmah-,.,on,, 1A1nrdnr
Reasoif'in'ef·~f't!W r eSS. COm
How to Crack Test of
ANDIT · NI SHAR
8. (c) As, B
E~
l~K
-.:..!.+ A Similarly. S
F
~ R
E-=-4 F
L -.:..!.+ K
IJJUJ So.i!HH
SYNDICATE
D~F
I ~ K
-.:..!.+ N
15. (d)As.J J ~
-2+ D 0
om
E
F~H M~O SYTENDCAI
l.c
9. (b) In the given code language, each consonant is Similarly,
~c
s
ai
shown as it's place value. Further vowels have p
gm
an another sequence
A -.. 1, E -.. 2, I -.. 3. 0 -.. 4, U -.. 5 11
y@
.. MANGO - 13 1 14 74 s
p 1CYCOTH
i e.. 1311474
[J] [f]ill[!] [J]
m
Similarly
I 0. (Q If 16• (c) AsR R A
e
ad
E O M
andill [!] [] rn m [I] [l] [!] Then F T M
) or
ac
R
I
G
A
R
E
U
N ____...,..._...--
I
[j][[][I][I]ll[l]fIJ
t
en
E _.....-,;ir....- - G T
R I I
vm
12345678 67812345 A A 0
11. (b) As, DAUGHTER-.. TERDAUGH T F N
@
12345678 67812345 0 E
Similarly, APT/ TUDE-.UDEAPTI T R A
4 ct
12. (c) If, ~M I~ Note All letters are coded in revese order.
89 nta
N S F U Mfft)j 17. (d) As, C E R T A I N

+t +t +t + t +t +t +1 +1 .r J. J, J, .J. .J. J,
z
09 o
and x v I G A M
%)K
09 s C
and s E a u E
J, J, .J. J, .J.
N c E
J, .J. J,
29 ote
XPUTSF H v J F v M x v
xx
+t +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
Then, Hence, R EQ U I R E D
18 N
J, J, J, J, J. J, J, J,
w
+9 en
I V J F A I V
+1 +1 +1 +1
Note The letters given here are opposite letters to eacn
o: itt
13. (b) P e a c e other.

N Wr
18. (a) As,

J J J J J Similarly,
ta nd
16 5 1 3 5 8~
+1 J s~+ a
1
u v
on a
Place in th alphabetical order E F

C rH
I C
ct
So, 1215225 is decoded as love. A T

L -::r-+K L -:r-K
Fo
14. (d) P A R K S H I R T
o~sF
E l~H
N 0
JJJJ JJJJ j R +1 E G +1 J
5 3 9 4 1 7 6 9 8
vmentoracademy.com Chapter Examtrix.com
1 •Coding-Decoding 19
19. (c) Letters of the word are written in reverse order.

25. (b) As, M ~ P Similarly. S ~ V
20. (a) As, Similarly, H~ K
G~B
u s Sx1
T B
F
O~R
U --+U I--+ I
A
R V E U
om
D A T s ~a F ....::!+ D
T~D M~FM
l.c
I U I E~C
V H N H
ai
E S G -l L 26. (b) As, Similarty,
gm
C-+C C--+C
21. {b) As. N E U R 0 T c
I I l_J I Axl 'XR
y@
I L A R I
I~ AXN cxu
N A u c
m
T E u
I I l_J DXE LXA
I I
e
E D A l
ad
R~R R-+R
Similarly,
ac
P S YC H OT I C 27. (b) As,
I I I I 1.----~I
or3 12 15 3 11 24 15 12 24 16
l~SY
C L 0 C K x 0 ,l x, p
t
I I t
1 '
en
3 + 24 = 27
T
I I I I l._____.I I 12 + 15 - 27
vm
15 + 12 s 27
CXP
3+24· = 27
22. (e) As, Similarly,
@
0 M AXA
D V
11+18 - 27
4 ct
M 0 V D
c
89 nta
p A A
AXE AXS
U><T N><T
T U T N
09 o
09 s C
0 N G E
N 0 E G
29 ote
E A S A
18 N
23
~ ~~ r r r r r
+9 en
• (b)
liJ l1J l!J
o: itt
3 3 5 6 2
N Wr
rnrnrn r rr r r~
ta nd
on a
C rH
ct
:. GEOLOGY = 9157592
Fo
24. (c) Given, REASON = 5

BELIEVED= 7
Here, Number of letters - 1
Now, GOVERNMENT = 9
: . Number of letter = 10-1 = 9
vmentoracademy.com
oob. wordpress. com
Examtrix.com
~
,I
I
20 JS. (oJ 0 s
L.ct•lf 8 7 4
cod• ~,J.._..;_..._...___,__..:.._
19. ..:· (O,~ r T '( f HEAD is 5038.

code o
1· l· 1·" 1·· l·O J6.(D)~
so. __.F and P ---.. F
~
om
p F U y
rr-i 0 \-\- A R F ~ ~
~ ~
l.c
r ~ 1- · 1· 1·' 1- 0
0
ai
D X A S F
~ ~
gm
~ ~
G __..F
JO. .r iAs j.J_ _:!_~ wld A - ~· U ___. Q W
IT;;;jJ
y@
{1 _.o] u-o
E ___.s
[N - -• R} f G-+ F] s--..s
m
S--tM
/E s } l u- oJ s ___... s
e
f s - M) Similarly.
ad
A ___... L
f T N)
ac
I ___... 0
J1. (O) As Ip B J and C--+ M or N ___... W
H --+ 0
t
A D
en
c~E
IA -F 1 [ 1--+X J
vm
E~R
IE G J L--+ 0
IN J 1 0 --+ U 37. (c) As[O -----+ C I and I 0-+C]
@
IT K 1 R --+ F [R----+8 I I P-+X]

4 ct
E--.G N--+J .r G----+D 1 I E-+F]

89 nta
Similarly. R F IA----+W I I R-+B]

09 o
E--+ G /N_.L I I A~WJ

09 s C
P --+ 8
/1~01 [T~yJ
29 ote
A --+ F
I s~JI I 1~aJ
I--+ X
/A~W/
18 N
N--+ J I O~CJ
I T~Y I
+9 en
T --. K [N~LJ
o: itt
32. o) J W X C L z I 1~01
N Wr
[o-+c]
I 1J
ta nd
[N-+L]
9 8 3 6 4
s~
on a
Similarly, J
C rH
33. (q The correcr lener . .

ct
number is Z Q M 0 ~~ for the given set of E~F

Fo
14. (cJ M O {EJ fA1 {SJ J {fl z P~x
J s lzj~~ 9 Wo EAST == 7624 A~w

R~s
So. the COrrect number COd .
letters EAsT is 7624. e for the given set of A~w
T~y
i~o
o~c
vmentoracademy.com Chapter Examtrix.com21
1 •Coding-Decoding
Solutions (0. Nos. 38-41)
~=:~o
Similarly,
G---+ B
E-.+E
M--+ N
T-.+N
p--+ z
om
A-.+C
W---. D
43. (c) As, M U . S I C A L
l.c
A--.C -2! +2! -2t +2! -2! +2! -2!
ai
Y--.1 K W Q K A C J
gm
B ·--+P W--.+D Similarly,
S P A N K L E
y@
A--+C A--.c
C--+T R--.+O
m
K--.L D--.+X
e
ad
s----.u 44. (b) As, S--+ F Similarly, V--+ L
M--+Z and T--+N 0--+ B
ac
S--+V
0--+M L----.F 0--.B T--+ N
V--+W 0--+M
tor E--+ K
en
E--+E w--.o S--+ F
--+~
vm
38. (b) 0
V--+ W 45. (c) As, M~19 Similarly, 0~10
E--+ E A~7 A~7
@
A--+ 0
C~9
4 ct
39. (c) D --+ X N~20

89 nta
E--+ E
A--+ C H~14 G~13
09 o
D X
1~15
09 s C
L--+ F E~11
Y--+ I
N~20 R~24
29 ote
40. (b) A --+ 0

E~11
18 N
E--+ E
W--+ D
+9 en
Solutions (Q. Nos. 46-50)

A--+ C
Code
o: itt
Means
R--+ 0
& 10 &
N Wr
0--+ x -----+- illi[] fast

41. (a) G--+ B
20® ® ~
ta nd
-----+- away
A--+ 0
®dJ - ® @>
on a
E--+ E
-
C rH
4&
ct
A--+ C
T--+ N ~good
Fo
42. (d) As, Z--+ P and R--+ Q 46. (b) See --+ 7
0--+ 0 0--+0
47. {a) See Good Run Away--+ 8472
0--+ 0 A--+B
48. (b) Run --+ 8
M--+N 0--+E
vmentoracademy.com
22 How to Crack Test of Reasoning• Verbal Examtrix.com
49. (d) Good to See away--+ 2479 SS. (c) As. A = 1

ACT = 1+ 3 + 20 = 24
SO. (d) 4 --+ Good Similarly, FAT 6 + 1 + 20 = 27 =
51. (e) As, L--+ 1 and F--+ 5
56. (c) As. B= 2
om
1--+2 0--+6 and BAG =2 + 1 + 7 = 10
41
N--+3 R--+7 Similarly, BOX =2 + 15 + 24 =
l.c
G--+4 C--+8 57. (c) LADY= 2(12 + 1+ 4 + 25)
ai
E--+5 E--+9 =2x42 =84
gm
A--+6 58. (a) As, D ~ 2 Similarly, S----+ 8
A-----+ 1 H ----+ 4
y@
Similarly, F--+5
1--+2 s~8 A----+ 1
m
E~9/5 H ----+ 4 D----+ 2
e
R~6/7 E~S E----+ 5
ad
C--+8 59. (b) As , A ~ 1 Similarly, B----+ 2
ac
E~9/5 c----+ 3 0----+ 15
Hence. cannot be determined. or
t N----+ 14 1 ----+ 9
L----+ 12
en
52. (b) Given, E----+ 5
P R I S M E A L
60. (d) As, D 0 ME and M
vm
) 1- 1 1- l 11-1
1 +1 1 +
J,
8
J,
9
J, J,
4 3
J,
4
J,
3
J,
2
.J..
1
0 S H T L
@
Similarly, 3 8 2 4 9
and A U B L E J, J, J, J, l.
4 ct
1-1l 11-1 l 1- E D A M 0
89 nta
+ +1 1
61. (d) As, F ----+ 21 Similarly, B ~ 25
Q V A M D
L----+ 15 R~9
09 o
Then, W H 0 R L
09 s C
A----+ 26 E~ 22
1- l 11- l 11- 1
1 + 1 + R----+ 9 I ~18
29 ote
V N S K E----+ 22 F~21
53. (b) As. A =1 (place value)
18 N
Note Each letter is coded in opposite alphabet

and ACE = 1+ 3 + 5 (place value of ACE) = 9 sequence.
+9 en
Similarly, ART= 1+ 18 + 20 (place value of ARn

=39 62. (c) As, 12 s 1 4 s 18
o: itt
L E A D E R
N Wr
54. (d) Given,

FL 0 WE RS J+aJ+aJ+a J+aJ+aJ+a
1-1l-11-1 1-11-1 l-1 l-1 20 13 12 13 26
ta nd
9
on a
EK NV D QR Similarly,
12 9 7 8 20
C rH
ct
L I G H T
Then, S U p R E M E
J+a J+aJ+a J+aJ+a
Fo
1-11-11-11-1 1-1 1-11-1 20 17 15 16 28

RT 0 Q D L D
vmentoracademy.com Chapter 1Examtrix.com
•Coding-Decoding 23
63. (c) As, S ---+ 5 and R---+ 2 Similarly, T--+8

A---. @ I--+© E--+3
F ---+3 D--+% A--+1
E---+ # C--+2
om
E--+#
A ---+2 H--+4
l.c
Similarly, F--+3 E--+3
ai
E--+# R--+6
gm
D--+%
65. (a) As, 6 }.. ?f = (3 + 1 + 20) + 2
S--+5
y@
= 24 + 2=12
64. (b) As, E --+ 3 and C --+ 2 .m1ar
·1 ly, MAN
13 1 14
S1
A--+1 H--+4
m
=(13+1+14)+2
e
T-+8 A-+1
= 28 +2 = 14
ad
1-+5 R--+6
ac
B. Expert Level Exercise
or
1. (a) 5 6 2 1 8 3
J. J. J. J. J. J. 9
r t f 11
I$R%0©$
t
· <d)
en
P A V M R P
vm
[condition number (ii) follows] [condition (iii) is applicable]

2. (d) 6 2 7 8 5 1
J. J. J. J. J. J. lO. (a} r l 1t 1 ~
@
A V L R D M @ R A % © P
(no condition follows]
4 ct
[condition (i) is applicable)

89 nta
3. (c) 8 1 2 3 5 4 Solutions (Q. Nos. 11-15)

J.J.J.iJ.J..
R M V P D R 81arge@~-+@>@)ro@
09 o
[condition number (i) follows]

e
09 s C
4. (d) 3 9 7 4 6 @ ~ low -+@) se@)§!)

J,J,J,J,J,J..
~ Iha~E 3 - + @8Jpo&
29 ote
P B L F M A
[no condition follows)
damaging~£@diyu
18 N
inherent@,A
5. (d) 7 3 4 1 9 2
+9 en
J, J, J, J, J, J, 11. (d) risk also large -+ nu fu ro

L P F MB V
o: itt
[no condition follows)

12. (e) very -+ gi
N Wr
6. (d) 2 1 5 3 4 9 13. (b) associated -+ta

J..J,J,J,J,J.. 14. (a) 'di' stands for either 'damaging' or 'inherent'.
ta nd
© A P K % R
1S. (b) that is low -+ po mi se
on a
[none of the conditions is applicable)

C rH
16. (c) sun shines brightly----+ ba lo sul ... (i)

ct
7. (c) 6 7 1 2 5 4
J, J, J, J, J, .i houses are brightly lit
Fo
1'cMA © P1'c ----+ kado ula ariba ... (ii)

[condition (ii) is applicable) light comes from sun
8. (b) 8 1 3 4 6 9 ---..+dopi kup lo mo ... (iii}
J, J, J, J, J, J.. From Eqs. (i} and (ii}, brightly ---+ ba
DAK%@R From Eqs. (i} and (iii}, sun---+ lo
[none of the conditions is applicable) Hence, sun---+ lo and brightly---+ ba
~cannea oy t,.;am~canner
yoursmahboob. wordpress. com__
\
27 . (cf) 3a 2b ?c --+truth is e.ter.nal t t al
i
1
17. 1ol po{gtop<!§) - Usha@jplayingl cards . »(i) '
?cgaSb 3a--+enm1ty1sno eern "·% \
@1al9@ -Asha@lp1ayin g l 8 4d 2b Sb---+ truth does not .
om
{gtops.opno - they arelplayingl football From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 7c--+ 1s/eterna1 "·(iii)
PoSur s - Cards ands From Eqs. (i) and (iii), 2b--+ truth
l.c
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), Sb--+ hot
So. Asha - ;a
ai
Hence. 9a --+enmity
11. (e) melopo-+anuwedsvinay .. .(i)
gm
pe to lo --+lfinay comes here ... (ii) 28 ( ) We know that, national flower of India is lot\J
• c and here Lotus is called Rose. a
From Eqs (i) and (ii). lo - -+vinay
y@
Hence. come is either as pe or to. 29. (b) According to given sign's table,
--+ ~ > = <
19. (cf) .j, .j, .l, .1. J.
lE 1 $ 2 6
m
J. J, .J, .J, 6 8 1' 3 1
p F H A J
e
[no such condition is follow] 30• (o) Water quenches thirst and here water is cat~
ad
as light.
20. (cf)
2 ~
rrTr
ac
31. (c) Lizard --+flying
K D M T A E
[no such condition is follow] or
32. (b) Glass is used for drinking water and here glass
is called as saucer.
f <f
t
rl
en
21 . (a)
v p K F
1 1
A v
33. (e) Soap is used for washing clothes and here saap
is called ink.
vm
[(i) condition follow]

34. (o) According to given alphabets codes
22. (c) % 4 , e 1 ~
@
1 6 3 5 1497842
.i. J. J. .i. J. .i. .j, .j, .1. .1. J. ,j,J. .1. .1. .l.i
X I F D M X
AN IM A LWO R lo
4 ct
((iii) condition follows]

Solutions (Q. Nos 35-39) On the basis of given information
89 nta
23. (b)
1J 1F 1 t 1 A I V
r
E ~i.sno~ -+@&hoga ...(i)
09 o
[(ii) condition follows)

09 s C
\demandland \supply\~--+ ~~pa~ ...(~

24. (b) 1 2 3---+ bright little boy ... (i)
~
29 ote
1 4 5 ---+tall big boy ... (ii) makes only part--+@& ne ki ...(iiij

C3 7 --+beautiful little flower ... (iii)
\demand\ makes \supply\~
18 N
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 1 ---+boy

From Eqs. (i) and (iii), 3---+ little -+®§9~ ...(iv)
+9 en
Hence. 2 ---+ bright.

35. (c) 36. (e) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (cf)
o: itt
25. (c) 9 7 5 --+throw away garbage ... (i)

40. (b) min fin bin gin ---+trains are always late ...(i)
N Wr
5 2 8 --+give away smoking ... (ii)

gin din cin hin ----+ drivers were always
2 1 3 --+smoking is harmful ... (iii) punished ...(iij
ta nd
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), smoking---+ 2

bin cin vin rin ----+ drivers stopped an trains
26. (o) As, 8 A S K E T ... (iiq
on a
.L. J. J. J. J. J.
C rH
din kin fin vin ----+ all passengers were late

ct
5 $ 3 % # 1 ...(N)
and T A I E D From Eqs. (i) and (iv), fin----+ late
Fo
J. J. J. J. J.
1 4 * # 2 From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), cin----+ drivers
Similarly. S K I R T From Eqs. (ii) and (iv), din ---+were
.j, .!. J. J. ,j, Hence, drivers were late --+ cin din fin
3 % * 4 1
om
Analogy
l.c
ai
gm
y@
Analogy means similarity or correspondence i.e., having similar features.
e m
ad
In questions based on analogy, a particular relationship is given and
another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives
ac
provided. Questions based on analogy are set up to test a candidate's overall
t or
knowledge, power of reasoning and ability to think.
These types of questions cover every types of relationships that one can
en
think. There are many ways of establishing a relationship like quantity and
vm
unit, worker and tools, cause and effect, word-synonym, word-antonym,

country and capital, state and capital, country and currency, animal and the
young ones (kid), male and female, animals and their resting places, games
@
and places of playing, occupation their working place and their work.
4 ct
Here, some relationships are given, which are useful for solving questions
89 nta
based on analogy
09 o
Country Capital Currency Occupation Working Working

09 s C
Bangladesh Dhaka Taka Place

Iraq Baghdad Dinar Lawyer Court legal Practice
29 ote
China Beijing Yuan Servant House Service

India Delhi Rupee Beautician Parlour Make up
18 N
UK London Pound Mechanic Garage Repairing

+9 en
Japan Tokyo Yen Waiter Restaurant Serving

USA Washington DC Dollar . ":· Teacher School Teaching
o: itt
Russia Moscow Rouble Chef Kitchen Cooking

N Wr
Greece Athens Euro Sailor Ship Sailing

ta nd
States of India Capital Male Female

on a
Sikkim Gangtok Dog Bitch

C rH
ct
West Bengal Kolkata Horse Mare

Fo
Goa Panaji Bull Cow

Tamil Nadu Chennai Cock Hen
Odisha Bhubaneshwar Son Daughter
Bihar Patna Brother Sister
r
26
vmentoracademy.com
How to Crack Test of Reasoning• Non-Verbal Examtrix.com
l
Instrument Measure~
lndividml Class Word Synonym
Sphygmom- Blood pres5;;-
FfOR Amphibian Assign Allot
anometer
Rat Rodent Substitute Replace
Seismograph Earthquake
Cup Crockery Abduct Kidnap Pressure
Barometer
om
Snake Reptile Haughty Proud Current
Ammeter
Man Mammal Dissipate Squander
Odometer Speed
Ostrich Bird Edge
l.c
Brim
Whale Mammal Dearth Scarcity Place of---..
Game
ai
Pen Stationery Playing
----
gm
Word Antonym Court
Animal Tennis
Sound Weak
Robust Wrestling Arena
Cock Crow
y@
Deep Shallow Boxing Ring
Duck Quack Peace
Chaos Race Track
Cat Mew Kind
Cruel Court
m
Badminton
Frog Croak Harsh
Gentle
e
Snake Hiss Cruel
Kind Occupation Product - -
ad
Owl Hoot Alertness
Lethargy Farmer Crop
Jackal Howl Rejoice
ac
Mourn Architect Designs
Donkey Bray
Producer Films
Quantity Unit
Watt
Individual or
Dwelling
(Place)
t Teacher Education
Clothes
Power Tailor
en
Pressure Pascal Lion Oen
Current Ampere Web Animal Young One
vm
Spider
Area Hectare Horse Stable Puppy
Dog
Time Second
Bird Nest Hen Chick
Kil~ram
@
Mass
King Palace Cat Kitten
Work Joule
) Litre Eskimo Igloo Cow Calf

Volume
4 ct
Force Newton Bear Cub

89 nta
Types of Questions
09 o
09 s C
Different types of questions based on analogy that are asked in various competitive exams,
29 ote
have been given below

18 N
Type 1 Direct/Simple Analogy

+9 en
In this type of analogy, we deal with ques!~_ons which have three comp~nents. T~o have
o: itt
some relationship and you have to choose from the alternatives which has the same
N Wr
relationship with the third component.

maatratton 1. College is related to student in the same way as Hospital is related to ...
ta nd
(a) Doctor (b) Nurse (c) Medicine (d) Patient

on a
Solution (d) In the College, education is given to students, in the same way treatment given to Patient in Hospital.
C rH
ct
maatratlon 2. Major is related to lieutenant in the same way as Squadron Leader is related to ...
(a) Group Captain (b) Flying Attendant
Fo
(c) Flying Officer (d) Pilot Officer

Solution (c) Major and Squadron Leader are equivalent ranks in the Army and the Air Force, respectively. Same as
Lieutenant and Flying Officer are equivalent ranks in the Army and the Air force.
!canned by CamScanner
Chapter 2 •Analogy 27
Type 2 Completing the Analogous Pair

In this type of q.uestions, two words are given. These words are related to ea~h o~er in some
way· .Another word is also given. The candidate is required to find out the relationship between
om
the f.1rst ~o words and choose the word from the given alternatives, whi.c h have the same
relationship to the third word, as their is between the first two.
l.c
Dlustrat.ton 3. Boat : Oar : : Bicycle : 1 maatrat.ton 4. Traveller : Journey : : Sailor : 1
ai
(a) Pedal (b) Seat (a) Water (b) Ship
gm
(c) Road ~ (d) Wheel (c) Vayage (d) Crew
Solution (a) Second denotes that part of the first , on Solution (c) Second is the name given to the process of
y@
which the ef1ort is applied to move it. travel of the first.
e m
ad
In this type of questions, a pair of words is given, followed by four pairs of words as
ac
alternatives. You are required to choose the pair in which the words bear the same relationship
as be ared by words given in questions.
Dluatrat.lon 5. Apostate : Religion
or
maatrat.ton I. Gland : Enzyme
t
en
(a) Teacher: Education (a) Muscle : Spasm
vm
(b) Traitor : Country (b) Generator : Current

(c) Potentate : Kingdom (c) Organ : Kidney
(d) Jailor : law (d) Brain : Cortex
@
Solution (b ) Apostate is one who renounces Religion. Solution (b) As. Gland produces the Enzyme. Similarly.
4 ct
Similarly. Traitor is one who betrays his Country. Generator produces the Current.
89 nta
Type 4 Choosing a Slmllar Word

09 o
09 s C
In this type of questions, a group of three words is given, followed by four other words as
alte rnatives. The candidate is required to choose the alternative, which is similar to the given group
29 ote
of words.
18 N
Wuatrat.lon 7. Kolkata, Mumbai, Mangalore Wuat.rat.lon 8. Bhilal, Ourgapur, Bokaro

+9 en
(a) Delhi (b) Lucknow (a) Baroda (b) Chennal

(c) Cochin (d) Hyderabad (c) Chandigarh (d) Rourke\a
o: itt
Solution (c) All are port cities of India. Solution (cf) All cities are famous for steel plants.
N Wr
ta nd
on a
C rH
ct
Fo
"cannea oy \.Jam"canner
• yoursmahboob. wordpress.com
28 How to Crack Test of Reasoning· Verbal
Some other Types of Analogy
om
This types of analogies are explained as under
l.c
(i) Number Analogy of numbe rs hea ·
h e· two numbers/group
ai
· · flng
In this type of analogy, questions av h ' h have the same relation .ct
relationship. There is also a third number/group of numbe~ w ic
gm
Ship
from the alternative. You are required to find that alternative. .
y@
ruustration 9. 2 : 8: : 3 : ? mustration.
10. 5 : 35 : : ?(b) : 45
(a) 20 (b) 21 (a) 7 · 77 9_
m
4 27 (c) 11 : 45 (d ) 3 : 28
e
(c) 2 (d) . • ( )The first number is multiplied by th
Solution (d) Second number is the cube of first So/ut1on a . h e ne~
ad
number d
in the same way 27 is the cube of 3. prime number to obtain t e secon number.
ac
3
i.e., 2 == 8 and 7 x 11 = 77
3
3 == 27 or
t 7 and 11 are prime numbers.
So, mi~sing pair is 7 : 77.
en
(ii) Alphabet Analogy

vm
In this type of analogy, first two groups of letters are related to each other in some way, Yo
@
are required to find out this relationship and then choose a letter group of letters Which .11
related in the same way, as first two letters I group of letters are related. lS
4 ct
Illustration 11. MUMBAI : LTLAZH : : DELHI : ?

89 nta
Illustration 12. NEWS: 14,5,23,19 :: PAPER .?

(a) CDKGG ..
(b) IHLED (a) 16,5, 16, 1, 18 (b) 18,S, 16, 1, 16
09 o
(c) CDKGH (c) 16, l ,16,5, l 8 (d) 32,2,32, 10,36

09 s C
(d) BCKGH Solution (c)

Each letter assigned its position from I ft
So, PAPER~ 16,1,16,5,18 e·
Solution (c)
29 ote
Each letter of the first group is moved one

step backward to obtain the corresponding letter of Illustration 13. . FILM : 1o : :
the second group.
18 N
HOTEL : ?
So. DELHI ~ CDKGH
(a) 12
+9 en
(b) 15 (c) 18
Note There can be another type of analogy containing Solution (a) As, (d) 30
F I L M
o: itt
both, Number Analogy and Alphabet Analogy i e

Alphanumeric Analogy. The method of solving th~s~
.J.. .J.. .J.. .J,
N Wr
type of question are similar as above. 6 + 9+12+13 = 40

40 + 4 = 10
Similarly, H o T
ta nd
.J.. .J.. .J..

E L
.J, .J..
on a
8+15+20+ 5 + 12 = 60
C rH
ct
60 +5=12
Fo
Let us Practice
om
l.c
1. 'Hare' is related to 'Burrow' in the same 9. 'Atom' is related to 'Molecule', in the
way 'Owl' is related to . . . ' same way as 'Cell' is related to ...
ai
{RRB (ASM) 2006}
{a) Hole (b) Hive
gm
{c) Nest (d) Barn (a) Matter (b) Nucleus
(c) Organism (d) Battery
y@
2. 'Duma' is related to 'Russia', in the same
way as 'Shora' is related to ... 10. 'Flower' is related to 'Petal', in the same
way as 'Book' is related to ...
m
(a) Malaysia (b) Afghanistan [UC (AAO) 2005]
(c) France (d) Germany
e
(a) Pages (b) Content
ad
3. 'Konkani' is related to 'Goa', in the sam (c) Author (d} Library
way as 'Dogri' is related to ...
ac
(e) None of these
(a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Odisha Directions (Q. Nos. 11-13) In each of the following
(c) Jammu and Kashmir (d) Gujrat
t or
questions, there is certain relationship between
en
4. 'Pitch' is related to 'Cricket', in the same two given words on one side of(::) and one word is
way as 'Arena' is related to ... given on another side of(::) while another word is
vm
to be selected from the given alternatives having

(a) Tennis (b) Gymnastic
the same relationship with the word, as the words
(c) Badminton (d) Wrestling
@
of the given pair bear. Choose the correct

5. Choose the option that expresses the alternative.
4 ct
same relationship as the word

11. Cougar : South America :: Okapi : ?
89 nta
Tobacco : Cancer, has

(a) Milk : Food (a) India (b ) Central Africa
09 o
(b) Bud : Flower

(c) North America (d) Pakistan
09 s C
(c) Soil : Erosion 12. Bow.: Arrow :: Pistol: ?

(d) Mosquito : Malaria
(a) Bullet (b) Gun
29 ote
(e) Honeybee : Wax

(c) Shoot (d) Rifle
18 N
6. 'Cyclone' is related to 'Anti-cyclone', in

the same way as 'Flood' is related to .... 13. Cobbler: Leather:: Carpenter : ?
+9 en
(a) Furniture (b) Wood

(a) Devastation (b) Havoc
o: itt
(c) River (d). Drought (c) Hammer (d) Chair

N Wr
7. 'Doctor' is related to 'Patient', in the Directions (Q. Nos. 14-22) Jn each of the following
questions, two words are given to the left side of
same way 'Lawyer' is related to ...
ta nd
[UP B.Ed. 2008) the sign (::) and one word and a question mark
are given to the right side of the of sign (::), select
on a
(a) Customer (b) Criminal

C rH
one word from the given alternatives which bears

ct
(c) Magistrate (d) Client

the same relationship to the word given to the
Fo
8. As 'Bald' is related to 'Blond', in the same right side of sign (::) as that of the words given to
way, 'Barren' is related to the left side of the sign (:: ).
[SSC (FCI) 2012)
(a) Vegetation (b) Farm 14. House: Door :: Compound:?
(c) Fertile (d) Inhibited (a) Gate (b) Fence
(c) Foundation (d) Wall
,--...
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,
vmentoracademy.com
30 Examtrix.com
How to Crack Test of Reasoning. Verbal
15. Hongkon 9 : Chma

' :: Vatican : 1 25. Smoke : Pollution :: War : 1
(SSC (Multit.uldng) 201l) (a) Peace
(a) France
(b) Mexico (b) Victory
(c) Canada (d) Rome
om
(c) Treaty
l6. Magazine : Editor :: Drama (d) Destruction
l.c
fSSC (MultftMkiftl) 20141 26. Dress : Tailor :: 1 : Carpenter
(a) Director (b) Player
ai
(a) Wood (b) Furniture
(c) Manager (d) Actor
(c) Leather (d) Cloth
gm
17. King : Throne :: Rider : 1 1ssc <KO 20121 Directions ca. Nos. 27-33) In e~ch o~ the foltawin
U:
y@
(a) Chair (b) Horse questions. there is same relat1onsh1p between
(C) Seat (d) Saddle two terms of the left of (: : ) and the same
relationship holds betw~n the two terms to ~
m
18. Video : Cassette :: Computer : 1 right. Also, in each question,. on~ term to the right
e
(a) Reels (b) Recordings of (: : ) is missing. This terr:n 1s given as.one of the
ad
(c) Files (d) Floppy alternatives, from the g1v~n alternatives bet~
ac
(e) CPU each question. Find out this term from the Hi'ien
alternatives.
19. Plant : Seed :: ? : Bud
(a) Leat (b) Twig
t or
27. In the English alphabet, 'BOG' is to 'CFJ•
en
(c) Flower (d) Fruit in the same way as 'EGJ' is to?
(IBPS (PO) 2011r
vm
20. Pleasure : Sorrow :: Right : 1 (a) FIL (b) FJM

fSSC (Constable) 2011)
(c) F/M (d) FIN
@
(a) Wrong (b) Wonderful

(e) None of these
(c) Happy (d) Sure
4 ct
28. BFG: EIJ :: RVW : 7

21. Nightingale : Warble :: Frog : ?
89 nta
(IBPS (CWE) 2013} (a) UWY (b) UYZ

(a) Yelp (b) Croak (c) SWX (d) QUV
09 o
(c) Cackle (d) Squeak

09 s C
29. AFHO : GBDJ :: CHFM : ?

(e) None of these (SSC <FCO 2012)
(a) GBIM (b) GBLD
29 ote
22. Tanning : Leather :: Pyrotechnics : ?

(c) GPLD (d) IDBH
(a) Bombs (b) Fireworks
18 N
(c) Wool (d) Machinery 30. HCM : FAK :: SGD : ?

+9 en
Directions (Q. Nos. 23-26) In the following questions, (a) OEB (b) QIB
find the word which holds the same relation with (c) ESQ (d) GES
o: itt
the third word as there in between the first two

N Wr
words.
31. GREAT : 25 :: NUMBER: ? [SSC CFCI) 20121
(a) 36 (b) 38
ta nd
23. MODERATE: INIENSIFY: NOMINAL: ? (c) 27 (d) 24

(a) MEMORIAL (b) EXPENSIVE
on a
(c) DISTANCE (d) CHAOS 32. AHOP : CKSU :: BJMR : ? [SSC (CGU 2013}
C rH
ct
(a) EZUQ (b) DMQW

24. Oxygen : Bum : : Carbon dioxide : ?
Fo
(c) DOKM (d) CJWN

(IBPS (Clerk) 2012]
(a) /so/ate (b) Foam 33. AZCX : BYDW :: HQJO : ?
(c) Extinguishes (d) Explode (a) GREP (b) fPKM
(e) None of these
(c) IPKN (d) GRJP
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Directions (Q. Nos. 34-41) In each of the followinJ questions, there is a certain rela~onship between tw? given
numbers on one side of(::) and one number i:; given on the other side of(: :) while another number is t~ be
fou.nd from the siven alternatives havins the sc1me relationship with this number as the numbers of the given
palf. Choose the best alternatives.
34. t, 2, 4, 7 : 3, 4, 6 , 9 :: ? : 2, 3, 5, 8 38. 6524 : 6465 :: 9638 : ?
om
(SSC (10+2) 21112) (ViiAya lank (Cleft&) 101l)
(a) 0. 1, 3. 6 (b) 2. 4. 5.a (a) 9825 (b) 9736
l.c
(C) 1, 3, 4 , 7 (d) 3, 5, 6. 8 (C) 9697 (d) 9579
ai
(e) None of these
35. 63 : 21 :: 27 :?
gm
39. 100 : 121 :: 144 : ? (SSC (Muhituking) 10141
(a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 1 (d ) 3
(a) 160 (b) 93
y@
36. 12 : 30 : : 18 : ? (c) 169 (d) 426
(a) 36 (b) 42
40. 08 : 66 : : ? : 38 (SSC (10+2) 10131
m
(C) 44 (d) 45
(c) 12 (d) 19
e
(a) 2 (b) 6
3 7. 25 : 625 : : 35 : ?
ad
(SSC lCGl) 2012)
(a) 1575
41. 583 : 488 :: 293 : ?
(b) 1205
ac
(c) 875 (a) 581 (b) 291
(d) 635
(c) 387 (d) 487
B. Expert level Exercise

t or
en
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-7) The following questions consist of two words each that have certain relationship between
vm
each other, followed by four lettered pairs of words. Select the related pair that has the same relationship as
the original pair of words.
@
1. Surgeon : Scalpel (MAT 1012) S. Chair : Wood :: ? {SSC (10+2) 2013)

4 ct
(a) Musician : Instrument (a) Book : Print (b) Mirror : Glass

89 nta
(b) Carpenter : Cabinet (c) Plate : Food (d) Purse : Money

(c) Sculptor : Chisel
6. Nuts : Bolts (ClAT 2013)
09 o
(d) Baker : Oven

09 s C
(a) Nitty : Gritty (b) Bare : Feet

2.- Horse : Hoof :: 1 [SSC (OEO & LDC) 2012) (c) Naked : Clothes (d) Hard : Soft
29 ote
(a) Man : Foot

(b) Dog : Black
7. Book : Author (CLAT 20131
18 N
(c) Paise : Rupee (a) Rain : Flood

(b) light : Switch
+9 en
(d) Pen : Pencil

(c) Symphony : Composer
o: itt
3. Which of the following bas the same (d) Song : Music

N Wr
relationship as Sailor : Compass : : ?

[PNB (CleR} 2011) Directions (Q. Nos. 8-11) In each of the following
(a) Student : Exam questions choose that set of numbers from the
ta nd
(b) Doctor : Stethoscope four alternatives sets, that is similar to the given
on a
(c) Pen : Officer set.

C rH
ct
(d} Painter : Artist 8. Given set : (7, 77, 140)

(e) Bricks : Plumber
Fo
(a) (8, 80, 166 (b) (9, 88, 180)

4. Cells : Cytology : : ? [RRB (ASM) 2009) (c) (8, 88, 160) (d) (10, 110, 300)
(a) Worms : Ornithology 9. Given set : (32, 24, 8) (SSC (CPO> 2oos1
(b) Insects : Entomology
(a) (26, 32, 42) (b) (34, 24, 14)
(c) Disecses : Physiology
(c) (24, 16, O) (d) (42, 34, 16)
(d) Tissues : Morphology
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32
How to Crack f ,st of R'asoning. Ver bal
10. Giw•n sPt : (8. 3, 2) tS. Peat, Bituminous, Lignite

(J) ( 10 6· 5) (b) (63. 8. 3) (a) Coke
(\. ) ' 95 · 2 4 . 5) (d) (168. 15. 4) (b) Granite
(c) Basalt
11. Givt'n set : (56, 52, 36)
om
(d) Anthracite
(al \95. 90. 65) (b) (85. 80. 50)
16. In this pyramid if 11 22 31 : 12 21 32 :. 9
l.c
(C) (60. 70. 90) (d) (45. 55. 65)
12 21 : ?
ai
1
Directions CQ Nos. 12· J 5J In each of the following
gm
2 3 4
QuP~ t1c>ns. choose that word which has the same
9 8 7 6 5
relation hip among the given three words.
y@
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
12. Bhopal. Panaji, Gandh inagar 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
m
(a) Amri1sar (b) Allahabad 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
(c) Parna (d) Baroda
26 27 36
e
(a) 2 7 1 4
ad
1 l . Yuan. Kydt, Lira (b) 8 13 20
ac
(J ) D1rham (bl Turkey (C) 6 15 18
(C) Madrid (d) Mass (d) 102330
14. Yt' ll uw, Blu e, Re d

or
17. Peacock : India : : Bear : ?
t
en
(a) Black (b) Orange (a) Australia (b) America
(d) Paint (c) Russia (d) England
vm
(C) White
@
4 ct

89 nta

09 o
09 s C
1. (d) 'Burrow' 1s the dwelling place of 'Hare'. Similarly, 10. (a) 'Flower' is made of 'Petals'. Similarly, 'Book' is
·sarn· is the dwelling pl3ce of 'Owl'. made of 'Pages'.
29 ote
2. (b) 'Russian· parliament is callnd 'Duma'. Similarly, 11. (b) As, Cougar is found in South America.
'Afghanistan 's' parliament is called 'Shara'. Similarly, Okapi is found in Central Africa
)
18 N
J. (c) 'Konkani' is the language of 'Goa'. Similarly, 12. (a) As, Arrow is released from Bow.
·0ogn 1s the language of 'Jammu and Kashmir'. Similarly, Bullet is released from Pistol.
+9 en
4. (d) ·cncket' 1s played on 'Pitch'. Similarly, 13. (b) As, Cobbler uses Leather to make shoes.
o: itt
'Wrestling' is done 1n 'Arena'. Similarly, Carpenter uses Wood to make

N Wr
S. (d) As Tobacco 1s a cause of Cancer. furniture,

Srm1larty, Mosquito is the cause of Malaria. 14. (a) As. Doors are for Entry in house.
ta nd
6. (d) The words 1n each pair represent opposite Similarly, Gates are for entry in compound.
cond1t1QnS
1S. (d) As, Hongkong is in China. Similarly, Vatican is in
on a
C rH
7. t<fJ Doctor deals with 'Patient'. Similarly, 'Lawyer' Rome.

ct
deals with 'Client'.

16. (a) As, Editor is related to Magazine. Similar~.
Fo
8. (c) As 'Bald 1s related to 'Blond' 1n the same way Director is related to Drama.
'Barren 1s related to 'Fertile'. '
17. (c) As, King sits on the 'Throne'. In the same way
9. fcj ~lfst .coos11tutes the second As combining 'Rider' sits on the Seat.
Alom we. ger 'Molecule' in the same way
combining Cell we get ·o rganism'. 18. (d) Second is recording device and first is visual
device.
~canned by CamScanner ..
AEAT the number of alphabets = 5

19. (c) As. grown form ol seed is Plant. Similarly. grown 31. (o) In word G ·
term ol Bud 1s Flower. :. GREAT= (5)2 = 25
20. (o) 'Pleasure' is opposite of ·sorrow' in the same In the same way. in word NUMBER. the number
way ' Right' is opposite ol 'Wrong' .
of alphabets= 6
om
21 . (b) As. sound of Nightingale is Warble. Similarly, the : . NUMBER= (6) = 36
2
sound of Frog is Croak.
Al
l.c
22. (b) As . for finishing the 'Leather', Tanning. Method 32. (b) A H 0 p B J M
is used in the same way, 'Pyrotechnics' is used 1+2 1+31+4 1+5:: 1+21+3 1+4 +5
ai
for 'fire works.·
gm
C K
S U 0 M Q W
23. (b) MODERATE and INTENSIFY are antonyms and
NOMINAL and, EXPENSIVE are antonyms. AZ C X H QJO
y@
33. (c) +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
24. (c) The fire Burns due to presence of Oxygen and BY 0 W I PK N
the fire Extinguishes due to Carbon dioxide.
m
34. (o) As, 1 2 4 7
25. (cf} Pollution is the result of Smoke. Similarly,
+21 +21 +21 +21
e
Destruction is the result of War.
ad
26. (b) As . Tailor makes Dress. Similarly. Carpenter 3 4 6 9
ac
makes Furniture.
Similarly, -----=--~
27. (c)
I +
tor 1 3
+2 +2 +2
en
B 0 G-+C F J
I t 11 t I 2 3 5 8
vm
d
Similarly, code for EGJ is given as 35. (b) 63 + 3 =21
· 2
I t
@
27 +3= 9
E G J-+F I M
!1 1 t t 36. (b) 12 : 30 :: 18: 42
4 ct
I L_J L_J
•3
89 nta
x2+6 x2+6
28. (b) 2 6 7 59 10
37. (dJ As, 25 is common in both 25 and 625 and 6 is
B F G E I J
09 o
I added.
+3~ ±:! t- I
I
I
09 s C
I
Similarly, 35 is common in both 35 and 635 and
+~
18 22 23 21 25y 26z 6 is added.
v w u
29 ote
R 38. (d) 6524 - 59 = 6465

I
I 1~ 3 +; t !+3 9638- 59 =\ 9579l
18 N
39. (c) 1oo = 102 : 121 = 112

+9 en
29. (cf) As. A F Hl 0 144 =122 : 13

2
= 169
lT2 l +2 -2 1
o: itt
-2
40. (b) (08)
2
+2 = 66
N Wr
C H F M (06)2 + 2 = 38
Similarly,
ta nd
G B D J 41. (c) As, 5+ 8+ 3=16J

+4
on a
1+21+21-21-2 4+ 8+ 8==20
C rH
ct
Similarly,
D B H
Fo
2+9+ 3=14J
S G D +4
30. (a) H C M 3+8+7=18
1-21-2 1-2 .. 1Q-21-2
E
1-2
B
F A K
34 How to Crack Test of Reasoning. Ver.bal
8. Expert Level Exercise
1. (c) Scalpel is used by Surgeon during operation, in 10. (b) Here,
the same way, Sculptor uses his Chisel for
crating sculptures.
2. (a) The Hoofs of an animal such as a Horse are tho
hard lower parts of its feet. In the same wa~1
om
Similarly, 32- 1
Foots are the lower parts of Man.
"
l.c
3. (b) 'Sailor' is judge the direction through 'Compass' 63 8 3
same as 'Doctor' is judge the breathing and heart t J
ai
beats through 'Stethoscope'.
82-1
gm
4. (b) 'Cytology' is the science of study of 'Cells'. In the
same way 'Entomology' is the Science of study 11. (o) Given, 56 52 36
I ti +
y@
of 'Insects'.
-4 _42
S. (b) As, Chair is made of Wood. Similarly, Mirror is
made of Glass. 95 90 65
m
Then,
6. (c) As, Nuts are covered with Bolts. Similarly, Naked
. _ I_ _ ti +
e
2
-5 - 5
ad
is covered with Clothes.
7. (c) Book is written by Author. Similarly. Symptooy is 12. (c) All are the Capitals of Indian States.
ac
composed by Composer. 13. (a) All are the currencies of different Countries.
8. (c) As,
7 77 7 140
t or
14. (b) All are the colours of rainbow.
15. (d)
en
L_J ; L__J
16. (b)
·· 7 X 11 7 x 20
vm
Similarly,
1
8 88 8 160 2 3 4
@
L_J L_J
8 x 11 8 x 20 ~7 6 5
(!}( ~14
4 ct
10 15 16
9. (c) Here, 32
89 nta
24 8
L_jL__J
25 24 23~~@ 19 18 17
-8 -16 26 27 28 2930@@ 33 34 35 36
09 o
09 s C
Similarly, 24 16 0 In this pyramid, yol:1 can see the pattern.

I fl_J So, the correct option is 8, 13, 20
29 ote
-8 -16 17
• (c) ~·. Peacock . is the National Bird of India
S1m1larty, Bear is the National Animal of Russia
18 N
+9 en
o: itt
N Wr
ta nd
on a
C rH
ct
Fo
yoursmahboob. wprdpress. com
om
Classification
l.c
ai
gm
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m
Classification means 'to assort the items' of a given group on the basis of a
e
certain common quality they possess· and then spot the stranger o.- 'odd one
ad
out'.
ac
or
These questions are b.a sed on words, letters and numerals. In these types
t
en
of problems, we consider the defining quality of particular things. In these
questions, four or five elements are given, out of.whi.ch one does not belong to
vm
the group. You are required to find the 'odd one'.

@
Note There may be possibility of more than one logic to be applicable but we need to apply optimum
and best logic of all possibilities.
4 ct
There are several types of questions tliat can be asked on classification in

89 nta
different catagories. Some of the types are discussed below

09 o
Type 1 Choosing the Odd Word

09 s C
In these type of problems, some words are given which belong to real
29 ote
world. They have some common features except the odd one. You are required
to find the 'odd one out'.
18 N
Directions (Illustrations 1-3) In each of the following questions, five words have been given ou:
+9 en
of which four are alike in some manner while the fifth one is different. Choose the odd one.
o: itt
N Wr
1. (a) Pear (b) Apple (c) litchi (d) Guava (e) Orange
Solution (e) Out of given fruits orange is citrus fruit. So, it is different from others.
ta nd
2. (a) Deck (b) Quay (c) Stern (d) Bow (e) Mast
on a
C rH
Solution (b) All except quay are parts of a ship.

ct
Fo
3. (a) Tomato (b) Gourd (c) Brinjal · (d) Cucumber (e) Potato
Solution (e) All the vegetables except potato grow above the ground level.
.·
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vmentoracademy.com
36 How to Crack Test of Reasoning. Verbal Examtrix.com
Type 2 Choosing the Odd Pair of Words

· .. the basis of s-ome cotn
In this type of classification, different pairs are classified on lllll~
features/ properties like names, places, uses, situations, origin, etc. .
. of words are given out of wn·
Directions (Illustrations 4-6) In each of the following questions, five/four palfsthe pair in which the words 'c~
om
words in four/three pairs bear a certain common relationship. Choose are
l.c
differently related. . tonym of heavy. But in other rh:
' t·' n (b) Light is an ~rs
Soiu 10 d re synonyms.
ai
4. (a) Gold : Ornaments (b) Cloth : Garments
. w~sa
(c) Wood : Furniture (d) Leather : Footwear (b) Ink : Pen
gm
(e) Earthen pots : Clay 6. (a) Petrol : Car b. (d) Lead : Pencil
Solution (e) Except pair (e), in all other pairs, the first is (c) Garbage : oust. '°(d) ·in all other pairs fii
y@
· used to make the second .
th e raw material Solution (d) Except pair d for its functioning. rst is
required by the secon .
m
5. (a) Broad : Wide (b) Light : Heavy
e
(c) Tiny : Small (d) Big : Large
ad
Type 3 Choosing the Odd Letter Group f them is different
ac
rs a re given. One out o dtld
In this type of problems, some groups of lette
this is need to identify as the relevent Answer. t or
en
h. h 1·s different from others.
Directions (Illustrations 7-9) Choose the group of letters w ic (c) JR6
9 (a) DG2 (b) EKS
vm
7. (a) H (b) Q • (d) PY8 (e) RV3

(c) T (d) Z • (c) Taking A = 1 s
= 2 .... , Z = 26, then
Je~ers .except (~). occupy the DG2 = G - (~ + 2) = 7 - (4 + 2) = 1
@
Solution (b) All other Solution

even-numbered positions in the Enghsh alphabets. ) 11 (5 + 5) - 1
EK5 = K - (E + 5 = - -
4 ct
8. (a) GE (b) MK JR6 = R - (J + 6) = 18- (10 <+- 6) = 2

89 nta
(d) QN
(c) WU PY8 = Y- (P + 8) = 25 - (16 + 8) = 1
Solution (d} Here. G E M K W U Q N
RV3 =V- (R + 3) = 22 - (18 + 3) == 1
09 o
LJ LJ LJ LJ
09 s C
F L v P,0
29 ote
Type 4 Choosing the Odd Number/Pair of Numbers

18 N
In this type of classification, certain numbers/pair of numbers are given, out of which except
+9 en
one, all have some common characteristics and hence are alike. The 'different one' is to be chosen
as the answer.
o: itt
N Wr
Directions (Illustrations 10-14) In each of the following questions, five/four numbers are given. Out of these,
our/three are alike in a certain way but the fifth one is different. Choose the one which is different from the rest
ta nd
four/three.
10. (a) 2 (b) 32 11. (a) 57
on a
(b) 87 (c) 131

C rH
(c) 56 (d) 128 (d) 133 (e) 143

ct
Solution (c) Each of the numbers except 56, can be Solution (c) Except 131 , all other numbers are non-prime
Fo
expressed in terms of powers of 2. (composite) numbers .
..
Chapter 3 • C•assification 37
12. (a) 144 (b) 169 (c) 256 14. (a) 21 : 24 (b) 28: 32 (c) 14 : 16
(d) 288 (e) 324 (d) 70 : 80 (e) 54 : 62
Solution (d) Except 288. all other numbers are square of 21 7
natural numbers. Solution (e) Here.
24
=a :
As. 12 2 == 144 28 7 14 7 .
2
13 = 169 32 = 8; 16 = 8'
om
2
16 =256 70 7
-=-
2
18 = 324 80 8
l.c
54 27
13. (a) 125 (b) 216 and 62 =31
ai
(c) 729
(d) 525 (e) 343 Except option (e) every ratio is equal i.e., 7/8.
gm
Solution (d) Except 525, all other numbers are cubes of
natural numbers.
y@
m
Let us Practice.
e
ad
ac
Directions
or
(Q. Nos. 1-30) In the following questions. three/four out of the four/five alternatives are same in a
t
en
certain way and so form a group. Find the odd one that does not belong to the group.
1. (a) Unicorn (b) Rhino (c) Fox 10. (a) Sky (b) Star (c) Planet
vm
(d) Antelope (e) Jackal - (d) Comet (e) Moon

2. (a) Swimming (b) Sailling 11. (a) Rigveda (b) Yajurveda
@
(c) Diving (d) Driving (c) Atharveda (d) Ayurveda

(e) Boating (e) Samaveda
4 ct
[EPFO 2011)
89 nta
3. (a) Blackmail (b) Smuggling 12. (a) Frequency polygon

(c) Snobbery (d) Forgery (b) Rectangle
(e) Sabotage
09 o
(c) Bar
09 s C
(d) Pi [SSC (Steno) 2013)

4. (a) Gallon (b) Ton
(c) Quintal (d) Kilogram 13. (a) Silicon (b) Platinum
29 ote
[SSC (CPO) 2012) (c) Arsenic (d) Antimony

14. (a) Carpenter (b) Goldsmith
18 N
5. (a) Zinc (b) Bronze

(c) Blacksmith
(d) Platinum (d) Driver
(c) Silver
+9 en
[SSC (Constable) 2012)

[SSC (CGL) 2013)
o: itt
6. (a) Herd (b) Flight

15. (a) Misdeed (b) Corruption
N Wr
(c) Failure (d) Offence

(c) Hound (d) Swarm
(e) Villainy
[SSC (Steno) 2013]
ta nd
16. (a) Rain (b) Shower

7. (a) Ring (b) Tyre (c) Plate (c) Sleet (d) Raisin
on a
(d) Bangle (e) Rubber tube

C rH
ct
[SBI (Clerk) 2011] 17. (a) Rickshaw (b) Taxi (c) Tanga
(d) Cart (e) Phaeton
Fo
8. (a) Huge (b) Tiny (c) Heavy

(d) Small (e) Big 18. (a) Brass (b) Gun metal
(c) Bronze (d) Germanium
9. (a) Cheese (b) Wine (SSC (Steno) 2013)
(c) Milk (d) Curd
38 How to Crack Test of Reasoning. Verbal
(b) ~
19. ia) Mountain (b) Valley 34. (a) dcba
(d) hgfe
(c) Glacier (d) Sea-coast (c) srpq
(SSC <Multitaski
(e) Ridge "II ~o
35. (a) GMS
(b) EKO (c) Jou i•i
20. (a) Graph (b) Chart (c) Model
(d) LAX (e) BHN
om
(d) Drawing (e) Figure (IBPS (CIMI) 2012)
36. (a) POXZ (b) BCON (c) ABDF
l.c
21. (a) Mountain (b) Hill
(d) MNPA (e) GHJL
(c) Plateau (d) Plane [Corporatio" Bank (PQ)
ai
201
~
(SSC (10+2) 2013)
(b) EBCD
gm
37. (a) DACB
(d) XUWI
22. (a) Asia (b) Australia (c) America (c) SPOA
y@
(d) Africa (e) England
38. (a) MOR (b) GIL (c) SUX
23. (a) Cello (b) Guitar
(d) ACF (e) VXZ
m
(c) Flute (d) VIOiin
[SSC (Multftulling) 2012) (b) UXV (c) CFO
e
39. (a) HKI
(e) GJH
ad
(b) Elegant (d) MON
24. (a) Sweetness
(c) Bright (d) Beautiful
ac
(SSC (Multltulling) 2012) 40. (a) BdEg (b) PrSu (c) KmNp
(d) TwXz (e) HjKm
25. (a) Cholera (b) AIDS
(e) Jaundice
(c) Cancer
(LIC CMO> 2011)
t or
41. (a) CdaB (b) VwtU (c) LmjK
en
(d) Health
(d) AsqP (e) HifG
26. (b) Slit
vm
(a) Chop 42. (a) FIJL (b) AUVX

(c) Chirp (d) Slice (d) NPQS
(c) DGHJ
27. (b) History
@
(a) Political Science

(c) Philosophy (d) Physics [SSC (CPO) 2013) 43. (a) ABDG (b) CDFI (c) EFHK
(d) GHJK (e) HIKN
4 ct
28. (a) AuthOf (b) Novelist [IBPS (Clerl<.l loiq

89 nta
(c) Poet (d) Publisher

(SSC (10+ 2) 2013) 44. (a) ABYl (b) CDWX
(c) EFUV (d) GHTV
09 o
29. (a) Barter (b) Purchase

[RRB (ASM) 20I~
09 s C
(C) Sale (d) Borrow

(SSC (10+2) 2013) 45. (a) DFIMR (b) CEHLQ
29 ote
(c) GILPU (d) HJMPT [SNAP 201 ~

30. (a) Scurvy (b) Rickets
(c) Night-blindness (d) lntlu(l{lza
46. (a)
18 N
[SSC (CCL) 2013)

HJN (b) JLP (c) PRU
(d) QSW (e) ACG
+9 en
[PNB (Cieri<) 20111

Directions (Q. Nos. 31-50) In each of the following
o: itt
questions. some groups of letters are given, all of 47. (a) BDFH (b) MOOS
sum
N Wr
which, except one, share a common feature while (c) (d) TVZE
one is different. Choose the odd one out.
48. (a) CDFE (b) JKLM
ta nd
(c) STVU
31. (a) A (b) E (c) I (d) WXZf (e) HIKJ [LIC (ADO) 20121
(d) z (e) U
on a
49.
C rH
(a) NKHE (b) MIDA

ct
32. (a) A (b) D (c) F (c) KHEB (d) WTQN

(d) K (e) T
Fo
[SSC (10+2) 20tlJ

33. (a) MORV (b) CEHL 50. (a) 3216
(c) CENT (b) 2338
(d) JLOS
(c) 3205 (d) 2015 (COS 2011)
[SSC <CGL) 2013)
yoursma s.com
39
Chapter 3 • Classification
01recti0ns _(Q. _Nos. 51-~4) In each of the following questions, five/four numbers are given. Out of these four/three
are alike ma certam way but one is different. Choose the one which is different from the rest four/three.
51. (a) 9. 49 (b) 13, 121 57. (a) 72 (b) 45 (c) 81 (d) 28
(C) 10, 61 (d) 7, 25 (SSC (CPO) 2013]
52. (a) 14, 17, 23 (b) 19, 22, 28

58. (a) 527 (b) 639 (c) 246 (d) 356
(c) 17, 20, 26 (d) 2 1, 23, 30 59. (a) 17 (b) 44 (c) 29 (d) 13
om
(SSC (Steno) 2013) 60. (a) 729 (b) 123 (c) 423 (d) 621
53. (a) 4867 (b) 5555
(c) 124 (d) 210
61.
l.c
(c) 6243 (d) 6655 (a) 24 (b) 60
(RRB (Croup ' 0 ') 2011) 62. (a) 25 (b) 9 (c) 16 (d) 18
ai
(SSC (Multitasking) 2013}
54. (a) 272 (b) 210 (c) 240 (d) 304
gm
• "f
[SSC (CCL) 2013) (c) 290
..
63. (a) 120 (b) 168
SS. (a) 46, 57 (b) 38, 49 (d) 380 (e) 728
y@
(C) 41 , 52 (d) 64, 73
64. (a) 15 (b) 63 (c) 143
56. (a) 144 (b) 169 (c) 196 (d) 210 (d) 195 (e) 267
e m
8. Expert level Exercise
ad
Directions (~. Nos. 1-15) In each of the following questions, four/five pairs of words are given, out of these ~ords
ac
one pa1r does not bear the common relationship which rest bear. You are required to find that odd patr.
l. (a) Needle-Prick
(c) Auger-Bore
(b) Gun-Fire
(d) Chisel-Carve
8.
t(a)
(b)
or
Ice cube : Cold
Iron : Hard
en
[SSC (LDC & DEO) 2012) (c) Marble : Smooth
(d) Purse : Money
vm
2. (a) Lion-Roar (b) Snake-Hiss

(c) Bees-Hum (d) Frog -Bleat 9. (a) Petrol-Car
(e) Dog-Bark
@
[IBPS (Cieri<) 2011) (b) Electricity-Television

(c) Ink-Pen
3. (a) Dim : Bright (d) Dust-Vacuum Cleaner
4 ct
(b) Wrong : Right (e) Pen-Paper {LIC (MO) 2012)

89 nta
(c) Shallow : Deep

(d) Genuine : Real 10. (a) Day : Night (b) Up : Down
(e) Involvement : Indifference (c) Across : Along (d) Small : Large
09 o
09 s C
4. (a) Oil : Lamp 11. (a) Flag : Flagship

(b) Water : Tap (b) Court : Courtship
29 ote
(c) Oxygen: Ute (c) War : Worship

(d) Power : Machine (d) Friend : Friendship
18 N
5. (a) Circle : Arc 12. (a) Tree : Stem

+9 en
(b) Line : Dot (b) Face : Eye

(c) Hexagon : Angle (c) Chair: Sofa
o: itt
(d) Square : Line [SSC (10+2) 2013) (d) Plant : Flower

N Wr
6. (a) Captain-Team 13. (a) Light-Heavy (b) Crime-Blame

ta nd
(b) Boss-Gang (c) Short-Long (d) Man-Woman

(c) Prime Minister-Cabinet {COS 20111
on a
(d) Artist-Troupe [RRB (Group '0') 2012)

C rH
14. (a) Principal : School

ct
7. (a) Hard-Soft (b) Pointed-Blunt (b) Soldier : Barrack

Fo
(c) Sweet-Sour (d) Long-High (c) Artist : Troupe

(e) Day~Night [UC (ADO) 2012) (d) Singer : Chorus
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Another random document with
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explication of them.” Give me leave therefore, Rev. Sir, if you are
pleased to favour me with another letter, to let me know how you
explain these important points, or what you can find inconsistent with
scripture, or the articles of the church of England, in those
discourses which I have published, and in which I have endeavoured
to treat on these points in an explicit manner.
I would observe to you, that I wish every non-resident minister in

England, could give as good an account of their non-residence, as I
can of my absence from Savannah. To satisfy you, Rev. Sir, I will
acquaint you with the whole. When I first went abroad, I was
appointed to be minister of Frederica. But upon my arrival in
Georgia, finding there was no minister at Savannah, and no place of
worship at Frederica, by the advice of magistrates and people, I
continued at Savannah, teaching publicly, and from house to house,
and catechising the children day by day, during the whole time of my
first continuance in Georgia; except about a fortnight in which I went
to Frederica to visit the people, and to see about building a church,
for which I had given fifty pounds out of some money I had collected,
and of which I have given a public account. About four months after,
I came over to England to receive priest’s orders, and collect money
for building an Orphan-house. At the request of many, the
honourable trustees presented me to the living of Savannah. I
accepted it, but refused the stipend of fifty pounds per annum, which
they generously offered me. Neither did I put them to any expence
during my stay in England, where I thought it my duty to abide, till I
had collected a sufficient sum wherewith I might begin the Orphan-
house, though I should have left England sooner, had I not been
prevented by the embargo. However, I was more easy because the
honourable trustees, I knew had sent over another minister, who
arrived soon after I left the colony. Upon my second arrival at
Georgia, finding the care of the Orphan-house, and the care of the
parish, too great a task for me, I immediately wrote over to the
honourable trustees to provide another minister. In the mean while,
as most of my parishioners were in debt, or ready to leave the colony
for want of being employed, and as I believed, that erecting an
Orphan-house would be the best thing I could do for them and their
posterity, I thought it my duty, from time to time, to answer the
invitations that were sent me to preach Christ Jesus in several
parts of America, and to make more collections towards carrying on
the Orphan-house. The Lord stirred up many to be ready to
distribute and willing to communicate on this occasion. I always
came home furnished with provisions and money, most of which was
expended among the people, and by this means the northern part of
the colony almost entirely subsisted for a considerable time. This
was asserted, not very long ago, before the house of commons. And
now, Sir, judge you whether my non-residence, was any thing like
the non-residents of most of the English clergy. When I was absent
from my parishioners, I was not loitering or living at ease, but
preaching and begging for them and theirs: and when I returned, it
was not to fleece my flock, and then go and spend it upon my lusts,
or lay it up for a fortune for myself and relations. No: freely as I had
received, freely I gave: and “therefore when the ear heard me, then it
blessed me; and when the eye saw me, it gave witness to me:
because I delivered the poor that cried, and the fatherless, and him
that had none to help him. The blessing of him that was ready to
perish came upon me; and I caused the widow’s heart to sing for
joy.” I am become a fool in glorying. But you have compelled me.
The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ knoweth that I lie
not. I fought not theirs, but them. And however you may judge me,
(page 20th) as though I chose this itinerant way of preaching for the
sake of Profit; yet I assure you the last day will prove that you and all
like-minded are quite mistaken. I choose a voluntary poverty. The
love of God and the good of souls is my only aim. The manner of my
call to my present way of acting, if the Lord gives me freedom, shall
be the subject of a future tract. I send you this short letter, to
convince you that I am really willing to give an answer of the hope
that is in me, with ♦meekness and fear. I shall only add, if you do not
like the example of Gallio (page 27th) I would humbly recommend to
you the advice of Gamaliel. “Refrain from these men, and let them
alone: for if this council, or this work be of men, it will come to
nought: but if it be of God, ye cannot overthrow it, lest haply ye be
found even to fight against God.” I am, Rev. Sir,
Your affectionate brother and servant,
George Whitefield.
♦ “meakness” replaced with “meekness”

AN
A N S W ER
TO
The First Part of an Anonymous Pamphlet,

entitled, “Observations upon the Conduct and
Behaviour of a certain Sect usually
distinguished by the Name of Methodists.”
IN A
L E T T ER
TO
The Right Reverend the BISHOP of LONDON,

and the other Right Reverend the BISHOPS
concerned in the Publication thereof.
False Witnesses did rise up: they laid to my Charge Things that I
knew not,
Psalms xxxv. 11.

A
L E T T ER
To the Right Reverend
The Bishop of London, &c.

London, March 1744.
My Lords,
T HE Apostle Peter exhorts us, “to be ready to give an answer to

every one that asketh us a reason of the hope that is in us,
with meekness and fear.” And if this is to be our conduct towards
every one, much more are we bound to behave thus to those who
are overseers of the church of God, and consequently are invested
with an authority to require an answer at our hands.
A desire of complying with this apostolical injunction, induced me,

my Lords, about five weeks ago, to publish an Advertisement ¹,
wherein I desired an open publication of several anonymous papers,
entitled, Observations upon the conduct and behaviour of a certain
sect, usually distinguished by the name of Methodists. Papers,
which, upon enquiry, I found had been printed some considerable
time, had been read in the societies of London and Westminster, and
handed about in a private manner to particular friends, with strict
orders to part with them to no one. What could be the meaning of
such a procedure, I know not. But this I know, however such a
clandestine way of acting, may savour of the wisdom of the serpent,
it does not bespeak that ♦ harmlessness of the dove, which our
Saviour in an especial manner recommends to his ministers.
¹ Whereas some anonymous papers against the people
called Methodists in general, and myself and friends in
particular, have been for some weeks printed in a large
edition, and handed about and read in the religious
societies of the cities of London and Westminster, and
given into the hands of many private persons, with strict
injunctions to lend them to no one, nor let them go out of
their hands to any; and whereas, after having accidentally
had the hasty perusal of them, I find many queries of great
importance concerning me, and my conduct, contained
therein; and as it appears that one paper has little or no
connexion with another, and a copy, when applied for, was
refused me, and I know not how soon I may embark for
Georgia; I am therefore obliged hereby to desire a speedy
open publication of the aforesaid papers, in order that a
candid, impartial answer may be made thereto by me,
George Whitefield.
London, January 26, 1744.
♦ “harmlesness” replaced with “harmlessness”
Who the real author of these papers may be, I am not yet able for
a certainty to find out. But I had reason to believe, that my Lord of
London was concerned in composing or revising them. That I might
not be mistaken, after the publication of the advertisement, I wrote
his Lordship a letter ¹, wherein I desired to know, whether his
Lordship was the author of this paper or not, and also desired a
copy. His Lordship was pleased to send word by my friend, who
carried the letter, that “I should hear from him.” Hitherto his Lordship
has not favoured me with an answer. Only some time ago, one Mr.
Owen, a printer, in Amen-Corner, Pater-noster Row, who is printer to
my Lord of London, left a letter ² for me, wherein he informed me,
that he had orders from Several of the Bishops to print the
Observations on the conduct and behaviour of the Methodists (with
some few Additions) for their use; and when the impression was
finished, I should have a copy. Why my Lord of London, or the
several other Bishops concerned, should conceal their names, or
why a copy should be denied me, so long after the papers had been
printed, I leave the world to judge. I cannot think such a way of
proceeding can gain your Lordships any credit from the public, or
any thanks from the other Bishops who have not interested
themselves in this affair, and who, I believe, are more noble, than to
countenance the publication of any such performance.
¹ My Lord,
London, February 1, 1744.
Simplicity becomes the followers of Jesus Christ, and
therefore I think it my duty to trouble your Lordship with
these few lines. I suppose your Lordship has seen the
advertisement published by me, about four days ago,
concerning some anonymous papers, which have been
handed about in the societies for some considerable time.
As I think it my duty to answer them, I should be glad to be
informed whether the report be true, that your Lordship
composed them, that I may the better know to whom I may
direct my answer. A sight also of one of the copies, if in
your Lordship’s keeping, would much oblige, my Lord,
Your Lordship’s most obliged, dutiful son and
servant,
George Whitefield.
P. S. The bearer will bring your Lordship’s answer; or if

your Lordship please to favour me with a line, be pleased
to direct for me, to be left with Mr. J. Syms, &c.
² Sir,
February 3. 1744.
My name is Owen. I am a printer in Amen-Corner; and
I waited upon you to let you know, that I have had orders
from several of the Bishops, to print for their use, such
numbers of the Observations upon the conduct and
behaviour of the Methodists, (with some few additions) as
they have respectively bespoken. And I will not fail to wait
upon you with one copy, as soon as the impression is
finished. I am, Sir,
Your most obedient, &c.
It is a weighty thing with me, my Lords, to have insinuations
made, or queries put to me, in respect to my practice and doctrine, in
such a public manner, by persons that are placed at the head of the
church. It is true, your Lordships have not put queries to me in your
own names; but as the author has concealed his, and these papers
are printed by your Lordships orders, you have thereby adopted
them for your own; consequently, I am put under a necessity of
directing this letter as I have done. And I can assure your Lordships,
that with great deference to the dignity of your office, after earnest
prayer, with I trust some degree of humility, and unfeigned simplicity
of heart, I now sit down to perform my promise, to give a candid and
impartial answer to the fore-mentioned papers, which were sent me
last week, (collected into a pamphlet) by Mr. Owen; and I suppose,
by your Lordships order.
I never yet was, and hope never shall be so far left to lean to my
own understanding, as to fancy myself infallible. Young as I am, I
know too much of the devices of Satan, and of the desperate
wickedness and deceitfulness of my own heart; not to be sensible,
that I am a man of like passions with others, and consequently may
have sometimes mistaken nature for grace, imagination for
revelation, and the fire of my own temper, for the pure and sacred
flame of holy zeal, which cometh from God’s altar.—If therefore,
upon perusing the pamphlet, I find that I have been blameable in any
respect (as in all probability I may) I will not only confess it, but return
hearty thanks both to the compiler and your Lordships, though
unknown.
Indeed, it is but of little consequence to the merits of the cause to

know who the author is. Only thus much may be said, your Lordships
yourselves being judges, it is not quite fair to give stabs in the dark;
and it is some satisfaction to the person attacked, to know who and
what his antagonists are, that he may know the better how to deal
with them. But since that cannot be granted, it may be more to the
purpose, to consider the matters contained in the pamphlet, and to
answer for myself, so far as I am concerned.
It is entitled, Observations upon the conduct and behavior (i. e.
upon the conduct and conduct) of a certain sect, usually
distinguished by the name of Methodists. I think the title ought rather
to run thus,—Misrepresentations of the conduct and principles, of
many orthodox, well-meaning ministers, and members of the church
of England, and loyal subjects to his Majesty King George, falsely
termed a Sect, and usually distinguished, out of contempt, by
the name of Methodists. This title, my Lords, would just answer the
contents. For the principles as well as conduct of the Methodists are
struck at, and greatly misrepresented in this pamphlet. And the
Methodists are no sect, no separatists from the established church,
neither do they call people from her communion. Besides, the author
ought to have added, A new edition, with several alterations,
additions and corrections; for otherwise the world is made to believe,
that this is the self-same composition which was handed about some
months ago, and of which I had a hasty reading. Whereas there are
several things omitted, some things added, and divers alterations
made in this new edition; so that the title-page is not only injudicious,
but false and scandalous.
And if the title-page is so bad, I fear the design and scope of the
pamphlet itself is much worse. For is it not to represent the
proceedings of the Methodists as dangerous to the church and state,
in order to procure an act of parliament against them, or oblige them
to secure themselves by turning dissenters?
But is not such a motion, at such a season as this, both

uncharitable and unseasonable? Is not the administration engaged
enough already in other affairs, without troubling themselves with the
Methodists? Or who would now advise them to bring farther guilt
upon the nation, by persecuting some of the present government’s
most hearty friends? I say, my Lords, the present government’s most
hearty friends. For though the Methodists (as the world calls them)
disagree in some particulars, yet I dare venture to affirm, that to a
man they all agree in this, to love and honour the king. For my own
part, I profess myself a zealous friend to his present Majesty King
George, and the present administration. ♦Wherever I go, I think it my
duty to pray for, and to preach up obedience to him, and all that are
set in authority under him, in the most explicit manner. And I believe,
should it ever come to the trial, the poor despised Methodists, who
love his Majesty out of principle, would cleave close to him in the
most imminent danger, when others that adhere to him, only for
preferments, perhaps might not appear altogether so hearty. My
Lords, I have now been a preacher above seven years, and for these
six years past, have been called to act in a very public way. Your
Lordships must have heard of the very great numbers that have
attended me: sometimes several of the nobility, and now and then,
even some of the clergy have been present. Did they ever hear me
speak a disloyal word? Are there not thousands can testify, how
fervently and frequently I pray for his Majesty King George, his royal
offspring, and the present government? Yes, my Lords, they can.
And I trust, through the divine assistance, I should be enabled to do
so, though surrounded with popish enemies, and in danger of dying
for it as soon as my prayer was ended. This, my Lords, as far as I
am acquainted with them, is the present temper of my friends, as
well as myself. And may I not then appeal to your Lordships, whether
it be not the interest of the administration to encourage such
persons, or at least to let them alone? Gallio, on a like occasion,
thought it his wisdom to act thus. “For when the Jews made
insurrection with one accord against Paul, and brought him to the
judgment-seat, saying, this fellow persuadeth men to worship God
contrary to the law; he said unto the Jews, if it were a matter of
wrong or wicked lewdness, O ye Jews, reason would that I should
bear with you. But if it be a question of words and names, and of
your law, look ye to it, for I will be no judge of such matters.” Nay, he
was so far from approving of their motion, that he drove them from
the judgment-seat.
♦ “Whereever” replaced with “Wherever”
My Lords, I know of no law of the state that we have broken, and

therefore we have not incurred the displeasure of the civil power. If
your Lordships apprehend that we are liable to ecclesiastical
censures, we are ready to make a proper defence whenever called
to it by our ecclesiastical superiors. As for myself, your Lordships
very well know that I am a Batchelor of Arts, have taken the oaths,
subscribed to the articles, and have been twice regularly ordained. In
this character I have acted both at home and abroad, and know of no
law of our government which prohibits my preaching in any field,
barn, street, or out-house whatsoever.
It is true, one or two of my friends, who preach as I do, were bred

dissenters, and had been licensed, and preached in licensed places
before my acquaintance with them; and one or two of the houses
where the Methodists meet, have, without my knowledge, been
licensed since; and therefore the author of the pamphlet is quite
mistaken in his first paragraph (as well as the title page and design
of his pamphlet) wherein he declares, that “it does not appear that
any of the preachers among the Methodists have qualified
themselves and the places (it would have been better English if he
had said, qualified themselves, and licensed the places) of their
assembling, according to the act of toleration; which act warrants
separate assemblies for the worship of God, that before were
unlawful.” I wish the author had taken a little more care to inform
himself before he published the pamphlet. He would not then have
been guilty of so many egregious mistakes, or without cause have
condemned the innocent, as he hath done. However, in the general,
he is right,—for, as yet, we see no sufficient reason to leave the
church of England, and turn dissenters; neither will we do it till we
are thrust out. When a ship is leaky, prudent sailors, that value the
cargo, will not leave it to sink, but rather continue in it so long as they
can, to help pump out the water. I leave the author, my Lords, to
make the application.
But whether the Methodists are church-men or dissenters, the

acts of King Charles II. referred to, page 3. paragraph 1. and page 4,
paragraph 2. make nothing against them, neither do they prove the
Methodists to be violaters of the statute law, by their being field-
preachers. And what the author so peremptorily affirms, page 4.
paragraph 3. (and which, by the way, is one of the few additions
made in this, which was not in the last edition) is directly false. For
he says, that “it has not been known, that a Dissenting teacher of
any denomination whatever, has thought himself warranted under
the act of toleration, to preach in fields or streets.” It may not, indeed,
be known to the author; but I know, my Lords, two of the most
eminent among the Dissenting ministers, who have thought
themselves warranted, if not by the act of toleration, yet by the laws
of the land, to preach out of doors; and accordingly, when the house
would not contain the people, they have preached in a field or
orchard, and near the common high-way. My Lords, I have been
perusing all the acts of King Charles II. wherein the word field is
mentioned, and find they are intended “to suppress seditious
conventicles, for promoting further, and more proper, speedy
remedies against the growing and dangerous practices of seditious
sectaries, and other disloyal persons, who, under pretence of tender
consciences, have, or may, at their meetings contrive insurrections
(as late experience hath shewn)”. These, my Lords, are the
preambles of the acts. These are the only field-meetings I can find
that are prohibited. And how, my Lords, can such acts be applied to
the Methodists? Does not such an application imply a charge against
the Methodists, as though they were seditious sectaries, disloyal
persons, who, under pretence of tender ♦consciences, have, or may
contrive insurrections? Has any late experience shewn this? No, my
Lords, and I hope no future experience ever will. How then can your
Lordships, with a safe conscience, encourage such a pamphlet, or
bespeak any number of Mr. Owen, in order, as may be supposed,
that they should be dispersed among your Lordships’ clergy? Well
might the author conceal his name. A more notorious libel has not
been published. I am apt to believe, that Mr. Owen the printer is of
my mind also; for he has taken care in the title-page, not to let the
world know where, or by whom, this pamphlet was printed. It comes
into public like a child dropt, that no body cares to own. And, indeed,
who can be blamed for disowning such a libel? For how, my Lords,
does it appear by these acts, what the author so confidently asserts,
page 4, paragraph 2, “that this new sect of Methodists have broken
through all these provisions and restraints, neither regarding the
penalties of the laws, which stand in full force against them, nor
embracing the protection which the act of toleration might give them,
in case they complied with the conditions of it?” How can he
immediately add, “and if this be not an open defiance to government,
it is hard to say what is?” May I not more justly say, if this be not an
open defamation, and open defiance of all rules of charity, it is hard
to say what is? Might he not as well tax the Methodists with high
treason? Father, forgive him! Lord Jesus, lay not this sin to his
charge!
♦ “consciencies” replaced with “consciences”
Though the reign, my Lords, of King Charles II. wherein the acts
before referred to were made, was not the most mild and moderate
in religious matters, yet your Lordships very well know the famous
trial of Mede and Penn; and, after the jury had been confined a long
time, they brought them in, guilty only of speaking in Gracechurch-
street. And if Quakers met with so much lenity under the reign of
King Charles, what liberty of preaching in fields, and elsewhere, may
not the loyal ministers and members of the church of England, nay,
protestant Dissenting teachers also, expect under the more gentle
and moderate reign of his present Majesty King George, who, as I
have been informed, has declared, “there shall be no persecution in
his days.” May the crown long flourish on his royal head, and a
popish Pretender never be permitted to sit upon the English throne!
To this, I believe, all the Methodists will heartily say, Amen, and
Amen.
That the Methodists, in general, are members of the Established

Church, the author of the pamphlet himself confesses. For, page 4,
paragraph 4. after he has, without proof, charged them with making
open inroads upon the national constitution; he adds, that “these
teachers and their followers affect to be thought members of the
national church.” And his following words prove that they not only
affect it, but are members of the Established Church in reality: for,
says he, “and do accordingly join in communion with it.” And it
appears, paragraph 6. that some of the Methodists communicate
every Lord’s-day. What better proof can they give of their being
members of the Church of England? It would be well if all her
members gave a like proof. But then, says our author, page 4,
paragraph 4, they do it in a manner that is “very irregular, and
contrary to the directions laid down in the rubrick before the
communion, which is established by the act of uniformity.” (Here is
another correction in this new edition.) In the copy that I read, it was
“contrary to the directions laid down in our great rule, the act of
uniformity.” I am glad the author found out his mistake, in putting the
act of uniformity, for the rubrick. I hope the next edition will come out
more correct still. This rubrick, says he, directs as follows: page 4,
paragraph 4: “So many as intend to be partakers of the holy
communion, shall signify their names to the curate, at least, some
time the day before.” And, for not doing this, the new sect of
Methodists, paragraph 5. page 6. is charged not only with breaking
through, but “notoriously despising these wholsome rules.” But how
unjust is such a charge? When I read it, it put me in mind of what the
poor persecuted officers of the children of Israel said to Pharaoh,
Exodus v. 15, 16. “Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy servants?
There is no straw given unto thy servants. They say unto us, Make
brick, and behold thy servants are beaten, but the fault is in thy own
people.” For, my Lords, is it not the business of the clergy to see this
rubrick put in execution? And is it not the duty of the church-
wardens, according to the 28th canon, quoted by our author, page 5,
paragraph 4, “to mark whether any strangers come often, and
commonly from other parishes to their churches, and to shew the
ministers of them.” But, my Lords, where is this rubrick or canon
observed, or insisted on by the ministers or church-wardens through
England, Ireland, Wales, or his Majesty’s town of Berwick upon
Tweed, except now and then, when they entertain a grudge against
some particular Methodists? These, my Lords, would rejoice to see,
that ministers and church-wardens would do their duty in this
particular. For many of them have been so offended by the clergy’s
promiscuously and carelesly admitting all sorts of people to the
communion, that if it had not been for me, they would have left the
church only upon this account. We would therefore humbly
recommend it to your Lordships, that you, and the rest of the Right
Reverend the Bishops, would insist upon curates and church-
wardens putting this, and all other such wholesome laws and
rubricks into execution. That which is holy would not then be given
unto dogs, nor so many open and notorious evil-livers take the
sacred symbols of our Lord’s most blessed body and blood into
their unhallowed hands and mouths. The Methodists wish your
Lordships prosperity in this much wished-for, though long neglected
part of reformation, in the name of the Lord.
At the same time, my Lords, I would not say any thing that might
any way encourage disorders; neither would I persuade the
Methodists to leave their own parish-churches when the sacrament
is administered there. On the contrary, I would have them take the
author’s advice, page 6, paragraph 6, “If particular persons are
disposed to receive weekly, when the sacrament is not administered
at their own parish-church, to repair privately to the church nearest
their own, where the sacrament is administered every Lord’s-day,
having first signified their names to the minister, as the rubrick
directs.” This, I believe, they will readily comply with. For I cannot
think with this author (in the same paragraph), that the reason of
their coming in such numbers is, that they may have the “vain
pleasure of appearing together in a body, and as a distinct sect.” We
would rather, according to the rules of that charity which hopeth all
things for the best, believe that they come together in such
companies to animate and encourage one another. Dr. Horneck, I
remember, in his account of the primitive christians, remarks, that
“where you saw one christian, you might generally see more.” And is
it not delightful, my Lords, to behold a communion table crouded? Do
not such as complain of it, discover something of the spirit of those
Pharisees, who were angry when so many people brought their sick
to be healed by our Lord Jesus on the sabbath-day? For I cannot
think, that the ministers complain of this, only on account of their
being hereby “put under the difficulty (paragraph 5, page 6.) either of
rejecting great numbers as unknown to them, or administering the
sacrament to great numbers, of whom they have no knowledge,”
because it is too notorious that hundreds receive the blessed
sacrament, both in London and other places, where there are no
Methodists, whom the minister knows little or nothing at all about,
and takes no pains to enquire after. O that the Author’s mentioning
this, may be a means of stirring up the clergy to approve themselves
good shepherds, by seeking, as much as in them lies, to know the
state of all that come to the holy communion! Glad am I, my Lords, to
find that the author, in this edition, hath left out the complaint which
was in the copy I first read, of such crowds coming to receive the
sacrament, “because the ministers who are afternoon-lecturers, were
thereby put under the hardship of not having time for necessary rest
and refreshment, between morning and evening duties. For might
not our Lord say unto them, “You slothful servants, cannot you
labour for me one day in a week? Cannot you lose one meal to feed
my lambs, without complaining of it as an hardship?” Surely none
can make such a complaint, but such “whose god is their belly,
whose glory is their shame, who mind earthly things.” But I need not
mention this, because the Author himself seems ashamed of it.
And indeed this, as well as the other objections against the

Methodists, are so trivial, and the acts referred to as
discountenancing their field-preaching, so impertinent, that the
Author, without the least degree of a prophetic spirit, might easily
foresee, paragraph 8, page 8, “that this, and every other such
complaint against the Methodists, would be censured not only by
them, (but by every impartial person) as a discouragement to piety
and devotion, and particularly a religious observation of the Lord’s-
day.” Nay, my Lords, he might have foreseen that it would be
censured as a wicked, false, and ill-designing libel. For is it not
wicked, to represent innocent and loyal persons as open defiers of
government, page 4, paragraph 2, and making open inroads upon
the national constitution, (paragraph 4.) without bringing any real
proofs of either?
I am not, my Lords, of the Author’s opinion, paragraph 8, page 8,

“that this slander (of his being a libeller) is effectually confuted, by
looking back to the state of the several religious societies in London
and Westminster for many years past.” This will only serve to
increase every unprejudiced person’s censure of this performance,
and more effectually, without the least degree of slander, prove it a
notorious libel. For wherein do the Methodist societies transgress the
laws of church or state, any more than the societies in London and
Westminster? “Do the particular members of each society
(paragraph 8. page 8.) attend the public duties of the day, together
with their neighbours, as the laws of church and state direct?” Do not
the members of the Methodist societies the same? “Have the
members of the religious societies in London and Westminster (as
the Author mentions in the same paragraph) also (by private
agreements among themselves) their evening meetings, to employ
the remainder of the day in serious conversation, and in reading
good books, &c.” Have not the members of the Methodist societies
liberty to enter into a like private agreement among themselves?
“Have the members of the London societies behaved with modesty
and decency, without any violation of public order and regularity?” So
have ours, my Lords, as all must confess who have been present
when our societies met.
And therefore, my Lords, if these London societies, as our Author

says, paragraph 8, page 8. have received no discouragements, but,
on the contrary, have been countenanced and encouraged by the
bishops and clergy; why do not the Methodists meet with the same
treatment? Are they not as loyal subjects? If the one read a prayer,
may not the other pray extempore? Does any law of God or man
forbid it? If the one meet in a vestry, or private house, may not the
other meet in a Foundery or Tabernacle? Are not your Lordships,
therefore, reduced to this dilemma, either to encourage both or
neither? or at least give the world better reasons than the Author of
this pamphlet has, why your Lordships should countenance and
encourage the one, and so strenuously discountenance and
discourage the other.
For my own part, my Lords, I know of no reason why they are

discountenanced, except this, “The Methodist societies (as they are
called) are more for the power of godliness than those other
societies of London and Westminster.” I assure your Lordships, I
have not been altogether a stranger to these societies. I used to
meet with some of them frequently, and have more than once
preached their quarterly sermon at Bow-church. Some, who before
had only the form of godliness, our Saviour was since pleased to call
effectually by his grace. But when they began to talk feelingly and
experimentally of the new-birth, free justification, and the indwelling
of the Spirit of God in believers hearts, they were soon looked upon
as righteous over-much, and accordingly were cast out by their self-
righteous brethren. These were the late extravagances, my Lords,
into which the Author (just at the conclusion of his first part) says,
that some have been unhappily misled; and this, my Lords, was the
first rise of the societies which the Methodists now frequent. O that
he and all who oppose them, had been misled into the like
extravagances! I mean a real experience of the new-birth, and the
righteousness of Jesus Christ imputed and applied to their souls by
faith, through the operation of the eternal Spirit! For without this they
cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven. These things, my Lords,
the first members of the religious societies in London and
Westminster were no strangers to. Nay, their being misled into what
the Author calls the Methodists late extravagancies, was the rise of
their societies, as well as ours; and they met for the very same ends,
and I believe in the very same spirit as the Methodists now do. For a
proof of this, I would refer the Author to Dr. Woodward’s account of
the rise and progress of the religious societies in the city of London,
&c. My Lords, I have been reading over this second chapter, and in
reading it, could scarce refrain weeping, when I considered how
blind the author of this pamphlet must be, not to discern, that the first
religious societies answered, as to their spirit, experience, and ends
of meeting, to the Methodist societies, as face answers to face in the
water. Let him not, therefore, mention the predecessors of the
present London societies (the last words of the first part) as though
that would strengthen his cause. Indeed, my Lords, it weakens it
much. For, was it possible for these predecessors to rise from the
dead, and examine our principles and practices, and those of the
present religious societies of London and Westminster, I believe they
would utterly disown them, and turn Methodists too.
And why, my Lords, should the Author be so averse to field-
preaching? Has not our Saviour given a sanction to this way of
preaching? Was not the best sermon that was ever preached,
delivered on a mount? Did not our glorious Emmanuel (after he was
thrust out of the synagogues) preach from a ship, in a wilderness,
&c.? Did not the Apostles, after his ascension, preach in schools,
public markets, and such like places of resort and concourse? And
can we copy after better examples? If it be said, “that the world was
then heathen,” I answer, and am persuaded your Lordships will
agree with me in this, that there are thousands and ten thousands in
his Majesty’s dominions, as ignorant of true and undefiled religion,
as ever the heathens were? And are not persons who dare venture
out, and shew such poor souls the way to heaven, real friends both
to church and state? And why then, my Lords, should the civil power
be applied to in order to quell and suppress them? Or a pamphlet
encouraged by several of the Right Reverend the Bishops, which is
manifestly calculated for that purpose? I would humbly ask your
Lordships, whether it would not be more becoming your Lordships
characters, to put your clergy on preaching against revelling, cock-
fighting, and such like, than to move the government against those,
who out of love to God and precious souls, put their lives in their
hand, and preach unto such revellers, repentance towards God, and
faith towards our Lord Jesus? What if the Methodists, “by public
advertisements do invite the rabble?” (as our Author is pleased to
write, page 4, paragraph 2.) Is not the same done by other clergy,
and even by your Lordships, when you preach charity sermons? But,
my Lords, what does the Author mean by the rabble? I suppose, the
common people. If so, these are they who always heard the blessed
Jesus gladly. It was chiefly the poor, my Lords, the οχλος, the turba,
the mob, the multitude, these people, who, the scribes and pharisees
said, knew not the law, and were accursed; these were they that
were evangelized, had the gospel preached unto them, and received
the Spirit of God’s dear Son. Not many mighty, not many noble are
called, says the Apostle. Indocti rapiunt cœlum, dum nos cum
doctrina descendimus in Gehennam, says one of the fathers. And
therefore, my Lords, supposing we do advertise the rabble, and none
but such make up our auditories, (which is quite false) if this be the

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8. Number, Ranking and Time Sequence Test

10. Number Series

11. Letter Series

13. Problems Based on Ages

14. Blood Relations

15. Clock and Calendar 144-159

17. Logical Order of Words 170-183

18. Clerical Aptitude 184-188

. Logical and Analytical Reasoning

19. logical Venn Diagrams

20. Eligibility Test 193-206

6. Paper Folding and Cutting 338-348

8. Formation of Figures 354-358

9. Counting Figures 359-365

11. Figure Completion 372-383

12. Figure Matrix 384-389

13. Cube and Dice 390-398

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5. Word Formation 14. Blood Relations

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16. Mathematical Operation

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Section 2 : Logical and Analytical Reasoning

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