Optimised Wastewater Solutions - CPD Certified

Q&A Report:
Report Generated:
04/08/2020 10:24 AM WEST

S.No. Question Asked Answer Given

Good presentation - STP- covering over and above the pumping solutions offered
1 by you. Appreciate the good efforts by team Grundfoss to bring in over all
operations and solutions. Thank you for joining
In storm water there is no need of VFD, it could only help to ramp up and ramp
down,in storm water pumps are ideal most of the times when there is no
requirement. So with the VFDs you can run them at lower speed and handle
lean loads and keep pump always active to avoid failure in future.,We are
2 talking about bigger storm water pumping stations. Demand is completely
depends on the rain fall severity. You dont have to run the pump at full speed if
if VFD is preferabble when there is too much loss in our system, why do we the pit filling is gradual. But during a storm, the filling will be fast and the pump
recommend in storm water pumps (K series)? there are very low losses in those should be at maximum speed. More applicable for municipality pumping
systems stations.
3 i mean recording recording will be available on our web after one month
Link to download post webinar material including presentation will be sent to all
4
we cant receive early, it is realy imortant by tomorrow.
5 i mean recording recording will be available on web after 1 month
come on Naar, Submersible can be considered as primsed 100% as long as you
6
have a minimum range of water above the stop level Dry pit installation is a different case.

primed is to prpevent cavitation and to maintain uninterrupted flow so the minimum Not really.. NPSH issues will happen for deeper pits even for submersible
7 water level in submersible is acting with the same way; so submersible can be pump. Although suction conditons are maintained, when your pump is operated
considered always primed as long as it operates in it safe working range (i.e to either right hand side or left hand side of the curve NPSHr values are really high
maintain the NPSHR to avoid any cavitation and vorticies and we should ensure to keep it under 10m to have good suction conditions.
How much is the approx. cost difference between same capacity and material
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pump between C/S and VFD pump. depend on type of pump, motor KW, application, installation, load profile etc.
9 Lower the Es value Higher the system efficiency right? yes
no not recommended as there will be sedimenattion and scaling if we keep
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Can we use the inlet pipe for active/effective storage. To minimize sump volume? waste water for long time in the pipes
https://youtu.be/Y8HkMK4m_G8 - watch this pls,Minimum submergence is not
the only factor. Lab conditions and site condition may vary drastically. CFDs are
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Why is CFD sometime required when the manufacturer defines the minimum mainly to check if there are any change dead zones, any vortex formation is
submergence and performance of pump in lab testing? there
yes, you can send us mail with some required duty parameters and we will be
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Can you show an example of VFD pump selection and its characteristic curve? happy to help u - narasimhan@grundfos.com
Is an separate WWTP inlet pump station reqiured even if the inflow to the WWTP is In most cases it may not be required. If the inlet is coming from different inlets it
13 only from a pumping main pipe? Many in view of easy regulation of the flow within is better to have collect and have a separate pump to have uniform head for
the WWTP step processes and operation? screening
Can sludge digestion or thickner be removed in any type of domestic wastewater
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treatment. Yes.. for smaller WWTPs.... it may not be needed as the sludge volume is less..
Good Compilation overall. Thank You. I Would like to suggest that the VFD pump
15 part and selection could be elaborated more deeply. Some part of sludge pumps
can also be discussed. thanks and noted
Sludge digestion needs more care in design…if handled and disposed properly
there is no environmental concern…I did'nt get what do you mean by C/S or V/s
16 Do removal of sludge digestion have environmental concerns? Secondly can you pumps. If you mean submersible and dry installed pumps there is no big
please tell the cost comparison between C/S and V/S pumps considering exactly difference in terms of cost... but each of them has its own advantages and
same condition. disadvatages depending on installation requirements.
What is mainly the difference between variable speed pump and VFD briefly? If
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time is availabe. Thanks alot. Both are same, only terminology is the difference
18 Yes, we can hear. Ok
when two and more pumps operate in parallel what would be the effect on head of
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the total system yes system curve will change due to additional frictional losses in the system
No. It refers to the particle size or solid can pass through the pump,Free
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free passage refers to pipe diameter ? passage is reffered to solids can pass through pumps without clogging
21 yes :)
22 right :)
23 can you share with us the presentation?? yes
It could be clarified at the end of the session in detail or we can discuss later on
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not clear how the VFD will not save energy? one to one discussion
25 how to select the pump flow for small drainge system it depends on incming water flow profile
26 in case if we have drainge tank 60x60cm answered
27 what is the factors to be reconized inflow rate, solid sizes, water quality etc.
Ideally upto 0.7 m/s velocity in discharge piping.,it depends on system
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how much can decrease % in VFD? design..however it can be upto 30%
29 really its was very good informations Thank you for joining
For HVAC ASHRAE recommendation is 3 ft/s to 10 ft/s (Max). In waste water if
30 the velocit drop to less than 0.7 m/s, solids will settle down inside the pipe.
what are ideal velocities for waste water pumping as compared to hvac pumping? Evenually it will become a clog. For waste water it is 0.75 m/s to 3 m/s as IPC.
31 what is purge system in diffuser aeration? It is a process to remove moisture in the air line
32 thank you very much for this useful informations Thank you for joining
cleaning cycle for sump bit is done by the same submersible pump in the pit ?how yes it is by the same pump. This operates for short time (2-3 minutes) in couple
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the motor is coled ? of days and this will not overheat the motors. It is acceptable.
Is it common to have VFD driven Submersible Pumps at inlet of IWWTP which are yes.. When the process requirement calls for precise pumping then VFD is
34 transferring variable incoming flows to Treatment Plant?? needed… but it is not compulsary though.
 Pumps with channel and vortex impeller ( submersible or dry pit installtion
35 type),Submersible type pumps that can handle solids are best suited,Any pump
wich types of pumps suitable for swerge water which can handle the solid content in the sewage inflow.
36 which types you perform to use Please ask your question in full, i am not getting it
37 what's can use for alarm clinnig level in the pit ? Question is not clear, please eloborate
Link to download post webinar material including presentation will be sent to all
38
which link for soft copy for this presentation? can you explain. by tomorrow.
39 thanks for all of you???? welcome
40 Parallel pumps would increase the pump flow instead of head? Please confirm.? yes, in parallel pumping flow will increase and not head
I don’t think above answer is ok. Imagine main pipe diameter is 1000 mm and
wastewater can still carry bigger materails then pump’s maximum space and pump
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can be damaged. So there should be screening before the pump station. Screens Screening will be done based on pump selection i.e. the solid handling size of
can be manuel type no need to automatic cleaner one but it is must. pumps
42 Thank you. Perfect! welcome
impeller type is effect on pump selection
43 which it mean for vortex can be left side but channel right side yea, pumps with vortex and channel are different in terms of technology,
efficiency, power consumption etc
ISO Toleranace + - 15? There are different grades. Grade 3B, 2B, 1B, 1U etc. Each grade has different
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tolerance.
number of pumps in a system depends on the wastewater inflow profile
throughout the day. Based on lean and peak flows we can size the pumps in
system.,We have to calculate the effective volume & inflow or load profile to
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decide the number pumps. The inflow is varying and there will be maximum,
minimum and average inflow. Based on this we can decide the number of
how we can select no. of pumps based on load profile ? pumps.
sorry if i had 10 l/s flow
how can select 2 or 3 pump as per efficiency
46 so in this case make performance curve in both cases check which one will close yes perfect, it should satisfy load requirements and shall fall in preferred
to efficiency operating range by manufacturer as well,Pump selection is always based on
it is correct maximum efficiency for the given hydraulics.
yes its possible, we can have multiple inlets as these are all tailor made
47
how can calc. H3 in case inlet pipe for bit is down systems
It is already available in Grundfos online selection software (Grundfos product
48 sump pit dim. calc. ? rectangular / circular ? centre) > Tools > Pit creator,both are ok, better to avoid sharp edges as much
as you can to avoid sedimentation etc
thanks alot
49
Thank you for joining
50 Should we consider any residual pressure while calculating pump pressure? Yes we need to consider a head required to deliver the fluid out
How much residual pressure should be considered while calculating the head for
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submersible pumps? I mtr residual or excess head should be sufficient.
What is the optimum for the number of start and stops per pump, and what would optimum is 15 and in some models is 20 per hour. more the start / stops lesser
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be the effect if i operate a submersible pump at its maximum start stop? the life and higher the maintenance
What is the area required to allocate a treatment plant, for a flow of 50l/s, 100l/s,
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150l/s? It all depend on the design of WWTP,
if we have a system with variable losses and static loads, is there any other
54 instrument rather than VFD in order to save energy in our system with optimum For wastewater pumping…multiple pump operation in parallel (2 or 3 pumps)
efficiency. would be a better choice than VFD.
55 What do you mean by station pipes? (branches) yes, branches
56 ? Please repeat the question if it is not answered yet.
Grade 1B & 1U are the least tolerance. But it is not practical to perform for
smaller pumps. Large pumps used in sewage treatments plants and storm
water pumping station can be tested as per Grade 1B & 1U. But it is not
mandatory. Grade 3B or 2B is enough for waste water pumps.,There are no
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guidance as such, Tolerances are only to ensure that the user gets what he
expects. Offcourse when the size of the pumps are larger and are 24/7
application it make sense to have closure tolerance to reduce overall lifecycle
is there any guidance when to use different grades? referring to ISO 9906 cost
just to ensure the discharge form outlet,End pressure require to deliver the
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importance of residual pressure? waste water to the collection point.
what would happen if residual pressure drops before reaching end point. while pipe if pipe is going down means its gravity, so no need of residual pressure in that
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is going downwards case
60 thanks for useful info. thanks also to feroz for water part on monday. thanks andg pwelcome
p p p y p
61 benefits of using positive cavity pump vs centrifugal pump for sludge? progressive cavity can work upto 20-30% sludge consitency. Centrifugal pumps
62 pcp vs centrifugal pump in sludge? can operate for sludge from primary & secondary clarifiers but for thickened
63 pcp vs centrifugal pump for sludge? sludge, digested sludge PC pumps are prefered.
In the reliability section, it was recommended to run the pump at 50 hz and not run
64 the pump at lesser frequency to avoid sedimentation. If we do not that how do we In certain case where we need to operate pumps at full speed there is no
save on energy? energy saving can be possible
which kind of packing is used in waste water pumps? and how often should we
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inspect sump pits?
yes for some type of pumps,Usually no. Because the purpose of waste water
66 Can we trim the sewage Pump implellor basedon the sewage application? or the pump is to remove the waste water from the pit. The impellers are designed to
the impurities present ? serve this purpose and it should not be modified.
67 hi good morning good morning,Good morning
Submersible pumps are designed to handled solids that will leave some
limitation on pump efficiency, having said that there some pumps for example
with vortex impellers, S tube impellers solid handling is managed without
compromising efficiency,Surface pumps are handling clear water without
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particles. Submersible sewage pump impellers are designed to handle solid
particles inside water. When the gap between impeller to volute increases,
sir why submersible pumps efficiency is always much more lesser than surface efficiency will reduce. Sewage pumps require more clearence between impeller
pumps ? and volute to handle solids.
69 thanks It is a pleasure
 Yes, VFD helps to detect and clear the pump blockages by operating the pump
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Do you use VFD to reverse the pumps on a deragging control system? in reverse direction along with intelligent cpump controller
Slowing the pump speed tend to increase the potential for blockages with the rag Fully agree with you, When VFDs are used we need to set minimum speed to
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content in the uk so we would not recomend ensure minimum velocity required to avoid blockage
Not all VFDs have Deragging function, suitabel VFDs should be selected for
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Most standard VFD has the deragging function built in wastewater application. We can help you understanding the suitable VFDs
Retention time is usually set on the EA consent, usually time to attend and fix
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breakdowns which the consultant will calculate the volume required Correct.
74 Thank you very match for this value webinar, Tarek Helmy Thank you for joining
Please can we get recording of this webinar
75
+Thank u very much for this value webinar will be available on web after one month
76 siqbal@bestglobalengineering.com Noted
77 Thank you too. welcome
Yes, it is always recomended to select near to BEP however VFD helps to
operate close to duty ,As per Hydraulics Institue, VFD operated pump should be
78 selected on the right hand side of BEP.,Even though pump is operating on VFD
it is always better to select the duty point in the preferred operating range
Please let me know if it is operating VFD. It mantaory to select the pump BEP? recommnded by manufacturer
There will be problem. Because if the vlocity in discharge pipe reduces less
79 In VFD operation pump motor compactable for Variable speed. My duty is meeting than 0.75 m/s, then there will be clogging inside the pipe. To avoid this, there
50% of VFD cuve. Let me know pump will make any issue? should be a smart microprocessor base controller along with VFD.

As per my understanding in VFD operation , if principle provided the VFD curve

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pumps suppose to operate that range? if not what is the puprose of VFD Providing yes perfect, use of VFD is to run pump on various duty ponts at different inflow
in the panel? may custmer want run the pump lesser flow in future what will do? conditions and save energy for the client as well increase pump life.
81 yes :)
82 + Hello
83 thank you Thank you for joining
84 Good morning Yasser Khaled from Aljenoobia company Good Morning
thank you
85
Thank you for joining,welcome
86 informative section thanks a lot Thank you for joining
87 i need presentation softcopy can you share it.? yes, through link by tomorrow.
88 can you repeat the optimum velocity in the rising main? optimum and recommnded is 1 to 1.5 m/s
It depends on extent of treatment. Normal treated water can be used for
89 what is the result of the WWTPs at the end of all treatment proceses, Did we gardening/irrigation etc. but if tertiary treatment is done with ulltrafiltration + RO
getting on water valid for domistic use? it can even be reused at homes.
90 in the photo the pump is conected without base so is this wright way or no ? Base is not required for pump in wet well design.
91 Thank you so much welcome
92 Grundfos pump range for self priming pump for waste water we do not have self priming waste water pumps in our range
Self priming is okay to use.... but because of solid particles present in WW
93 there can be leakages and frequesnt mainteneance issuess... So... better for
most of treatment plant client looking for self priming solution postitive suction or submersible pumps
in SL pump textile client complain that fiber partical make problem and stuck up Not with present S tube impellers… we have to check the installation, duty
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b/w impeller and pump casing which make impeller jamed and trip the motor conditions to find a solution.
95 is SL or SLV pump requried cooling jacket for dry pit installation SE is recommended for dry pit installation.
96 why we prefer casting pump in waster water against fabirated pump Casted pumps are heavy, robust and suitable for continuous duty.
97 we have limitation of flow in fabricated pump against compititors True…fabricated pumps are suitable only for intermittent duty.
98 really good and informative section , thanks welcome
Yes. System curve should intersect all curves during parallel operation. But for
submersible pump, the system curve starts at different levels. The level of
pump 1 starting condition is different than pump 2. So the starting point of
system curve will change for each pump.,We need to draw the differnt system
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curves for different scenarions for ex. system curve when only one pump is
working, when 2 pumps working and so on. After which you need to check
for parallel pumps Operation , is it not ideal if the first pumps curve is not cutting the whether pump curve is cutting to that perticular system curve or not for the
system curve ? and how to fix that's ? better selection and sizing.

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which code are you following for Effluent water/ treated water parameters to comply We manufacture our pumps as per EN standards
yes it can be done. UV for instant disinfection and chemical say hypochlorite for
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shall we use chem and UV disinfection at a time or aithr one residual
102 what NPSH refer to? Net positive suction head
103 Now we can see your slide :)
Ozone can also be used but is not commonly used because of higher operating
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What about Ozone treatment cost
105 Is Grundfos considering production of complete STP systems?
106 Great session. Thank you welcome
107 Many thanks for your efforts Thank you for joining
108 Good Morning good morning,Good morning
109 can we take 5 min break yes
110 thnak you Thank you for joining
maximum nos of start stop recommended by manufacturer, is the efficiency shown
111 in the curve is that minimum? if lowering no nos of start stop say from 20 to 10 nos no there is no realtion in number of start stops and pump efficiency. Number of
of start stop, the efficiency will raise up. please confirm start stop is to ensure reliable operation of pump and lesser breakdowns
How can we deal to the Odor control system of the treatment plant. any parameters There are manu designers to design odor control system based on the
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for the system. ammonia and H2S levels at site..
It all depends on size of the pump. For smaller pumps the difference will be high
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as compare with clean water vs waste water why eff low in waste water ? and for bigger pumps difference will be relatively low
114 what means BEP? best efficiency point
115 aeration is Required or Madnatory? It is required in an STP.,For STP yes,
There are two classes of disinfection systems certified and classified by the
116 NSF under Standard 55 – Class A and Class B Units.,I am sorry, didn't get your
which Method used In Uv Disnifection? question. can you elaborate pls.
117 Really Nice Topic ???? Thank you
118 80% to 120% click on screen
For a centrifugal pump if we reduce frequency then will it affect the pressure if
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impeller speed is low yes as per afinity law of pump
Velocity will reduce when flow reduces due to ramp down. So the friction loss
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then how head will be achieved to transport the water will reduce. H=fL/d*v2/2g
121 so this means we should select the almlst straight curve pump Steep curve
can we increase the velocity at the pump suction and discharge to deisgn NRV and
122 discharge isolation valve and after that the pipe design based on required
velocity........... It is Ok as long as the system is stable without vibration nad back pressure.
Design flow for waste water or strom water is not the actual concern. Emptying
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will it affect design flow and pressure the tank is the most important task.,what ? i didnt get it
is this effective volume is applicable for the tank for which the inlet is from top of the
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tank IN that case inlet will not affect effective volume
for what ? pls explain,Yes. But there are some additional parameters to be
125 considered for bigger pumping station. It will be shown in our hand book and we
same formulae will be applicable? will share it along with ppt.
126 to calculate effective volume Replied
127 can we use same formulae of 1.5 x K for centrfugal pumpminstallation It is not recommended.
128 we provide STP solutions great
A properly balanced aeration basin control scheme using variable frequency
129 drives (VFDs) to control the blowers, instead of the typical fixed speed inlet
is it manditory to use vfd for aeration air blowers in AT to maintain DO levels throttling valve scenario, can help achieve considerable energy savings.
130 when Post aeration is required and why will be replied by narasimhan post event
when Post aeration is required and why
131

can we use typical centrifugal pumps to transport raw grey water if we use Y the strainer will clog frequently and cavitate the pump. The only solution is to go
132
strainer at the suction side and a screen at the inlet of grey water collection tank with solids handling pump.
133 the certification will be shared via email?? yes
134 thank you welcome
135 Very well done Nara Thank you for joining
136 we can hear ok,Ok
1. Normally we provide pressure break pit prior connection to the gravity
sewerage system. Please assist with methodology to determine the dimensions of
the pressure break pit.

2. Please advise in cases where there are working and stand by pumps provided
do you allow for both working and stand by pumps to operate simultaneously in
cases where the water level in the tank in dangerously high. The question is related
to electrical power provision, do they consider the worst case scenario and allow
for both pumps operating simultaneously.
Hi Daniela, you can mail your requirement and we will be happy to support you. -
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narasimhan@grundfos.com
3. In stormwater pumping where there are pump with normal operation( expected
small flow) and big pump for cater for the peak flow. Do we require to provide stand
by pumps for both pumps with the corresponding duties.

4. What is the recommendation, how much shall be allow in our calculations for
the pressure at the discharge point. Do we allow for 5m for example to be available
at the discharge point

5.We need assistance with odor control unit for big infrastructure sewerage
why few waste water projects consider progressive cavity pump instead of
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centrifugal pump For sludge handling
It is avaialable in grundfos website. Grundfos product centre is our online
139 selection tool name.,Please visit our website and click on Grundfos Product
Please provide us software or link for sump pump selection, if possible. Center and you can use it for selection
Do you supply pump station for commercial projects. like for waste water (duplex -
140 8l/s each). instead of having a sump pit can we have a pumping station Yes. We have a big portfolio of prefabricated pumping stations.,yes we have
prefabricated? complete range available and can be tailor made as well
141 In anaerobic treatment, tanks should be air tight or can be opened to atmosphere? Need not be air tight
142 what is meant by poiunt losses frictional losses
143 how does start /stop affect efficiency It affects the life span of the pump. Continuous start/stop results in hunting.
144 can u tell diff between 1 2 3 and vortex impeller basically its only number of channels on the impeller.
145 thank u Thank you for joining
For smallest WWTP... if it is industrial wastewater MBR is good solution or
146
For smallest footprint, which WWTP design is the best, regardless its cost? simple extended aeraation technique is better.
147 Vast and interesting sesion... thanks and welcome
148 please share the Q/A with us also, thank you Sure, will be shared along with copy of the presentation in a day
149 there shouldn't be a screening station before the inlet pumping station? Yes. There should be a baffle
150 not a baffle a screening to remove big waste materials like diappers, wood, etc...? that also can be option,Not necesaary. Can be screened after
151 doesn't harm the pump or its a grinding pump? Pumps are non clog type. So it will not affect.,what doesn't harm? pls clarify
Waste water pumps shall be non clog type always. It should be grinder or
152
in case the pumps used are non clog type vortex or S tube etc.
sorry i missed the beggining of the ppt, can you just elaborate on the types of the You can register and attend the second session of this training, visit
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non clog pumps? are the sewerage grinder pump part of them? ae.grundfos.com
154 thank you for this ppt and keep up this great work thanks and welcome
Thank you for your kind support and information , we highly appraciated your
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efforts and time welcome
156 Thank You!! welcome
157 Great Job Narsimhan & Feroz!! Thank you for joining
158 Yes We are able to hear!! Ok
 we do not supply complete STP however we have pumps or pumping stations
159 suitable for this duty,Sewage treatment plant cannot be done for such low
Do you have package stp solution for 10 l/s flow rate? demand. Prefabricated lifting station can be done.
No, not at all. When the pump is operated close to best efficiency point,
160 vibration levels will be low, chance of cavitation will be less which improves the
System efficiency is in conflict with rliabiity..this is what we cn see reliability.
Yes we do have. Also in such cased you can go for grinder / cutter type pumps
as well.,It is correct. Because pump efficiency and particle size handling are 2
161 different concepts. Sizing a 5 lps pump to handle 80mm particle size results in
Some pump manufacturers do not have free passage of 80 mm for small pumps low velocity and recirculation inside the pump volute. Such case particle size
say 5 L/s. Is this typical in the industry. Does Grundfos supply such pumps? shall be limited to 50mm. At it is not usual a 5lps inflow carry 80 mm particles.
Thanks for the response. So 50 mm for 5 L/s can be considered a reasoanble
162
requirement I understand. Correct? Yes.
Is there a harm operating with high NPSHr while NPSHa provides good margin, It is Ok. But ideally the level shall be considered at low level while calculating
163
e.g. if level is wet well is very high NPSHA.
What's the max. flow/head combination for a submersible sewage pump, that can its all depend on application, type of pump, space available in pit, number of
164 be considered without requiring cutomized design, long lead time or very high pumps in systems, type of installation and so on. So there is nothing called one
increase i price fits all.
What's the max. flow/head combination - to be specific for say 60 m head, what it
the max.flow rate would be readily available
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we can send you this selection after the event
Is H1 purely dependent on minimum submergence requirement, or motor cooling
166
as well? Minimum submergance level
Thanks. Do you employ HI 9.8 formulas for calculation of min. submergence, or
167
you use your own proprietary formula? Yes, we use HI guidelines
Retention time means not keeping sewage in sump more than 30 minutes to avoid
168 septic conditions and odor issues. Nothing to do with maintenance (I'm a consultant yes correct, so pit has to be sized accordingly and also pump has to be
:) ) selected inline with that within recommended number of start / stop per hour
Is it always necessary to select the pump with a duty point within the POR ? what if
169
the selection is within the aplication range but out of the AOR? it is recommnded to have better life for pump.
Variable flow designing should be very careful. Because if the velocity inside
170 the discharge pipe line reduces less than 0.75 m/s due to ramp down of speed,
what about variable flow there will be clogging. So VFD should be accompanied with a smart controller.
171 can u re explain this concept which ?
Head is basically static head+friction loss+end pressure. While ramping down
172 the pump, the flow will reduce. So the velocitry will be reduced and results in
lowering of head lower friction loss.
173 what about retention time we hear most consultants use It is a matter of safety factor.

174 to control number of start / stop per hour,If there is a maintenance requirement,
retention time is safety factor for what? the pit should be capable to hold waste water for a certain period of time.
175 Many thanks, It was valuable and helpful. welcome
Hope you meean common header for inflow to the pit. Yes you can.,yes
176 however using individual inlet will have more redundancy and better
Can we use common header for parallel pump inlet maintennace access
why we need to choose smaller motor? It is all about maintanance operation and
177
cost? yes appropriate motor means higher efficiency, lesser maintenance cost etc.
I can not follow the questions and answers while following the presentation. And I
178 believe there are really beneficial answers to questions. Could you please share
the all questions&answers after the training? Thanks Sure it will be shared along with copy of presentation in a day

179 Impeller is available in different MOC such as Cast Iron, Stainless Steel316,
The impller type cast iron or not ? Duplex Stainless steel, However Cast Iron is the most commonly used material
180 thank you for session welcome
181 at parallel pumps operation answered
182 we should make larger common header for both Depend on the flow rates of all working pumps in peak inflow
183 or could be on the same outline pipe of pump answered
184 thank you sir welcome