Long Answer (LA)

1.Operations Research is a bunch of mathematical techniques to break industrial problem

critically Comment.
2. Give a brief account of history of OR.
3. Examine briefly trace the major development in OR.
4. Elaborate the Characteristics of OR.
5- Discuss the various steps used in solving OR problems.
6- Explain the scope of Operations research.
7.Determine the advantages and limitations of good operations research model.
8- State three commonly used OR techniques in India.
9- Explain the main phase of an OR study and technique used in solving OR problems.
Explain the steps involved in the solution of an OR problem.
11- Discuss the role of OR models in Decision making.
12- Examine the brief account of various types of OR models and indicate the application to
production, Inventory, Distribution system.
13- A paper mill produces two grades of paper namely X and Y. Because of raw material
restrictions it cannot produce more than 400 tons of grade X and 300 tons of grade Y in a week.
There are 160 production hours in a week. It requires 0.2 and 0.4 hours to produce a ton of
products X and Y respectively with corresponding profits of Rs.200 and Rs, 500 per
ton .Formulate the above as a LPP to maximize profit and find the optimum product mix.
14- List out the various characteristic of LPP.
15- Elaborate the general formulation of the LPP and expressed the LPP in Matrix form.
16- A ship has three cargo holds, forward, aft and centre. The capacity limits are:
Forward 2000 tons 100000 cubic meters
Centre 3000 tons 135000 cubic meters
Aft 1500 tons 30000 cubic meters
The following cargoes are offered the ship owners may accept all or any part of each commodity:

Commodity Amount in tons Volume in cubic Profit per ton

metres in Rs
A 6000 60 60
 B 4000 50 80
C 2000 25 50
In order to preserve the trim of the ship the weight in each hold must be proportional to the
capacity in tons. How the cargo should be distributed so as to maximize profit. Formulate this as
linear programming problem.
17.Give the limitations of LPP.
18- Explain the comparison between Maximisation and Minimisation problem.
19- State and explain the important assumptions in formulating a LP model.
20- Explain the procedure followed in Simplex method of solving Liner programming method.
21- Examine the Significance of slack variable, surplus variable in linear programming resource
allocation model.
22- Explain the term degeneracy in linear programming problem.
23- How is the form of objective function of a linear programming problem in simplex method
different from graphical method?
24- Why the Simplex method is considered a general method for solving the Linear
programming problem?
25- Solve the following problem by North West corner rule

f/ W1 W2 W3 W4 Capacity
F1 19 30 50 10 7
F2 70 30 40 60 9
F3 40 8 70 20 18
Requirement 5 8 7 14 34

26.Solve the following problem by least cost method.

27.Find the initial basic feasible solution for the following transportation problem by VAM.

28.Find the initial basic feasible solution for the following transportation problem by VAM.

D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply
O1 11 13 17 14 250
O2 16 18 14 10 300
O3 21 24 13 10 400
Demand 200 225 275 250 950

29. Describe the Vogel’s approximation method of solving a transportation problem.

30- Solve the following Transportation problem by VAM.

A B C Available
I 6 8 4 14
II 4 9 8 12
III 19 2 6 5
Required 6 10 15 31

Use VAM to find an initial BFS.

31.Explain the modified distribution method (MODI ) to step by step improvement of Initial
Feasible solution of a transportation problem.
32- Find the Feasible solution of the following transportation problem in MODI method.

11 13 17 14 250
 16 18 14 10 300
21 24 13 10 400
200 225 275 250

33. Find the feasible solution by using VAM and UV method.

P Q R S Supply
A 21 16 25 13 11
B 17 18 14 23 13
C 32 17 18 41 19
6 10 12 15 43

34. Describe the assignment problem giving a suitable examples.

035- Solve the following assignment problem using Hungarian method. The Matrix entries
represent the processing time in hours.
Operators.
1 2 3 4 5.
9 11 14 11 17.
6 15 13 13 10. JOBS
12 13 6 8 8
11 9 10 12 9
7 12 14 10 14
36. - A Travelling salesman has planned to visit 4 cities. He would like to start from a particular
city,
visit each city only once and return to the starting city .the travelling cost in rupees is given in the
table below. Find in least cost route.

A B C D
A 0 25 75 4
B 35 0 150 25
C 35 40 0 15
D 65 75 130 0

37. The Annual demand of an item is 3200 units. The unit cost is Rs.6. and inventory carrying
charges 25%per annum. If the cosy of one procurement is rs.150.Determine
i)EOQ
ii)No. of orders per year
iii)Time between two consecutive order.
038- The demand rate of a particular item is 12000 units per year. The set up cost per run is
Rs.350 and the holding cost is re.0.20 per unit per month. If no shortages are allowed and the
replacement is instantaneous, Determine:
1. The optimum run size
2. The optimum scheduling period
3. Minimum total expected annual cost.
39- The demand rate for an item in a company is 18000 units per year. The company can produce
at the rate of 3000 per month. The set up cost is Rs.500 per order and the holding cost is 0.15 per
unit per month. Calculate:
i) Optimum manufacturing costs
ii) The maximum inventory
iii) Time between orders
iv) The number of orders per.

40.The demand rate for an item in a company is 18000 units per year. The company can produce
At the rate of 3000 per month. The cost of one set up cost is Rs.500 and the holding cost of 1 unit
per Month is 0.15 .The shortage cost of one unit is Rs.20 per year. Determine the optimum
manufacturing Quantity and the number of shortages.
41- The demand of an item is uniform at a rate of 20 units per month. The fixed costs is
Rs.10each Time a production run is made. The production cost is Rs,1 per item and the inventory
carrying costs Re.0.25 per item per month. If the shortage cost is Rs.1.25 per item per month,
determine how Frequently the production run is to be made and of what size.
42.-A newspaper boy buys papers for 1.40 and sells them for 2.5 each. He cannot return unsold
Newspapers. Daily demand has the following distribution.

No.of 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Customer
Probability 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.02

43. A project schedule has the following characteristics.

 Activity 1-2 1-3 2-4 3-4 3-5 4-9 5-6 5-7 6-8 7-8 8-10 9-10
Time(days) 4 1 1 1 6 5 4 8 1 2 5 7
. From the above information you are required to
i)Construct a network diagram.
ii)Compute earliest and latest event time
44- Elaborate the determination of floats and slack variables.
45- Analyse the characteristic of deterministic model 1 and model 2.
46- Machine A cost Rs.9000.Annual operating cost are Rs 200 for the first year and then
increases by Rs.2000 every year. Determine the best age to replace the machine. if the optimum
replacement policy is followed ,what will be the average cost of owning and operating the
machine?
47- A truck owner finds from his past records that the maintenance costs per year of a truck
whose purchase price is Rs.8000 are as given below

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Maintenance 1000 1300 1700 2200 2900 3800 4800 6000
costs
Resale price 4000 2000 1200 600 500 400 400 400
Determine the time at which it is profitable to replace the truck.
48.The following table gives the minimum costs per year and resale price of a certain equipment
whose purchase price is Rs.5000.

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Running 1500 1600 1800 2100 2500 2900 3400 4400
cost
Resale 3500 2500 1700 1200 800 500 500 500
value

49. Solve the following pay off matrix determine the optimal strategies and the value of game.
B
5 1.
A 3 4
50.An automobile production line turns out about 100cars a day but deviations occur owing to
Many causes. The production is more accurately described by the probability distribution given
below.

Production Probability
 95 0.03
96 0.05
97 0.07
98 0.10
99 0.15
100 0.20
101 0.15
102 0.10
103 0.07
104 0.05
105 0.03
106 0.60
Finished cars are transported across the bay at the end of each day by ferry. If the ferry has space
for only 101 car, what will be the average number of cars waiting to be shipped and what will be
average number of empty space on the ship?
51- Explain Morte Carlo technique.
52- What are the types of decision making situations?
53- Discuss the classification of decisions?
54- Distinguish between decision under certainty and decision under un certainty.
55.Determine some methods which are useful for decision making under Uncertainty.
56. Explain uses of simulation method.
57- What are the problems and limitation in simulation method?
58- Explain the dynamic Programming? Give its various applications
59- Analyse the Important characteristics of Dynamic Programming Problems.
60.Explain the approximation method of solving the game.