Summary of Concepts

STS- LESSON 1 Historical antecedents in which social

considerations changed the course of science and technology
Throughout history, social considerations have often played a
significant role in shaping the course of science and technology.
Here are some notable historical antecedents in which social
factors influenced the direction and impact of scientific and

technological advancements:

The Printing Press (15th Century): Johannes Gutenberg's

invention of the printing press had profound social implications. It
made books more widely available, which, in turn, democratized
knowledge and facilitated the spread of ideas. This invention
played a crucial role in the Renaissance, the Protestant
Reformation, and the Enlightenment, fostering social change and
the dissemination of information.

The Industrial Revolution (18th and 19th Centuries): The Industrial

Revolution transformed society through technological innovations
in manufacturing and transportation. The shift from agrarian
economies to industrial ones brought significant social changes,
including urbanization, changes in labor practices, and the rise of
the working class. Social considerations, such as labor rights and
working conditions, became central issues.

Medical Ethics and Human Experimentation (20th Century): The

unethical experiments conducted during World War II, such as the
Nuremberg Trials and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, led to the
development of medical ethics and regulations governing human
research. Social outrage and concern over such abuses drove the
development of ethical guidelines that continue to shape medical
research and technology.

Environmental Movement (Late 20th Century): The growing

awareness of environmental issues, spurred by events like the
publication of Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" and the first Earth
Day in 1970, led to significant changes in science and technology.
Public pressure and environmental activism influenced
government policies, leading to the establishment of
environmental regulations and the development of eco-friendly
technologies.
The Internet and Social Media (Late 20th Century to Present): The
development and widespread adoption of the internet and social
media platforms have transformed the way society
communicates, gathers information, and conducts business.
These technologies have had profound social and cultural
impacts, influencing politics, entertainment, and activism.

Biotechnology and Ethical Concerns (Late 20th Century to

Present): Advances in biotechnology, including genetic
engineering and cloning, have raised ethical dilemmas and
concerns about issues such as human cloning, genetically
modified organisms (GMOs), and gene editing. Public debates and
ethical considerations have influenced regulations and the
direction of biotechnological research.

Climate Change and Renewable Energy (21st Century): Growing

awareness of climate change's impacts and the need for
sustainable energy sources has led to social movements and
international agreements like the Paris Agreement. These social
considerations have accelerated the development and adoption
of renewable energy technologies.

Artificial Intelligence and Privacy (21st Century): The rapid

advancement of artificial intelligence and machine learning
technologies has sparked debates about data privacy,
surveillance, and ethical AI use. Social concerns about the
potential misuse of AI have led to calls for regulations and
responsible development practices.
In all these cases, social considerations, including ethical, moral,
and political factors, have played a pivotal role in guiding the
trajectory of scientific and technological progress. Science and
technology do not exist in isolation; they are deeply intertwined
with the values and concerns of society, shaping and being
shaped by them
Please follow also the link below:

Frontlearners - Science, Technology and Society - 01 Historical Antecedents (starbooks.ph)

STS MODULE 1, HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (studylib.net)

STS - Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology - Part 1 - YouTube

STS 10 Ch.1 Lesson 1- Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology (Part 1) - YouTube
STS- LESSON 2 – Intellectual Revolutions Intellectual that
defined society
a. Copernican
b. Darwinian
c. Freudian
d. Information
e. Meso-American
f. Asian
g. Middle East
h. African

Summary

Intellectual revolutions have played pivotal roles in shaping societies and our
understanding of the world. Here's a brief description of each of the listed intellectual
revolutions:

a. Copernican Revolution: Named after Nicolaus Copernicus, this revolution challenged

the geocentric model of the universe, asserting that the Earth orbits the Sun. This
heliocentric view transformed astronomy and laid the foundation for modern cosmology.

b. Darwinian Revolution: Associated with Charles Darwin, this revolution introduced the
theory of evolution by natural selection. It fundamentally altered our understanding of
life's diversity and the origins of species, impacting biology and challenging religious
beliefs.

c. Freudian Revolution: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory revolutionized psychology

and our understanding of the human mind. It introduced concepts like the unconscious,
defense mechanisms, and the importance of early childhood experiences in shaping
personality.

d. Information Revolution: This ongoing revolution is characterized by the rapid growth of

information technology, including the internet, computing, and telecommunications. It
has transformed communication, commerce, and access to knowledge on a global scale.

e. Meso-American Intellectual Traditions: Meso-American civilizations, such as the Maya

and Aztec, made significant intellectual contributions in areas like mathematics,
astronomy, and hieroglyphic writing. Their intellectual achievements shaped their
societies and understanding of the cosmos.

f. Asian Intellectual Traditions: Asia has a rich history of intellectual traditions, including
Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. These philosophies have deeply influenced Asian
societies and had a lasting impact on ethics, governance, and spirituality.

g. Middle Eastern Intellectual Traditions: The Middle East is known for its contributions to
mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and philosophy during the Islamic Golden Age.
Scholars like Al-Kindi, Ibn Sina, and Ibn Rushd played key roles in preserving and
advancing knowledge.

h. African Intellectual Traditions: Africa has a diverse intellectual heritage, with

indigenous knowledge systems, oral traditions, and contributions in fields like astronomy,
medicine, and mathematics. These traditions have shaped African societies and continue
to influence contemporary thought.

Each of these intellectual revolutions or traditions has left a lasting legacy, influencing the
way societies think, operate, and perceive the world. They have not only advanced
knowledge but have also sparked cultural, social, and scientific transformations.
Please visit also the sites below:
- https://www.slideshare.net/rey_john_rey/intellectual-revolutions-that-defined-soc
iety
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tsi9UISTiag

SOME KEYPOINTS TO REMEMBER

Freudian Revolution (Sigmund Freud)

This theory has started to

revolutionize Psychiatry with
Sigmund Freud. This includes
the "Freudian
Theory of Personality" that
involves the human
development contributes to
his/her personality and
also his "psychoanalysis" that is
the process for achieving
proper functioning if a human
does not
complete his/her developmental
stage
This theory has started to
revolutionize Psychiatry with
Sigmund Freud. This includes
the "Freudian
Theory of Personality" that
involves the human
development contributes to
his/her personality and
also his "psychoanalysis" that is
the process for achieving
proper functioning if a human
does not
complete his/her developmental
stage
This theory has started to
revolutionize Psychiatry with
Sigmund Freud. This includes
the "Freudian
Theory of Personality" that
involves the human
development contributes to
his/her personality and
also his "psychoanalysis" that is
the process for achieving
proper functioning if a human
does not
complete his/her developmental
stage
This theory has started to revolutionize Psychiatry with Sigmund Freud. This
includes the "FreudianTheory of Personality" that involves the human development
contributes to his/her personality andalso his "psychoanalysis" that is the process for
achieving proper functioning if a human does notcomplete his/her developmental stage.
The method of psychoanalysis is a scientific way to study the human mind and
neurotic illness. His method was unorthodox – focusing on human sexuality and evil
nature of man.

Copernican Revolution (Nicolaus Copernicus)

This caused the paradigm shift of how the earth and sun were placed in the
heavens/universe. It isthe idea that rejected Ptolemaic model (earth is the center of the
solar system) and proved theheliocentric model (Sun is the center of the solar system
having the earth revolving around it.) This idea and model of the universe was essentially
completed in 1510.

Darwinian Revolution (Charles Darwin)

Charles Darwin is famous

for his theory of evolution.
He changed our concept of
the world’s
creation and evolution.
This has brought a great impact
on how people approach
Biology forever. This revolution
provided a
different than the "theory
of Creation". The Darwinian
revolution started when
Charles Darwin
published his book "The Origin
of Species" in 1589 that
emphasizes that humans are
the result of
an evolution
Charles Darwin is famous for his theory of evolution. He changed our
concept of the world’s creation and evolution. This has brought a great impact on how
people approach Biology forever. This revolution provided a different than the "theory
of Creation". The Darwinian revolution started when Charles Darwin published
his book "The Origin of Species" in 1589 that emphasizes that humans are the result of an
evolution. His book presented evidence on how species evolved over time and presented
traits and adaptation that differentiate species