301-00-AB-SPC-00014 - NFXP3 Common Bldg. Blast Resistant Specs.

DocuSign Envelope ID: 7A1A0233-B1EC-48C3-9AF7-5253741695A0
COMPANY: Contract No.:

QATARGAS OPERATING COMPANY LIMITED LTC/C/NFE/3998/18
PROJECT:
Doc. No.:
RLTO EXPANSION AND OFFPLOT FACILITIES OF THE
301-00-AB-SPC-00014
NORTH FIELD EXPANSION PROJECT (EPC-3)
CONTRACTOR: Rev. 0
TECNICAS REUNIDAS S.A. PAGE 1 OF 18
Doc. Title: NFXP3 COMMON BUILDING BLAST RESISTANT SPECIFICATION
CONTRACT TITLE :
Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Commissioning Agreement for RLTO

Expansion and Offplot Facilities of the NORTH FIELD EXPANSION PROJECT
TITLE :
NFXP3 COMMON BUILDING BLAST RESISTANT

SPECIFICATION
0 27-JAN-22 Approved for Construction SAM MDM LSM
B 23-DEC-21 Issued for Approval SAM MDM LSM
A 20-DEC-21 Issued for Inter-Discipline Check SAM MDM LSM

Prep’d by Chk’d by App’d by Chk’d by App’d by
Rev. Issue Date Revision Description
CONT. CONT. CONT. COMPANY. COMPANY.
COMPANY
QATARGAS OPERATING COMPANY LIMITED
CONTRACTOR
TECNICAS REUNIDAS S.A.
DOCUMENT NO. 301-00-AB-SPC-00014 DOC. CLASS 1
This document is property of Técnicas Reunidas. Its reproduction without a written permission is strictly forbidden.
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Table of Contents
1. GENERAL .................................................................................................. 3
1.1 SCOPE .................................................................................................. 3
1.2 REFERENCES ...................................................................................... 4
1.3 DEFINITION .......................................................................................... 5
2. LOADS....................................................................................................... 7
2.1 BLAST PRESSURE AND DURATIONS ................................................ 7
2.2 RESISTANCE - STATIC LOAD EQUIVALENT BLAST LOADING ....... 8
2.3 DEFORMATION LIMITS........................................................................ 9
2.4 CONVENTIONAL LOADS ................................................................... 11
3. STRUCTURAL DESIGN .......................................................................... 12
3.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CAPACITY ................................................... 12
3.2 ADDITIONAL STRUCTURE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .................... 13
4. FOUNDATION DESIGN ........................................................................... 15
4.1 LOADS ................................................................................................ 15
4.2 CAPACITY .......................................................................................... 16
5. DOORS AND OPENINGS ........................................................................ 16
5.1 DOORS ............................................................................................... 16
5.2 WINDOWS AND OTHER OPENINGS ................................................. 17
6. EQUIPMENT AND APPURTENANCES................................................... 17
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1. GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
This specification defines the requirements for design and construction of buildings for North
Field Expansion Project Onshore Facilities - Package 3 (EPC-3).
This specification covers the design and installation of permanent fixed facilities only, including
buildings which are to be constructed in a modularized manner. The requirements for the
classification of a building to be blast resistant shall be confirmed based on the outcomes of
NFXP3-TRSA-SH-REP-00010 RLTO-QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT,
NFXP3-TRSA-SH-REP-00062 MEG-QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT and
NFXP3-TRSA-SH-REP-00063 CO2-QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT.
The FACILITIES pertaining to EPC-3 includes the following as shown in Figure 1.1:
A) RLTO Modification
• Unit 77: Condensate Storage (CCSL Facility)

• Unit 78: Refrigerated LPG Storage (CLPG Facility)
B) NFE MEG Facility
• Unit 97: NFE MEG
C) CO2 Sequestration Pipeline to Injection Wells
Figure 1.1
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1.2 REFERENCES
This Section lists Practices and Standards that are referenced and assumed to be a part of
this document. Unless otherwise specified herein, use the latest edition.
Local codes and standards may be substituted for the ones referenced herein provided the
following provisions are met:
1) The resultant design meets the safety and serviceability criteria attained through this
specification.
2) Substitution is accepted by the authorities where the facility is to be located and by the
COMPANY.
1.2.1 Codes and Standards
(1) ACI American Concrete Institute

ACI 318-08 Building Code Requirement for Structural Concrete
ACI 530 Building Code Requirements and Specification for Masonry
Structures and Companion Commentaries
(2) AISC American Institute of Steel Construction
AISC 360-10 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
AISC 303-10 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges
Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490
Bolts
Manual of Steel Construction
(3) ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
BLAST Design of Blast Resistant Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities
(4) API American Petroleum Institute
API RP 752 Management of Hazard Associated with Location of Process
Plant Buildings
(5) CCPS Center for Chemical Process Safety
Guidelines for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External
Explosions and Fires
(6) PRT-000-PRC-009 - SHE Risk Acceptance Criteria
(7) AISI American Iron and Steel Institute
AISI 2001 Cold-Formed Steel Design Specification
(8) ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
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A 36/A 36M Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel

A 572/A 572M Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
Columbium- Vanadium Structural Steel
A 615/A 615M Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet - Steel
Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A 653/A 653M Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated
(Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the
Hot-Dip Process
A 1064/A1064M Standard Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire
Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
C 90 Standard Specification for Load Bearing Concrete Masonry
Units
C 1048 Standard Specification for Heat-Treated Flat Glass - Kind HS,
Kind FT Coated and Uncoated Glass
(9) NFPA National Fire Protection Association
101 Life Safety Code
1.3 DEFINITION
COMPANY: QATARGAS OPERATING COMPANY LIMITED.
PROJECT: RLTO Expansion and Offplot Facilities of the North Field Expansion
Project (EPC-3).
CONTRACTOR: TECNICAS REUNIDAS S.A.
Any person, firm, partnership, company, corporation or combination

VENDOR:
thereof with whom CONTRACTOR has sent the REQUEST FOR
QUOTATION or placed the PURCHASE ORDER to provide materials
or equipment.
1.3.1 ABBREVIATION
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
BDL Building Damage Level
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BRA Building Risk Assessment
CCPS Center of Chemical Process Safety / America Institute of Chemical Engineers
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
1.3.2 TERMINOLOGY
A transient change in the gas density, pressure, and velocity of the air
BLAST:
surrounding an explosion point. The initial change can be either
discontinuous or gradual. A discontinuous change is referred to as a
shock wave, and a gradual change is known as a pressure wave.
The load applied to a structure or object from a blast wave, which is

BLAST LOAD:
described by the combination of overpressure and either impulse or
duration.
Buildings that are structurally designed to withstand an explosion

BLAST RESISTANT
generated load (pressure and impulse) while sustaining a
BUILDING:
predetermined amount of damage. A blast-resistant building shall be
capable of resisting, with tolerable damage represented by specified
component response limits, the specified effects of the applicable
design Vapor Cloud Explosions (VCEs) occurring in any horizontal
direction.
Potential Sustained Damage to a Structure. A one (1- cosmetic) to

BUILDING DAMAGE
four (4 – catastrophic) scale which equates building damage as a
LEVEL:
function of the construction and intensity of an explosion.
A release of energy that causes a pressure discontinuity or blast

EXPLOSION:
wave.
Any pressure above atmospheric caused by a blast.

OVERPRESSURE:
Impulse or pressure experienced by an object facing a blast.

REFLECTED
PRESSURE:
The impulse or pressure experienced by an object as a blast wave

SIDE-ON
passes by it.
OVERPRESSURE:
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The explosion resulting from the ignition of a cloud of flammable

VAPOR CLOUD
vapor, gas, or mist in which flame speeds accelerate to sufficiently
EXPLOSION (VCE):
high velocities to produce significant overpressure. Specific blast
overpressures and impulses for each blast resistant buildings are
defined in 301-41-AB-LIS-00001 NFXP3 COMMON BUILDING LIST.
Buildings are categorized for the purpose of blast resistant design

BUILDING
based on spacing from a credible VCE hazard.
CATEGORIES
The structural strength required or the capacity provided to permit a

DYNAMIC
structural component to resist the effects of the blast loadings within
RESISTANCE OR
the specified deformation limits.
EQUIVALENT
STATIC LOAD
The following descriptions apply to the response of buildings from a

BUILDING
VCE event:
RESPONSE:
Low Response: Localized building/component damage. Building can

a)
be used; however, repairs are required to restore integrity of structural
envelope.
High Response: Building/component damage is at the limit of
b)
structural integrity. Additional loading (subsequent to blast pressure)
due to environmental conditions (i.e., wind, rain) may lead to collapse.
2. LOADS
2.1 BLAST PRESSURE AND DURATIONS
1) Blast load overpressures and durations for each blast resistant buildings are defined in
301-41-AB-LIS-00001 NFXP3 COMMON BUILDING LIST which shall be taken from the
approved safety study/BRA values.
2) Each blast load shall be assumed to have a shock front and to decrease linearly from the
specified peak pressure (Po or Pr) to zero for the duration (to or te).
3) Structural components of a blast resistant building shall be designed for the blast loads
specified in 2.1.1).
a) Each Wall shall be designed for the peak reflected pressure (Pr) with effective duration
(te).
b) Slab, cladding or beams of a flat roof (sloped less than 20 degrees) shall be designed
for the peak incident overpressure (Po) and duration (to)
c) Main structural framing shall be designed for:
i. The blast load or its effects on any wall per Section 2.1.3), Item a
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ii. Roof load per Section 2.1.3), Item b

The effect of an average roof load and rear wall loading may be included using
procedures in the ASCE publication of blast resistant buildings (ASCE BLAST).
4) Both irregular shapes of building and reduction of blast load due to shielding by obstacles
or structural barriers shall be approved by COMPANY.
2.2 RESISTANCE - STATIC LOAD EQUIVALENT BLAST LOADING
1) Static equivalent loads may be used to represent the dynamic effects of the blast loading
(pressure, duration, rebound) on each structural component provided that:
a) Static equivalent load shall be the resistance (R) or rebound (R r) required for the
component to resist the specified blast loading without exceeding the deformation
limits specified in Section 2.3.
b) Governing static equivalent load for each structural component shall be the VCE
scenario that requires the greatest structural resistance according to Section 2.2, Item
2, below, taking into account the specified deformation limits for each VCE scenario.
2) Required dynamic resistance (R) in the direction of blast loads shall be calculated
according to the procedure outlined in the ASCE publication, or an equivalent acceptable
method which takes into account dynamic response. Required dynamic resistance may be
calculated according to the following general formula:
Where:
R = Required dynamic resistance of structural element,

expressed as static load equivalent of blast pressure and
duration, psi (kPa)
P = Peak blast load = Pr or Po , as appropriate for the element

under consideration, psi (kPa)
a = Energy absorption factor = 2µd – 1
µd = Maximum ductility demand = Xm/Xy
τ = Duration factor = t/T
Xm = Maximum dynamic displacement, inches (mm)

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Xy = Effective displacement at yield of the equivalent bilinear

load- displacement function, in. (mm)
t = Duration of blast load, milliseconds (ms)
T = Fundamental period of vibration of individual element

under consideration, milliseconds (ms)
3) Required rebound resistance (Rr), opposite in direction to the blast loading, shall be
determined according to the ASCE publication, or an equivalent acceptable method, but
shall be not less than 25 percent of the required dynamic resistance.
2.3 DEFORMATION LIMITS
1) Maximum deformation (µd, θ) of any structural element shall not exceed either of the
following limits as specified in Tables 1, 2, and 3. The allowable response ("low" or "high")
shall be specified by COMPANY on a case by case basis.
2) Deformation limits specified for High Response may be used for all blast load cases for a
protective structure around an existing building, provided that there is enough clearance to
accommodate the deformation of the surrounding structure without damage to the
protected building.
3) Deformation limits for other structural materials or systems shall be approved by
COMPANY.
Table 1: Response Criteria for Reinforced Concrete
(2)
(4)
Support Rotation, θ a
Element Type Controlling Stress µa
Low High
Beams Flexure N/A
Shear: (1) Concrete Only 1.3
1 4
Concrete + Stirrups 1.6
Stirrups Only 3.0
Compression 1.3
Slabs Flexure N/A
Shear: (1) Concrete Only 1.3
2 8
Concrete + Stirrups 1.6
Stirrups Only 3.0
Compression 1.3
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(2)
(4)
Support Rotation, θ a
Element Type Controlling Stress µa
Low High
Beam-Columns Flexure: (5) Compression (C) 1.3
Tension (T) Note (3)
1 4
Between C & T Note (6)
Shear (1) 1.3

Shear Walls, Flexure 3.0 1 2
Diaphragms
Shear: (1) 1.5
Notes to Table 1:
(1) Shear controls when shear resistance is less than 120% of flexural resistance.
(2) Stirrups are required for support rotations greater than 2 degrees
(3) Ductility ratio = 0.05 / (ρ – ρ′) < 10
(4) Ductility ratio applies to all response ranges.
(5) Compression is when the axial load is greater than the balanced condition on the column
interaction diagram. Tension is when the axial load is less than 0.1 f ′dc Ag or 1/3 of the
balanced axial load, whichever is less.
(6) The ductility ratio shall be determined by linear interpolation between the compression
and tension values
where ρ = Tension steel reinforcing ratio
ρ′ = Compression steel reinforcing ratio
f ′dc = Concrete dynamic compressive strength, psi (MPa)
Ag = Area of gross concrete section, in² (m²)
Table 2: Response Criteria for Reinforced Masonry
Support Rotation, θa
Element Type µ a(1)
Low High
One-Way 1 0.5 1
Two-Way 2 0.5 2
Note to table 2
(1): Ductility ratio values (µa) apply to low response
range only.
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Table 3: Response Criteria for Structural Steel
Response Range
Element Type Low High
µ θa µa θa
a
Beams, Girts, Purlins 3 2 20 12
Frame Members (1) 1.5 1 3 2
Cold-Formed Panels 1.75 1.25 6 4
Open-Web Joists 1 1 4 2
Plates 5 3 20 12
Note to Table 3:
(1) Side-sway limits for frames:
low = H/50; high = H/25
where H = Building height
θ = Joint rotation, degrees, = arctan (Xm / Is)

ls = Segment length between plastic or design hinges in the
element under consideration, in. (mm)
Xm = μ R
_
d
K
e
Ke = Effective elastic stiffness of structural element, psi/in.

(kPa/mm)
µa, θa Allowable deformation limits for specified response range.
µd, R, Xm are as defined in Section 2.2.
2.4 CONVENTIONAL LOADS
Conventional loads, such as dead load, live load, wind, or earthquake load, shall be as
specified in 301-00-AB-SPC-00011.
1) Normal (conventional) loading conditions (as specified by the applicable building codes,
specifications, or standards) shall be considered for all blast-resistant buildings and other
structures.
2) Blast loading conditions shall include load combinations as follows:
a) Total resistance (U) required in direction of blast loading:
U=D+L+R
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where:
D = Dead load or its effect
L = Live load or its effect
b) Total rebound resistance (Ur) required in direction opposite to blast loading

Ur = D − Rr
c) Wind, earthquake, or other extreme loads shall not be considered in combination with
blast loading.
3. STRUCTURAL DESIGN
3.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CAPACITY
1) Dynamic capacity of any structural element shall be determined according to the plastic or
load resistance factor design method for structural steel and the ultimate strength method
for reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete masonry as provided by the AISC
specifications and ACI standards, respectively, except as described below.
a) Dynamic strength of materials shall be equal to:
Fdy= SIF × DIF × Fy
where:
Fdy = Steel dynamic yield strength, concrete dynamic
compressive strength, or masonry dynamic compressive
SIF = Strength
strength, Increase
psi (MPa)Factor per the following:
Material SIF
Structural Steel (Fy<50 ksi) 1.1
Reinforcing Steel (Fy<60 ksi) 1.1
Cold-Formed Steel 1.21
Concrete 1.0
All Other 1.0
DIF = Dynamic Increase Factor per Table 5 or 6
Fy = Specified steel yield strength, specified concrete
strength, or specified masonry compressive strength, psi
compressive
(MPa)
b) Material capacity reduction factor (φ) shall be equal to 1.0.
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c) Dynamic modulus of elasticity for concrete, concrete masonry, and steel shall be taken
as the static value.
Table 4: Dynamic Increase Factors (DIF) for Reinforcing Bars, Concrete, and Masonry
DIF
Stress Type
Reinforcing Bars Concrete Masonry
Flexure 1.17 1.19 1.19
Compression 1.10 1.12 1.12
Diagonal Tension 1.00 1.00 1.00
Direct Shear 1.10 1.10 1.00
Bond 1.17 1.00 1.00
Table 5: Dynamic Increase Factors (DIF) for Structural Steel,

Cold-Formed Steel, and Aluminum
D
Material I
Bending/Shear Tension/Compression
F
A36 1.29 1.19
A588 1.19 1.12
A514 1.09 1.05
A446 1.10 1.10
Stainless Steel Type 304 1.18 1.15
Aluminum, 6061-T6 1.02 1.00
3.2 ADDITIONAL STRUCTURE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1) Design and construction of blast-resistant buildings shall comply with the following general
requirements:
a) Blast resistant buildings should be preferably one-story but no more than two-story in
height. The layout (plan and elevation profiles) shall be free of re-entrant corners to
the maximum extent possible.
b) Lateral load carrying systems shall be shear walls, rigid frames, or braced frames with
ductile connections.
c) Beam or girder spans between supports shall not exceed 50-ft (15 m).
d) Materials of limited ductility, such as unreinforced concrete or unreinforced masonry
(concrete blocks, bricks, stones, etc.), are not permitted for blast-resisting structural
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elements. When such materials are used for non-structural functions in a blast-
resistant building, consideration shall be given to their collateral damage due to the
blast-induced motion of the building.
2) Reinforced concrete structures shall satisfy the following additional requirements:
a) Roof slabs and external walls shall be double reinforced. The amount of reinforcement
on each face shall be between 0.25 percent and 2 percent of the effective cross-
sectional area. Slabs and walls shall be a minimum of 5 in. (125 mm) and 8 in. (200
mm) average thickness, respectively.
b) Frames and shear walls shall be designed in accordance with Special Provisions for
Seismic Design, according to ACI 318-08, except as modified herein.
3) Structural steel design and construction shall satisfy the following additional requirements:
a) All members shall be designed with stiffeners and bracing to prevent local or general
buckling before their full plastic capacities are developed.
b) Joints and connections shall be capable of developing the full capacities of the
connected members. The allowable stresses in bolts and welds shall be as specified
in the plastic design portion of the AISC specifications.
4) Reinforced masonry walls for blast resistant buildings shall include the following provisions:
a) Masonry units shall be hollow concrete blocks conforming to ASTM C 90, Grade N,
with minimum static crushing strength, fm, of 1500 psi (10 MPa). The nominal
thickness of the masonry units shall be not less than 10 in. (250 mm).
b) Masonry walls shall have both vertical (cell) and horizontal (joint) reinforcements
conforming to ASTM A 615 and ASTM A 1064, respectively. All reinforced cells shall
be filled with concrete of compatible strength.
c) Reinforced masonry wall design shall be based on the principles of ultimate strength
design for reinforced concrete according to ACI 318-08, or an equivalent acceptable
method.
d) Reinforcement shall be provided for shear and the wall tied to the structural framing to
resist rebound.
5) Cold-formed steel panel cladding for walls and roof for buildings shall include the following
provisions:
a) Steel cladding shall have closed or open type corrugation. For closed (double skin)
type cladding, the minimum metal thickness shall be not less than 0.04 in. (1.0 mm).
The corresponding value for open (single skin) type cladding is 0.06 in. (1.5 mm).
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b) Steel cladding shall be designed and anchored to provide for tension-membrane action
under the blast loading conditions.
c) Oversized washers shall be used to secure the cladding to the girts to prevent tearing
under the effects of suction or rebound.
d) Other types of steel cladding may be used, provided that its blast-load carrying
capability is verified by tests, subject to COMPANY approval.
6) Pre-engineered steel constructed buildings may be used provided it can adequately
support the appropriate static equivalent loads specified herein and it complies with the
following:
a) Cladding shall be 24 gauge (0.6 mm) minimum thickness.
b) Girts and purlins shall be of symmetric shapes, either individual sections (such as wide
flange members) or composite sections (such as back-to-back channels). Girts shall
be spaced a maximum of 3.5 ft (1.0 m), and purlins a maximum of 5 ft (1.5 m) center-
to-center.
7) Supports for roof and floor supported equipment:
a) Supports for equipment suspended from the roof shall be designed using normal static
allowable stresses to resist a horizontal or vertical force equal to three times the weight
of the equipment. Provisions shall be made to accommodate horizontal movement of
the roof.
b) Floor-supported equipment (such as lockers, electrical cubicles, and tubing racks)
shall have a minimum clearance from the outside walls commensurate with the
anticipated displacement of the building under blast loads, or 1.5 in. (40 mm),
whichever is greater.
4. FOUNDATION DESIGN
4.1 LOADS
1) Foundations shall be designed for the maximum values of the reactions resulting from the
combined effects of the following loadings:
a) Blast loads as specified in Section 2.1.3), Item c.
b) Applicable dead and live loads.
In lieu of a dynamic analysis the maximum value of the combined reactions to loads, a and
b above can be considered as the reaction to the total structural resistance applied as a
static load. The durations and time phase relationships shall be disregarded.
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2) In no case shall the ultimate static capacity of foundation be less than the ultimate static
capacity of the structural system it supports, or 1.2 times the transmitted loads, whichever
is less.
4.2 CAPACITY
1) Allowable dynamic soil bearing pressures shall be based on the results of a soils
investigation and consideration of permissible total and differential settlements.
2) Foundations shall be designed so that the safety factor against overturning due to the
unbalanced lateral dynamic reactions is not less than 1.2.
3) Passive resistance of the foundation, where required in addition to friction to resist sliding,
shall be at least 1.2 times the unbalanced lateral load. The unbalanced lateral load is
defined as the total horizontal dynamic reaction force less the frictional resistance.
4) Vertical pile capacity—For piled foundations, the allowable vertical load under the blast
condition shall be the ultimate static capacity divided by 1.2 or 2.5 times the conventional
allowable load, whichever is less. The ultimate static capacity shall be based on the results
of a soils investigation and/or pile load test.
5) Lateral pile capacity—Where piles are required to resist lateral movements of the structure,
they shall be designed as follows:
a) If only vertical piles are used, the combined ultimate lateral capacity of the piles and
the passive resistance on the foundation walls and footing shall be equal to or greater
than 1.2 times the full lateral resistance required.
b) Where batter piles are used, the allowable lateral resistance of the foundation shall be
taken as 0.8 times the ultimate lateral load capacity of the batter piles plus 0.5 times
the passive resistance.
5. DOORS AND OPENINGS
5.1 DOORS
1) Doors in external blast-resistant walls, their frames, and anchorage, shall be designed
statically for inward and outward pressure per the ASCE Design of Blast Resistant
Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities. The category of acceptance and loading criteria shall
be specified by COMPANY on a case-by-case basis.
a) Allowable stresses shall be taken as the dynamic yield values for the material being
used.
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2) Exterior doors of non-critical buildings and associated hardware shall be heavy-duty

industrial type equipped with rebound latches.
3) Exterior doors for all blast resistant buildings shall open outward and shall be supported on
all edges by the door frames. Each such door shall be recessed no more than one-half its
width into the building.
4) Latch and hinge mechanisms shall be capable of withstanding the door rebound loading.
5) Blast resistant doors and associated hardware shall be designed and fabricated by a
vendor approved by COMPANY.
5.2 WINDOWS AND OTHER OPENINGS
Openings (such as vent intakes and fume hoods) shall be designed for blast effects. Such
openings shall prevent entry of shock waves and debris into personnel and critical equipment
areas by proper location, by use of blast valves, blast attenuators, or other means.
1) Openings other than doors in the exterior blast-resistant wall (such as openings for air
intakes, fume hoods, cable ducts, etc.) shall be kept to a minimum in number and total
area.
2) Windows are not normally permitted in exterior blast-resistant walls. Where local
requirements mandate such windows in blast-resistant buildings, they shall be qualified by
design and/or tests for blast-resistance to the specified blast loading, subject to
COMPANY.
3) Glass in interior windows and doors of all blast resistant buildings shall be minimized.
Where required, glass shall meet the following requirements:
a) Glass shall be fully tempered and meet the requirements as specified in ASTM C 1048.
b) The minimum thickness shall be 0.25 in. (6 mm).
c) Glass shall be either monolithic or laminated with a 0.060-in. (1.5-mm) interlayer. A
polyester security film with a minimum thickness of 0.004-in. (0.1-mm) shall be applied
to all monolithic glass.
6. EQUIPMENT AND APPURTENANCES
1) Equipment critical to the operation of facilities housed in blast-resistant buildings shall be

blast protected (unless otherwise specified) by locating them within the building or in a
blast- resistant enclosure, if such equipment can be rendered inoperable by the blast
effects.
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2) All externally mounted heavy equipment shall be preferably located at grade rather than on
the building roof. Such equipment shall be securely anchored to its support.
3) All non-structural appurtenances on the exterior of the building shall be securely fastened
to avoid their being torn off in a blast and becoming damage projectiles.

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COMPANY: Contract No.:

Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Commissioning Agreement for RLTO

NFXP3 COMMON BUILDING BLAST RESISTANT

0 27-JAN-22 Approved for Construction SAM MDM LSM

B 23-DEC-21 Issued for Approval SAM MDM LSM

A 20-DEC-21 Issued for Inter-Discipline Check SAM MDM LSM

QATARGAS OPERATING COMPANY LIMITED

TECNICAS REUNIDAS S.A.

DOCUMENT NO. 301-00-AB-SPC-00014 DOC. CLASS 1

• Unit 77: Condensate Storage (CCSL Facility)

• Unit 97: NFE MEG

C) CO2 Sequestration Pipeline to Injection Wells

1.2.1 Codes and Standards

(1) ACI American Concrete Institute

A 36/A 36M Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel

COMPANY: QATARGAS OPERATING COMPANY LIMITED.

CONTRACTOR: TECNICAS REUNIDAS S.A.

Any person, firm, partnership, company, corporation or combination

ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers

BDL Building Damage Level

BRA Building Risk Assessment

CCPS Center of Chemical Process Safety / America Institute of Chemical Engineers

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

The load applied to a structure or object from a blast wave, which is

Buildings that are structurally designed to withstand an explosion

Potential Sustained Damage to a Structure. A one (1- cosmetic) to

A release of energy that causes a pressure discontinuity or blast

Any pressure above atmospheric caused by a blast.

Impulse or pressure experienced by an object facing a blast.

The impulse or pressure experienced by an object as a blast wave

The explosion resulting from the ignition of a cloud of flammable

Buildings are categorized for the purpose of blast resistant design

The structural strength required or the capacity provided to permit a

The following descriptions apply to the response of buildings from a

Low Response: Localized building/component damage. Building can

2.1 BLAST PRESSURE AND DURATIONS

ii. Roof load per Section 2.1.3), Item b

2.2 RESISTANCE - STATIC LOAD EQUIVALENT BLAST LOADING

R = Required dynamic resistance of structural element,

P = Peak blast load = Pr or Po , as appropriate for the element

a = Energy absorption factor = 2µd – 1

µd = Maximum ductility demand = Xm/Xy

τ = Duration factor = t/T

Xm = Maximum dynamic displacement, inches (mm)

Xy = Effective displacement at yield of the equivalent bilinear

t = Duration of blast load, milliseconds (ms)

T = Fundamental period of vibration of individual element

2.3 DEFORMATION LIMITS

Shear (1) 1.3

Ag = Area of gross concrete section, in² (m²)

Table 2: Response Criteria for Reinforced Masonry

Table 3: Response Criteria for Structural Steel

θ = Joint rotation, degrees, = arctan (Xm / Is)

Ke = Effective elastic stiffness of structural element, psi/in.

µd, R, Xm are as defined in Section 2.2.

2.4 CONVENTIONAL LOADS

b) Total rebound resistance (Ur) required in direction opposite to blast loading

3.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CAPACITY

Fdy= SIF × DIF × Fy

b) Material capacity reduction factor (φ) shall be equal to 1.0.

Table 5: Dynamic Increase Factors (DIF) for Structural Steel,

3.2 ADDITIONAL STRUCTURE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

5. DOORS AND OPENINGS