IN une op | + mse lnstegy fs olefin as fhe ih Hrsteay Or MecroRroiee @ | ard oR Of OApganigmns ays Kio small JS Loe Leon! Che. ) Ae Uraitedl eye - thar Ge, the wen ON aa ees | Aish, Ie f aan ft The fad feason ke pulrliah onbirwiee | Sions yf enitgoorpantirme aa dutth! watchor — amlto scope Sating Van Legwen hock (1622-1423) | rp Nos probally the fiksi parton | fs otcterne, Live oxgar Kerns nog magrifgng. tenth: Bagong. En 1648, heoumenReck “Whol a tein of Sabla te the Reyol Soolety of London detestbing te “onimabrales” ke jane HH Bes himple wipe Aontes mit . Very Lesrerbock mode delalted bas of arrtinalules! MO kan Waly, Thee dasags Have ire Jeter aarti in lira ef Arativa ancl profezea pur didn't aes hve Cor Ao EGO” > Bes da 45 Tuo Spontaneous Geacrntzonl s , fo virtuale 4 Apter, Aan lecumrentock diners RT i . " 1eK0 wAgornrs 7 w fwvttote” — wiotlat a tected fn dhe ; 0, fogiarre 43 r Cubbhic he Diving thingy Mowe kal ; i fart of Life hom nonliving mattir ; Montiveces gereralion riot fl he aa Fhamcasco Radi Clens-me oe untevoted,a Letond wes (aad de thle wer toneted abn nt oe Ln? would eneluce flier. Flies Laval yale en | Uncousredl Umeal and pieces of meat did no However Plea were “ttlerte of fakes A hail Abed og gt on s egJOS Thess the geneialiom of ae eee toh ate predonce Fb bey. of ha per viously fut? meow genoiale see Th NesdlRamt Bn ius, =. a the a erg ee lo Kew of Kh expe on dpontintous Test ped tee fourd fra even aftin he heasial ent: floils Cobb On ard mutter loxdth) Avefore fpowrg Hae te caves cA Boks; sha tooled polublors JreLama ae Conlau'nool pidsaganienss: He groughir nie matted conteu wed a vied fle thar wuld sSYforsiiSe for Life on funednge matter. earo Spallanzan! : He tak Thal ws thookganitrrd Le ae bey fad deg Nakibor r poltons ‘ Were SeoiLed» een eT Thad mabitent plaiols heated of deatng sealed did nolX m wi on the tab thore cnengh cules am the Frakes por & riowdal He On He? Opumel'r houds Pa Cigsa-te35)) ste, hatrond ‘auto eae then, oir, (Sp cghisrhes ck eal ye fe. boul a aura Posten plone Ses ie " hes Hosts {losk), The Cortinks of tere faks roe te oo mine Berd eltoad 12° cant geet hk @ fee ton line ge Fn Grane od Sad ge Sf ete i tre Ballo of cuweok VAOV AIA EAA Peralow Age x Mic ected | Be tories Orth dhe wokk Crest —t9iey a “ © Maslak, Ibere yaa an ry ° bore cuplodten ef cliscovestes bo never ale of dhe rayon ote ake Fe Lebo: Feumentiion and Tate a an 1654 Padus was drawn Ae She peobhorn of ef wire? Qt was ‘ mating ge ot rn wos edo weak fi srentilion Gpcvim ehorg- tHe a a : fee ig Te Tcitabse. femabect Poser fo = poosla lower dh. ie wages fa leclad : on of ak. ate process os Aner tar'e ond ea peek wile pe eae Peslanr forrnla | liLion , hore as a dpecifit gang (poe WRds Ud in Bemalion %f perfil pula ip alent onekin asisl» Saati aud, aud He tewed thal buts auto ation ocemted oe pane absence of onagen oo fag: 2 fhe vig, Now plete 2 ae Hhel® Uy fife. f code I an thar one Nt cone eset in ce. | #5. ie al bese a GHA he conchidod oe Mn eld “alatat ant mot Wine wea os mn ee dn ine hac alk , hoe ay bry iieglactoh aT Sat lly awk renny wd In aa it plied bar in howe pert ye dynka. Tht Aewbirotion that peoets prurtal role in forceatalin Hos the. dirk Pe, a Sanden amd Ute and elemto! bdo ne me fos aamoll: Prep stert Gn 1860s To Yd, an Ens Surgoen , Pseph ee 08 Tart eT psa gah “a | Oe in organte natn , fa db imeve ny abhecad @ partis [sp the oath hs thar tanger lone ant binwhod palabionk Wif4 wilh Parle dA anindd— Gictapeatt , dha misoegerinns nye Comet dranene his Waa “was know “Gen Henig. of Hrew of dia: | & i Hen of dee qetalionshp helio Minorigarien od 1 Suppo fo ee thak neisrosganione Cause “Waeane Hg orm Nease = pA tr 2 een ‘an ‘eer. +t begen areuunta$ Agectve “= ass CIHFZ-18S6)$ He far plowed & mritaoasgarion could dbisenr? , when domorseleel In 1385 thao gk Wot aliseote WO4 vere forgot inferbn « para Qn iss he proved He te goat Poble Qrekond wos causedl Ag a walermeld. re te He phoned fra deeb and haul feret Louts Pasteur) Postaurw wet ated Ae invest! dha pebuire Wseom uf nueonre | thak wos dius Ate trdeate, py wo tok dikeot es eee Hh mp, 2 Seal ome oe worked or Cael pee Listen, olentlaped & of on Heep te wet dew fe paver miko ce for entering unts. te ve ile pear Hew tpl ah at el nour dat pa Lo Or Aer "planed Hyls Stale) 30 he Up”sattng fergial worrele wh a plrnel holed 5 Ws Cie aden dbo. jousaie's , sfetinrs tod oO deaths. Libr tockrique. wos ore of t. oar liost pebicod atin t comirol infethors caused i rmiaaergortent Bn 1967, Later prbhichel em fc {i "ga on antsephre Auas ey Reber Koch [Father of Madiiad Miaoblle aa) Re fue proof. die Trartevia autually Cause dueeose Cano foo Reber Koch tn 1676: heer Koch Ca gemen pgs at tued de Alfie bette 9 Ais formar wad ‘eel Henle’, aitabeon gra feloLlom [lp lretiume ee and anttras ancl prdobutchscl kt f tb. ee mn! na ¢ 5 Kok beets! healt mie with maleual dicated animals and He pert: Ul- He anthyay inowlotion a kei 3 7d he eet. ao fue of Alsen erin In Aadiirn. . do ae oe Avert ae ma “it ov oe Morss, wes | feted sn over saree ders ie oi hfe lure sb Os “road palate oF eet a ra Reopen ton must fer in Oa! ‘the eT eel fom ee am Ur whan de troloteol anion pes ete aig Ip reve Ast jrolated *n Tho bart ot peal ph ‘, ae alge Sie yf be tre Be wt" ops geeAf hepoted thet febertaloils Wo ® —theped foartouia, 1M My oloarkeny aurcad Ch wey tulperonbests , date the Nobat Bare In Phgateh ure In 1905 fe ki worl qilehegg o iat of “Technues fee sshualeing Minobinl Pathepars Sua chs padles On Weartirtot olitenres 4) Ap tolels suapesteal bospiiad pelea tn ie ea celtiee condwieg the Te Ea sa wioQ calorntrs Ir ba cane rol wells of bre plvore oft. Fannie # Estate beg Se faves dt, ek af Waltha Hesse, ove Rr des: ntatitont. Sho age 02 solidly hg om ae wer pine nak abtasted by metic fosteam and ol! ae att unk Aeathhy ot tempt d a contalrer fo hokdl- di pote Hed Petits. Bn 18 BF developed Riched ae el wt evelope ie belorgs ie Koch's labo also akeck'e ol ahurirg dh bh Vicok pethog vd WED ‘harebestarnd (1851-1908 dn 1984 8 consi? ute Uke _l Lory Camber saet) fae jaws MS to taal ar pete ‘an passa an de M b en daybed 4 Mi tint: wined Praront waren Br 1692; ur yee Jad fo find dak a tar of bobacee Wee F phat with ast aia" which eas passe-ct ode abt hook diy havo tlain ff be pe al hs va ofacr Seow eouet- Se be db Arathesk infetiee facto MOE Ae ak hak athe byte pet por *prerolels vias, ot tatesean ¢ = Shobies 3 ZY -Postoun ancl Rowe f Md @ olf eng Infeceals BF Tnetdies Roe” ely thither cholera b betareen taanopade catkins fey t's, whith meant i woul attanualh hog cause ded Leare fered He diteat Ho called dre atts A Vaccine (Lahr vaca, or) i waaal 7 heron of Eadwoud Tenner ber Mom eerbln tm | : Sedat O ee In 1498 Ermey fad Heer worspor Lesfons A frotick pac Cree bral poy. ple Bn 1681 Post jt Chooebatord. ckavedstad| "one altanrul LOnftiag wateine “in wo veya seh 2 ia ne uate use and frentice elves by po satiny Qniess Porter develsps paleles yoruba. He pea Hat vacoee ba deffoeni“ exppreorhe ‘The pethegn poe othrualza] 4 yor on el ger hast, ie Kabir Ne inflarect rabble deeth we ded dhath bux a epirar cords ee heme dled A Aa dinne. Lseph Muse, a nine pm 0 q whe hed bin & arab der, Keo broaghh 1 Paslom Since de boy's South wy, Cealedn In dhe absent of drew d Pesleucd By few vottinal'on. Jorepr ves } or Cagt to dogs Wik te attenuated ne B oa ae He duvet Ted - eps . ‘toutad jnackye’ 2D exo Lui Meboiler Thay injacted fact ie ee, he . adute 2? ant Lie fits , eo, ee pould rortivel gee fede J jor ego daseateMe Mobchnik sale Ho dérmered sak tore blood Seabee? could ow wht oliseose cavahs harkede He Called dom Colle Gapoe lS od ae process Phaze ust os (Quek Pagein , cotta) Prdvatital Wino bolezy: q? Paatium clnanctraticl gat all furontat #0 tre arhividies tfeotic yeosla avet JearFis A pubhitted Aaveral " popew "bebben 19524160 test -iety s+ Wino: lege Rucs la tho beteoleg ith mado fgets Mag Mickel mle ets “idles tn obiadogs . sent peL bautivia. “toll hides “Roo, Sle, , ' fo Ke obtain enorg andl thet ond sce conta Incapooat “CO. inte nie + alate bie nibrogon- ftrwing atl a feted penn posifen Gillen. ne Qos foxwinck 91884 okotad dhe acroble Mas} nvs (rere en Q MBGF ree Thon Ppp Bartle nibe pe TL Lehn, ripen C hale iain clio Unpabls ee chet eae, i pared Rklolelen) 9 Mirobinl ielory se Botnrinde + Wino ee & vse ecw! wl hee Sucka of nedsh . So ™M rt eplpa ean enee Se NIMS " Bl on te. H fublished a popovn meses ca wy Mentade: dijo af Fobare te darwon { > nsnatled wor mow (ees ae EE ty nb et & Soe pte of ie at afermentation — 1851 Pastou isproves | generator, 1867 Usterpubiahes on anisepte surgery 1275-679%en ptaihe Jostoevsky's and Punishment 1871 Franco-———_ War 1876 Bel invents telephone \ 2 1079 Edison's fet ight but 1889 Oklahoma land rush radio waves - TeesGeieenc 127-109 jsolatdS root node bacteria, 1890 Eifel Tower completed 1891 Yellowstone becomes first national park 41890 Von Behring's antitoxin for diptheria and tetanus 1894 Kitasato and Yersin discover Yersinia pests. ‘complement. 1895 Réntgen 11.2{a) Some Important Events in the Development of Jin red; other historical events are in black. , steur describes, 1847—1850 Semmelweis 1884 Mark Twain's Aventures of 1888 Hee scorers Winogradshy studies Saulfrand ntiyng Sd 1895 Bordet discovers discovers X-rays icrobiology (1546-1899). 1765-1775 Spatanron 2h ot 1706 rosy ; milan fst constementr \ 1770 Arwcean acon \, Reveuon ‘ais pared tale tng eet Wate, Comoe ccna ne Napoleon detested °° —~, Sratpo [898 Man's Commi A ea 1832-1899 Schwann 3rd Sateen prosooe ihe Contec Bae estemeen YY ‘Sharon ease ea fing ecard oy Introduces anisertcs Prevent cisease 1800 Laveran discovers Plasmodium the cause otmaara, 7 1801 Koch eutres , basteracon gelatin; | ~ Pasteur develops tayeobaciotum tubercles 1804 Koch's postulates published Metenaikatt 1885-1836 Fist motor vehicle by Dainter \escibes phagocytosis; vehi autoclave develope Gram stain developed TESS Pasteur ‘evelons rabies vaccine; Escherich scovers Escherichia cal | 1887 Richard Julus Petr develops peti ch (plate), 1 1896 van Ermer gem [1839 Bellerinck proves discovers Clostcium) virus causes tobacco botulinum. mosale disease. 1898 Spanish- ‘American war 1896 Ethiopia gains Independence Milestones in microbiology are; = ancowen nood 3800 Panct. avsions atantim tay {244 ons ar egoa 1917 Ressin even 1915-1917 Orato and Twor dacover ‘eetonal wren, OL E2BG%tIN covers 1820 Stock market crash {i Doster wanstomaio, f=: & won/stona some ae he 1999 Hier becomes 1997 Chaton vides chancellor of Germany ‘organisms nto procaryores, and eucaryoten 1897 Kiobs discovers citi aed oye 1945 Atoms bom ropes on ecans — ‘04 Wekanan dicowe sop 1857 Suck me ince Sonne, 950 Koen Wer begin 1949 Enders, Weller, ‘and Robbins grow pollovius in human sei Jessuasob ane 1052 Wateon ana : / Wola eeowr Great 7” csgons Pitas Sicko fF carton, ee nen Dropoei opus - 1279 insuin sess 1382 Frat quinone 1077 se ses {Sa sln gt ’ Sinners pecanois to Geocoin ees oa Becteria and Archaea, te eclared eradicated \ 7970 Aber and Smith come” | 1980 Development of scanning tunneling microscopes, 1869 Nei armetrang endonucleases. sralis on tre moon 1973 Vietnam 1979 Three Mile 1980 First home ‘War ends 'sland disaster computers Figure 1.2(b) Some important Events in th ' Development of Microbiology (1900-1980), ‘marked in red; other historical events are in black Milestones in microbiology are2005 Gort S Communist pay geet Sau ty gona Y 1901 soviet + Unen colepoes 1800 Water founa 1922 Feat nan als 1998 Chicken por vaceng approved tor US vans ttmophiis liars ginome 1996 Mathanacoecus = Jannasch ana yest ‘enomes eeguanees, 2200 io Pee escovey rat sosp coer a st 00m ‘woctromscmes. DSc: Trent 2001 Anthrax big ax bioterrorism atlack in Now vor Gos Now York: Washington 0 £008 infectious potovina Syrihosieas ork one chomicaes "oe ‘in China Bagge ote 2008 “Super resetant™ HIV ain clated in New York Cty, £2008 Second war with rag >} _ Some Important Events in the Develo, PMent of Microbiology (1981-2005). ‘ted; other historical events are in black, Milestones in microbiology are THE ConFLict Over SPontANcous GENERATION produce maggols spontaneously. However, flies were attracted to the gauze-covered container and laid their eggs on the gauze; these. 888 produced maggots Ths the generation of maggots by de. Haass. People had believed in spontaneous genera- _caying meat ested fom the pesene of hy one eek we 1 ring organisms could develop from nonliving mater. not spontaneously generate maggots as Previously believe. Soile (3847322 8.c.) thought some ofthe sicplerinver- Similar expergeas by others helped disereit the theory for ‘ould arise by spontaneous generation. This view finally larger organisms a llenged by the Italian physician Francesco Redi Leeuwenhoek’s discovery of microorganisms renewed the 197), who carried out a series ofexperimentsen decaying controversy. Some proposed that miroor sms aro 1 its ability to produce maggots spontaneously. Redi taneous generation eventhough larger organisms didnot, they eat in three containers. One was uncovered, second was pointed ou tha boiled extracs of hay or meat would give fise to «with paper, and the third was covered with a fine gauze __microorganismsafer sitting fora while. In 1748. the English priest 1 exclude flies. Flies laid thei eggs on the uncovered John Needham (1713-1781) reported the resul-afhis expe maggots developed, The other two pieces of meat did not ments on spontaneous generation, Needham boiled mutton Ipoth anisms arose by spon-