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SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CHIMNEY

WITH HEIGHT TO BASE DIAMETER VARIATION
Kirti S. Padmawar*1
*1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Ballarpur Institute
of Technology Bamni, Ballarpur, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
Rapid growth of industrialization and increasing need for air pollution control has made long RC Chimney a
common structure in the modern construction. Chimneys are generally provided in the industries to discharge.
Pollutants into the atmosphere at certain heights and velocities that the pollutants do not harm the
environment. As the height increases, they are more vulnerable to earthquake. Chimneys have been analyzed
by Response Spectrum Method and various parameters like Joint displacement, Base reaction, Base moment,
Joint reaction, Joint moment, Shell forces, Joint drift, Design reaction, Design moment.
Keywords: RC Chimney, height to base dia, Response spectra method, E-tabs, Seismic analysis
I. INTRODUCTION
Chimneys are relatively tall structures subjected to three types of stresses. (I)Stresses due to self weight, (ii)
Stresses due to Horizontal moment and (iii) Stresses due to temperature variation between the inside and
outside of the chimney. Brick chimneys are suitable only for short height as they become bulky with the
increase in height and require heavy foundations also due to large temperature gradient. Chimneys or stacks
are very important industrial structures for emission of poisonous gases to a higher elevation such that the
gases do not contaminate surrounding atmosphere.
These structures are tall, slender and generally with circular cross-sections. Different construction materials,
such as concrete, steel or masonry, are used to build chimneys. Steel chimneys are ideally suited for process
work where a short heat-up period and low thermal capacity are required. Also, steel chimneys are economical
for height up to 45m. Chimneys are majorly used to discharge waste flue gases into the atmosphere at high
altitudes. Hence, inside chimney temperature is high as compared to its ambient atmospheric temperature.
To estimate exact future ground motion and its corresponding response of the structure, it depends on soil-
structure interaction, structural stuffiness, damping etc. For analysis purpose, chimney is behaved like a
cantilever beam with flexural deformations.
II. METHODOLOGY
Step 1: Fix the Dimensions
To create a model for the analysis in software dimensions is necessary for the given requirements, Dimension
of chimney being drawn based on the requirements.
Step 2: Load Calculations and Load Combinations
Load calculations are carried out based on various Indian Standards such as IS: 875(Part – 1)-1987 for Dead
loads (Unit weight of Building materials), IS: 875(Part –2)-1987 for Imposed loads and IS: 1893(Part 1)-2002
for Seismic loads. The earthquake stress on a steel chimney is usually less than the wind loading stress. Normal
steel chimneys can generally resist earthquake with an intensity of up to MERCALLI scale 10 without serious
damage. However, in cases where a heavy mass is fitted at the top of the chimney, a special investigation is
necessary. The main effect of high temperature in self-supporting chimneys is the modification of the
mechanical properties of the steel.
Step 3: Analysis Using ETABS Software
The created model in the ETABS has to be analyzed after the assignment of properties of members. Load cases
details and definition of loads should be defined carefully based on the calculation of loads and IS codes. Load
cases details be in the order of Dead load, Live load, Thermal load and -z, Seismic + x & +z and other load
combinations for the analysis.

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Volume:02/Issue:10/October -2020 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
Step 4: Design as Per Indian Standards
Understanding the design procedure of a concrete chimney as per third revision of Indian standard code IS
4998 (part 1):1992. Design of RC chimney is based on the values will be obtaining from analysis where IS: 456 -
2000 and SP are be using for the design procedure and for various checks
Step 5: Analyze all the selected chimney models in structural software E-tabs.
Step 6: compare the behavior of different chimney models in terms of bending stress, lateral displacement and
lateral forces for the chimney by analyzing the models for static forces and evaluate the analysis results.
III. MODELING AND ANALYSIS
The chimneys are designed in this plan are of five special heights. They are 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, 250 m and
300 m. The standard elevation adopted for chimney in India is 275 m. But thinking of strong environmental
limitation in future this height may not be sufficient for disposing the gaseous products as it will pose a serious
threat causing air pollution. So increasing the height of the chimney would be better idea to meet out the
environmental challenges. Considering chimney as a solid shell structure, varying the height to bottom
diameter ratio for five different values such as 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 the chimneys are modeling. The cross-section
of the chimney used is circular.
Table No: -1 Model Nomenclatures
Sr. No. Height of chimney Diameter of chimney H/D Model Name
Meter Meter
1 100 25 4 M1
2 150 25 6 M2
3 200 25 8 M3
4 250 25 10 M4
5 300 25 12 M5

E-Tabs- This is civil engineering structural software, mostly used for Multi Stored/ High Rise structure. In this
study we adopted response spectra method, it a non-liner analysis.
Table No: - 2 Assumed Data for RCC chimney
Sr. No. Design Member Value Unit
a. Self weight of the structure 25 KN/M3
b. Height of chimney 100 to 300 Meter
c. Diameter at Bottom 25 Meter
d. Diameter at Top 18.75 Meter
e. Thickness of shell at Bottom 0.5 Meter
f. Thickness of shell at Top 0.5 Meter
g. Grade of concrete M40 N/mm2
h. Grade of steel FE-550 N/mm2
i. Size of Columns 600 X 600 Mm2
j. Size of Beam 600 X 600 Mm2
k. Maximum flue gas temperature 150 Degree centigrade
l. Foundation Type RCC circular mat ---------
m. Poisons ratio 0.2 ----------
n. Modulus of Elasticity 31622.78 MPA
o. Seismic Zone IV -----------------
p. Zone factor, Z 0.24 ---------------------

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q. Response modification factor 2.5 ---------------
r. Importance factor IP 1.5 ------------------
s. Damping 5 %
t. Natural Time period 2.4 Sec
u. Soil Type Hard ------------

The horizontal earthquake force shall be assumed to act alone in one lateral direction at a time. The effects due
to vertical component of earthquakes are generally small and can be ignored.
The design of a chimney has the following stages:
a. Physical dimension
b. Load calculation
c. Analysis for earthquake
d. Shell design
The following loads are considered for the analysis and design of the chimney:
a. Dead loads
b. Live loads
c. Seismic loads
d. Temperature effects

Fig No: - 1 Seismic effect on RCC chimney

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the present study a RCC chimney of 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, 250 m and 300 m height subjected to the
earthquake loads imposed in the seismic zone IV is considered for the analysis. Single flue of structural steel is
provided to discharge the flue gases. The shell rests on R.C.C. mat foundation with 25 meter Columns. The
following are the details of the chimney considered. Seismic analysis is carried out by Response Spectrum

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analysis as per IS 1893(part 4):2005, for different heights varying from 100 m to 300 m and for constant
longitudinal sections such as circular by using the software ETABS.

60 H/D Joint Displacement MM

50 37.16
31.5
40

18.98 25.43
30

20 16.54

10 10 12
6 8
4
0
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5

Fig No: - 2 Graphical representation of Joint Displacements X- Direction

Base Reaction KN H/D

2500000

2000000 763622.91
656825.24

1500000
421431.76 542806.52
12
1000000 10
8
292700.96
6
500000
4

0
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
Fig No: - 3 Graphical representation of Base Reaction

H/D Base Moment KN-M

450000
400000 266559.86
350000 202384.7
300000
250000
96697 145301.07
200000
150000
12
100000 58047.27 10
8
50000 6
4
0
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
Fig No: - 4 Graphical representation of Base Moment

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:02/Issue:10/October -2020 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

H/D Joints Reaction KN

60
44.21
38
50

40 31.43
24.41
30

20 16.97

10 12
10
8
6
4
0
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
Fig No: - 5 Graphical representation of Joints Reaction

H/D Joints Moments KN-M

700
461.02 536.84
600
500
293.87 380.09
400
300
202.82
200
100 10 12
6 8
4
0
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
Fig No: - 6 Graphical representation of Joints Moments

H/D Shell Forces KN/M

6000
4388.013
5000 3725.41

4000
3017.45
2263.67
3000

2000 1462.95

1000 10 12
6 8
4
0
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
Fig No: - 7 Graphical representation of Shell Forces

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Volume:02/Issue:10/October -2020 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
H/D Joints Drift mm
350
300 184.06
250 142.08

200 117.1
90.53
150
12
100 62.4 10
8
50 6
4
0
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
Fig No: - 8 Graphical representation of Joints Displacement in Z- Direction

H/D Design Reactions KN

60
44.21
50 38.03

40 31.43
24.41
30

20 16.97

10 12
8 10
4 6
0
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
Fig No: - 9 Graphical representation of Design Reactions of RCC Chimney

H/D Design Moment KN-M

700
536.84
600 461.03

500
293.87 380.09
400
300
202.82
200
100 10 12
6 8
4
0
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
Fig No: - 10 Graphical representation of Design Moments of RCC Chimney
V. CONCLUSION
The result shows that as the H/D ratio increases, the deflection of chimney get increases as shown in graphs.
The percentage of increment is 55 %.
Graphs demonstrate that, as the deflection of chimney decreases, the base reaction forces also decreases. As
well for the same, time period gets decreases.

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It was also found that the lateral deflection at top of chimney increases with the increase in height of the
slender structure.
Joint Displacements in X - Direction and Y - Direction increasing with height so, we can say higher H/D ratio's
RCC chimney has higher joint displacement. However the displacement of all Models is under "IS code"
specifications.
Shell forces of 300 Meters RCC chimney is 4388.013 KN but in 100 Meter RCC chimney is 1465 KN.'
The results which are obtained from the above analysis are safe for construction as per E-Tabs structural
software. Designing using Software’s like E- Tabs reduces lot of time in design work.
The base forces and base reactions having very far difference due to rise height of RCC chimney
The base force of 100 meter RCC chimney is 292700.96 KN and base force of 300 meter RCC chimney is
763622.91 KN
The base Moment of 100 meter RCC chimney is 58047.27 KN-M and base Moment of 300 meter RCC chimney is
266559.86 KN-M
The base forces and moment are very high compare to joints forces and joint moment. The joints force of 100
meter RCC chimney is 17 KN and the joints force of 300 meter RCC chimney is 45 KN, the percentage of
increment is 62 %.
The joints Moment of 100 meter RCC chimney is 202.82 KN-M and joints Moment of 300 meter RCC chimney is
536.84 KN-M
VI. REFERENCES
[1] Non-Linear Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Chimney, Remyasree A R, Megha Vijayan , SSRG
International Journal of Civil Engineering ( SSRG – IJCE ) – Volume 3 Issue 8 – August 2016
[2] Wind and Earthquake Analysis of Tall RC Chimneys , K. R. C. Reddy , O. R. Jaiswal , P. N. Godbole,
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering , ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 04, No 06 SPL,
October 2011, pp. 508-511
[3] Seismic performance study on RC chimney, Rashmi M P1*, D S Sandeep Kumar, International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2017
www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
[4] Review on Seismic Behavior of R.C.C Chimney, Ratnadeep R. Fulari , Prof. S.M. Barelikar, IJSTE -
International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 3 | Issue 10 | April 2017 ISSN
(online): 2349-784X
[5] Aseismic Design of tall reinforced Concrete Chimneys, John L. Wilson, ACI Structural Journal/September-
October 2002, pg. 622-630
[6] Analysis of self supporting steel chimney , Mr.Praveen Kumar , Dr. Ajay swarup, Vol-2 Issue-1 2016
IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396
[7] Assessment of Seismic Response Reduction Factor of RC Chimney According to H/D. Aniruddhasinh R.
Sindha & Jignesh A. Amin, IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews [ VOLUME 6 I
ISSUE 1 I JAN.– MARCH 2019] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138
[8] Seismic analysis of cimney, Prof. Dr. D. N. Shinde, Pawar Rajendra E. www.inventivepublication.com,
Volume III, Issue V, May2015.
[9] IS 456:2000, “Indian Standard plain and reinforced concrete-Code of Practice”, Bureau of Indian
Standard
[10] IS: 875 (Part 2), “Indian Standard Code of Practice for design loads for building and structures, Live
Loads” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[11] IS: 875 (Part 1), “Indian Standard Code of Practice for design loads for building and structures, Dead
Loads” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

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