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Bmœexrx I Ave Zexrx DW™ ': Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Bmœexrx I Ave Zexrx DW™ ': Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
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bMœexRx I Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢`
07 Gymnosperms And Angiosperms
K. ‡÷ªvwejvm Kx?
L. Amg‡iYycÖm~Zv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-A Øviv cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix Dw™¢‡`i we‡kl g~j K. gÄixcÎ Kv‡K e‡j?
m„wói KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| L. Agivweb¨vm ej‡Z Kx eyS?
N. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ A I B Gi g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki| M. Cycas Gi RxebP‡µ DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ "A" Dw™¢`v½wUi
Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢` f‚wgKv †jL|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 03 N. wPÎ: B Gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix Dw™¢‡`i cy®úms‡KZ we‡kølY
Dw™¢`weÁv‡bi wkÿv_x© iweb `ywU Dw™¢` msMÖn K‡i †`Lj, Ki|
GKwUi dz‡j Mf©vkq †bB wKš‘ AciwUi dz‡j Mf©vkq we`¨gvb m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 08
Ges Agivweb¨vm Aÿxq ai‡Yi| MÖæc- 1 : Agivweb¨vm g~jxq, dj K¨vwiAcwmm
K. cy®ú cÖZxK Kx? MÖæc- 2 : Agivweb¨vm Aÿxq, dj †ewi
L. av‡bi cy®ú ms‡KZ e¨vL¨v Ki| K. Agiv Kv‡K e‡j?
M. DÏxc‡Ki dzj `ywUi †kÖwYi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †jL| L. cy®úms‡KZ †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq?
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ 2q Dw™¢`wU †h †Mv‡Îi AšÍfz³ © Zvi M. DÏxc‡Ki MÖæc-1 †h †Mv‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zvi
Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki| kbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨ †jL|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 04 N. DÏxc‡Ki MÖæc-1 I 2 Gi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 09
K. dzj Kx?
L. cy®úms‡KZ ej‡Z Kx eyS? K. cy®úcÎweb¨vm Kx?
M. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ - B †h †MvÎfz³ Zvi kbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨ L. Cycas ‡K cvgd©vb ejv nq †Kb?
‡jL| M. DÏxc‡Ki A I B ‡h †MvÎØq‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡`i cÖavb
N. wPÎ - A Gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix †Mv‡Îi cy®úms‡KZ we‡kølY Dw™¢`mg~n m¤ú‡K© †jL|
Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki wb‡`©wkZ †MvÎ؇qi GKwU Lv`¨ †hvMvbKvix
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ t 05 wn‡m‡e wek¦ A_©bxwZ‡Z f‚wgKv ivL‡QÓ- we‡kølY Ki|
Dw™¢`weÁv‡bi wkÿK ivMxe K¬v‡m cÖ_‡g GK cÖKvi Dw™¢`
m¤ú‡K© ej‡jb hv‡`i wØwb‡lK mvaviYZ nq bv Ges cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ w`Kwb‡`©kbv
AvwK©‡Mvwbqv m„wó nq| c‡i wZwb Av‡iK ai‡Yi Dw™¢` m¤ú‡K© 1 (M) ‡Kvivj‡qW g~‡ji MVb wPÎmn eY©bv `vI|
e‡jb hv‡`i wØwb‡lK N‡U I AvwK©‡Mvwbqv m„wó nq bv| GgbwK 1 (N) Cycas Gi A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
G‡`i g‡a¨ Ggb GKwU Dw™¢`I i‡q‡Q hvi dzj i³ Avgvk‡qi
fv‡jv Jla| 2 (M) Cycas- G †Kvivj‡qW g~j m„wói KviY eY©bv Ki|
K. cy®úcyU Kx? 2 (N) Cycas- Gi †gMv‡¯úv‡ivwdj I gvB‡µv‡¯úv‡ivwd‡ji g‡a¨
L. ¯úvBK‡jU RvZxq cy®úweb¨vm ej‡Z Kx †evS? Zzjbv Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki dzjwUi cy®úcÖZxK A¼bmn e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K †h `ywU Dw™¢`‡Mvôx m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i 3 (M) Cycadophyta I Magnoliopsida ‡kÖwYi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
Zzjbvg~jK m¤úK© Av‡jvPbv Ki| †jL|
3 (N) Malvaceae ‡Mv‡Îi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki|
bMœexRx I Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢` Practice Content 5
4 (M) Malvaceae ‡Mv‡Îi kbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨ †jL|
4 (N) Poaceae ‡Mv‡Îi cy®úms‡KZ we‡kølY Ki|
49 A 50 B 51 A 52 C 53 A 54 D 55 B 56 B 57 D
58 B 59 B 60 B 61 C 62 D 63 A 64 C 65 B 66 D
bMœexRx I Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢` Practice Content 9
67. উ ীপেকর দিশত প িব াস য গাে পাওয়া যায় তার
বিশ -
i. পরাগধানী াকার
ii. পা য় উপপ িব মান
iii. িব াস াইকেলট
িনেচর কান স ক?
Ai ও iii Bi ও ii
Cii ও iii Di, ii ও iii
67 B 68 A 69 C 70 A 71 D
bMœexRx I Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢` Practice Content 10
gv÷vi Bb‡dv kxU Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢`
¸ßexRx ev Flowering Plants ev cy®úK Dw™¢` `ywU †kÖbx‡Z
bMœexRx Dw™¢` ev wRg‡bv¯úvg© wef³| h_v:
¯úvgv©‡UvdvBUv/mexR Dw™¢`→exR Drcv`bKvix fv®‹zjvi Dw™¢` 1) Liliopsida ev GKexRx Dw™¢`
†Mvôx| 2) Magnoliopsida ev wØexRcÎx Dw™¢`.
w_I d«v÷vm Zvi “Enquiry into plants” MÖ‡š’ me©cÖ_g W. Av_©vi µbKzB÷ mKj Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢`‡K 380wU †Mv‡Îi
Gymnosperm kãwU e¨envi K‡ib| AšÍf©y³ K‡i‡Qb
eZ©gv‡b RxešÍ bMœexRx Dw™¢`mg~n PviwU wefv‡Mi AšÍf©y³| wØexRcÎx Dw™¢`= 315wU
h_v:Ginkgophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta, GKexRcÎx Dw™¢`= 65wU
Coniferophyta evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q e„n`vKvi Ave„ZexRx (500dzU)→
c„w_ex‡Z bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i cÖRvwZ msL¨v= 721wU| evsjv‡`‡k Eucalyptus marginata
bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i cÖRvwZ msL¨v= 5wU evsjv‡`‡ki ÿz`ªZg Ave„ZexRx cÖRvwZ (0.1wg.wg)→Wolffia
30 †KvwU eQi c~‡e© c¨vwjI†RvwqK gnvhy‡Mi †W‡fwbqvb hy‡M arrhiza
bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i DrcwË| evsjv‡`‡k DuPz e„‡ÿi g‡a¨ ˆejvg, MR©b, †Zjïi cÖavb|
bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i hyM ejv nq UªvqvwmK hyM‡K| Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢‡`i wØwb‡lK N‡U, wb‡l‡Ki ci mm¨ MVb Avi¤¢
we‡k^i me©en„ r Kwbdvi ebvÂj mvB‡ewiqv A‡j; †hwU we‡k^i nq| ZvB ex‡Ri mm¨ wUªcø‡qW|
me©en„ r ev‡qvg| Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢‡`i M¨vwg‡UvdvBU Lye mswÿß I ciwbf©ikxj|
Ginkgophyta I Cycadophyta MÖæ‡ci Dw™¢‡`i ïµvby ¯^fve ev ¯^iæc
d¬¨v‡Rjvhy³| civkÖqx: ‡h Dw™¢` Ab¨ Dw™¢`‡K AvkÖq K‡i R‡b¥ wKš‘ Lv`¨
Gnetophyta wefv‡Mi Dw™¢‡`i ïµvby d¨v‡Rjvwenxb| †kvlb K‡i bv|
Gnetophyta wefv‡Mi Dw™¢‡`i Kv‡Ûi wUmy¨‡Z †f‡mj Av‡Q| g„ZRxex: †h Dw™¢` g„Z I cPv ˆRe c`v_© n‡Z Lv`¨ MÖnb K‡i|
Gnetum Gi cvZv Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢‡`i g‡Zv| ciRxex: †h Dw™¢` Ab¨ meyR Dw™¢` n‡Z Lv`¨ †kvlY K‡i †eu‡P
we‡k^i me‡P‡q cÖvPxb e„ÿ bMœexRx Kwbdvi Dw™¢`→weªmj‡Kvb _v‡K|
cvBb exiær Gi D`vniY→ `~e©vNvm, avb,Mg BZ¨vw`|
bvwgweqv G‡ÛwgK Welwitschea Gi cys‡Kvb †`L‡Z dz‡ji ¸j¥ Gi D`vniY→ i½b,‡Mvjvc,Rev BZ¨vw`|
g‡Zv| Gi `ywU cvZv _v‡K| e„ÿ Gi D`vniY→ Avg,Rvg,KuvVvj BZ¨vw` Giv eûel©Rxex|
Ephedra Dw™¢‡` wØwb‡lK †`Lv hvq| GwU †_‡K k^vmK‡ói Dc¸j¥ Gi D`vniY → `v`g`©b, KvjKvmy›`v, †e¸b|
Ilya B‡dwWªb cvIqv hvq| g~j
Ginkgo biloba GKwU RxešÍ dwmj| civkÖqx g~j n‡jv AwK©‡Wi g~j|
Podocarpus neriifolius euvkcvZv bv‡g cwiwPZ| iæcvšÍwiZ cÖavb g~j→ g~jv, MvRi, exU BZ¨vw`|
Sequoia Sempervirens n‡jv c„w_exi me‡P‡q DPz e„ÿ| A¯’vwbK g~j→ ‡Kqv, eU, Ak_y|
(S. gigantea) GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`→ ¸”Q g~j|
Leaf scar bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i GKwU wfbœag©x ˆewkó¨| wØexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`→ cÖavb g~j|
bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i AvwK©‡Mvwbqvg m„wó nq| Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢‡` KvÛ
AvwK©‡Mvwbqvg m„wó nq bv hv DbœZ ‰ewkó¨ wb‡`©k K‡i|
wUDevi Kv‡Ûi D`vniY Avjy|
bMœexRx Dw™¢‡` wØwb‡lK nq bv| e¨wZµg Ephedra ZvB kuvm
ivbvi Kv‡Ûi D`vniY _vbKzwb|
n¨vcø‡qW|
wgwó Avjy g~‡ji ùxZ Ask, Kv‡Ûi bq|
Cycas ivB‡Rvg→ Av`v, njy` BZ¨vw`|
mvBKvm‡K cvgdvb©/RxešÍ Rxevk¥ ejv nq|
evj¦→ †cqvR, imyb BZ¨vw`|
evsjv‡`‡k mvBKv‡mi wZbwU cÖRvwZ Av‡Q Cycas
cvZv I wkivweb¨vm
pectinata,Cycas Circinalis,Cycas revoluta.
‡hŠwMK cÎ→ †Mvjvc, wbg, j¾veZx, mwRbv, Kvwgbx|
Cycas G †Kvivj‡qW g~‡ji AšÍ©MV‡b ga¨ K‡U©‡·
wØcÿj †hŠwMK cÎ→ K…òP‚ov|
Anabaena I Nostoc Ae¯’vb K‡i G Ask‡K ˆkevj ¯Íi
e‡j| wÎcÿj †hŠwMK cÎ→ mwRbv
Cycas Gi cvZvq UªvÝwdDkb wUmy¨ we`¨gvb Ges cvZv mij cÎ→ Rev, Avg, Rvg, KuvVvj cÖf…wZ|
`yÕcÖKvi-‡hŠMcÎ I ké cÎ| AP‚ocÿj †hŠwMK cÎ→ euv`i jvwV
Cycas Gi ïµvby Dw™¢`Kz‡j me©en„ r,jvwU‡gi gZ,mPj I eû mP‚ocÿj †hŠwMK cÎ→ †Mvjvc
d¬¨v‡Rjvwewkó RvwjKv wkivweb¨vm→ wØexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨| e¨wZµg:
Cycas circinalisGi ùxZK›` I exR n‡Z GiviæU(evwj©) KPz, KzgvwiKv
cÖ¯Z‘ Kiv nq Ges Gi KwP cvZv cvK¯’wji cxov I Pg©‡iv‡Mi mgvšÍivj wkivweb¨vm→ GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨|
Ilya wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| e¨wZµg: myjZvb Puvcv wØexRcÎx|
Cycas revolutaGi exR Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| cy®úweb¨vm I cy®ú cÎweb¨vm
Cycas pectinataGi Dw™¢‡`i KwPcvZv mewR wn‡m‡e eûj ¯úvBK‡jU cy®úweb¨vm cvIqv hvq→ avb, Mg, Nvm,
e¨eüZ nq| Poaceae,Cyperaceae †MvÎ|
Cycas Gi Kv‡Ûi g¾v †_‡K g` ˆZix nq| K¨vwcPyjvg ev wkigÄix cy®úweb¨vm cvIqv hvq→
Cycas Gi ¯¿x‡ibycÎ evRv‡i mc©gwb wn‡m‡e wewµ nq| Muv`v,m~h©gLy x,Wvwjqv|
bMœexRx I Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢` Practice Content 11
‡iwmg cy®úweb¨vm cvIqv hvq→ mwilv dj
¯úvBK cy®ú web¨vm cvIqv hvq→ iRbxMÜv, Avcvs cÖK…Z dj → Avg, Rvg, wjPz|
mvB‡gvm ev wbqZ ea©bkxj cy®úweb¨vm cvIqv hvq→ Rev AcÖK…Z dj→ KuvVvj, Avbvim, Av‡cj ,PvjZv, Wzgyi|
K¨vwj· ev e„wZi cÖwZwU m`m¨‡K †mcvj ev e„Z¨sk e‡j| mij dj→ Avg, wkg, avb|
K‡ivjv ev `jgÛ‡ji cÖwZwU m`m¨‡K †cUvj ev cvcwo e‡j| †hŠwMK dj→ KuvVvj,Avbvim ,eU, ZuyZ, Wzgyi|
A¨vbwWªwmqvg ev cys¯Íe‡Ki m`m¨‡K ÷¨v‡gb ev cys‡Kki e‡j| ¸w”QZ dvj →AvZv, bqbZuviv, QvMj ewU, ¯^Y©Pvcv, ÷ª‡eix|
MvBwbwmqvg ev ¯¿x¯Íe‡Ki cÖwZwU m`m¨‡K Kv‡c©j ev ¯¿x‡Kki ev K¨vwiAcwmm dj→ avb, Mg
Mf©cÎ e‡j| ‡ewi dj n‡jv →Kjv, U‡g‡Uv, †e¸b, †cqviv
e„wZ Ges `j hLb GKB iKg †`Lvq ZLb G‡`i‡K GK‡Î m‡ivwmm dj→ KuvVvj, Avbvim|
‡cwiq¨vš’ ev cy®úcyU e‡j hvi cÖwZwU m`m¨‡K †Ucvj e‡j| wjwMDg dj→ wkg|
fvj‡fU ev cÖvšÍ¯úk©x Gw÷‡fkb †`Lv hvq → evejv, AvK›`, wmwjKzqv dj→ mwilv|
AvZv, Revi e„wZ mvB‡RvKvc©→ a‡b|
I‡cb ev gy³ Gw÷‡fkb †`Lv hvq MÜiv‡Ri e„wZ‡Z| K¨vcwmDj dj→ ayZziv, †Xuom, cvU, Kvc©vm|
UzB‡÷W ev cvKv‡bv Gw÷‡fkb †`Lv hvq → Revi `jgÛj, Wªyc dj→ Avg, Kzj, Avgov, bvwi‡Kj|
Kiex| Avg GKvav‡i cÖK…Z, mij Wªyc dj|
Bgweª‡KU cy®ú cÎweb¨vm ‡`Lv hvq → K…òP~ov, KvjKvmy›`v, KuvVvj I Avbvim GKvav‡i AcÖK…Z, †hŠwMK I m‡ivwmm dzj|
euv`ijvwV| Mf©vk‡qi †h wUmy¨ †_‡K wW¤^K m„wó nq †mB wUmy¨‡K ejv nq
KzBbKvbwmqvj cy®úcÎweb¨vm †`Lv hvq→ †cqviv, mwilv| cøv‡m›Uv|
†fKwmjvwi cy®ú cÎweb¨vm †`Lv hvq→ gUi, wkg,AcivwRZv| GKexRcÎx Dw™¢`
gvwR©bvj ev GK cÖvšÍxq Agivweb¨vm †`Lv hvq→ gUi, wkg, GKexRcÎx Dw™¢` avb, Mg, fzÆv, Avg, †cqvR, imyb BZ¨vw`|
AcivwRZv| GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡` cy‡®ú cy®úc‡Îi msL¨v 3 ev Gi ¸wbZK ev
wd« †m›Uvj ev gy³ ga¨ Agivweb¨vm †`Lv hvq→ ZuyZ, bywbqv cy®ú UªvB‡givm|
kvK, ebaywbqv| GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡` exRc‡Îi Ae¯’vb kxl© Ges åæb gyKj z
‡emvj ev g~jxq Agivweb¨vm cvIqv hvq→ m~h©gyLx, wÎaviv, cvk¦©xq|
avb, Muv`v| Poaceae †Mv‡Îi Ae¯’vb 34 Zg|
A¨v·vBj ev A¶xq Agivweb¨vm cvIqv hvq→ Rev| evsjv‡`‡k Poaceae †Mv‡Îi Mb 500 wU Ges cÖRvwZ 8000
GwcKvj ev kxl©K Agivweb¨vm cvIqv hvq→ jvjcvZv, awbqv, wU
jUKb, †µvUb| Poaceae †Mv‡Îi Mb Av‡Q 113wU Ges cÖRvwZ Av‡Q 285 wU
mycviwdwkq¨vj ev MvÎxq Agivweb¨vm cvIqv hvq→ kvjyK, Poaceae Gi civMavbx me©gyL ev versatile.
kvcjv, cÙ| av‡bi cy®ú ms‡KZ
c¨vivBUvj ev eûcÖvšÍxq Agivweb¨vm cvIqv hvq→ mwilv, kkv, + cy2 cys(3+3) M(1)
jvD, Kzgov| evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 28 cÖRvwZi euvk R‡b¥ _v‡K |
dzj `~ev© Nvm→ i³cvZ eÜ I ¶Z wbivg‡q e¨eüZ nq|
Dfwj½ dzj →Rev Av`vNvm I †jey Nvm †_‡K cÖvß myMwÜ †Zj cÖmvabx wk‡í
GKwj½ dzj→ jvD, Kzgov, Zvj| e¨eüZ nq|
m¤ú~Y© dzj→ Rev ivB MvQ †_‡K cÖvß AviMU wg·Pvi cÖmywZ‡`i Rivqy ms‡KvP‡bi
Am¤ú~Y© dzj→ Kzgov cÖwZ‡laK wn‡m‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq
AcÖwZmg dzj → KjveZx Av‡Li gjv‡mm †_‡K dv‡g©‡›Ukb cÖwµqvq A¨vj‡Kvnj wf‡bMvi
GKcÖwZmg dzj→AcivwRZv, wkg, gUi ˆZix Kiv nq
eûcÖwZmg dzj →ayZziv, Rev, mwilv c„w_exi 60% †jv‡Ki Lv`¨ fvZ ev avb †_‡K Av‡m|
mgv½ dzj→ Rev Nvm cwiev‡ii Lv`¨`vbv Drcv`bKvix Dw™¢` mg~n‡K Lv`¨km¨
Amgv½ dzj→gUi ïwU e‡j †hgb: avb, Mg, fzÆv
GKMf©cÎx dzj→wkg wØexRcÎx Dw™¢`
wØMf©cÎx dzj→ bqbZviv, mwilv wØexRcÎx Dw™¢` →Rvg, Avg, KuvVvj, wkg, †Qvjv BZ¨vw`
eû Mf©cÎx dzj →Rev wØexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i cy‡®ú cy®úc‡Îi msL¨v 4 ev 5 ev Zvi
gy³ Mf©cÎx dzj →¯^Y©Pvcv QvMj ewU MywbZK A_©vr cy®ú †UUªv‡givm ev †c›Uv‡givm|
hy³ Mf©cÎx dzj →mwilv,Rev wØexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i exRc‡Îi Ae¯’vb cvk¦©xq Ges åæbg~j kxl©|
Mf©cv` nvB‡cvMvBbvm/ AwaMf© Mf©vkq→ Rev, ayZziv,mwilv wØexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i cÖ_g †MvÎ Winteraceae Ges me©‡kl
avb dzj| †MvÎ Asteraceae| Malvaceae †Mv‡Îi Ae¯’vb 102 Zg |
Mf©KwU ev †cwiMvBbvm/ Aa©-AwaMf© Mf©vkq→†Mvjvc, wkg, Malvaceae †Mv‡Îi civMavbx GK cÖ‡Kvó wewkó Z‡e
gUi, AcivwRZv | GK‡Kvlx bq I e„°vKvi|
Mf©kxl© ev GwcMvBbvm / A‡avMf© Mf©vkq→Kzgov, ‡cqviv dzj, Rev dz‡ji cy®ú ms‡KZt
m~h©gyLx| + De„5 e„(5) `5 cys(∞) M(5)
Rev GKvav‡i Dfwj½, m¤ú~Y©, mgv½, eû cÖwZmg, eû Mf©cÎx, Rev dz‡ji im gv_vq gvL‡j gv_v VvÛv _v‡K, Pzj Kv‡jv I j¤^v
Mf©cv` dzj| nq| Revi Kwj wKQzw`b †L‡j `yej © Zv †K‡U hvq|
Rev dzj i³ Avgvkq I Ak©‡iv‡MiI GKwU fv‡jv Jla|
bMœexRx I Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢` Practice Content 12
‡Xom eûg~Î †iv‡Mi DcKvi K‡i _v‡K|
BwÛqvb wUDwjc Gi KvV w`‡q †Ljbv, †cwÝj I K…wl Kv‡Ri
DcKib ˆZix Kiv nq|G Dw™¢`wU Portia tree bv‡gI
cwiwPZ|
cÖvq 13 †KvwU eQi c~‡e© Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢‡`i DrcwË n‡qwQj
e‡j avibv Kiv nq|
Poaceae †Mv‡Îi ÿz`ªvKvq cy®úcyU‡K †jvwWwKDj e‡j|
Poaceae †Mv‡Îi ZzlZzj¨ gÄixcÎ ev cy®úc·K Møyg e‡j|
Malvaceae †Mv‡Îi Dw™¢‡`i †cv‡jb †MÖBb ev cys‡iYy eo I
KÈwKZ|