SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

You will be familiar with one dimensional and two dimensional figures.

Now it is time to think of the next step. What is a three dimensional figure?
A bicycle, box, foot ball or the whole universe is three dimensional.

A figure that has height, in addition to length and breadth is called three
dimensional figure or solid.
Now we are at the gateway of the Fort of "Three Dimensional Figures". You wil

1. Rectangle
Area ofthe Rectangle = Tb square units

Perimeter of the Rectangle = 2 (+b) units

2. Square
It is a rectangle with same length and breadth.
If'a 'unit is the side of the square,
a Area of the Square = a2 square units.
a
Perimeter of the Square = 4a units

Eqyation
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SURF ACE ARE AS AND YOLIUMES
Mathemalics
3. Trianglo Area of the with sides a,b.c & altitude
Triangle h
=
vs(s-a)(s-b}(s-¢) square units
a d#b+¢
where, semi perimeter, s =

2
or Area bh square units
b

4. Circle Let r be the radius ofthe Circle, then,

Area of the Circle = square units

Circumference of the Circle = 2nr units

5. Sector Area ofthe Sector= 6 0 T Square units.

The length of the Arc = X 2tr square units.

The perimeter of the Sector =

2r +260 21tr units.

SURFACE AREA OF THREE DIMENSIONAL FIGURES

The faces of a three dimensional solid other than the bases are called its lateral
surface or lateral face. The edge joining lateral surfaces is called lateral edge.
The lateral surface area or lateral area is the sum of the areas of the lateral faces
The area of the base is referred to as its base area. The sum of the areas ofall
its faces is defined as total surface area or surface area

Total Surface area = Lateral surface area + Base area It is measured in

Square units

Cuboid (Rectangular Prism)

A cuboid or rectangular prism consists of six rectangular faces. Its top and
bottom are same rectangles with length / and breadth b. These are bases
the rectangular prisms. All other faces constitute its lateral faces, with lengu"
(height).
quatio
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Mathematics
SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES
b
b

h h h

Total surface area Base area + Lateral surface area

Base area Sum of areas of 2 bases

S u m of areas of 2 rectangles
Base area Ib+lb =2lb
Lateral surface area Sum of areas of lateral surfaces
Ih+ bh+ Ih+ bh

2/h+2 bh
Lateral surface area = 2( +b) h perimeter of basex height
Total surface area = 2 / b + 2 ( +b) h

2lb+2 /h+2bh
2 ( l b + h + bh)

Total surface area of a cuboid 2 (l b +lh+bh)

In general,

Lateral surface area = Perimeter of base x Height

Total surface area =2x Base area + Lateral surface area

llustration
What is the surface area of the rectangular prism whose length, breadth, height
are15cm, 10cm, 20cm respectively?
Surface area of the rectangular prism 2[/xb+ Ixh+bxh]

Equatio
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SURF ACE AREAS AND VOLUMES Mathemati
2 [15x 10 15x20+10x201
2 x 650 1300 cm2

Cube

If in a cuboid, each face is a square, it is

called a cube. i.e., its length, breadth and
height are same.

If 'a' is the side of the cube, then,

Lateral surface area Perimeter of base x Height
4ax a = 4a2 square units

Total surface area 2x Base area+ Lateral surface area

=2xa + 4 a? 6a2 square units
Total Surface area of a cube 6a2
llustration
Find the surface area of a cube with side 5 cm:
Surface area = 6a2

6x (5 6x25 150 cm2

Right Circular Cylinder
Cylinder is a prism with a circular cross-section. In everyday use, the term applies
to a right cylinder, in which the curved surface is perpendicular to the base.

h
The word Cylinder means a
right circular cylinder

Let' be the base radius and 'h' be the

height of the cylinder
The lateral surface area of a cylinder is the area of its
curved surface.
The total surface area of a cylinder is the sum of the
area of the curved suria
and bases.
Lateral surface area Perimeter of base x Height.

Equation
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SURFACE AREAS AND YOLUMES
2 T r xh = 2trh square units

Total surface area Lateral surface area + 2 x Base area.

=2th+2nr =2nr (h + r) square units

For a cylinder,
Curved surface area 2tth
Total surface area 2nr (h+r)
Illustration

Aright circular cylinder has base radius 28 cm and height 30 cm. Find the surface
area of the cylinder.
Given base radius of cylinder, r 28cm
Height of the cylinder, h 30cm
Surface area 2tr (h+r)
2 x x 28 (30+ 28)
44x4x58= 10208 cm

Pyramid

Pyramid is a solid object where the

base is a polygon (a straight-sided
shape). The sides are triangles which
meet at the top (the apex or vertex).
Given figure is a square pyramid.
But there are other Pyramids
like triangular pyramids, circular
pyramids, pentagonal pyramids,
and so on.

The lateral surface area (curved surface area) of a pyramid is the sum of the
areas of its lateral faces. The total surface area of a pyramid is the sum of the
areas of its lateral faces and its base.

Curved surface area x Perimeter of base x Slant height

Total surface area Lateral surface area + Base area

Eqyetion
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Mathematics
Right Circular Cone

the point (vertex)

Cone is a pyramid with a circular base. If as
Is above the centre of the circle, it is known
directly the cone is a plane h
a right circular cone. The baseof of the cone is the
curved
Circular region. Lateral surface
of the
Surtace connecting the vertex
and circular edge
is
Ifr is the radius of the base, h
is the height andT
base.
the slant height of the cone then,

x Perimeter of the base x

Slant height
Curved surface area

= x 2nr x/ = nr

Base area
tr+trl = ar(r+/)
Surface area

For a cone,
Curved surface area nrl

Total surface area

Relation between base radius (r), slant height () and height (h)
O
For a cone, radius r is the radius of the base, slant height.
() is the length between the vertex and a point on the
base circle and the length of the line segment joining the
h
vertex and centre of the base of the cone is the height, n

B of the cone.
A

Consider the AOAB. Since height is perpendicular to the base, OAB is right
angled. So by Pythagoras theorem,
OB = OA2+AB2
h2+

P h2+R

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SURFACE AREAS AND YOLUMES
Ilustration

the surface area of a right circular cone whose slant height is 20 cm and
radius is 14 cm.
base
Given, slant height I = 20 cm

Base radius r= 14 cm
So, surface area nr (r+1)

= x 14 x(14+20) =1496 cm*

Sphere
One of the most familiar example of an object in spherical shape is a ball.
In Mathematics sphere is the collection of all points in
space equidistant from a fixed point. The fixed point IS
called the centre of the sphere. The distance between
any point on the sphere and its centre is called radius of
the sphere. The derivation of surface area of sphere is too
So we are given the surface area of a sphere of
lengthy.r as
radius 4tr
Surface area of a sphere = 4nr

lustration
The diameter of a spherical iron shot is 3cm.Find its surface area.
Given, diameter, 2r 3cm

Radius, r cm

Surface area 4t
4 28.28 cm
Great Circle and Small Circle
Ihe cross section of a solid sphere will
De a circle. If the centre of the
cross
Section is same as that of the sphere, Small Circle
then that cross section is called a great
Circle. A cross section of a sphere Great Circle
Scalled a small circle, if the centre
0f
cross section is other than that of Small Circle
sphere.
Equation 193

Hemisphere
SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES Mathematics
Hemi means half. So hemisphere is haf of a sphere.
The great circle of a sphere divides the sphere into
With
two equal parts. Each of these parts together
a hemisphere.
the region of the great circle is called
face and a plane
That is, it has two faces, one curved
face.

Ifr is the radius then,

For a Hemisphere,
Curved surface area
2Tr
2 t r + t r = 3rr2
Total surface area

DIMENSIONAL FIGURES
VOLUME OF THREE
dimensional shape takes up. Volume
Volume is a measurement ofspace thata 3 the number of cubic units
in "cubic" units. The
volume of a figure is
is measured
the figure contains.

Volume ofa Prism

= base area x height
x base area x height
Volume of a Pyramid=
Rectangular Prism (Cuboid)

then
If , b, h are the dimensions of a cuboid,
Volume of Cuboid base area x height
h
Volume length x breadth x height
Ibh

Volume of a cuboid lbh

Illustration
Find the volume of a rectangular prism whose length, breadth and height ai
15 ft, 11ft and 22 ft respectively.
Given length, 15ft Breadth, b 11 ft
height, h 22 ft
Volume l b h = 15 x 11 x 22 = 3630 cubic ft.

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SURFACE AREAS AND YOLUMES
Cube

Volume of cube Base area x Height

Area of square x Height side x side x side
Volume (side
If side of the cube is a, then

Volume of a cube =
a
lustration

Find the volume of a cube with side 5 cm:

Volume a (5 = 125 cm

Cylinder
Assuming cylinder to be a "closed container",
with atop and bottom having radiusr and height h, then
Volume of cylinder Base area x Height
Area of circle x Height
nrxh

Volume of a cylinder = nr?h

llustration
Find the volume of a cylindrical container with radius 7 cm and height 12 cm.

Height of the cylinder, h 12 cm.

Radius,r 7 cm.
2
Volume rh x 73 x 12 =
1848 cm
Cone
For a
cone having radius r, height h, then,

Volume x base area x height

x area of circle x height

X txh=nrh
Volume of a cone =
3 trh
Eqyation ubllshers
SURFACE AREAS AND YOLUMES Mathematic
llustration
height 10cm.
Find the volume of a cone with radius 7cm and
Radius, r 7cm.
10cm.
Height, h
Volume 3 rh
1 22
x x 72x 10 513.33 cm

Sphere
Ifr is the radius of a sphere, theen

Volumeof sphere =ar

llustration
What is the volume of a sphere having radius 4 cm?

Volume of sphere
r 4cm

Volume

268.19 cm
Hemisphere
Since hemisphere is half of sphere,

Volume of hemisphere x volume of sphere

Volume of a hemisphere

Equatio
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Mathematics
SURFACE AREAS ANO VOLUMES
summarize the above formulae in a table
We can

Lateral
3-Dimenslonal ParameterSur Area Total Surface
Area (TSA) Volume
Figures
(LSA)
Cube
a = side
4a 6a a

Rectangular I=length
prism
b breadth 2(/+b)h 2(/b + h +bh) /bh
or Cuboid h height
Right circular r base radius
2 Trh 2nr(r+h) nrh
cylinder h height
r= base radius|
Right circular
h height Tr(+) Trh
3
Cone
= slant height

Sphere r radius LSA TSA 4T 3 r

Hemisphere radius 2Ttr 3nr