PRESIDENCY SCHOOL

MANGALORE

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON
‘Laser Security System’

SUBMITTED BY: RIHAN RAZAK

SUBMITTED TO: Ms. RASHMITHA.S.BHANDARY

REGISTRATION NUMBER:

............................................................................
 PRESIDENCY SCHOOL, MANGALORE
CERTIFICATE

SUBJECT: PHYSICS
DATE:
ROLL NO. :

This is to certify that RIHAN RAZAK. of class

XII has satisfactorily completed the project titled
____________________________________________
Prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education
for 12th in the laboratory of this institution for the
academic year 2024-25

_______________ __________________
Teacher In-charge External examiner

_________________ __________________
Principal’s signature Seal of the institution
 INDEX

SL. PAGE
CONTENT
NO. NO.

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

2. INTRODUCTION

3. OBJECTIVE

4. MATERIALS REQUIRED

5. INVENTOR HISTORY

6. PRINCIPLE

7. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

8. PROCEDURE
9. APPLICATIONS

10. PRECAUTION

11. PHOTO GALLERY

12. CONCLUSION

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Mere words wont be able to express my gratitude and

thankfulness for the support of various people without
whose involvement this project wouldn’t have been
completed successfully.

I am highly acknowledged to my mother who helped me

in making my model and motivating me in doing my
project. I warmly acknowledge the continuous
encouragement and timely guidance of our Principal. I am
highly indebted to Ms. Rashmitha.S.Bhandary for her
constant supervision and suggestions. I would like to
express my gratitude for her co-operation.
 INTRODUCTION

In our modern world, there is development in everything like in the field

of education, technologies and other factors. Even criminals around the
world have found many ways to break into a house and rob but luckily a
new way of security system was invented where the use of laser was
implemented. Laser ray goes through long distance without scattering
effect and the ray is almost invisible but only radiation and incident
point is visible. The use of laser in this kind of security system is that if
someone blocks the laser from the incident point then ringing sound will
be produced to know a stranger has entered the place. We can make a
security boundary of single laser light by using mirror at every corner
for reflection. In this project we will be discussing about the properties
of how a laser security system works and what are the materials used for
it.
 OBJECTIVE
In general security systems are used for protection. Here we are with a
security system with a laser light. The main aim of the project is to
construct a simple and cheap laser security system using mirrors and
also explore its uses in all aspects.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
 Battery
 Battery clip
 Laser
 Buzzer
 Transistor
 Resistor
 LDR
 Cardboard
 Breadboard
INVENTOR HISTORY
 Edwin Thomas Holmes

Edwin Holmes (April 25, 1820 – 1901) was an American businessman

who is credited with inventing, commercializing the
electromagnetic burglar alarm and with establishing the first burglar
alarm networks. The alarm was patented in 1853 by the Reverend
Augustus Russell Pope (1819–1858) of Somerville,
Massachusetts. Edwin Holmes acquired Pope's patent rights in 1857 for
US$1500 and manufactured the device in his factory in Boston,
Massachusetts. He began to sell them in 1858. His son Edwin Thomas
Holmes took over his father's company after his death and documented
the events in his biography, A Wonderful Fifty Years. Initially, people
were fearful of and skeptical about using electricity for alarms, and the
business did not go well. Therefore, in 1859, in search of a new and
bigger market Holmes moved his business to New York, which was then
perceived as a place where "all the country's burglars made their home".
There, by 1866 he installed 1,200 home alarms and began successful
marketing among business enterprises. By 1877, he established the first
network of alarms monitored by a central station in New York and sent
his son to copy this system in Boston. Edwin Thomas, however,
discovered that the network could use the pre-existing phone cables
instead of laying its own. In this way, he quickly assembled a 700-alarm
network, which his father then copied in New York.
In 1878, Holmes became the president of the newly established Bell
Phone Company. While he sold his interests two years later for
US$100,000, he kept his rights to use the company phone lines for his
alarm system. The use of electricity for street lights in 1880 changed the
market, as people started accepting electrical models. The American
Telephone and Telegraph Company bought the Holmes Burglar business
in 1905, linking it to emergency call systems for contacting police and
fire fighting personnel. After World War II, many inventions were
introduced into the business of home alarm systems. It became less
expensive and more versatile for use in the 1980s and by the middle of
the 1990s the system had become a standard feature. In the most
advanced examples of anti-burglary systems, motion detectors,
surveillance equipment and electronic tracking devices are being used.
PRINCIPLE
There are 3 essential components to a laser security system: a laser, a
detector and sensing circuit. The laser is a concentrated light source that
puts out a straight line, ‘pencil beam, of light of a single colour. The
detector is sensitive to light and puts out a voltage when the laser light
hits it. The detector is connected to the sensing circuit. When the laser
beam is interrupted and cannot reach the detector, its voltage output
changes, and the circuit sense the change and put out a warning signal.
How are lasers used in home security?
1. Laser tripwire: You may already be familiar with this concept, but a
tripwire is a wire that is stretched taut across a path and triggers an alarm
when it is disturbed. Laser tripwires follow a similar concept. The beam
of laser light is shined across the path into some kind of receiver on the
other side of the path. When the laser beam is broken, the alarm is
triggered. This alarm can be located inside the house, or it can even be a
text message sent to your cell phone.

2. Laser fence: Laser fences are essentially big nets of laser tripwires.
They are set up all the way around the perimeter of a home. Having a
laser fence ensures that you are notified whenever someone breaks
through the perimeter of your home. Depending on the strength and
concentration of the lasers, a laser fence can actually cause physical
damage to someone who tries to cross it.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 PROCEDURE
 First, we take the breadboard and place it in the cardboard.
 The transistor should be placed in a way where all three the wires are
inserted in the separate points.
 Place the LDR opposite to the transistor where its connected to the base
and the emitter of the transistor.
 Place the resistor while connecting to the base and five points away.
 Connecting the buzzer where positive line is connected to the point near
to the other point of the resistor and the negative line is connected in the
same line point as the collector of the transistor.
 Taking a wire and connecting it near to the resistor and the other end to
the positive point line.
 Taking another wire and connecting in the same point line as the emitter
is connected and the other end to the other side of the negative point line.
 Placing the laser where it points at the LDR.
 Next, we connect the battery to the assigned point line.

APPLICATIONS

 Laser security system can be used in safety lockers in our homes where
even if the lockers code is hacked, it acts as an additional layer of
security.
 Lasers are strong in beam width and can be focused on the perfect target.
By Using laser security system on can be safe in the case of harmful
effects to the body. As the beam width used in the laser security systems
are not strong beam widths.

PRECAUTIONS
Cheap laser pointers that we find in most stores are generally restricted
to 5mW or less. These are generally considered safe. However, it is still
possible to damage your eyes if you are not careful. When working with
lasers it is a good idea to wear the appropriate eye protection. Avoid
looking directly at the laser diode.

PICTURE
GALLERY. .
CONCLUSION

Laser security systems are a high-tech technology that used to be a part

of home security only available to the wealthy. It is manually switching
dependent sensors and a basic alarm unit. A person moves in front of the
sensor, that person triggers the systems alarm by cutting the laser and the
alarm signals the security monitoring company and local law
enforcement. The basic alarm unit will also sound loud alarm. Both
analysis and experiment indicate that rather stringent requirements must
be met in order to obtain efficient optical detection. At some
wavelengths it may provide the only means of overcoming noise
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 https://www.academia.edu/23417187/Chapter_1_Introduction_to_Laser
_Security_System.
 https://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-Projects/Physics/laser-
security-system.php.
 https://www.slideshare.net/ChiragPanchal100/laser-security-system-
project-report.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Holmes_%28inventor%29.