Nursing Foundation

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Introduction of Nursing-

Nursing- Nurse word is mainly originated from latin word Nutrix,

means-
To nourish the patients
To care of the patient
To treat the well & sick individual
To serve the patients

Definition of Health According to WHO-

"Health is a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual
well-being and not merely an absence of diseases or infirmity".

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According to International Nurses Association - (PGI-2018)

"Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of

individuals of all ages, families, group and communities, sick or well and
in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of
illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Advocacy,
promotion of safe environment, research participation in shaping health
policy and in patient and health systems management, and education
are also key nursing roles".

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According to Florence Nightingale-
"The acts of utilizing the environments of the patient to assist him in his
recovery".
According to Virginia Henderson-
"The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well,
in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its
recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had
the necessary strength, will or knowledge".

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Nurse-

A nurse is a person who nourishes, fosters and protects and who is prepared to
take care of sick, injured and aged people

N- Nobility, Knowledge

U- Usefulness, Understanding

R-Righteousness, Responsibility

S-Simplicity, Sympathy

E-Efficiency

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Role of Nurses-
As a care provider and as an educator
As an advocate and as a manager.
As a collaborator and as a leader.
As a researcher.

Nurses Etiquettes-
How to greet the patients.
How to respect the patients.
How to introduce your self.
How to maintain therapeutic relations with the patients.
How to eats and drinks with other professionals.

How to respect co-workers.

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Four Fundamental Responsibilities of Nurses-
Promotion of health.
Prevention of illness.
Restoration of health.
Alleviation of suffering.

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Biography of Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale :- ( 1 820 - 1 91 0 )

•Known as Founder of Nursing.

•Birth - 1 2 may 1 820

•Born at - Villa La Columbia in Florence, Italy.

Book :-

. Notes on Hospital

. Notes on Nursing ( "What it is and What it is not " )

 " Environment theory " was given by her.

 She help and Care of Injured soldiers in Crimean War (1 854 - 1 856 )

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Known as " Lady with Lamp ".

Florence Nightingale established first Nursing school at St. Thomas Hospital,

London. (Aiims Bhopal & Raipur)

Nursing Education was established by Florence Nightingale (Aiims BBR)

Death :- 1 3 August 1 91 0.

2. Linda Richards :-The First American (U.S) Nurse 1 870.

The first Psychiatric Nurse. (Aiims 201 7)

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3. Clara Barton :- First President of American Red Cross.

4. Mary Eliza Mahoney :- First Black Nurse in US Professional.

5. Cape Colony :- Cape Colony established the first Nursing registration in British
Empire.

6. Dame Agnes Hunt :-The founder of Orthopedic Nurse.

7. Virginia Handerson :- ( 1 897 - 1 996 ) "First Lady of Nursing".

8. Lilian D. Wald :-First Public health Nurse in US.

9. Sister Mary Bernard :- First Anesthetic Nurse.

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Nursing Professional Bodies :-

1 . Indian Nursing Council ( INC ) :-

 INC Act - 1 947

Established - 1 949
Head Quarter - New Delhi

2. TNAI ( Trained Nurses Association of India ) - 1 908

3. SNA ( Student Nurses Association ) - 1 929

4. ICN ( International Council for Nurses ) - 1 899

Headquarter - Genewa Switzerland

5. ANA ( American Nurse Association ) - 1 91 1

6. RNC ( Rajasthan Nursing Council ) - 1 964

7. Commonwealth Nurses Association :- 1 973

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Nursing process- Lydia Hall in1955

It is an olderly systematic way of identifying the patients problem making

plan to solve them initiating plan or assigning to implement and evaluating
the extent to resolve the problem.

Phases -

1. Assessment

2. Diagnosis

3. Planning

4. Implementation

5. Evaluation

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1. Assessment - the first step of the nursing process. (RRB, ESIC,
This phase requires the nurses to obtain objective & subjective
datas from primary and secondary sources.

Activity of Assessment -
A. Data collection
B. Organizing
C. Validating data
D. Documenting data

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2. Diagnosis-
Clinical judgement to actual and potential health problem.

A. Analysis of data

B. Identifying health problem

C. Formulation of nursing diagnosis

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3. Planning -

Formulation of goals and interventions

A. Setting priority

B. Establish goal/outcome

C. Select nursing intervention

D. Writing NSG care plan

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4. Implementation -

Action for intervention/goals

A. Reassess clients

B. Set priority

C. Implementation

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Evaluation -
Check for achieved goals/ effectiveness of nursing care plans

A. Collection of data

B. Comparison with outcome

C. Continue/ termination/ modification of plan

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Basic of Hospital

Client's Unit Environments-

Temperature-20°-22°C

Humidity-40-60%

Air movement- 15-45 feets/min

Noise Level-According to WHO

Day time-35-40 db
Night Time 20-40 db

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Bed Size-

Length- 78 inches Width-38 inches

Height from floor- 28 inches. Mattress-(IIT Kanpur-2017)

Length- 190 cm or 75 inches

Width- 90 cm or 36 inches

Thickness- 10 cm or 4 inches

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Bed Sheets-(ESIC, CHO)

Length-108 inches or 275 cm

Width-76 inches or 193 cm

Fold the bed-sheets into 6 folds. (RAC M.Sc. Entrance-2015)

Draw Sheets- Length-60 inches or 150 cm

Width-44 inches or 110 cm. Fold the draw sheet into 3 folds.

Draw sheet should be placed on the mattress 25 cm from the head end
side

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Pillow-

Length- 60 cm

Width- 45 cm

Thickness- 10 cm

Pillow Cover-

Length- 65 cm

Width- 50 cm

Keep the pillow opened opposite to the entrance to prevent infection.

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Mackintosh-

Mackintosh (a waterproof coat) should be placed on the bed 37 cm away

from the head end of the client. Never fold the Mackintosh, it should be
rolled over.

Colour of mackintosh is one side red or while another side green, when
applying it on the bed, then green part of it stays on top so that if any
blood loss occurs from wound side can be easily identified.

Place the Mackintosh down the draw sheet to prevent skin irritation by
perspiration because mackintosh made from rubber.

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Types of Bed-

Closed bed-It is made after discharge of the client.

Open bed-This type of bed is vacant bed for new patients.

Occupied bed-It means this bed is booked for patient or client is already
there.

Bed Cradle- It is a metal umbrella like device, placed under the top sheet
of the client to prevent top sheet touching to the client's body parts, it is
used in clients with burns, skin ulcers & major open wounds.

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Mitered Corner- It is an especial folding technique that secure the linen
under the mattress, see figure-. (Kerala- PSC-2015)

Cardiac Bed-Same as open/closed bed but this is specially designated for

cardiac & respiratory disorder clients.

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Sequence of Bed Making from Bottom to Top

Bed

Mattress

Bottom sheet

Mackintosh

Draw sheet

Top sheet

Blanket

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