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Intergrated Science Syllabus ...
Intergrated Science Syllabus ...
Intergrated Science Syllabus ...
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.........................................................................................................................................................................................vii
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................................................................viii
METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................................................................................................................viii
GENERAL OUTCOMES.........................................................................................................................................................................................viii
ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ xi
8.2.1 Nutrition................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
8.5.1Composition of............................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Matter ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
8.5.2Physical Change of State................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
8.5.3Mixtures ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
8.5.4 Mass and Weight ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
8.5.5 Density ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
8.5.6 Heat transfer................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
8.5.7 Heat and expansion of substances............................................................................................................................................................... 11
8.5.8 Reflection and refraction of Light............................................................................................................................................................... 12
8.5.9Composition of Air ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
GRADE 9 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
9.1.1Circulatory System....................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
9.1.2Respiratory System ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
9.2 HEALTH............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Apparatus ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Reagents ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Since the ability to think scientifically and understand scientific processes is becoming a condition for survival in Zambia, there is need for the national
education policy to emphasise the need for learners to develop skills that they can apply in various ways in their environment.
The Basic Education Syllabus for Grade 8 and 9 emphasises that the approach to be used in teaching of Integrated Science should be learner centered.
Therefore, the prime goal for science teaching at this level of education should develop processes of scientific thinking in learners. It is necessary, therefore,
in integrated science for learners to be enabled to apply their own ideas, use their hands, and conduct their own investigations, however simple. This
necessitates balancing the content of what learners learn with the processes by which they learn. This also implies an enhanced role for guided discovery
teaching/learning methods/techniques.
This syllabus suggests that the development of scientific thought processes in learners can be approached from a number of starting points. The criterion
should be the relevance of the material to the environment and to the possible later sphere of the employment of the learner.
Finally, it is hoped that the product of Integrated Science will be able to adapt and use scientific and technological developments and to generate new
developments.
The syllabus presented here is a result of broad-based consultation involving several stakeholders within and outside the education system.
Many individuals, institutions and organizations were consulted to gather their views on the existing syllabus and to accord them an opportunity to make
suggestions for the new syllabus. The Ministry of Education wishes to express heartfelt gratitude to all those who participated for their valuable
contributions, which resulted in the development of this syllabus.
The Curriculum Development Centre worked closely with other sister departments and institutions to create this document. We sincerely thank the
Directorate of Teacher Education and Specialized Services, the Directorate of Planning and Information, the Directorate of Human Resource and
Administration, the Directorate of Open and Distance Education ,the Examinations Council of Zambia, the University of Zambia, schools and other
institutions too numerous to mention, for their steadfast support.
We pay special tribute to co-operating partners especially JICA in collaboration with Hiroshima University and UNICEF for rendering financial and
technical support in the production of this syllabus.
C. N. M Sakala (Mrs.)
Director-Standard and Curriculum
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE, VOCATIONALTRAININGAND EARLY EDUCATION
Integrated Science includes crosscutting issues such as Environmental, Reproductive Health, HIV and AIDS, Hygiene, Nutrition, Substance Abuse, Water
and Sanitation.
METHODOLOGY
The success of Integrated Science can be achieved by maximum participation by learners. This subject, enhances creativity, analysis, problem solving and
an investigative approach. It can be taught effectively using a variety of methods (techniques) both in the classroom and outside. It is advisable that these are
integrated wherever possible. Learners are expected to conduct experiments, study tours, fieldwork and project work.
Integrated Science is a subject in which learners are required to acquire knowledge, develop skills:-
Thinking Strategies
Conceptualising
Making decisions
Problem solving
These include:
· Having an interest and curiosity towards the environment;
· Being honest and accurate in recording and validating data;
· Being diligent and persevering;
· Being responsible about the safety of oneself, others and the environment;
· Realising that Integrated Science is a means to understand nature;
· Appreciating and practising clean and healthy living;
· Appreciating the balance of nature;
· Appreciating the contribution of Integrated Science and technology to society;
· Having critical and analytical thinking;
· Being flexible and open minded;
· Being kind hearted and caring;
· Being objective;
· Being systematic;
xi
· Being cooperative;
· Being fair and just;
· Daring to try;
· Thinking rationally;
· Being confident and independent.
These will help learners to explore and understand their immediate environment and the world at large
General Aim
The main aim of the Integrated Science syllabus is to develop science competencies to assist learners contribute effectively in their own environment
and also for their lifelong learning. These competences include:
· Attitudes that enable the responsible use of scientific knowledge and skills
· Communication and group work skills for use in collaborative team work
· The selection and application of appropriate science skills, apparatus/tools and strategies to understand and interpret the
world around them
· An increased awareness of the importance of Science Technology, Society and the Environment (STSE)
· Application of science knowledge skills , values and positive attitudes to everyday life and situations
Each unit of the syllabus is introduced with its own broader general outcomes. The general outcomes are then broken down to specific outcomes which
highlight the content in terms of knowledge, skills and values that a learner is expected to exhibit as a result of the learning experience.
xii
ASSESSMENT
Considering that the syllabus for intergrated science does emphasise teaching in a practical way, the assessment at this level will now include a practical part
covering the areas of basic biological and physical sciences in addition to the two theory papers that learners sit for. It is hoped that this will form a sound
foundation for learners to be grounded in doing science with hands on experience as well as build confidence in teachers in the way they conduct practical.
Continuous assessment will be emphasised by using various methods of testing according to topics and themes at various levels. The Examinations Council
of Zambia (ECZ) will prepare detailed procedures on how continuous assessment will be conducted by the teachers. ECZ will also develop examination
syllabus to provide teachers with guidelines on the Outcomes to be tested. The scheme of assessment will consist of school based assessment and final
examination which includes the practical to be conducted by the Examinations Council of Zambia.
School based assessment will be in the form of tests. Tests will be in the form of diagnostic, aptitude, achievement, oral, practice attitude and performance,
learners.
After studying this course learners are expected to develop the following:
Therefore, it is envisaged that the product of this subject will be able to adapt and use scientific and technological developments and to generate new
development.
xiii
TIME AND PERIOD ALLOCATION
xiv
GRADE 8
8.2 HEALTH 8.2.1 Nutrition 8.2.1.1 Describe the different types The different types of food Comparing the Appreciating
of food nutrients. nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, dietary needs of the need for
fats, minerals and vitamins different people different
8.2.1.2 Describe the dietary needs for Dietary needs for different dietary
different persons. persons: e.g. Baby – more protein Classifying requirements
and minerals, Pregnant mother – deficiency Participating
more protein, calcium, iron and diseases actively in
8.2.1.3 Identify common nutritional vitamin D, etc. group work
deficiency diseases of Nutritional deficiency diseases Inferring the Being aware
symptoms and their diseases. and their symptom such as types of of different
kwashiorkor, marasmus, rickets, deficiency food nutrients
anemia, scurvy. diseases.
8.2.1.4 Describe the importance of The roles of children’s clinics for
children’s clinics nutrition; growth monitoring and
immunization, providing
supplement and providing
nutritional advice
8.4.3 Animal Cell 8.4.3.1 Describe the basic Structure of an animal cell: Cell Comparing plant Appreciating
structure of an animal membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and animal cells the structure
cell Observing parts of cells
8.4.3.2 Describe the Functions of cell parts: cell of cells Participating
functions of the parts membrane-selectively permeable actively in
of the cell to materials, nucleus- controls all Recording class
cell activities findings during activities
the observation
8.4.3.3 Identify different Differences between plant and
features in the basic animal cell: Cell wall,
structure of an animal chloroplast and vacuole
cell and plant cell
8.5.4 Mass and 8.5.4.1 State what mass is Mass as the amount of matter in a substance. Measuring Applying the
Weight 8.5.4.2 Measure the mass of Recording mass and its units(flour, rice, salt) in mass and measuring of
different objects Kg and g weight of mass and
8.5.4.3 State what weight is Weight as the pull of gravity on a given weight in
mass(Weight=mass x acceleration due to objects everyday life
gravity) Comparing Participating
Note that the acceleration due to gravity is mass and actively in
10N/kg on earth weight group
8.5.4.4 Measure the weight of a Recording weight and its units in Newton(N) Calculating activities
given object correctly the weight of Participating
8.5.4.5 Calculate the weight of a Calculating the weight of different substances different actively in
substance given the mass given the masses objects group
8.5.4.6 Distinguish between mass Difference between mass and weight in terms given the activities
and weight of; nature, measuring instruments, units, and mass.
mass is constant while weight varies from place
to place.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the basic facts about the • Demonstrate the ability to record the pulse rate, electric current
human body and voltage
Develop investigative skills • Demonstrate the ability to purify water
Recognise the importance of personal health • Show understanding and knowledge on the formation of
• Develop knowledge, values and positive attitudes for the images, rainbow
immediate environment • Demonstrate the ability to care and protect plants and animals
Demonstrate an understanding of the basic facts about plants
and animals
Acquire knowledge, values and positive attitudes about
materials and energy
9.2 HEALTH 9.2.1 Sexually 9.2.1.1 Identify the common Common STIs: e.g. HIV, syphilis, Identifying Awareness of
Transmitted sexually transmitted gonorrhea, warts common STIs the prevalence
Infections infections Transmission of Sexually of infectious
(STIs) 9.2.1.2 Explain transmission of Transmitted Infections: E.g. Inferring the diseases i.e.
Sexually Transmitted unprotected sex, blood transfusion trend of STI HIV and
Infections with contaminated blood infections AIDS in
9.2.1.3Describe the prevention Prevention of Sexually given relevant Zambia
of STIs. Transmitted Infections : E.g. data Cooperating
correct and consistence of condom in group
use, one faithful partner, avoiding activities
casual sex
9.2.1.4 Explain the impact of Impact of HIV and AIDS: E.g.
HIV and AIDS on the poverty, increase of orphans,
population. pressure of health services.
9.3 THE 9.3.1 Cycles in 9.3.1.1 Describe what Oxygen What oxygen and carbon dioxide Comparing Asking more
ENVIRONMENT the and Carbon cycle are cycle in the environment is the process of questions for
Biosphere 9.3.1.2 Identify factors affecting Factors of Oxygen and Carbon photosynthesis better
Oxygen and Carbon cycle; Plants: taking in Carbon and respiration understanding
cycle. dioxide and giving off Oxygen, Investigating Applying
Others: taking in Oxygen and the processes knowledge on
giving off Carbon Dioxide that contribute cycles to avoid
9.3.1.3Describe the nitrogen Nitrogen cycle: Lightning, nitrogen to the balance harming the
cycle fixing bacteria, planting of of nature environment
legumes, use of nitrogen rich Participating
fertilisers actively in
9.3.1.4 Explain the natural Correct proportions of oxygen, class activities
balance of gases in the nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere atmosphere
9.5.5 Pressure 9.5.5.1 State what pressure is Pressure as force per unit Observing how pressure Applying
area,(pressure= force/area) depends on the surface pressure in
2
in N/m area and force applied everyday life
9.5.5.2 Identify factors affecting Factors affecting pressure: Investigating how Cooperating
pressure in gases temperature and volume. pressure is affected by in group work
temperature and volume.
Apparatus
The following apparatus should be stocked for teaching and examination purposes. Each learner should be provided with the necessary apparatus to conduct
the experiments.
Test-tubes
Measuring cylinder calibrated 25cm3 or 50cm3.
Filter funnel.
Beaker (polystyrene, glass) volume of 250cm3.
Conical flasks with volume of 250cm3.
Thermometers calibrated -10oC to 110oC at intervals of 1oC.
Stop clocks/stop watches which record time in seconds.
Wash bottles.
Pyrex test tubes are essential for heating purposes with capacities 125mmx 16mm.
Boiling tubes i.e. of dimension 150mm x 25mm.
Reagents
The following standard reagents should be stocked among others. These are of paramount importance during practical.
Carbon dioxide Bubble the gas through limewater White precipitate formed
Hydrogen (H2) Introduce a lighted splint into the gas Puts out the lighted splint with a
‘pop’sound
Oxygen (O2) Introduce a glowing splint into the gas Glowing splint relighted
The following table shows the “Scope and Sequence” of integrated science syllabus from G1 to G9.
• Importance of food • Importance of food • Sources of vitamins • Fruits used as food • The different types of
hygiene • Food nutrients and minerals • Seeds used as food food nutrients
• Danger of exposed • Composition of • Roles of vitamins and • Importance of fruits • Dietary needs for
food balanced diet minerals and seeds for health different persons
• The importance of • Well-balanced diets • Nutritional deficiency
clean and safe water • Food labelling diseases and their
• Common dietary symptom
diseases • The roles of children’s
• Interpreting the clinics for nutrition
children’s clinic cards
1.2.1 Hygiene 4.2.1 Personal Hygiene
• Importance of clean
bodies in Prevention of • How to care for Eyes,
diseases ears, Feet and skins
• Ways of Cleaning
• Importance of hand
washing
4.2.3 Medicines
• Traditional Medicines
• Pollination
• Agents of pollination
• Fertilisation in plants
7.4.3 Fruits and seeds
• The roles of seeds
• The process of seed
growth
• Importance of
improving seed varieties
1.4.2 Animals around us 2.4.2 Types of Animals 3.4.2 Animal 5.4.2 Invertebrate 6.4.3 Vertebrate animals 8.4.3Animal Cell
Classification Animals
• Wild animals • Different types of • The different types of • Structure of an animal
• Common Activities of animals • Classification of • Different types of Vertebrate animals cell
animals • Animals and food animals in Vertebrate Invertebrate Animals; • Adaptation of • Functions of cell parts
• Places where animals and Invertebrate • Basic Structures of vertebrates • Differences between
are found • Groups of vertebrates insects and spiders • Life cycle of vertebrate plant and animal cell
• Protection of animals • Usefulness of insects animals
from enemies • The ways of conserving
• Conserving animals vertebrates
3.4.3 Homes of living 4.4.3 Domestic Animals 5.4.3 Pest and Parasites 6.4.2 Care for Domestic 9.4.1 Conservation of
things Animals animals and Plants
• The types of domestic • Common pests and
• Place of living animals parasites • Basic needs of • Importance of
• Favourable pasture and • Harm caused by pests livestock domesticating animals
conditions and parasites • Importance of and plants
• Importance of domestic • Parasite and pests cleanliness in the care of • Ways of improving
animals control livestock plant and animal
• Harm on environment • Farming Procedure of breeds
caused by Chemical domestic animals • Animals and plants
pesticides near extinction
• Importance of
protecting endangered
plants and animals
• Methods of
protection
• Minerals mined in
Zambia
• Properties of copper
• Extraction of copper
• Items made from
copper
• Impact of mining
7.5.1 Energy 9.5.6 Energy and its
conservation
• What Energy is
• Types of energy • The definition of
• Energy conversion Energy
• Forms of energy
• Conversion of energy
• Law of energy
conservation
• Effects of energy
generation
• Conserving energy
2.5.2 Sources of Sound 6.5.2 Sound
2.5.3 Light 4.5.5 Nature of Light 8.5.8 Reflection and 9.5.2 Light and its
refraction of Light nature
• Sources of light • Movement of light
• Light & Shadow • Passage of light • Reflection of light • Types of lenses
through material • The characteristics of • Location of the
reflection of mirror positions of Focal
• Refraction of light point and focal length
• Refraction in water of lens
• Application of • Real and virtual
reflection and refraction images of converging
lenses
• Uses of converging
and diverging lenses
• Production of a
spectrum of light
• Spectrum
• Formation of a
rainbow
• Why sunsets appear
red?
• The nature of colour
of objects
• The effects of colour
filters
• Expansion of
substances
• Use of expansion in
everyday life
• Effects of expansion
and contraction
7.5.2 Electric current and 9.5.4 Electric Current
Circuits and Voltage in Circuit
• Causes of lightning
• Effects of lightning
• Preventing damage
from lightning
• Importance of lightning
• Instruments for
measuring volume
• Measuring Volume of
given liquids
• Measuring Volume of
regular and irregular
solid objects.
6.5.4 Communication 9.5.7 Communication
device
• Methods of
communication • Ways of receiving
• Importance of and sending messages
communication • Advantages and
• Use of sound waves disadvantages of each
device
• Transmission of
radio and television
signals
• Amplification of
sound
• Differences between
Digital and Analogue
transmission
9.5.9 Satellite
communication
• Use of Satellite
• Transmission of a
Live broadcast of an
event
7.5.4 The solar system
• The formation of Solar
system
• Difference between sun
and the planets
• Source of light in the
solar system
• The movement of the
earth and the moon
• The cause of day &
night
• The cause of seasons
• Formation of solar and
lunar eclipse
• Uses of solar energy
1. Each pupil is required to maintain and submit at the end of the course a file or folder or A4 exercise book containing two project reports to the
teacher.
2. The projects chosen by each pupil must be from the list on livestock, crops or general topics studied.
3. Teachers should ensure that projects are marked (assessed) as soon as they are submitted and marks stored safely in an official file known by the
Head of INTERGRATED Science Section in the school and possibly the Head of the school.
4. Heads of INTERGRATED Science Sections in each school should ensure that a full list of pupils and their practical mark schedules are
accompanied as follows:
5. Heads of schools should ensure that pupils going or coming on transfer are accompanied by their INTERGRATED Science Project Work file(s).
Although it is better for pupils to do the projects individually, certain projects may be carried out in pairs or groups of 3 to 5 to gather data; except, that
the analysis of the data collected must be done individually.
Each pupil is expected to maintain records of Project Work in an exercise book or file provided for this purpose. These records should be available for
inspection and assessment mid-way and at the end of the project by Head teacher and Standards Officers examinations at District level.
The pupils are allowed:
ii) Project Work should be carried out to some extent during the pupil's own time, but regular checks on progress should be made and in case of
negligence, every effort should be made to motivate pupils. Teachers should expect a high standard of work from their pupils at all times and the
quality of pupils' work should be commented upon from time to time.
iii) The organisation and supervision of project work should be the collective responsibility of INTERGRATED Science teachers in the school.
iv) In organising the requirements of the project, the use of worksheets is recommended, but care must be taken not to take away the initiative from
pupils.
Live stock
Others
Supervisor's comments: Provide information on cases of extreme poor performance resulting from inability to do or conclude a project or failure to
hand in a project report.