Zadanie 3D

Dane:
r =k ⋅C A ⋅C B
3
−3 m
k =0.73 ⋅10
mol ⋅s
mol
C A 0=50 3
m
mol
C B 0=2⋅C A 0 3
m
3
m
V 0=0.2 =const
s

a) α CSTR =0.5
α kaskady =75 %=0.75

b) α PFR=0.5
α kaskady =75 %=0.75

c) α CSTR =0. 7 5

d) α PFR=0.75

Szukane:
a) V CSTR =?
V PFR=?
τ kaskady=?
V kaskady =?

b) V CSTR =?
V PFR=?
τ kaskady=?
V kaskady =?

c) V CSTR =?

d) V PFR=?

Reakcja:

A + 2B → C
Przypadek a)
1 2

CSRT PFR

 Bilans stężeń reagentów A oraz B oraz produktu C

Bilans składnika A:

C A 1=C A 0−C A 0 ⋅α CSTR =50

mol
m
3 ( mol mol
− 50 3 ⋅0.5 =25 3
m m )
C A 2=C A 0−C A 0 ⋅α kaskady =50
mol
m
3 (mol mol
− 50 3 ⋅0.75 =12.5 3
m m )

Bilans składnika B:

C B 1=2 ⋅C A 0−2 ⋅C A 0 ⋅α CSTR=2⋅50

mol
m
3 ( mol
− 2 ⋅50 3 ⋅0.5 =50 3
m m )
mol

C B 2=2 ⋅C A 0−2 ⋅C A 0 ⋅α kaskady=2 ⋅50

mol
m
3 ( mol
)
mol
− 2⋅ 50 3 ⋅0.75 =25 3
m m

Bilans produktu C:

mol mol
C C 1=2⋅C A 0 ⋅α CSTR =2 ⋅50 3
⋅0.5=50 3
m m

mol mol
C C 2=2⋅C A 0 ⋅α kaskady =2⋅ 50 3
⋅0.75=75 3
m m

 Z równania bilansu składnika A dla reaktora CSTR możemy obliczyć jego objętość:

d NA
F A 0−F A −r ⋅ d V CSTR =
dt

Parametry procesu (v oraz C0) nie zmieniają się w czasie, reaktor pracuje w stanie ustalonym
→ brak akumulacji
 V CSTR

F A 0−F A − ∫ r ⋅ d V CSTR =0
0

v 0 ⋅C A 0−v ⋅C A −r ⋅V CSTR =0

v 0=v

v ⋅C A 0−v ⋅C A −r ⋅V CSTR =0

V CSTR =
v ⋅C A 0−v ⋅C A v ⋅ ( C A 0 −C A )
= =
v⋅
( C A 0−C A
CA 0 )
⋅C A 0
=
v ⋅ α CSTR ⋅C A 0 v ⋅ α CSTR ⋅C A 0
=
r r r r k ⋅C A 1 ⋅C B 1

m3 mol
0.2 ⋅ 0.5⋅50 3
s m
V CSTR = 3
=5.48 m3
m mol mol
0.73 ⋅10−3 ⋅25 3 ⋅ 50 3
mol ⋅s m m

 Wyliczenie umownego czasu przebywania reagentów w reaktorze CSTR:

v ⋅ α CSTR ⋅C A 0
V CSTR r α CSTR ⋅ C A 0
τ CSTR = = =
v v r

mol
0.5⋅ 50 3
m
τ CSTR = 3
=27 , 4 s
−3 m mol mol
0.73 ⋅10 ⋅ 25 3 ⋅50 3
mol ⋅ s m m

 Z równania bilansu składnika A dla reaktora PFR możemy obliczyć jego objętość:

d (C A ⋅ d V PFR)
v 0 ⋅C A=v ⋅ ( C A +d C A ) +r ⋅d V PFR +
dt
Parametry procesu (v oraz C0) nie zmieniają się w czasie, reaktor pracuje w stanie ustalonym
→ brak akumulacji

v 0 ⋅C A=v ⋅ ( C A +d C A ) +r ⋅d V PFR +0

v 0 ⋅C A=v ⋅C A +v ⋅d C A + r ⋅ d V PFR
 v 0=v

r ⋅d V PFR=−v ⋅d C A

d V PFR −d C A dα
= =C A 0 ⋅
v r r
dα
dV PFR=C A 0 ⋅ ⋅v
r
V PFR α kaskady
dα
∫ dV PFR =C A 0 ⋅ ∫ r
⋅v
0 αCSTR

V PFR α kaskady
dα
∫ dV PFR =C A 0 ⋅ ∫ r
⋅v
0 αCSTR

α kaskady
dα
V PFR=C A 0 ⋅ ∫ r
⋅v
αCSTR

Opisanie równania na szybkość reakcji za pomocą stopnia konwersji

r =k ⋅C A ⋅C B

mol
C A=C A 0 −C A 0 ⋅ α=C A 0 ( 1−α ) =50 3
( 1−α )
m

mol
C B=2⋅C A 0 −2⋅C A 0 ⋅α =2 ⋅C A 0 (1−α )=10 0 3
( 1−α )
m
2 2
r =k ⋅C A 0 ( 1−α ) ⋅2 ⋅C A 0 (1−α )=2 ⋅k ⋅C A 0 ⋅ ( 1−α )

α kaskady α kaskady
dα 1 dα
V PFR =C A 0 ⋅ ∫ ⋅ v= ⋅ ∫ ⋅v
2
αCSTR 2 ⋅k ⋅C A 0 ⋅ ( 1−α )
2
2 ⋅k ⋅C A 0 αCSTR ( 1−α )
2

1 1
∫ ( 1−x )2 dx = 1−x +c

1 1 1
V PFR= ⋅( − )⋅v
2⋅ k ⋅C A 0 1−α kaskady 1−α CSTR

( )
3
1 1 1 m 3
V PFR= 3
⋅ − ⋅0.2 =5 , 48 m
−3 m mol 1−0.75 1−0.5 s
2⋅0.73 ⋅10 ⋅50 3
mol ⋅ s m

 Wyliczenie umownego czasu przebywania reagentów w reaktorze PFR:

 α kaskady
V dα
τ PFR= PFR =C A 0 ⋅ ∫
v α
rCSTR

1 1 1
τ PFR = ⋅( − )
2⋅ k ⋅C A 0 1−α kaskady 1−α CSTR

τ PFR =
−3
2⋅ 0.73⋅ 10
1
m
3
mol
⋅50 3
⋅ ( 1−0.75
1
−
1−0.5 )
1
=27.4 s

mol ⋅ s m
Przypadek b)

1 2

PFR CSTR

 Objętość reaktora PFR

0.5
dα
V PFR=C A 0 ⋅ ∫ ⋅v
0 r

α PFR α PFR
dα 1 dα
V PFR=C A 0 ⋅ ∫ ⋅v = ⋅∫ ⋅v
0
2
2 ⋅k ⋅C A 0 ⋅ ( 1−α )
2
2 ⋅k ⋅C A0 0 ( 1−α )
2

1 1 1
V PFR = ⋅( − )⋅ v
2⋅ k ⋅C A 0 1−α PFR 1−0

( )
3
1 1 1 m 3
V PFR= 3
⋅ − ⋅0.2 =2.74 m
−3 m mol 1−0.5 1−0 s
2⋅0.73 ⋅10 ⋅50 3
mol ⋅ s m

 Umowny czas przebywania reagentów w reaktorze PFR

α PFR
V dα
τ PFR= PFR =C A 0 ⋅ ∫
v 0
r

1 1 1
τ PFR= ⋅( − )
2⋅ k ⋅C A 0 1−α PFR 1−0

τ PFR=
2⋅ 0.73⋅ 10
−3
1
m
3
mol
⋅50 3
⋅ ( 1−0.5
1
−
1−0 )
1
=13 ,7 s

mol ⋅ s m
  Objętość reaktora CSTR

V CSTR =
v ⋅C A 1−v ⋅C A 2 v ⋅ ( C A 1−C A 2 )
= =
v⋅
( C A 1−C A 2
CA 1 )
⋅ CA1
=
v ⋅α CSTR ⋅C A 1 v ⋅ α CSTR ⋅C A 1
=
r r r r k ⋅C A 2 ⋅C B 2

m3 mol
0.2⋅0.5 ⋅25 3
s m
V CSTR = 3
=10 . 96 m3
−3 m mol mol
0.73 ⋅10 ⋅1 2 .5 3 ⋅ 25 3
mol ⋅s m m

 Wyliczenie umownego czasu przebywania reagentów w reaktorze CSTR:

v ⋅ α CSTR ⋅C A 1
V CSTR r α CSTR ⋅C A 1
τ CSTR = = =
v v r

mol
0.5 ⋅25 3
m
τ CSTR = 3
=54 , 8 s
−3 m mol mol
0.73 ⋅10 ⋅1 2 , 5 3 ⋅25 3
mol ⋅ s m m

Przypadek c)

CSTR

 Objętość reaktora CSTR

V CSTR =
v ⋅C A 0−v ⋅C A 2 v ⋅ ( C A 0−C A 2 )
= =
v⋅
( C A 0 −C A 2
C A0 )⋅C A 0
=
v ⋅α CSTR ⋅C A 0 v ⋅α CSTR ⋅C A 0
=
r r r r k ⋅C A 2 ⋅ C B 2

m3 mol
0.2 ⋅0.75 ⋅50 3
s m
V CSTR = 3
=32.88 m3
m mol mol
0.73 ⋅10−3 ⋅1 2 ,5 3 ⋅25 3
mol ⋅s m m
Przypadek d)

PFR

 Objętość reaktora PFR

0.7 5
dα
V PFR=C A 0 ⋅ ∫ ⋅v
0 r

α PFR α PFR
dα 1 dα
V PFR=C A 0 ⋅ ∫ ⋅v = ⋅∫ ⋅v
0
2
2 ⋅k ⋅C A 0 ⋅ ( 1−α )
2
2 ⋅k ⋅C A0 0 ( 1−α )
2

1 1 1
V PFR = ⋅( − )⋅ v
2⋅ k ⋅C A 0 1−α PFR 1−0

( )
3
1 1 1 m 3
V PFR = 3
⋅ − ⋅0.2 =8. 22 m
−3 m mol 1−0. 7 5 1−0 s
2⋅0.73 ⋅10 ⋅50 3
mol ⋅ s m

Przypadek VCSTR [m3] VPFR [m3] Vkaskady [m3] τ [s]

a) CSTR + PFR 5.48 5.48 10.96 27.4 + 27.4 = 54.8
b) PFR + CSTR 10.96 2.74 13.7 54.8 + 13.7 = 68.5
c) CSTR 32.88 - - -
d) PFR - 8.22 - -