Professional Documents
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3. Γενετική 26 Οκτ
3. Γενετική 26 Οκτ
3. Γενετική 26 Οκτ
ζεται από τις αλληλεπιδράσεις με άλλα γονίδια και τα προϊόντα τους (όπως ορ -
μόνες), καθώς και από το εξωτερικό περιβάλλον (παράγοντες όπως η διατροφή).
α) β)
α)
Neurofibromatosis, type 1: café au lait spots, hyperpigmented spots on the skin, are a useful diagnostic
sign in family members who otherwise may appear unaffected. Most patients have six or more spots at
least 15 mm in diameter, usually on the trunk.
Αχονδροπλασία
Achondroplasia, an autosomal
dominant disorder that often
occurs as a new mutation. Note
small stature with short limbs,
large head, low nasal bridge,
prominent forehead, and lumbar
lordosis in this typical
presentation.
Υπολειπόμενη αυτοσωματική κληρονόμηση
α)
Pedigree pattern demonstrating an X-linked recessive disorder such as hemophilia A, transmitted from
an affected male through females to an affected grandson and great-grandson.
Consanguinity in an X-linked recessive pedigree for red-green color blindness, resulting in a
homozygous affected female.
Κληρονομικότητα υποτελούς αλληλομόρφου
συνδεδεμένου με το Χ.
Male-limited precocious puberty (familial testotoxicosis), an autosomal dominant disorder expressed exclusively in males. This child, at
4.75 years, is 120 cm in height (above the 97th percentile for his age). Note the muscle bulk and precocious development of the external
genitalia. Epiphyseal fusion occurs at an early age, and affected persons are relatively short as adults.
Pedigree pattern (part of a much larger pedigree) of male-limited precocious puberty in the family of the child shown in Figure 7-14.
This autosomal dominant disorder can be transmitted by affected males or by unaffected carrier females.
Γονιδιωματική αποτύπωση (imprinting)
Some genes are inactivated when transmitted through one sex. Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome
are two different conditions both of which seem to be caused by very similar deletions of a small part of
chromosome 15.
In this diagram, two genes are shown in the critical region. Each is inactivated by imprinting, the Angelman
syndrome gene is turned off on the chromosome inherited from the father while the Prader-Willi gene is turned
off on the maternally transmitted chromosome. When a deletion covering the region is inherited on the other
chromosome one syndrome or the other results.
Αποκλίσεις από τις αναλογίες του Mendel
n Θνησιγόνα αλληλόμορφα
n Ατελώς επικρατή αλληλόμορφα
n Συνεπικρατή αλληλόμορφα
n Σιωπηλά αλληλόμορφα
n Επίσταση
n Πλειοτροπία
n Γενετική ετερογένεια
n Ποικίλη εκφραστικότητα
n Μειωμένη διεισδυτικότητα
n Μωσαϊκισμός
Μωσαϊκισμός
Μιτοχονδριακή κληρονόμηση
Pedigree of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, a form of spontaneous blindness caused by a defect in
mitochondrial DNA. Inheritance is only through the maternal lineage, in agreement with the known
maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. No affected male transmits the disease.