Питання 1

Read the text. Then choose the correct answer (questions 2-12)
Robert Capa

1. Robert Capa is a name that has for many years been synonymous with war
photography.
2. Born in Hungary in 1913 as Friedmann Endre Ernő, Capa was forced to leave
his native country after his involvement in anti government protests. Capa had
originally wanted to become a writer, but after his arrival in Berlin had first found
work as a photographer. He later left Germany and moved to France due to the rise
in Nazism. He tried to find work as a freelance journalist and it was here that he
changed his name to Robert Capa, mainly because he thought it would sound more
American.
3. In 1936, after the breakout of the Spanish Civil war, Capa went to Spain and it
was here over the next three years that he built his reputation as a war
photographer. It was here too in 1936 that he took one of his most famous
pictures, The Death of a Loyalist Soldier. One of Capa’s most famous quotes was
'If your pictures aren't good enough, you're not close enough.' And he took his
attitude of getting close to the action to an extreme. His photograph, The Death of
a Loyalist Soldier is a prime example of this as Capa captures the very moment the
soldier falls. However, many have questioned the authenticity of this photograph,
claiming that it was staged.
4. When World war II broke out, Capa was in New York, but he was soon back in
Europe covering the war for Life magazine. Some of his most famous work was
created on 6th June 1944 when he swam ashore with the first assault on Omaha
Beach in the D-Day invasion of Normandy. Capa, armed only with two cameras,
took more than one hundred photographs in the first hour of the landing, but a
mistake in the darkroom during the drying of the film destroyed all but eight
frames. It was the images from these frames however that inspired the visual style
of Steven Spielberg's Oscar winning movie ‘Saving Private Ryan’. When Life
magazine published the photographs, they claimed that they were slightly out of
focus, and Capa later used this as the title of his autobiographical account of the
war.
5. Capa’s private life was no less dramatic. He was friend to many of Hollywood’s
directors, actors and actresses. In 1943 he fell in love with the wife of actor John
Austin. His affair with her lasted until the end of the war and became the subject of
his war memoirs. He was at one time lover to actress Ingrid Bergman. Their
relationship finally ended in 1946 when he refused to settle in Hollywood and went
off to Turkey.
6. In 1947 Capa was among a group of photojournalists who founded Magnum
Photos. This was a co-operative organisation set up to support photographers and
help them to retain ownership of the copyright to their work.
7. Capa went on to document many other wars. He never attempted to glamorise
war though, but to record the horror. He once said, "The desire of any war
photographer is to be put out of business."
8. Capa died as he had lived. After promising not to photograph any more wars, he
accepted an assignment to go to Indochina to cover the first Indochina war. On
May 25th 1954 Capa was accompanying a French regiment when he left his jeep to
take some photographs of the advance and stepped on a land mine. He was taken to
a nearby hospital, still clutching his camera, but was pronounced dead on arrival.
He left behind him a testament to the horrors of war and a standard for
photojournalism that few others have been able to reach.
9. Capa’s legacy has lived on though and in 1966 his brother Cornell founded the
International Fund for Concerned Photography in his honor. There is also a Robert
Capa Gold Medal, which is given to the photographer who publishes the best
photographic reporting from abroad with evidence of exceptional courage. But
perhaps his greatest legacy of all are the haunting images of the human struggles
that he captured.
Питання 2
Why did Capa change his name?
A To hide his identity
B Because he had been involved in protests
C To sound more American
D Because he had to leave Hungary
Answer: C
Питання 3
Capa originally wanted to be
A A photojournalist
B A writer
C American
D A protestor
Answer: B
Питання 4
Capa went to Spain to
A fight in the civil war.
B build his reputation.
C have a holiday.
D take photographs.
 Answer: D

Питання 5
Capa’s famous picture Death of a Loyalist Soldier
A was taken by someone else.
B was definitely genuine.
C wasn’t even taken in Spain.
D cannot be proven genuine or staged.
Answer: D

Питання 6
When World War II broke out Capa
A went to New York.
B went to Normandy.
C swam ashore on Omaha Beach.
D went to Europe.
Answer: D

Питання 7
A mistake meant that
A only one hundred of Capa’s photographs were published.
B Capa lost both of his two cameras.
C Capa’s images inspired an Oscar winning movie.
D Most of Capa’s images of the D-Day landing were destroyed.
Answer: D

Питання 8
Capa’s private life was
A less dramatic than his professional life.
B spent mostly in Hollywood.
C very glamorous.
D spent in Turkey.
Answer: C

Питання 9
Capa wanted his work to
A be very famous.
B show how glamorous war can be.
C show the true horror of war.
D make lots of money.
Answer: C

Питання 10
Which sentence best paraphrases paragraph 5?
A Capa had a tragic private life and was never able to settle down and find
happiness.
B Despite having many good friends and lovers, Capa always put his work first.
C Capa wanted to make friends with important people in Hollywood so that he
could move into the movie industry.
D Capa’s private life was very complicated. He could not choose between the two
women he loved, so he went off to work in Turkey.
Answer: B

Питання 11
Which sentence best paraphrases paragraph 4?
A Capa never tried to avoid danger. He risked his life to take photographs of the D-
Day invasion, but then destroyed most of them.
B Capa took some of his most famous photographs during the D-Day invasion, but
most were tragically destroyed in an accident.
C Capa only kept the best eight D-Day photographs as the others were out of
focus. These inspired the visual style of a Hollywood film.
D Capa left Europe when the war broke out and went to take his most famous
photographs of the D-Day invasion.
Answer: B

Питання 12
Which THREE sentences best summarise the passage?
A Capa’s work tried to show the beauty within the horror of war, that’s why so
many photographers have tried to copy his work.
B From his earliest years Capa was active in political journalism and reporting.
This often got him into trouble with the authorities.
C Capa was not afraid to get close to his work and often risked his life to ensure
that his photographs were as good as they could be.
D Capa wanted to have a glamorous life style and so he made friends with
Hollywood film stars and even had a film, ‘Saving Private Ryan’ made about him.
E Capa was deeply committed to trying to stop war and he left behind him a legacy
that continued to support and inspire other photojournalists to continue this work.
F Capa had always wanted to be as American as possible, so after the war he
changed his name and went to live in America.
Answer: B, C, E

Питання 13
Read the text and choose the best answer (questions 14-18)
SAFETY AT SEA
Catastrophes at sea and in the air make grim headlines: they represent a great deal
of sorrow for the families of the dead and injured. Why do they occur? Terrorists
plant bombs, as in the case of the destruction of the American airliner over
Lockerbie in Scotland. Pyromaniacs light fires, as in the case of the ferry,
Scandinavian Star, sailing from Norway to Denmark. In the week following that
tragedy, there were two other cases of fires on board ferries: on one plying between
Wales and Ireland, and on another between Portsmouth and Cherbourg. In both of
them, a man died. Clearly, fire is a commonplace hazard, and a very dangerous
one, at sea. Talking after the Scandinavian Star had been towed into the small port
of Lysekil, a Swedish police spokesman made it clear how awful if had been. He
said: "The toll from the blaze that engulfed the ferry south of Oslo fjord is still
officially 75 dead and 60 missing but about 100 bodies have already been taken off
the ship and as many as 50 to 100 could still be on board. People tried to save
themselves in the cabins and they are lying in big piles and it's difficult to figure
out how many there are. There are a lot of children." In the immediate aftermath of
such catastrophes reports of inadequate safety measures circulate. On board the
Scandinavian Star, a fireman said the ferry had only one system to pump and spray
water on to the flames and that pumping and spraying had to be done alternately.
On a wider scale, newspapers reported once again on the world-wide system of
"flagging-out" which means that ships are not registered in the countries where
they operate, and where the regulations are strict and expensive, but in places like
Panama and Cyprus and the Bahamas, where they are lax and cheap. The
Scandinavian Star, although Danish-owned, was registered in the Bahamas. One of
the more outrageous cases came to light in October 1989. A general cargo ship
named the Bosun set sail from Hamburg under the flag of the small central
American state of Belize. West German police arrested and charged two men, the
ship's British master and its German owner. They were charged with flying a false
flag, and forgery of Belize government documents. A police officer said: "Belize
was not the latest entrant in the cheap flag stakes; they in fact operate no shipping
whatsoever. When we contacted the Belize High Commission in London, they
were astonished to learn that a ship was pretending to be registered in their
country." Rules are laid down for ship safety by United Nations organizations. The
rules are strict, and specify that a ship must be built with heat and fire resistant
bulkheads, fire doors to passenger and crew areas, sealed cable and air
conditioning trunking to block smoke, non-combustible materials and/or sprinkler
systems, smoke detectors and alarms, and signposted emergency exits. But all
these rules of ship design are meaningless according to an expert from the Nautical
Institute. He explains: "The big loophole is the lack of power to test whether these
rules are being enforced. The port state is entitled to carry out spot checks on ships
to make sure their safety certificates are in order; the lifeboats are all there and
don't have holes in them; and that there are the necessary charts, life-jackets in the
racks, and fire hoses in their reels. But they don't have the power to test whether
they all work, or the crews know how to use them. I think the public has a right to
be worried." He goes on to point out that the Scandinavian Star would have been
built to a very high design standard. However, it is likely that neither her crew nor
her safety equipment could have been checked in the Bahamas before she began
carrying passengers. Why do the ship-owners do it? According to the Secretary of
the National Union of Seamen, the answer is cost. He says: "The Danish owners of
the ill-fated Scandinavian Star could have registered her in Denmark and employed
ratings belonging to the appropriate union. These would have been properly trained
in firefighting and lifeboat drills and been able to communicate with their officers
and the passengers in the event of an emergency. The ship would have come under
the rigorous scrutiny of the Danish port inspectorate. "But the inspectors might
have insisted on potentially costly modifications and the ratings would have asked
for Danish wages and accompanying social benefits. Much simpler (not to mention
cheaper) to register her in the Bahamas and at a stroke free the owners from such
irksome restrictions. Among the survivors of this horrific tragedy there may be
some ideologues who share this free-market philosophy, but I doubt it."

Питання 14
Fires sometimes occur on board ships
A. because someone deliberately lights them
B. when there are inadequate safety measures
C. when the crew has not been trained
D. because the safety measures are inadequate
Answer: A

Питання 15
Flagging-out
A. is common all over the world
B. means that ships must register
C. is a matter of flying the national flag
D. helps poor nations export
Answer: A

Питання 16
The Belize High commission was surprised to have a ship registered in the
country because
A. they had only just started registering shipping
B. it is a land-locked country, like Switzerland
C. no ships operate under the Belize flag
D. it was the first time forged Belize documents had been used.
Answer: C
Питання 17
When are the strict rules of shipbuilding ineffective?
A. When the crew is untrained.
B. When the safety equipment does not work.
C. If regulations are not enforced.
D. If there are not enough lifeboats.
Answer: C

Питання 18
Being involved in a serious accident at sea is likely to make people skeptical of A.
free-market economics
B. ship builders
C. ship owners
D. government restrictions
Answer: A

Питання 19
Many students were hoping that the quiz would be __________. For some reason
they didn't want to take the quiz.
A called off
B blended in
C brought up
D ripped off
Answer: A

Питання 20
If you want to __________, it's important to work very hard. Hard work is the key
to success.
A run over.
B pay off.
C get ahead.
D jot down.
Answer: C
Питання 21
The used car salesman __________. He charged him way too much for that old
car.
A filled Max up.
B kicked Max out.
C picked Max out.
D ripped Max off

Answer: D

Питання 22
If you talk too loudly in the library, the librarian might __________. Just last
week, she asked me to leave for talking on my cell phone.
A pick you out.
B kick you out.
C doze you off.
D call you off

Answer: B

Питання 23
If you don't know what a word means, you may want to _____ it _____ in the
dictionary.
AA look.....up.
B fill.....in.
C keep.....down.
D look … through
Answer: A

Питання 24
When I win the lottery, I'm going to __________ all of my bills and buy a house
on the beach.
A pay up
B pay down
C pay off
D pay with
Answer: C

Питання 25
Would you please __________ the noise? I'm trying to sleep.
A let down
B keep down
C slow down
D soft down
Answer: B

Питання 26
24. We usually ____ going to the cinema with my entire family on Saturdays.
A am into
B do away
C end up
D put up
E track down
F work out
G get by
Answer: C

Питання 27
I had to _____ with all the members of the team because of security issues.
A am into
B do away
C end up
D put up
E track down
F work out
G get by
Answer: A

Питання 28
I had better _____ how to deal with this issue.
A am into
B do away
C end up
D put up
E track down
F work out
G get by
Answer: F

Питання 29
Did you manage to _____ those documents I was looking for?
A am into
B do away
C end up
D put up
E track down
F work out
G get by
Answer: E
Питання 30
I ____ spending time with my wife and kids.
A am into
B do away
C end up
D put up
E track down
F work out
G get by
Answer: A

Питання 31
It’s hardly possible to _____ on my salary.
A am into
B do away
C end up
D put up
E track down
F work out
G get by
Answer: G

Питання32
I would never ____ with that kind of behaviour; it is unacceptable.
A am into
B do away
C end up
D put up
E track down
F work out
G get by
Answer: D

Питання 33
Opportunities to appear on prime-time TV don’t ____ very often.
A come up
B come on
C come along
D come through
Answer: C

Питання 34
They are cutting down the rainforests ___ an alarming rate.
A On
B By
C With
D At

Answer: D

Питання 35
The Earth is getting warmer and humans are partly ___ blame.
A By
B With
C To
D In
Answer: C
Питання 36
As a paramedic, you’ll have to think ___.
A on your feet
B on your hands
C on your head
D on your back
Answer: A

Питання 37
Big companies often ____ smaller ones for financial reasons.
A take over
B take on
C take up
D take in
Answer: A