racionaluri ricxvebi.

a
ricxvebs, romelnic gamoisaxebian SefardebiT (anu a ÷ b ¿ , sadac a mTelia (aϵZ ) , xolo b naturaluri
b
3 9
(bϵN ¿, racionaluri ricxvebi ewodeba. racionaluri ricxvebis warmodgena SesaZlebelia wiladuri ( , …
7 4
) da aTwiladuri (0,728 ; 3 , 29 ...) formiT. racionaluri ricxvebi, SesaZlebelia
3
Seicavdnen rogorc mxolod aramTel nawils ( ; 0 , 245 ¿, aseve aramTel nawilTan erTad, mTel nawilsac
8
4
(2 ; 3,739 ¿. iseT racionalur ricxvebs, romelnic garda
9
aramTeli nawilisa, Seicaven agreTve mTel nawils, Sereuli ricxvebi ewodebaT.
2 9
3 ; 4 ; 6 , 48 ; 2,367 … Sereuli ricxvebia. Sesabamisad, racionalur ricxvebSi
5 17
ganixileba sami forma: 1) wiladebi. 2)
aTwiladebi. 3) Sereuli ricxvebi.

wiladebi.
raime mTelis erTi an ramdenime toli nawilisgan Sedgenil ricxvs, wiladi ewodeba.

mricxveli

5
wiladis xazi 9

mniSvneli

* xazs zemoT daweril ricxvs, wiladis mricxveli ewodeba. * xazs qvemoT daweril
ricxvs wiladis mniSvneli ewodeba. * wiladis xazi moqmedeba gayofas niSnavs.
* wiladis mniSvneli asaxavs, ramden tol nawiladaa gayofili mTeli. * wiladis mricxveli
asaxavs, ramdeni nawilia aRebuli mTelidan. * sxvaoba wiladis mricxvelsa da mniSvnels
5
Soris asaxavs, ramdeni nawilia darCenili. e.i. wiladi
9
niSnavs, rom mTeli gayofilia 9 tol nawilad, saidanac aRebulia 5 nawili da darCenilia 4 nawili.
* wiladis mniSvneli arasodes iqneba 0 -is toli. (0 -ze gayofa ar SeiZleba).
* nebismieri mTeli ricxvi SeiZleba Caiweros iseTi wiladis saxiT, romlis mniSvnelic 1-is tolia.
8 −5
8= ;−5= . * Tu wiladis mricxveli da mniSvneli toli ricxvebia, maSin es
1 1
3 47
wiladi 1-is tolia. =1; =1. * Tu wiladis mricxveli da
3 47
 −3 −85 17
mniSvneli mopirdapire ricxvebia, maSin es wiladi −1-is tolia. =−1 ; =−1. =−1 .
3 85 −17
* mocemuli wiladi dadebiTia, Tu mricxvelic da mniSvnelic erTnairniSniani ricxvebia. (an orive

dadebiTia, an orive uaryofiTi). e.i.

a
b
>0 , Tu{a> o
b> o
an {a<b< oo .
* mocemuli wiladi uaryofiTia, Tu mricxveli da mniSvneli sxvadasxvaniSniani ricxvebia. (erT-erTi

dadebiTia, xolo meore uaryofiTi). e.i.

a
b
<0 , Tu {
a> o
b< 0
an {a<b> oo .
* mocemuli wiladi tolia nulis, Tu mricxveli nulia, xolo mniSvneli nulis aratoli nebismieri ricxvia.

e.i.
a
b
=0 , Tu {
a=0 .
bϵR ; b ≠ o
∎ wesieri da arawesieri wiladebi.
3 7 10
* wesieria wiladebi, romelTa mricxvelic naklebia mniSvnelze. ; ; …
5 16 11
wesieri wiladebia. * arawesieria wiladebi, romelTa
6 9 19 46
mricxvelic metia an tolia mniSvnelisa. ; ; ; … arawesieri wiladebia.
5 9 12 23
∎ arawesieri wiladis gadaqceva Sereul ricxvad da piriqiT.
* yoveli arawesieri wiladidan SesaZlebelia mTelia nawilis gamoyofa, ris Sedegadac miviRebT Sereul
ricxvs. * arawesieri
wiladidan mTeli nawilis gamosayofad saWiroa, mocemuli wiladis mricxveli gavyoT mniSvnelze,
miRebuli mTeli ricxvi davweroT mTel nawilSi, darCenili naSTi davweroT wiladis mricxvelSi da
mniSvneli gadavitanoT ucvlelad. magaliTad:
17 8 57 9
=17 ÷ 9=1 ; =57 ÷ 16=3 . * Tu arawesieri wiladis mricxveli
9 9 16 16
unaSTod iyofa mniSvnelze, aseT SemTxvevaSi miviRebT mTel ricxvs, aramTeli nawilis
74 105
gareSe. magaliTad: =74 ÷ 37=2 ; =105 ÷ 15=7.
37 15
* agreTve SesaZlebelia yoveli Sereuli ricxvis araweiser wiladad gadaqceva.
* Sereuli ricxvi rom arawesier wiladad vaqcioT, mTeli nawili unda gavamravloT mniSvnelze da
davumatoT mricxveli. miRebuli ricxvi davweroT mricxvelSi, xolo mniSvneli ucvlelad gadavitanoT.
5 3 ∙ 9+5 32 8 1 ∙15+ 8 23
magaliTad: 3 = = ;1 = = . * mTeli ricxvi
9 9 9 15 15 15
SesaZlebelia Caiweros nebismiermniSvneliani wiladis saxiT. mTeli ricxvis wiladis saxiT Cawerisas,
mniSvnelSi vwerT sasurvel ricxvs, xolo mricxvelSi ki SerCeuli mniSvnelisa da mTeli ricxvis namravls.
4 ∙7 28
magaliTad: ramdeni meSvidedia ricxvi 4 ? 4= = ; ramdeni meTormetedia
7 7
9∙ 12 108
ricxvi 9 ? 9= = . ∎ toli wiladebi.
12 12
* wiladebs, romelTac mricxvelebic da mniSvnelebic Sesabamisad toli aqvT, toli wiladebi ewodebaT.
2 2 12 12 27 27
= ; = ; = . * agreTve, Tu wiladis mricxvelsac da mniSvnelsac
9 9 23 23 16 16
erTdroulad gavamravlebT an gavyofT nulis aratol, erTidaigive, nebismier ricxvze, miviRebT mocemuli
 3 3∙ 5 15 3 15
wiladis tol wilads. magaliTad: = = , e.i. = .
8 8∙ 5 40 8 40
2 2∙ 8 16 2 16 18 18 ÷ 6 3 18 3
= = , e.i. = . agreTve: = = , e.i. = .
7 7 ∙ 8 56 7 56 30 30 ÷ 6 5 30 5
35 35÷ 5 7 35 7
= = , e.i. = . * e.i. mocemuli wiladis mricxvelis da mniSvnelis erTdrouli,
60 60÷ 5 12 60 12
erTidaigive nulis aratol ricxvze gamravlebiT an gayofiT, wiladis mniSvneloba ar icvleba.
*Sesabamisad, vityviT rom wiladebs, romelTa ricxiTi mniSvnelobebic tolia toli wiladebi ewodeba.
a c a c
* zogadad, vityviT rom Tu da toli wiladebia, = , maSin: a ∙ d=b ∙ c . *toli wiladebis
b d b d
5 5
sxvaoba nulis tolia. − =0. * toli wiladebis ganayofi erTis tolia.
9 9
3 3
÷ =1. ∎ mopirdapire wiladebi.
7 7
* wiladebs, romelTa ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi tolia, xolo niSani gansxvavebuli, mopirdapire wiladebi
ewodeba. vityviT, rom nebismieri dadebiTi wiladis mopiradapire wiladi uaryofiTi wiladia da piriqiT.
5 −5 −9 9
da , agreTve da mopirdapire wiladebia. *mopirdapire
8 8 11 11

wiladebis jami nulis tolia. ( )

7 −7
+
15 15
=0 ;
−3 3
+ =0 .
8 8
* mopirdapire

wiladebis ganayofi −1-is tolia.

4
÷
15 15
−4
( )
=−1; ∎ Sebrunebuli
wiladebi. * Tu mocemuli wiladis mricxvelsa da mniSvnels
SevucvliT adgilebs (mricxvels davwerT mniSvnelis adgilas da mniSvnels ki mricxvelis adgilas),
3 5
miviRebT mocemuli wiladis Sebrunebul wilads. magaliTad: da ; agreTve
5 3
−7 −9
da Sebrunebuli wiladebia. * mTeli ricxvis Sebrunebuli ricxvi aris wiladi, romlis
9 7
mricxvelia erTi, xolo mniSvneli Tavad es mTeli ricxvi. magaliTad: 4-is
1 −1
Sebrunebuli ricxvia ; −7 -is Sebrunebuli ricxvi . * wesieri wiladis
4 7
7 11
Sebrunebuli wiladi arawesieri wiladia. da . * araweiseri wiladis Sebrunebuli wiladi wesieri
11 7
17 12
wiladia. da . * Sebrunebuli wiladebis namravli erTis tolia.
12 17
8 15
∙ =1.− ∙
15 8
7 −10
10 7( )=1. ∎ wiladebis Sekveca. *

wiladis mricxvelisa da mniSvnelis erTdroul, nebismier erTidaigive ricxvze gayofas, wiladis Sekveca
25 25 ÷ 5 5 25
ewodeba. =
magaliTad: = , mocemul SemTxvevaSi wiladi
45 45 ÷ 5 9 45
26 26 ÷13 2 26
SevkveceT 5-ze. agreTve : = = . e.i. wiladi Seikveca 13 -ze.
91 91÷ 13 7 91
* Tu mocemuli wiladis mricxvels da mniSvnels gaaCniaT saerTo gamyofi, maSin is kvecadi wiladia.
12 4
kvecadi wiladia da ikveceba 3-ze. anu = . * Tu mocemuli wiladis mricxvels da
15 5
4 18 7
mniSvnels ar gaaCniaT saerTo gamyofi, maSin is ukveci wiladia. , , ... ukveci wiladebia.
9 25 6
* Tu wiladis mricxveli an mniSvneli (erTi mainc) martivi ricxvia, maSin mocemuli wiladi ukveci wiladia.
∎ tolmniSvneliani, tolmricxveliani da sxvadasxvamniSvneliani (gansxvavebuli) wiladebi.
* wiladebs, romelTa mniSvnelebi tolia, xolo mricxvelebi gansxvavebili, tolmniSvneliani wiladebi
3 7 7 11
ewodeba. da , agreTve da tolmniSvneliani wiladebia.
8 8 15 15
* wiladebs, romelTa mricxvelebi tolia, xolo mniSvnelebi gansxvavebuli, tolmricxveliani wiladebi
8 8 5 5
ewodeba. da ; agreTve da tolmricxveliani
11 9 7 12
wiladebia. * wiladebs, romelTa mricxvelebic da mniSvnelebic,
Sesabamisad, gansxvavebuli ricxvebia, gansxvavebuli (sxvadasxva) wiladebi ewodeba.
7 5 3 7
da ; agreTve da sxvadasxva wiladebia. ∎mosazRvre
9 8 7 10
(mezobeli) wiladebi. * tolmniSvnelian wiladebs, romelTa
mricxvelebic mosazRvre (mezobeli) ricxvebia, mosazRvre wiladebi ewodeba.
6 7 16 17
da ; agreTve da mosazRvre wiladebia.
11 11 21 21

∎ wiladebis gaerTmniSvnelianeba. * sxvadasxvamniSvneliani wiladebis

warmodgenas iseTi wiladebis saxiT, romelTac erTnairi (toli) mniSvnelebi aqvT, wiladebis
gaerTmniSvnemlianeba ewodeba. anu, wiladebis gaerTmniSvnelianeba niSnavs mocemuli wiladebis
Secvlas maTi toli iseTi wiladebiT, romelTac toli mniSvnelebi aqvT.
wiladebis gaerTmniSvnelianebisTvis saWiroa:
vipovoT mocemuli wiladebis mniSvnelTa (umciresi) saerTo jeradi. TiToeuli wiladisTvis
vipovoT damatebiTi mamravli, romelic miiReba saerTo mniSvnelis gayofiT mocemuli wiladebis
mniSvnelebze. TiToeuli wiladis mricxvelic da mniSvnelic gavamravloT mis
damatebiT mamravlze. magaliTad:
7 5
gavaerTmniSvnelianoT da . radganac 8-is da 12-is u.s.j. aris 24 , wesis Tanaxmad pirveli wiladis
8 12
damatebiTi mamravli iqneba 24 ÷ 8=3, xolo meore wiladis damatebiTi mamravli iqneba 24 ÷ 12=2.
7 7 ∙ 3 21 5 5 ∙2 10 7 5
Sesabamisad miviRebT: = = da = = . e.i. da gaerTmniSvnelianebis
8 8∙ 3 24 12 12 ∙2 24 8 12
21 10
Sedegad iqneba Sesabamisad: da . agreTve:
24 24
1 3 4
gavaerTmniSvnelianoT wiladebi , da . 2-is, 4 -is da 5-is u.s.j. aris 20 ,
2 4 5
amitom maTi saerTo mniSvneli iqneba 20. pirveli wiladis damatebiTi mniSvnelia 20 ÷ 2=10.
meore wiladis damatebiTi mniSvnelia 20 ÷ 4=5. mesame wiladis damatebiTi
 1 10 3 15 4 16
mniSvnelia 20 ÷ 5=4. Sesabamisad gveqneba: = , = , = .
2 20 4 20 5 20
∎ or wilads Soris mdebare wiladis (wiladebis) gansazRvra. * rom
gavigoT or mocemul wilads Soris ramdeni da romeli wiladebia moTavsebuli, saWiroa mocemuli wiladebi
5
gavaerTmniSvnelianoT. magaliTad: ramdeni da romeli wiladia moTavsebuli -sa da
9
3
-s Soris, romelTa mniSvnelia SesaZloTagan umciresi ricxvi?
5
5 25 3 27 25
mocemuli wiladebis gaerTmniSvnelianebis Sedegad miviRebT: = ; = . radganac -sa da
9 45 5 45 45
27 26 5 3
-s Soris moTavsdeba wiladi . Sesabamisad vityviT rom -sa da-s Soris,
45 45 9 5
26
romelTa mniSvnelia SesaZloTagan umciresi ricxvi, moTavsdeba erTi wiladi da es wiladia .
45
* Tu gaerTmniSvnelianebis Sedegad miviReT mosazRvre (mezobeli) wiladebi, maSin miRebuli
tolmniSvneliani wiladebis mricxvelsac da mniSvnelsac gavamravlebT 2-ze, (anu SevcvliT maTi toli
wiladebiT). magaliTad: ipoveT im wiladis mricxvelis SesaZlo umciresi
5 1
mniSvneloba, romelic moTavsebulia -sa da -s Soris? mocemuli wiladebis
11 2
10 11
gaerTmniSvnelianebis Sedegad miviRebT mosazRvre wiladebs: -s da –s. wesis Tanaxmad,
22 22
20 22
miRebuli wiladis mricxvelis da mniSvnelis 2-ze gamravlebis Sedegad miviRebT wiladebs: da ,
44 44
21
romelTa Sorisac moTavsdeba wiladi . Sesabamisad vityviT,
44
5 1
rom -sa da -s Soris moTavsebuli wiladis mricxvelis umciresi mniSvnelobaa 21.
11 2
∎ wiladebis Sedareba. * nebismieri dadebiTi arawesieri wiladi
9 10
metia nebismier dadebiT wesier wiladze. > . * nebismieri
5 13
−9 10
uaryofiTi arawesieri wiladi naklebia nebismier uaryofiT wesier wiladze. ← .
5 13
* tolmniSvneliani wiladebidan metia is wiladi, romlis mricxvelic metia da piriqiT, tolmniSvneliani
8 4 3 7
wiladebidan naklebia is wiladi, romlis mricxvelic naklebia. > ; < .
9 9 10 10
* tolmricxveliani wiladebidan metia is wiladi, romlis mniSvnelic naklebia da piriqiT, tolmricxveliani
8 8 4 4
wiladebidan naklebia is wiladi, romlis mniSvnelic metia. > ; < .
11 13 7 5
* sxvadasxvamniSvneliani wiladebis SedarebisTvis, saWiroa mocemuli wiladebi gavaerTmniSvnelianoT
5 7
da SevadaroT tolmniSvneliani wiladebis principiT. magaliTad: SevadaroT da . 9 -is da 15
9 15
5 25 7 21 25 21
-is u.s.j. aris 45 ; e.i. = da = . radganac > , Sesabamisad viTyviT, rom
9 45 15 45 45 45
5 7
> . ∎ Sereuli ricxvebis Sedareba. *
9 15
Sereuli ricxvebis Sedarebisas, jer vadarebT mTel nawilebs da mTeli nawilebis tolobis SemTxvevaSi,
aramTel (wiladur) nawilebs. * Sereuli ricxvebidan metia is ricxvi, romlis mTeli
4 7 4 3
nawilic metia da piriqiT. 5 > 4 , radganac 5> 4; 7 < 9 , radganac 7< 9.
9 8 5 10
* Tu Sereul ricxvTa mTeli nawilebi tolia, meti iqneba is Sereuli ricvxi, romlis aramTeli (wiladuri) nawilic
8 8 8 8 3 7 3 7
metia da piriqiT. 9 > 9 , radganac > ; 8 < 8 , radganac < .
15 17 15 17 7 9 7 9
∎ wiladebis Sekreba da gamokleba. * tolmniSvneliani
wiladebis Sekrebisas, mniSvneli ucvlelad gadadis da mricxvelebi ikribeba.
2 5 2+5 7 3 2 4 3+ 2+ 4 9 2
magaliTad: + = = ; agreTve: + + = = =1 . *
9 9 9 9 7 7 7 7 7 7
sxvadasxvamniSvneliani wiladebis Sekrebisas, mocemul wiladebs gavaerTmniSvnelianebT da
3 5 9 20 9+ 20 29 5
SevkribavT tolmniSvneliani wiladebis wesiT. magaliTad: + = + = = =1 .
8 6 24 24 24 24 24
7 4 3 35+32+30 97 17
agreTve: + + = = =2 . * tolmniSvneliani
8 5 4 40 40 40
wiladebis gamoklebisas, mniSvneli ucvleli gadadis da saklebi wiladis mricxvels akldeba maklebi wiladis
8 5 8−5 3
mricxveli. − = = . agreTve:
magaliTad:
11 11 11 11
13 7 8 13−7−8 −2 −2
− − = = = . * sxvadasxvamniSvneliani wiladebis
15 15 15 15 15 15
gamoklebisas, mocemul wiladebs gavaerTmniSvnelianebT da gamovaklebT tolmniSvneliani wiladebis
3 5 27 20 27−20 7 11 3 5 55−36−50 −31 −31
wesiT. magaliTad: − = − = = ; − − = = = .
4 9 36 36 36 36 12 5 6 60 60 60
∎ Sereuli ricxvebis Sekreba da gamokleba. * nebismieri Sereuli ricxvi
2 2 12 12
SesaZlebelia warmovadginoT mTel da aramTel nawilTa jamis saxiT. 3 =3+ ; 7 =7+ .
9 9 19 19
6 6
e.i. mTeli ricxvisa da wiladis SekrebiT miviRebT Sereul ricxvs.5+ =5 . * Sereuli ricxvisa da
17 17
mTeli ricxvis Sekrebisas, Sereuli ricxvis mTel nawils emateba mocemuli mTeli ricxvi, xolo aramTeli
nawili gadadis ucvlelad. magaliTad:
3 3 7 7
6 + 2=8 . 4 +8 =12 . * Sereuli ricxvisa da wiladis Sekrebisas,
8 8 10 10
Sereuli ricxvis mTeli nawili gadadis ucvlelad da aramTeli nawilebi ikribeba. magaliTad:
1 5
4 9 ( )
1 5
3 + =3+ + =3+
4 9
9+20
36
29 29
=3+ =3 .
36 36
agreTve:

+6 =6 ( + )=6
4 4 4 4 36+20 56 11
=6 =7 .
5 9 5 9 45 45 45
* Sereuli ricxvebis Sekrebisas, calk-calke ikribeba mTeli da aramTeli nawilebi.
magaliTad: 5
3
11
4
+7 =( 5+7 )+
7
3 4
(
+ =12+
11 7 )
21+ 44
77
65 65
=12+ =12 .
77 77
agreTve:

2 8
5 9
2 8
5 9 ( )
8 +2 =( 8+2 )+ + =10
18+ 40
45
58 18 9
=10 =11 =11 .
40 40 20
* mTeli ricxvidan

wiladis gamoklebisas, mocemuli mTeli ricxvidan gamovyofT erT mTels, CavwerT mocemuli wiladis
tolmniSvneliani wiladis saxiT da darCenil mTel nawils gadavitanT ucvlelad, wiladur nawilebs ki
gamovaklebT Sesabamisad. magaliTad:
27 50 27 50−27 23 14 23 14 9
7− =6 − =6 =6 . 1− = − = . * mTeli ricxvidan
50 50 50 50 50 23 23 23 23
Sereuli ricxvis gamoklebisas, mocemul mTel ricxvs vaklebT jer Sereuli ricxvis mTel nawils da Semdeg
darCenil sxvaobas vaklebT Sereuli ricxvis wiladur nawils.
5 5 6 4 4 11
magaliTad: 9−4 =5− =4 ; 17−7 =10− =9 .
11 11 11 15 15 15
* Sereuli ricxvidan mTeli ricxvis gamoklebisas, Sereuli ricxvis mTel nawils akldeba mocemuli mTeli
ricxvi, xolo aramTeli nawili gadadis ucvlelad. magaliTad:
4 4 4 12 12
6 −3=( 6−3 ) =3 . 27 −19=8 . * Sereuli ricxvidan wiladis
7 7 7 17 17
gamoklebisas, Sereuli ricxvis mTeli nawili gadadis ucvlelad, wiladuri nawilebi ki akldeba Sesabamisad.

( 72 − 58 )=2 16−35
2
magaliTad: 2 − =2
7
5
8 56
19 56 19
=2− =1 − =1 .
56 56 56
37
56
agreTve:

9 − =9 ( − )=9
9 11 9 11 27−22 5 1
=9 =9 .
10 15 10 15 30 30 6
* Sereuli ricxvebis gamoklebisas, calk-calke akldeba saklebi Sereuli ricxvis mTel da aramTel nawils,
maklebi Sereuli ricxvis mTeli da aramTeli nawilebi Sesabamisad.
3
8
4
magaliTad: 9 −5 =( 9−5 ) +
5 ( 38 − 45 )=4 15−32
40
17 40 17 23
=4− =3 − =3 .
40 40 40 40
agreTve:

2 5 2 5
(
8 −3 = ( 8−3 )+ − =5
3 9 3 9
6−5
9 )
1
=5 .
9
7
8
5
12
7 5
3 −3 =( 3−3 ) + −
8 12
= (
21−10 11
24
= .
24 ) *wiladebisa da Sereuli

ricxvebis Sekreba-gamoklebis dros Sekveca SesaZlebelia mxolod saboloo pasuxSi. (ara uSualod
moqmedebebis dros). ∎ wiladebis gamravleba da gayofa.
* rogorc tolmniSvneliani, aseve tolmricxveliani da sxvadasxvamniSvneliani wiladebis gamravlebisas,
mricxvelebi mravldeba erTimeoreze da mniSvnelebi mravldeba erTimeoreze. Tu gasamravlebeli
5 4 5 ∙ 4 20 3 5 15 4 4 16
wiladebi ikveceba, SevkvecavT. magaliTad: ∙ = = . ∙ = . ∙ = .
9 7 9 ∙ 7 63 11 11 121 7 9 63
3 6
15 12 15 12 3 ∙ 6 18
agreTve: ∙ = ∙ = = . (mocemul SemTxvevaSi Seikveca pirveli wiladis mricxveli
22 25 11 22 25 5 11∙5 55
da meore wiladis mniSvneli 5-ze, agreTve pirveli wiladis mniSvneli da meore wiladis mricxveli 2-ze).
* mTeli ricxvis wiladze gamravlebisas, mTeli ricxvi Caiwereba iseTi wiladis saxiT, romlis mniSvnelic
3 7 3 7 ∙ 3 21 1
erTis tolia da Sesruldeba moqmedeba. magaliTad: 7 ∙ = ∙ = = =4 ;
5 1 5 1∙ 5 5 5
2 2∙ 5 10 1 4 2∙4 8
∙ 5= = =3 ; 18 ∙ = = . * rogorc
3 3 3 3 99 11 11
tolmniSvneliani, aseve tolmricxveliani da sxvadasxvamniSvneliani wiladebis gayofisas, gasayofi wiladi
mravldeba gamyofi wiladis Sebrunebul wiladze.
3 2 3 5 15 1 5 2 5 9 5 1 3 3 3 5 5 1
magaliTad: ÷ = ∙ = =1 . ÷ = ∙ = =2 . ÷ = ∙ = =1 . * mTeli
7 5 7 2 14 14 9 9 9 2 2 2 4 5 4 3 4 4
ricxvis wiladze gayofisas, mTeli ricxvi mravldeba mocemuli wiladis Sebrunebul wiladze.
2 3 21 1
7 ÷ =7∙ = =10 . * wiladis mTel ricxvze gayofisas, wiladi mravldeba
3 2 2 2
2 2 1 2 9 9 1 3
mocemuli mTeli ricxvis Sebrunebul wiladze. ÷ 3= ∙ = . ÷ 6= ∙ = .
5 5 3 15 10 10 6 20
∎ Sereuli ricxvebis gamravleba da gayofa. * moqmedeba
gamravlebasa da gayofaSi Sereuli ricxvis (an ricxvebis) arsebobisas, mocemul Sereul ricxvebs vaqcevT
arawesier wiladebad. * Sereuli ricxvebis gamravlebisas, saWiroa
mocemuli Sereuli ricxvebi vaqcioT araweiser wiladebad da miRebuli araweiseri wiladebi gavamravloT
wiladebis gamravlebis wesis mixedviT. magaliTad:
6 4 27 14 27 ∙ 2 54 4 1 1 16 9 2 ∙3
3 ∙2 = ∙ = = =10 . 5 ∙1 = ∙ = =6.
7 5 7 5 5 5 5 3 8 3 8 1
* Sereuli ricxvis mTel ricxvze gamravlebisas, Sereul ricxvs vaqcevT arawesier wiladad da gavamravlebT
3 43 43 3 43∙ 3 129 1
mocemul mTel ricxvze. magaliTad: 5 ∙ 12= ∙ 12= ∙12 = = =64 .
8 8 82 2 2 2
* Sereuli ricxvis wiladze gamravlebisas, Sereul ricxvs vaqcevT arawesier wiladad da gavamravlebT
3 2
3 10 33 10 33 10 3 ∙ 2
mocemul wiladze. magaliTad: 6 ∙ = ∙ = ∙ = =6.
5 11 5 11 1 5 11 1 1
* Sereuli ricxvebis gayofisas, mocemuli Sereuli ricxvebi unda vaqcioT araweiser wiladebad da miRebuli
arawesieri wiladebi gavyoT erTimeoreze. (gasayofi wiladi gavamravloT gamyofi wiladis Sebrunebul
3 4 38 19 38 5 2
wiladze). magaliTad: 7 ÷ 3 = ÷ = ∙ = =2. *
5 5 5 5 5 19 1
Sereuli ricxvis mTel ricxvze gayofisas, Sereul ricxvs vaqcevT arawesier wiladad da gavyofT mocemul
mTel ricxvze. (miRebul arawesier wilads gavamravlebT mTeli ricxvis
4 34 34 1 2
Sebrunebul wiladze). magaliTad: 6 ÷ 17= ÷ 17= ∙ = .
5 5 5 17 5
* mTeli ricxvis Sereul ricxvze gayofisas, Sereul ricxvs vaqcevT araweiser wiladad da mocemul mTel
ricxvs gavyofT miRebul wiladze. (mTel ricxvs gavamravlebT miRebuli arawesieri wiladis Sebrunebul
wiladze). magaliTad:
1 46 5 5 1
23 ÷ 9 =23 ÷ =23 ∙ = =2 .
5 5 46 2 2
* Sereuli ricxvis wiladze gayofisas, Sereul ricxvs vaqcevT arawesier wiladad da miRebul arawesier
wilads gavyofT mocemul wiladze. (miRebul arawesier wilads gavamravlebT mocemuli wiladis
Sebrunebul wiladze).
5 2 14 2 14 5 35 8
magaliTad: 1 ÷ = ÷ = ∙ = =3 . * wiladis Sereul
9 5 9 5 9 2 9 9
ricvxze gayofisas, Sereul ricxvs vaqcevT arawesier wiladad da mocemul wilads gavyofT miRebul
araweiser wiladze. (mocemul wilads gavamravlebT miRebuli araweiseri wiladis Sebrunebul wiladze).
12 4 12 24 12 5 1
magaliTad: ÷4 = ÷ = ∙ = .
35 5 35 5 35 24 14
∎ moqmedeba “wiladis gawyveta”. * moqmedeba “wiladis
gawyveta” warmoadgens tolmniSvneliani wiladebis Sekrebis (gamoklebis) sapirispiro moqmedebas.
* gavwyvitoT wiladi niSnavs, mocemuli wiladis mricxveli warmovadginoT jamis (sxvaobis) saxiT da
TiToeuli Sesakrebi (saklebi da maklebi) calk-calke SevafardoT mniSvnelTan. miRebuli tolmniSvneliani
wiladebi CavweroT calkeul SesakrebTa (saklebis da maklebis) saxiT. magaliTad:
2 1 2+1 3
tolmniSvneliani wiladebis Sekrebisas gveqneba: + = = .
7 7 7 7
3 2+ 1 2 1
Sesabamisad, wiladis gawyvetisas ki gveqneba: = = + . agreTve:
7 7 7 7
7 2 7−2 5
tolmniSvneliani wiladebis gamoklebisas gveqneba: − = = . Sesabamisad, wiladis
9 9 9 9
5 7−2 7 2
gawyvetisas ki gveqneba: = = − . * moqmedeba
9 9 9 9
wiladis gawyveta gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva tipis gamosaxulebebSi. ganvixiloT erT-erTi
maTgani. x cvladis romeli naturaluri mniSvnelobebisTvisaa
10−x
gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba mTeli ricxvi? gavwyvitoT
x
10−x 10 x 10
mocemuli wiladi da miviRebT: = − = −1. radganac maklebi miviReT
x x x x
10
naturaluri ricxvi (1), vipoviT x -is im naturalur mniSvnelobebs, romlisTvisac wiladi -is mniSvneloba
x
10
iqneba mTeli. Sesabamisad, wiladi –is mniSvneloba mTeli iqneba
x
x=1 ; x=2 ; x=5da x=10 mniSvnelobebisTvis.

aTwiladebi.
yoveli racionaluri ricxvis warmodgena SesaZlebelia agreTve aTwiladis saxiT. 2,735; 0,49; 45,1;
134,023 . . . * aTwiladebSi mZimis marcxniv daweril nawils
mTeli nawili ewodeba, xolo mZimis marjvniv daweril nawils ki aramTeli nawili ewodeba.
aTwiladis aramTel nawilSi mocemul cifrTa Tanrigebia:

meaTedi meaTasedi measiaTasedi

21, 8 7 9 5 3 4
mTeli nawili measedi meaTiaTasedi memilionedi
* aTwiladi SesaZlebelia warmovadginoT Tanrigovan SesakrebTa jamis saxiT.
7 8 9 4 1
3,78941=3+ 0 ,7 +0 , 08+0,009+0,0004 +0,00001=3+ + + + + .
10 100 1000 10000 100000
* aTwiladis boloSi daweril nulebs azri ar aqvs da Sesabamisad ar vwerT.
0 , 72=0,720=0,7200 … * aTwiladis aramTel
nawilSi, SesaZlebelia romelime cifri an cifrebi, meordebodes usasrulod.
aqedan gamomdinare vityviT, rom aTwiladebia iyofian sasrul da periodul (usasrulo) aTwiladebad.
* aTwiladebs, romelTa aramTel nawilSi arcerTi cifri (ricxvi) ar meordeba usasrulod (periodSi), sasruli
aTwiladi ewodeba. vityviT, rom sasruli aTwiladis aramTel nawilSi moicema cifrTa dasrulebuli Canaweri.
magaliTad: 0 , 7 ; 0,253 ; 4 ,15 ; 29 , 3 ; 306,012 sasruli aTwiladebia.

∎ wiladis gadaqceva aTwiladad. * wiladis aTwiladad

gadaqcevisas, mTeli nawili gadadis ucvlelad. * wiladis aTwiladad
gadasaqcevad, saWiroa mocemuli wiladis mricxveli gavyoT mniSvnelze.

∎ aTwiladis gadaqceva wiladad. * aTwiladis wiladad

gadaqcevisas, mTeli nawili gadadis ucvlelad. * sasruli
aTwiladi udris iseT Cveulebriv wilads, romlis mricxvelia aTwiladis aramTel nawilSi dawerili ricxvi, xolo
mniSvneli ki erTiani imdeni nuliT, ramdeni cifricaa aramTel nawilSi.
9 17 431
magaliTad: 0 , 9= ; 3 ,17=3 ; 17,431=17 .
10 100 1000

∎ aTwiladebis Sedareba. * sassruli aTwiladebis Sedarebisas,

jer edareba mocemuli aTwiladebis mTeli nawilebi, mTeli nawilebis tolobis SemTxvevaSi ki vadarebT
aramTeli nawilis Sesabamisi Tanrigis cifrebs: meaTedebs, measedebs, meaTasedebs da a.S. metia is
aTwiladi, romlis Sesabamisi Tanrigic metia da piriqiT. magaliTad:
4,204 <5,872 radganac pirveli aTwiladis mTeli nawili naklebia meore aTwiladis mTel nawilze.
agreTve: 17,349>17,285 radganac pirveli aTwiladis meaTedis cifri (3) metia meore aTwiladis igive
(meaTedis) Tanrigis cifrze (2).

∎ aTwiladebis Sekreba da gamokleba. * aTwiladebis

Sekrebisas, Sesakrebi aTwiladebis Sesabamisi Tanrigis cifrebi iwereba erTimeoris qveS, Tanmimdevruli
principiT: mTeli nawili iwereba mTeli nawilis qveS, mZime mZimis qveS, meaTedi meaTedis qveS,
measedi measedis qveS da a.S. Sesakreb aTwiladebSi ararsebul TanrigTa Sesavsebad vwerT nulebs da
27,050
vkribavT. magaliTad: + 5,387 ¿¿
0,479
+ ¿¿
23,870 32,437
24,349 * aTwiladisa da mTeli ricxvis Sekrebisas, aTwiladis mTel nawils
emateba mocemuli mTeli ricxvi, xolo aTwiladis aramTeli nawili gadadis ucvleli. Sekrebis
qveSmiweriT Cawerisas mTeli ricxvis aramTel nawilSi vwerT nulebs.
3,057 6 ,00
magaliTad: + 18,000 ¿ ¿ + 25 ,83¿ ¿ 21,057
31 , 83 * aTwiladebis
gamoklebisas, saklebi aTwiladis TiToeuli Tanrigis cifris qveS vwerT maklebi aTwiladis Sesabamisi
Tanrigis cifrebs Tanmimdevruli principiT: mTeli nawili iwereba mTeli nawilis qveS, mZime mZimis
qveS, meaTedi meaTedis qveS, measedi measedis qveS da a.S. mocemul aTwiladebSi ararsebul
37,020
TanrigTa Sesavsebad vwerT nulebs da vaklebT. magaliTad: −18,459 ¿ ¿
153 ,34
− 28 ,70¿ ¿ 18,561
124 , 64 * aTwiladze mTeli ricxvis gamoklebisas, aTwiladis mTel nawils
akldeba mocemuli mTeli ricxvi, xolo aTwiladis aramTeli nawili gadadis ucvleli. gamoklebis
qveSmiweriT Caweris dros mTeli ricxvis aramTel nawilSi vwerT nulebs.
magaliTad: −37,409
9,000 ¿ ¿
4 ,08
−4 ,00¿ ¿ 28,409
0 , 08 * mTeli ricxvidan aTwiladis gamoklebisas, mocemuli mTeli ricxvis
aramTel nawilSi vwerT imden nuls, ramdeni cifricaa aTwiladis aramTel nawilSi da mTeli ricxvis
TiToeuli Tanrigis cifris qveS vwerT maklebi aTwiladis Sesabamisi Tanrigis cifrebs Tanmimdevruli
principiT: mTeli nawili iwereba mTeli nawilis qveS, mZime mZimis qveS, meaTedi meaTedis qveS,
measedi measedis qveS da a.S. da vaklebT. magaliTad:
48,000 129 ,00
− 9,647¿ ¿ − 93 ,08 ¿¿ 38,353
35 , 92 ∎ aTwiladebis gamravleba da gayofa.
* aTwiladebis gamravlebisas, iseve rogorc aTwiladis mTel ricxvze gamravlebisas, mocemuli ricxvebi
mravldeba Cveulebriv, rogorc mTeli ricxvebi da miRebul namravlSi mZime gamoiyofa bolodan
(marjvnidan marcxniv) imden cifrze, ramden cifrzecaa gamoyofili mZime orive TanamamravlSi erTad.
15 ,24 2 ,7
magaliTad: 8 ,5 × ×
0, 8
7620
+¿ 12192 ¿ 2 , 16 129,540=129 ,54

7 , 48 27 ,75
magaliTad: ×
6 12 ×
5550
44 , 88 +¿ 2775 ¿ 233 , 00=233
* aTwiladi rom gavyoT aTwiladze, saWiroa gamyofi aTwiladi vaqcioT mTel ricxvad mZimis marjvniv
bolomde gadataniT. ramden cifrzec gadavitanT mZimes gamyof aTwiladSi, imdenive cifrze gadavitanoT
mZime gasayof aTwiladSic. magaliTad: 78 , 45 ÷ 0 , 15=7845 ÷ 15=523.
43 ,2 ÷ 2 ,7=432 ÷ 27=16. −75 −27
34 162 −30 −162
45 0 −45 0
Tu gasayof aTwiladSi ar gvaqvs mZime imdenive cifrze gadasatani, maSin danarCeni gadatanis nacvlad
vwerT Sesabamisi raodenobis nulebs. mocemul SemTxvevaSi gamyof aTwiladSi mZime
gadasatani gvaqvs or cifrze, xolo gasayof aTwiladSi ki erT cifrze, amitom gasayof aTwiladSi mZimis
gadatanis Semdeg davwerT erT nuls. magaliTad:
1151, 5 ÷ 0 , 49=115150 ÷ 49=2350. 61 , 8 ÷1 , 03=6180÷ 103=60.
−98 −618 171 0 −147
245 −245 0
Tu gasayof aTwiladSi mZime ufro met cifrzea gadasatani, vidre gamyof aTwiladSi, maSin gasayof
aTwiladSi mZimes gadavitanT imden cifrze, ramden cifrzec gadavitanT gamyof aTwiladSi da gayofT.
gasayofi aTwiladis mTeli nawilis gayofis dasrulebis Semdeg, ganayofSi vwerT mZimes da vagrZelebT
gayofas aramTel nawilSi. magaliTad: 2 , 75÷ 0 , 5=27 ,5 ÷ 5=5 ,5.
1 , 89÷ 2 , 7=18 ,9 ÷ 27=0 , 7. −25 −189
25 0 −25 0

* aTwiladis mTel ricxvze gayofisas, gasayofi aTwiladis mTeli nawilis gayofis dasrulebis Semdeg,
ganayofSi vwerT mZimes da vagrZelebT gayofas aramTel nawilSi.
magaliTad: 12,484 ÷ 4=3,121. 37 , 8 ÷ 21=1 , 8. −12
−21 4
168 −4 −168
8 0 −8
4 −4 0
Tu gasayofi aTwiladis mTeli nawili ar iyofa gamyofze, maSin ganayofSi vwerT nul mTels da gayofas
vagrZelebT aramTel nawilSi. magaliTad: 1,638 ÷ 9=0,182
175 , 77 ÷27=6 , 51 −9 −162
73 137 −72 −135
18 27 −18 −27
0 0 * mTeli ricxvi rom gavyoT aTwiladze, saWiroa jer
gamyofi aTwiladi vaqcioT mTel ricxvad mZimis marjvniv, bolomde gadataniT. ramden cifrzec
gadavitanT mZimes gamyof aTwiladSi, imdenive nuli mivuweroT gasayof mTel ricxvs da gavyoT.
magaliTad: 2128 ÷ 0 ,76=212800 ÷ 76=2800 1104 ÷2 , 3=11040 ÷23=480
−152 −92 608 184
−608 −184 0 0