Centroid

Centroid: The center of mass of a geometric object of uniform density.

Derivation of the location of the centroids of a plane triangle:
Y
C 𝑌̅ 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑌𝑑𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝑑𝑦
dy
𝑥2 ∆ CDE & ∆ CAB similar,
𝑥 2 − 𝑥1
𝑥1
D E
h = ℎ−𝑦
y 𝑏 ℎ
B
A
X
=> 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 = 𝑏 (h-y)
ℎ
b ̅𝑌𝐴 = ∫0ℎ 𝑏 (h−y) ydy = 𝑏 ∫0ℎ (hy−𝑦2) dy
ℎ ℎ
Z 2 3
𝑏 𝑦 𝑦 ℎ
= [ℎ − ]
𝑋̅ 𝐴
ℎ 2 3 0
𝑋̅ = =𝑏
𝐴 2 𝑏 ℎ2 ℎ3 𝑏 ℎ3 𝑏ℎ 2
1 = [ℎ − ]= x =
A= bh ℎ 2 3 ℎ 3 6
2
𝑌̅ 𝐴 𝑏ℎ 2 2 ℎ
𝑌̅ = = x =
𝐴 6 𝑏ℎ 3
Y
Y

h
𝑋̅ = r ̅ = 4𝑟
𝑋̅ = 𝑏 𝑌̅ = ℎ 3𝜋
2
2 X
X d = 2r
b
Y
Y

̅ = 4𝑟
3𝜋
α X

̅ = 4𝑟 2 𝑟 𝑆𝑖𝑛∝
3𝜋 𝑋̅ =
3 ∝
X
r
r
Problem-16: Find out the centroid of the following object.
Y

5m

5m
X

2.5 m 5m 2.5 m 2.5 m

 Y

5m
Solution: 3

1 2 X
5m

2.5 m 5m 2.5 m 2.5 m

Segment Area (𝑚2) x̅ (m) y̅ (m) Ax̅ (𝑚3) A̅y (𝑚3)

1 𝜋𝑟 2
= 𝜋 𝑥 2.52
= 9.82 -2.5 - 5 - 4𝑟 = -8.56 0 -84.06 0
2 2 3𝜋

2 10 x 5 = 50 -2.5 0 -125 0
3 0.5 x 5 x 5 = 12.5 0 2.5 + ℎ = 4.17 0 52.125
3
∑ = 72.32 ∑ = - 209.06 ∑ = 52.125

̅ ̅
𝑋̅ = 𝐴x = −209.06 = - 2.89 m 𝑌̅ = 𝐴Y = 52.125 = 0.72 m
𝐴 72.32 𝐴 72.32
Problem-17: Find out the centroid of the following object.
Y
24 x Sin600 = 12 3 m
12 m

600 600
X
24 m

12 m
 Y
24 x Sin600 = 12 3 m
12 m

600
Solution:

X
24 m

600
12 m

Segment Area (𝑚2) ̅x (m) Y̅ (m) AX̅ (𝑚3) AY̅ (𝑚3)

𝜋𝑟 2 2 4𝑟
Half Circle = 𝜋 𝑥 24 = 904.78 - = - 10.19 0 - 9219.71 0
2 2 3𝜋

Triangle 0.5 x 24 x 12 3 = - 249.42 - 12 3

=-4 3 0 + 1728.03 0
3
∑ = 655.36 ∑ = - 7491.68 ∑=0

𝑋̅ = 𝐴 ̅ = − 7491.68 = - 11.43 m ̅
𝑌̅ = 𝐴Y = 0 m
𝐴 655.36 𝐴
Problem-18: Find out the centroid of the following object.

2m

2 3 8m

2m

1
6m
X

9m
 Y
2m
Solution:
1 8m
2
2m
3 6m
X
9m

Segment Area (𝑚2) ̅X (m) Y̅ (m) AX ̅ (𝑚3) AY̅ (𝑚3)

2 2 4𝑟
1 - 𝜋𝑟 = - 𝜋 𝑥 4 = - 25.13 - = - 1.7 6 + 2 + 4 = 12 42.72 - 301.56
2 2 3𝜋

2 9 x 12 = 108 9
- = - 4.5 6 + 12 = 12 -486 1296
2 2
2
3 0.5 x 9 x 6 = 27 -2x9=-6 x6=4 -162 108
3 3

∑ = 109.87 ∑ = - 600.28 ∑ = 1102.44

̅X
𝑋̅ = 𝐴 = − 600.28 = - 5.46 m 𝑌̅ = 𝐴Y̅ = 1102.44 = 10.03 m
𝐴 109.87 𝐴 109.87
Problem-19: Find out the centroid of the following object.

600
X
600
 Y
A
C
Solution:
O 300
X
300
D

Segment Area (𝑚2) X̅ (m) Y̅ (m) AX ̅ (𝑚3) A Y ̅ (𝑚3)

0
𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋 𝑥 62 2
Arc = = 18.85
3
x 4 30
𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛30
𝑥 𝜋
= 3.82 0 72 0
OAB 6 6
180
0
𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋 𝑥 42
Arc - =- = - 8.38 2
x 430
𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛30
= 2.54 0 - 21.29 0
6 6 3 𝑥 𝜋
OCD 180

∑ = 10.47 ∑ = 50.71 ∑ =0
̅
𝑋̅ = 𝐴X = 50.71 = 4.84m 𝑌̅ = 𝐴Y
̅
=0m
𝐴 10.47 𝐴
Problem-20: Find out the centroid of the following object.

Y
F G
4"
A C H

16" 20" X
E

I
B D 4"
J
10" 8" 6" 12"
Solution: Segment Area (𝑖𝑛2) ̅ (in) A ̅ (𝑖𝑛3)
AKMB 24 x 16 = 384 -12 - 24 = - 24 - 9216
2
AEB - 0.5 x 16 x 10 = - 80 - 26 - 2 x 10 = - 32.67 2613.6
3
CFK & DLM 2 x 0.5 x 6 x 4 = 24 - 12 - 6 = - 14 - 336
3
FGJM 12 x 28 = 336 - 12 = - 6 - 2016
2
𝜋𝑟 2 10 2 - 4𝑟
HIN - =-𝜋𝑥 = - 157.08 = - 4.24 666.02
2 2 3𝜋

∑ = 506.92 ∑ = 8288.38
Y
F G
A C 4" ̅X= Ax̅ = 8288.38 = 16.35 ft.
K H A 506.92
16" 20"
E N X For Symmetry,
L
D I
4" ̅Y= 0 ft.
B M
J
10" 8" 6" 12"
Problem-21: Find out the centroid of the following object.

A B

4"
E
G
X

4" F

D C
4" 6"
 Y
Solution: A B
9.12
̅X= Ax̅ = = 0.21 in.
4" A 43.44
E G
X For Symmetry,
F
4" ̅Y= 0 ft.

D C
4" 6"
Segment Area (𝑖𝑛2) ̅ (in) A ̅ (𝑖𝑛3)
ABCD 4 X 8 = 32 -2 - 64

ABE 𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋 𝑥 22 -2 12.56
- =- = - 6.28
2 2

CDF 𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋 𝑥 22 -2 12.56
- =- = - 6.28
2 2
6
BCG 0.5 x 6 x 8 = 24 =2 48
3

∑ = 43.44 ∑ = 9.12
Problem-22: Find out the centroid of the following object.

D
B

2.5"
F
X
A
2.5"

C
E
4" 3" 2" 3"
 Y
B D ̅X= Ax̅ = 200 = 8 in.
Solution: A 25
2.5"
F For Symmetry,
A X
2.5"
̅ = 0 ft.
Y
C
E
4" 3" 2" 3"

Segment Area (𝑖𝑛2) ̅ (in) A ̅ (𝑖𝑛3)

ABC 0.5 X 3 X 5 = 7.5 4+2X3=6 45
3
BDEC 5 X 5 = 25 4 + 3 + 2.5 = 9.5 237.5

DEF - 0.5 X 3 X 5 = - 7.5 4 + 5 + 2 X 3 = 11 - 82.5

3

∑ = 25 ∑ = 200
Problem-23: Find out the centroid of the following object.

40 mm
80 mm

X
60 mm

120 mm
 Y

Solution:
40 mm ̅𝑋 = 𝐴𝑥̅ = 763699 = 54.83 mm
𝐴 13928
80 mm

X ̅
𝑌̅ = 𝐴 = 516785 = 37.10 mm
60 mm 𝐴 13928

120 mm

Segment Area (𝑚𝑚2) ̅ (mm) ̅ (mm) A ̅ (𝑚𝑚3) A̅ (𝑚𝑚3)

𝜋𝑟 2 80 + 4𝑟 = 105.46
2
Semi-Circle = 𝜋 𝑥 60 = 5754.87 60 345292 606909
2 2 3𝜋

Full-Circle -𝜋𝑟2 = -𝜋 𝑥 402 = -5026.55 60 80 - 301593 - 402124

Rectangle 120 x 80 = 9600 60 40 576000 384000

Triangle 0.5 x 120 x 60 = 3600 120
= 40 - 60 = - 20 144000 - 72000
3 3
∑ = 13928 ∑ = 763699 ∑ = 516785
Problem-24: Find out the centroid of the following object.

300 mm

60 mm

80 mm 400 mm

60 mm
X
100 mm
 Y
For Symmetry,
Solution:
300 mm ̅X = 0 mm.
60 mm 3
̅Y = AY̅ = 11320000
= 244 mm.

400 mm
2 A 46400

280 mm
80 mm

60 mm 1 Segment Area (𝑚𝑚2) ̅ (mm) A̅ (𝑚𝑚3)

X 1 100 x 60 = 6000 30 180000

100 mm
2 280 x 80 = 22400 60 + 140 = 200 4480000
3 300 x 60 = 18000 400 – 30 = 370 6660000
∑ = 46400 ∑ = 11320000

400−60−60
60 𝑥 100 𝑥 30+80 𝑥 400−60−60 𝑥 60+ 2
+60 𝑥 300 𝑥 [400−30]
y= = 244 mm
60 𝑥 300+80 𝑥 400−60−60 +60 𝑥 100