UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y EDUCACIÓN

LICENCIATURA EN QUÍMICA
QUÍMICA ANALITICA

Laboratory Practical Report: precipitation volumetry

Group members:
Miguel Ángel Roldan Martin – 20211150027
Diego Alejandro Matamoros – 20182150028
Teacher:
Jesus Alvaro Jimenez Montoya

OBJECTIVES Become familiar with titration

techniques: Titration is a fundamental
Determine the concentration of
technique in analytical chemistry. The
chlorides in an unknown sample: One of
practice of argentometry allows students to
the most common objectives of
become familiar with the principles and
argentometry is to quantify the
techniques of titration, as well as with the
concentration of chloride ions in a sample,
use of burettes, pipettes and other
such as drinking water, seawater,
laboratory equipment.
wastewater or other liquids.
ABSTRACT
Evaluate the precision and accuracy of
the technique: The practice of The practice of argentometry is a common
argentometry provides an opportunity for technique in analytical chemistry used to
students to evaluate the precision and determine the concentration of silver ions
accuracy of the technique by comparing in a sample and, more commonly, to
the results obtained with known reference quantify the concentration of chlorides in
values or with results obtained by other an unknown sample. During the practical,
analytical methods. standard solutions of silver nitrate
(AgNO₃) and samples containing the ions
of interest, such as chlorides, are prepared.
Titration is carried out by gradually adding
the silver nitrate solution to the sample
under controlled conditions, usually in the
presence of a suitable indicator to detect
the end point of the reaction. The end point
is reached when all the chloride ions have
reacted with the silver ions to form a silver
chloride precipitate (AgCl). The amount of
silver nitrate used in the titration correlates
with the concentration of chlorides in the
sample, allowing its quantification.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Argentometry is a technique used in
analytical chemistry to determine the
concentration of silver ions in a sample. It
is particularly useful in the determination
of chlorides and other anions that form
insoluble precipitates with silver ions.
The argentometric technique involves the
formation of a silver chloride (AgCl)
precipitate, which is insoluble in water.
The formation of this precipitate is
exploited to determine the amount of
chloride ions present in the sample. The
basic chemical reaction that occurs is:
The silver in the form of Ag⁺ ions
generally comes from a silver nitrate
(AgNO₃) solution, while chloride ions
(Cl⁻) can be present in the sample of
interest, such as in the determination of
chlorides in seawater, wastewater, or other
matrices.
The amount of chloride present in the
sample is typically determined by titration,
where a standard solution of silver nitrate
(AgNO₃) of known concentration is added
to the sample containing chloride ions. As
the silver nitrate solution is added, the
silver chloride precipitate forms. Titration
continues until one of the reagents is
exhausted, which is detected using an
indicator or specific electrode. The amount
of silver nitrate used in the titration
provides information about the amount of
chloride ions present in the sample.
Argentometry is commonly used in water
analysis, food analysis, pharmaceutical
analysis, and other fields where it is
important to determine the concentration
of chloride ions or other anions that form
insoluble precipitates with silver. It is a
valuable technique due to its simplicity,
precision, and sensitivity.
MATERIALS AND REAGENTS
● AgNO₃
● NaCl
● 1 beaker 250mL
● 1 tripod
● 1 graduated pipette of 10 mL
● wash bottle
 ● volumetric burette
● aluminum foil
● burette tongs
PROCEDURE
Preparation of solutions:
● Prepare a standard solution of
silver nitrate (AgNO₃) of known
concentration. This solution will be
used for titration.
● Prepare the sample containing the
ions of interest, such as a sodium
chloride (NaCl) solution of
unknown concentration.
Title:
Determination of the end point:
● Determines the end point of the
titration, which is the point at
which the chloride present in the
sample has completely reacted with
the silver nitrate solution.
● This can be detected visually (by a
color change if an indicator is
used) or by a reading on a
measuring instrument.
RESULTS
The following image represents the
results obtained

● Place the sample in a volumetric

flask or Erlenmeyer and add the
indicator
● Add an appropriate indicator if it is
to be used to detect the end point of
the titration.
● Begin the titration by adding the
standard silver nitrate (AgNO₃)
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
solution from a burette with
After performing the analysis of the results
constant stirring.
obtained in the argentometry practice,
● Watch for any changes in the
several types of analysis can be carried
sample, such as the formation of a
out, including:
white precipitate (AgCl), which
indicates that chloride ions are
Precision and Accuracy Analysis: the
being depleted.
precision and accuracy of the results can
● Continue adding the silver nitrate
be evaluated by comparing them with
solution until you see a permanent
known reference values or with results
change in the sample, such as a
obtained by other analytical methods. This
color change if an indicator is used.
helps to determine the reliability of the
technique used.
Interpretation of Timeliness: The end
point of the titration, which is the point at
which the chloride ions in the sample have
completely reacted with the silver nitrate
solution, should be determined. This can
be accomplished visually by a color
change if an indicator is used, or by a
measuring instrument.
Comparison with Objectives: The results
obtained can be compared with the initial
objectives of the practical, such as the
determination of the chloride
concentration in the unknown sample. This
helps to verify if the established objectives
were achieved.
CONCLUSIONS
Argentometry is generally used for the
determination of chloride in a sample,
since it is a type of titration involving the
silver ion. In this procedure, the test
solution is titrated with a silver nitrate
solution. Chloride anions react with silver
cations to produce insoluble silver
chloride, and the results are expressed as
% of chloride ions in the sample.
REFERENCES
● Análisis Químico Cualitativo.
Prácticas de Laboratorio.
Departamento de Química.
Universidad Nacional. 2006.
● BRUMBLAY, R. Análisis
Cualitativo. CECSA, Nueva York,
1989.
● S, A. J., Jesús, H. M., & F, L. C.
(2002). Química analítica
cualitativa. Ediciones Paraninfo,
S.A.
● Ayres, G. H. (1977). Análisis
químico cuantitativo.
● Harris, D. C. (2001). Análisis
químico cuantitativo. Reverte.
● OSPINA G., G.A; GARCÍA
DE O., J. J.; MARTINEZ Y.,
P. N. Gravimetría y volumetría.
Fundamentación experimental en
Química. Primera edición.
ElizcomEditores, Armenia, 2010.