Cannabis Certificate Jan 2018

Cannabis Medicine
for herbalists and other people
with Jeananne Laing, Cannabis Educator

Master/Clinical Herbalist
Integrative Nutrition Health Coach
email: jeananne@enhealthment.com
website: jeanannelaing.com
Disclaimer
This workshop is for educational purposes only
and does not substitute for advice from a qualified
health care provider.
Even though cannabis has been used as medicine

for millennia, modern day scientific knowledge
about the therapeutic benefits of cannabis is
constantly evolving.
The information in this workshop may become

outdated as new information is discovered.
and more disclaimer
Each person reacts differently to

cannabis. What works for your friend
may be extremely uncomfortable for you.
Remember the cannabis mantra:
Start low. Go slow.

shout out to the growers!
💚 thank you 💚
Long history of use
In the ancient world cannabis was used for fibre, food,
medicine, as well as social and religious rites
Assyrians called cannabis:
“Gan zi gun nu” which means “the drug which takes
away the mind”
“Azallu” was used to treat an unidentified disease
described as “hand of the ghost”
also used to treat “the poison of all limbs” … possibly
arthritis
Endocannabinoids: The Brain and Body’s Marijuana and Beyond 2006

edited by Emmanuel S Onaivi, Takayuki Sugiura, Vincenzo Di Marzo
Long history of use
Chinese name for Cannabis is ‘Ma”
Shen-Nung (c.2700 B.C.) used Ma in the treatment of
weak or absent yin, malaria, gout, rheumatism, malaria,
beri-beri (B1 deficiency), digestive issues including
constipation, and ‘absentmindedness’ (Abel, 1980)
Hua T’o, a Chinese surgeon, used cannabis as an
anesthetic in combination with wine during the 2nd
century AD.
Endocannabinoids: The Brain and Body’s Marijuana and Beyond 2006

edited by Emmanuel S Onaivi, Takayuki Sugiura, Vincenzo Di Marzo
Uses prior to prohibition
Analgesic
Anti-seizure medication
To help break addictions
To treat sexual dysfunction
was also routinely used in
veterinary medicine for to
dress wounds, relieve pain
and ease digestive issues
Pharmaceutical Products
Early 20th century cannabis
medicine
some of the medicine
included questionable
ingredients in today’s
standards:
strychnia sulphide (cns
stimulant and often used
to quell cholera
epidemics)
zinc phosphid: also a cns
stimulant?
both now used as rodent Circa 1915
Image from
poison @CannabisMuseum
Instagram
Marijuana
root of the word originates in Mexican Spanish
language
it was not used in the english language until late
19th century
a foreign sounding word that the USA propaganda
machine used to ostracize legal Mexican
immigrants and the cannabis they brought with
them
Propaganda
“Marijuana is the most violence-causing drug in the
history of mankind… Most marijuana smokers are
Negroes, Hispanics, Filipinos and entertainers. Their
satanic music, jazz and swing, result from marijuana
usage.”
“Reefer makes darkies think they’re as good as white

men…the primary reason to outlaw marijuana is its
effect on the degenerate races.”
… Harry Anslinger,
first director of Federal Bureau of Narcotics
cira1930
Reefer Madness
Lets give Cannabis back
its proper name!
Complex Medicine
medicine from the cannabis plant is complex and
multilayers
we must look at each strains profile in terms of:
cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids
individual strains have varying profiles of each of these
it is these complex profiles that create unique, and
probably unlimited, medicinal possibilities
not a one-size-fits-all medicine
future will show cannabis can be highly individualized
to best fit the user’s goals
Complex Medicine
The Medicine The User
sativa? indica? hybrid? Disease process?
strain? Health Goals?
THC to CBD ratios? Age? Gender?
Cannabinoid profile? Genetics?
Terpene Profile Health history?
Flavonoid profile? Dosage?
Intake method? Intake method?
Basic Cannabis Medicine
Analgesic (reduces pain) Neuroprotective
Anti-inflammatory Neurogenesis
Anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) Anti-cancer
Anti-insomnia (manage End of life comfort
sleep disorders) (physical & spiritual)
Antiemetic (manage Focusing agent
nausea/vomiting) Creative Stimulent
Appetite stimulant
Antispasmodic
Anticonvulsant
Antioxidant
The Cannabis Plant
Cannabis sativa
tall plants with slow
growth patterns and
narrow leaves
energetic and uplifting
effects
Walther OFo Müller [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

hFps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Cannabis_saSva_Koehler_drawing.jpg
Cannabis indica
short, stocky plants with
broad leaves
sedative and physically
relaxing strains
often produces a heavy-
bodied, numbing
sensation
hFps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indica_leaf.jpg#file
Cannabis ruderalis
the wild cousin
short but fast maturing
plant
low amounts of THC
contains some CBD
important in breeding as it
is not dependant on light
cycles to flower
hFps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indica_leaf.jpg#file
Hemp
best known for nutritious
seeds and fibrous stalks
many new hemp products
will be in our future,
including hemp ‘plastic’,
paper and textiles
CBD products derived
from hemp are a cheaper
alternative to cannabis
derived CBD however
they may lack the
‘entourage’ effect and not
be as effective
Summary of Strain Categories
Indica Dominent Sativa Dominent Hybrid CBD
relaxing energizing properties of mostly non-
sedating uplifting both Indica psychoactive
pain relief pain relief & Sativa (watch for
sleep focus/ THC
daytime content)
daytime
anxiolytic
Strain Categories
for better or worse these
categories (sativa, indica,
hybrid) don’t mean as
much as they used to due
to cross breeding for
specific traits
Sativa Indica Mantra
Sunny Sativa. In-da-couch Indica.
Sun And Moon by Jessica Kauffman. https://fineartamerica.com/featured/sun-and-moon-jessica-kauffman.html

Cola refers to the flowering
tops
Fan leaves grow out of the
cola and are trimmed prior to
sale
Pistils catch the pollen from
the male plant )however the
female plants are prevented
from being pollinated.) Pistils
usually start out white, and
turn orange/red, sometimes
darker colours as the plant
matures
Trichomes - sticky parts that
contain much of the
medicine
Trichomes
Trichomes are the sticky
resinous pods that cover
the plant
The cannabinoids and
terpenes (therapeutic
agents) are mostly found
in the trichomes
By Psychonaught [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

hFps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Trichomes_Close_Cannabis.jpg
Raphael Mechoulam
Israeli chemist
often described as the father of cannabis medicine
‘The Scientist’ documentary on YouTube
Endocannabinoid System
abbreviation: ECS
an important biological system
vital to our health and well-being
main purpose is to maintain/regain homeostasis
also involved in many complex regulatory processes
FUN FACT: the human ECS was not ‘discovered’ until the
1980s, even though cannabinoid receptors are found in the
earliest organisms to appear on earth, some 600 million
years ago,!
Endocannabinoid System
ECS consists of 3 main components:
1. cannabinoid receptors
2. cannabinoids that interact with the receptors
3. enzymes that either create or degrade the cannabinoids
Backes, Michael Cannabis Pharmacy 2017

Cannabinoid Receptors
cannabinoid receptors are found in very primitive
organisms and are almost identical to human receptors
activated through the action of cannabinoids
many cannabinoid receptors have so far been identified
however the two primary types are referred to as ‘CB1’
and ‘CB2’
these receptors have both separate and overlapping roles
within the body
FUN FACT: insects do not have cannabinoid receptors!
The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

cannabinoid receptors are mainly involved in
neurotransmitter activity
they are also important for fat metabolism, energy
production, inflammation, insulin sensitivity and immunity
regulation
and likely much more yet to be discovered/confirmed

Generally speaking both CB1 and CB2
receptors are involved in how we perceive pain
CB1 receptors tend to influence our senses;
things like appetite, memory and pain
CB2 receptors tend to influence our immune
response, including the inflammatory response
CB1 receptors are primarily found in:
Central nervous system (brain & spinal cord)
Reproductive system (testes, uterus)
Adipose tissue
Connective Tissue
Endocrine glands (pineal, pituitary, pancreas, ovaries,
testes, thyroid, parathyroid, hypothalamus, adrenals)
Exocrine glands
Leukocytes
Spleen
Heart
GI tract
Liver
Areas of the brain with high amounts
of CB1 receptors:
cerebellum (motor control, attention,
emotions and thinking)
basal ganglia (habits)
hippocampus (memory)
there is a very low concentration of
cannabinoid receptors in the brain stem, the area
of the brain that controls cardiorespiratory
function. This is why high doses of cannabis won’t
shut down breathing or stop the heart. [see
Adverse Effects slide regarding risks for people with
advanced cardio-pulmonary disease.]
CB2 Receptor Locations:
Primarily found in the immune system
monocytes
macrophages
B-cells
T-cells
Liver
Spleen
Tonsils
CNS
Enteric nervous system (in the gut)

Depending on which
cannabinoid activates
the receptor, different
things can happen
in other words:
depending on what key
(cannabinoid) is used,
the door (receptor) will
open to a different room
(activate different
activities)

3 Types of Cannabinoids
Endocannabinoids: created by the body, in the body
(endo = of the body)
examples: AEA & 2-AG
Phytocannabinoids: Plants, especially cannabis, also
contain cannabinoids (phyto = plant)
examples: THC & CBD
Synthetic Cannabinoids: created in a lab to specifically
target cannabinoid receptors
examples: HU-210 & WIN55,212

Endocannabinoids
the two most studied endocannabinoids are:
Anandamide (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
Anandamide is also
known as the ‘Bliss’
molecule
hFps://emedicine.medscape.com/arScle/1361971-overview#a3

Functions of the ECS
memory & learning inflammation
decision making appetite
reward perception pain
emotions blood pressure
digestion bone growth
motor function connective tissue health
immune response nerve protectant
Backes, Michael Cannabis Pharmacy 2017

Endocannabinoid Activity
NERVOUS SYSTEM:
modulates the HPA (hypothalamic, pituitary, adrenal axis)
calms activity in the parasympathetic nervous system,
(likely providing the antiemetic effects)
heart rate and strength of the heart beat
vasodilation leading to anti-hypertension
heart protectant during ischemia events
2-AG and AEA are neuroprotective agents created on
demand in the case of injury or trauma to the brain
THC, CBD, AEA, 2-AG and HU-210 reduce seizure
activity and limit damage caused by stroke

Endocannabinoid Activity
PAIN:
dampens the perception in the three major types of
pain:
acute pain
inflammatory pain
neuropathic pain
this activity works through the central nervous system,
the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system
After injury increased levels of CB2 receptors are found
in peripheral nerves and other tissue

BRAIN:
CB1 is the most common g-protein receptor in the
brain
Has an effect on:
short-term memory
cognition
mood & emotion
motor function
nociception (the perception of pain)

BRAIN (continued):
Important neuroprotective role (especially after injury)
and in neuroplasticity including neurogenesis
(formation of new brain cells)
Neuroplasticity:
the brain's ability to form new neural connections
throughout life
how the brain compensates for injury and disease
helps neutrons in the brain adjust in response to
new situations such as Adaptive learning - i.e.
relearning how to walk after a stroke

BONE FORMATION:
slows osteoclast activity
increases osteoblast activity
CONNECTIVE TISSUE HEALTH:

CB1 receptors increase in connective tissue when
exposed to inflammatory factors, helping to decrease
tissue inflammation
cannabinoids are shown to modulate fascial
remodelling (perhaps lessoning formation of scar
tissue)
prevent cartilage destruction

IMMUNE SYSTEM MODULATION:
up regulate or down regulate immune factors
can increase T cells (cell-mediated immunity), B cells
(antibody immunity), and NK cells (a type of white
blood cell)

NEOPLASM:
Cannabinoids have been shown to inhibit tumour growth in
several cell lines including:
breast carcinoma uterine carcinoma
prostate carcinoma thyroid epithelium
colorectal carcinoma pancreatic
gastric adenocarcinoma adenocarcinoma
skin carcinoma cervical carcinoma
leukemia oral cancel
glioblastoma & other billiary tract cancer
CNS tumours lymphoma
lung carcinoma

NEOPLASM (continued)
- several mechanisms of action:
induces apoptosis
suppress tumour angiogenesis (formation of new
blood vessels)
selective anti-tumour activity
limit adhesion and migration

EMBRYOLOGY:
involved in cell growth and cell differentiation
REGULATION OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:

regulates gastric acid production & secretion through
toning of the lower esophageal sphincter
modulates intestinal motility
reduces inflammation in the GI tract
delay in gastric emptying

LIVER FUNCTION:
in cases of injury, both CB1 and CB2 receptors up-
regulate in various types of liver cells
differing mechanisms of CB1 and CB2 have opposite
effects on liver fibrosis:
CB1 activation can help with liver regeneration in
cases of inflammation and injury, however it can
also increases fibrogenesis
CB2 also helps with liver regeneration, and can
counteract the progression of fibrosis

APPETITE AND EATING:
human milk contains endocannabinoids
studies show that blocking the CB1 receptors in new
born mice they stop suckling and die
ECS modulates metabolism via various singling
pathways (ghrelin, leptin,etc)

Endocannabinoid Deficiency?
A proposed condition that may be
responsible for common health conditions:
migraines
irritable bowel syndrome
fibromyalgia
sleeping disorders
unexplained nausea
PTSD
chronic inflammation
autoimmune disorders
chronic pain
accelerated aging
MS, Huntington’s & Parkinson’s
anorexia
PMS
schizophrenia
Russo EB. 2008. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): can this concept explain therapeuSc benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel
syndrome and other treatment-resistant condiSons?; The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO
Endocannabinoid Deficiency
The Endocannabinoid Deficiency theory makes sense
given that when people who suffer with fibromyalgia,
migraines, and irritable bowel syndrome use
supplemental cannabinoids (cannabis medicine) their
conditions improve
Russo EB. 2008. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): can this concept explain therapeuSc benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel
syndrome and other treatment-resistant condiSons?; The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO
Endocannabinoid Deficiency
Metabolic Syndrome?
in obesity, adipocytes produce excessive amounts of
cannabinoids, driving CB1receptors into a type of
dysfunction which leads to metabolic syndrome (pre-
diabetes)
note that both obesity and type 2 diabetes are seen
less often in long-term, heavy cannabis use (however
that is not an excuse for heavy cannabis users to eat
poorly as other health conditions can also result from
inadequate nutrition!)

Cannabinoids
So far upwards of 200+ cannabinoids have been identified
in the cannabis plant. We will look at just 9 of these.
CBC (cannabichromene)
CBD (cannabidiol)
CBDA (cannabidiolic acid)
CBDV (cannabidivarin)
CBG (Cannabigerol)
CBN (cannabinol)
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)
THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid)
THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin)
Cannabinoids - THC
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Psychoactive at just below therapeutic
Analgesic (reduces pain) doses THC increases
Antiemetic (manage production of
nausea/vomiting) endocannabinoids in
Sleep aid the brain
Appetite stimulant microdosing THC
Antispasmodic enhances pain relief
Anticonvulsant from endocannabinoids
Antioxidant (in mice)
Anti-cancer

Cannabinoids - THC
Dosage is key!
when dosing is below a certain dose threshold,
most people will sensitize to THC and over time
actually require a lower dose with greater
therapeutic benefits (see microdosing)
however if that certain dose threshold is exceeded
they build tolerance to THC and require larger
doses
in some cases we want the patient to build a
tolerance to THC side-effects so they can handle
taking larger doses (cancer, extreme pain)

Cannabinoids - THC
Δ9 THC is the form of THC in heated cannabis (see
boiling chart)
some Δ8 THC is created in the plant …however
when we ingest Δ9 THC the body changes it into
Δ8 THC which has much more potent psychoactive
properties

Cannabinoids - CBD
Cannabidiol Anti-tumour
Non-psychoactive Anti-proliferant
Analgesic (reduces pain) Bone Stimulant
Anti-inflammatory Immune modulating
Anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) Vasorelaxant
Neuroprotective Antipsychotic
Anti-epileptic Anti-biotic
Antispasmodic
Anticonvulsant
Antioxidant

Cannabinoids - CBD
works with a wide range of receptors (not just CB1
and CB2)
very few side effects
counteracts some of the psychoactivity of THC, as
well as THC induced anxiety (keep some handy as a
first aid to THC overwhelm)
studies into CBD’s effectiveness as an antibiotic
against MSRA show promise

Cannabinoids as Antioxidants
and Neuroprotectants

Cannabinoids as Antioxidants
and Neuroprotectants
The authors of the patent suggest
the potential benefit of using
cannabinoids to alleviate
symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis,
Alzheimers, Parkinson's,
Huntington, and other
neurodegenerative conditions

Cannabinoids - CBC
Cannabichromene
Non-psychoactive
Anti-biotic
Anti fungal
Antiviral
Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Stimulates bone growth
Increases neurogenesis (development of new brain cells)
10 times more effective than CBD in treating anxiety and
stress

Cannabinoids - CBC
the acidic (unheated) form of CBC, called CBCA
(Cannabichromenic acid) forms in the immature
flowers, about six weeks before maturity
Study shows that CBC increases neurogenesis
(development of new brain cells):
The effect of cannabichromene on adult neural
stem/progenitor cells. Noriko Shinjyo, VincenzoDi
Marzo. 2013

Cannabinoids - CBG & CBGA
Cannabigerol & Cannabigerolic acid
Non-psychoactive
the precursor to CBG, is CBGA
CBGA is also the precursor to all the other acid
cannabinoids (THCA, THCVA, CBDA, CBDVA, CBCA,
CBCVA)
CBGA is present in the developing plant … however
not much remains in the fully mature plant
Early studies show it may prove to stimulate brain cell
and bone growth and shows promise as an anti-
bacterial and anti-insomnia medicine

Cannabinoids - CBG & CBGA
Cannabigerol & Cannabigerolic acid (continued)
Early studies found to stimulate brain cell and bone
growth
Demonstrates promise as an anti-bacterial and anti-
insomnia medicine
strong appetite stimulant
in mice models, shown to be an effective treatment for
IBS
antibacterial
shows promise as an antitumour agent, especially in
cases of prostate and oral cancers

Cannabinoids - CBN
Cannabinol
Mildly to non-psychoactive
This cannabinoid is not produced by the cannabis
plant, but occurs as a result of THC degradation, i.e. it
is found in abundance in older samples of cannabis
flowers and resin
Most sedating of all the cannabinoids
Demonstrates promise in treating glaucoma, and pain
and may prove effective agains MRSA infections

Cannabinoids - CBDV
Cannabidivarin
Non-psychoactive
Slightly degraded form of CBD
Anti-epileptic
Anti-nausea
shows promise on its own as an anticonvulsant, and
seems to work synergistically with CBD

Cannabinoids - THCV
Tetrahydrocannabivarin
Strongly psychoactive, but lasts about half the time of
THC
Pronounced energetic effects
May effectively counter anxiety, stress, & panic
disorders without suppressing emotion
Reduces tremors associated with Alzheimer’s,
Parkinson’s, and other neurological disorders
Diminishes appetite

2 Acid Cannabinoids
CBDA (cannabidiolic acid)
THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid)
Non-psychoactive for most people

the ‘raw’ cannabinoids
Anti-inflammatory
Antioxidant
Anticancer
Strong immune booster
Improved intestinal function
Improved neural function
Neuroprotective
Rebuilds bone
2 Acid Cannabinoids
The body does not convert THCA to THC
(that happens through a heating process
outside the body)
However, the body can convert CBDA
into CBD, especially when taking juice
from the fresh leaves
Drinking juiced fresh cannabis leaves
creates up to 4x more serum CBD than
other methods of consumption
juice has a short shelf life 4-12 hours
If freezing the juice to preserve shelf-life,
a little water or another juice needs to be
added (it doesn’t freeze well on its own)
Best consumed with other fresh juices
Cannabinoid Lifecycle
Aunt Zelda’s Lifecycle of cannabinoids © 2016

https://auntzeldas.org/
Synthetic Cannabinoids
lab created to specifically target cannabinoid receptors
HU-210 - created in 1988 by Dr Mechoulam’s team
100s x more potent and longer acting than plant THC
used as an antidepressant, anti-anxiety & analgesic
shown to prevent the inflammation of Alzheimer’s
disease
WIN 55,212 - in rat studies shown to be a potent
analgesic for neuropathic pain
CAUTION! many who take these potent drugs
recreationally end up with psychiatric conditions.
hFps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIN_55,212-2; hFps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HU-210
Synthetic Cannabis Drugs
Sativex (THC & CBD from cannabis plant extract)
analgesic for cancer pain
spasticity from MS
Dronabinol / Marinol (Synthetic Delta-9 THC.)
nausea/vomiting associated with cancer treatments
appetite stimulant for AIDS patients
analgesic for neuropathic pain in MS patients
Nabilone / Cesamet (similar to THC but much stronger)
nausea/vomiting associated with cancer treatments
Dexanabinol (synthetic non-psychoactive cannabinoid)
neuroprotective after cardiac surgery
regain high level functioning (such as regaining memory)
after brain injury
possible anti-cancer use (solid tumour) in future
Other Influences on ECS
NSAIDS block the degradation of AEA (anadamide)
Acetaminophen when broken down by the liver, mimics
some of the actions of AEA
Probiotics increase CB2 receptors in the colon (mice)
Curcumin elevates brain nerve growth factor
Echinacea increases activity of CB2 receptors (immunity)
Copal incense high affinity for both CB1 and CB2
receptors
Black Pepper via CB2 activity protective effect in both
colitis and nephrotoxicity
Ethanal down-regulates the ECS, except in areas of the
brain involved in reward & motivation (especially chronic
and binge drinking)
Lifestyle & Your ECS
Exercise
voluntary exercise at medium to high intensity
increases ECS signaling, and increases serum AEA
‘runner’s high’ likely an effect of the ECS
forced exercise has the opposite effect
Social Play
increases CB1 activity in the amygdala
Chronic Stress
chronic stress impairs proper functioning of the ECS via
decreased AEA and 2-AG

Bodywork & Your ECS
Electroacupuncture
increases AEA in skin
up regulates CB2 receptors in skin
Osteopathic Manipulation
serum levels of AEA more than doubled after a session,
with no change in the control subjects
these same results have been seen with other types of

body work

Terpenes
aromatic oils found in all
plants
give plants their distinctive
smells
Terpenes have a
physiological action in the
body
Terpenes
Caryophyllene
analgesic
antibacterial
antidepressant
anti-inflammatory
anti-proliferative (inhibits
cancer cell growth)
antioxidant
anxiolytic (anti-anxiety)
neuroprotective (slows
damage to the nervous
system and brain)
also found in black pepper,
cloves, hops, rosemary, and
basil
Terpenes
Humulene
analgesic
antibacterial
anti-inflammatory
cancer cell growth)
anorectic (appetite
suppressant, promotes
weight loss)
also found in hops, sage and
ginseng
Terpenes
Limonene
antidepressant
anti-fungal
anti-Inflammatory
cancer cell growth)
anxiolytic (relieves anxiety)
reduces acid reflux
immunostimulant
also found in the rinds of
citrus fruit
Terpenes
Linalool
analgesic
antidepressant
reduces seizures and
convulsions
anti-inflammatory
anxiolytic (relieves anxiety)
sedative
required for the body to
make vitamin E
also found in lavender
Terpenes
Myrcene
analgesic
antibacterial
helps mitigate the effects of
diabetes
anti-inflammatory
sleep aid
anti-proliferative/anti-
mutagenic (inhibits cell
mutation, including cancer
cells)
antispasmodic
also found in mangos, hops,
and sweet basil
Terpenes
Pinene
analgesic
antibacterial
anti-inflammatory
cancer cell growth)
antioxidant
helps with focus &
concentration
bronchodilator
may counteract THC
induced short-term memory
loss and paranoia
also found in pine trees and
rosemary
Terpenes
Terpineol
antibiotic
antioxidant
cancer cell growth)
sedative (mild)
anti-inflammatory
antimalarial
anxiolytic (anti-anxiety)
also found in lilacs, pine
trees, lime blossoms, and
eucalyptus sap
Terpenes
Terpinolene
antibacterial
anti-fungal
sleep aid
cancer cell growth)
antioxidant
also found in apple, cumin,
lilac and tea tree
Flavonoids
a group of phytonutrients found in fruits and vegetables
like terpenes, each flavonoid contributes to the healing
profile of a cannabis strain
Cannaflavin A:
unique to cannabis
strong anti-inflammatory
Quercetin:
also found berries, green tea and red wine
antioxidant, antiviral, and some anticancer properties
Apigenin:
also found in chamomile tea, celery and parsley
combats anxiety
anti-inflammatory
Health conditions that may
benefit from Cannabis
ADD Crohn’s Migraines
ADHD Depression Mood Disorders
Addictions / Diabetic Neuropathy MS
Withdrawal Dystonia Spasms
Anorexia Epilepsy Muscular Dystrophy
Eating Disorders Fibromyalgia Nausea
ALS Gastrointestinal Overactive Bladder
Alzheimer’s Glaucoma Palliative Care
Anxiety Hepatitis C Parkinson’s
Stress HIV Post-concussion
Arthritis Huntington’s PTSD
Asthma Hypothyroid Seizure Disorders
Brain Injury Inflammation Sexual Dysfunction
Cancer Treatment Side IBS Sleep Disorders
Effects Kidney Failure Spinal Cord Injury/
Chronic Pain Dialysis Disease
Colitis Menstrual Pain
InformaSon for Health Care Professionals: Cannabis (marihuana, marijuana) and the
cannabinoids [Health Canada, 2013]
Cautions
youth under 18 yrs
- our brain is not fully
developed until early to

mid 20s
inexperienced users
- an uncomfortable first
experience with
cannabis can turn a
person away from the
very medication that
could help them
Cautions
elderly & frail
advanced cardio-
pulmonary disease
- THC can cause
tachycardia (rapid heart

beat), fainting & changes
in blood pressure, any of
which could be dangerous
for patients with severe
cardio-pulmonary disease
Check with qualified doctor!
Many elderly are experiencing
health gains with CBD!
Cautions
some psychiatric disorders
- check with a qualified
doctor
- do not stop any
medications without the

supervision of a doctor
- always ask for help
Cautions
pregnancy and lactation
- there is not enough
information yet on the effects

of cannabis use during
pregnancy and lactation
- we know it can damage the
developing brains of
teenagers
- check with a qualified doctor
pre-pregnancy
- heavy cannabis use may
lower sperm count

Cautions
allergy to cannabis
- although rare, some
people experience an
allergic reaction when
using or being in contact
with cannabis
Adverse Reactions
tachycardia (elevated
heart rate)
paranoia
increased anxiety
dizziness
disorientation
perceived time alterations
impaired motor control
numbness
dehydration (red eyes, dry
mouth, headache, etc)
decreased motivation
Adverse Reactions
Hyperemesis Syndrome (cyclical vomiting)
depends on frequency, high dosages over time, and
the users genetics
hot showers can provide some relief
abstinence for at least 30 days can reset the ECS to
proper functioning
after 30 day abstinence, to avoid recurrence dosage
must be set at the smallest amount that provides
relief; frequency of dosing should be spread out as
much as possible

Side-effect or Desired-effect?
Sedative or treatment for insomnia?
Appetite stimulant or treatment for loss of
appetite (anorexia)?
Catalepsy (couch lock) or relief from
nervous tension?
Impaired short-term memory or relief
from PSTD?
Intake Methods
Inhalation
Ingestion
Sublingual
Suppository
Absorption
Intake Methods: Inhalation
taken into the body through the lungs
quick onset 3-5 mins
effects last 2-4 hours
may aggravate chronic bronchitis
InformaSon for Health Care Professionals: Cannabis (marihuana, marijuana) and the cannabinoids [Health Canada, 2013]
Smoking vs Vaporizing:
Vaporizers heat the dried cannabis enough to boil (turn to
vapor) cannabinoids, terpenes and some flavonoids, but
not hot enough to combust,thus avoiding the carcinogens
associated with inhaling smoke
Easier for patients to manage their dosage
Plasma concentrations for THC the same weather smoked
or vaporized
vaporizing uses a lot less product
InformaSon for Health Care Professionals: Cannabis (marihuana, marijuana) and the cannabinoids [Health Canada, 2013]
Boiling temperatures of Cannabis’ common cannabinoids, terpenes, flavinoids & phytosterols
CBDV (cannabidivarin) 65°C 149°F

THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) decarb starts at 90°C* 90°C 194°F
Humulene 107°C 225°F
Caryophyllene 129°C 264°F
CBDA (cannabidiolic acid) decarb starts at 80°C* 130°C 266°F
Beta-sitosterol (phytosterol) 134°C 273°F
Pinene 155°C 311°F
𝛥 9 THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) 157°C 315°F
Myrcene 167°C 333°F
Limonene 176°C 349°F
Apigenin (flavinoid) 178°C 352°F
CBD (cannabidiol) (160°C - 180°C) 180°C 356°F
Cannflavin (flavinoid) 182°C 360°F
CBN (cannabinol) 185°C 365°F
Terpinolene 187°C 369°F
Linalool 198°C 388°F
CBC (cannabichromene) 220°C 428°F
CBG (Cannabigerol) 220°C 428°F
THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin) 220°C 428°F
Terpineol 221°C 430°F
Combustion (200°C - 230°C) 230°C 451°F
Quercetin (flavinoid) 250°C 482°F
*NOTE: It takes "3 hours at 100°C to convert THCA fully into THC and 4 hours at 98°C. At high temperatures
above 160°C only about 10 minutes and at 200°C only seconds are needed to convert THCA fully into THC."
REFERENCES:
1 US National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Open Chemistry
database. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
2 McPartland, John & Russo, Ethan. (2001). Cannabis and cannabis extracts: Greater than the sum of their parts?. J
Cannabis Therapeutics. 1. 103-132. 10.1300/J175v01n03_08.
3 Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/
4 Project CBD. www.projectcbd.org
5 Cerilliant Analytical Reference Standards. www.cerilliant.com
6 Kerstin Iffland, Michael Carus and Dr. med. Franjo Grotenhermen, nova-Institut GmbH. Decarboxylation of
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) to active THC. http://eiha.org/media/2014/08/16-10-25-Decarboxylation-of-
THCA-to-active-THC.pdf
Vaporizer
CAUTIONS:
Smoke contains toxic by-products such as carbon
monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and
tar
2nd hand smoke and 2nd hand vapour can be dangerous
for others in the room. Do not smoke or vape around
babies, children, teens or people sensitive to THC.
Be aware of the solvent used to create concentrates.
Smoked concentrates may contain trace amounts of
solvents such as butane. Small amount of butane, over
time can cause cumulative damage to lungs, liver and
kidneys - similar to the effects of inhaling pollution
Intake Method: Ingestion
taken into the body through
the digestive system
slow onset 30 – 90 mins
effects last 6-10 hours
oils, tinctures (alcohol/
glycerin), baking, drinks,
tea, gummies, lollipops,
capsules (oils, decarbed
powder)
wait at least 4 - 8 hrs
between doses
Intake Methods
Ingestion
must be taken with fatty
food because cannabinoids
are fat soluble and won’t be
effective unless properly
digested
ingested cannabis can be
much more potent then
inhaled … always use
caution with a new product
or THC sensitive person
Intake Methods
Ingestion
If ingested cannabis is not
properly digested, the
person may not feel the
effects from that dose until
the next time they eat,
which could be 12 – 14
hours later
Bad news if your cannabis
dose for sleeping doesn’t
kick in until you eat
breakfast!
Intake Method: Sublingual
Sublingual
taken into the body by
allowing to absorb under
the tongue
medium onset 20 - 40
mins
effects last 4 - 8 hours
works best with alcohol
tinctures
technology used in the
supplement industry will
be used to create truly
sublingual cannabis
tablets
Intake Method: Sublingual
CAUTIONS
inquire about the solvent used to create concentrates such
as phoenix tears
acetone (commonly used as nail polish remover) is a
potent solvent, stripping most everything from the plant
(the good and the bad) into concentration
will also concentrate molds, left over fertilizers and
pesticides, and other contaminants
Intake Method: Suppository
Suppository
taken into the body through
the rectum or vagina
psychoactivity can be more
pronounced for some or
not psychoactive at all for
others
USE CAUTION FIRST
TIME
used in cancer treatment as
a way to get larger amount
of cannabis medicine into
the body
Intake Method: Absorption
Absorption
taken into the body
through the skin
psychoactivity is rare with
salves and creams as it
doesn’t absorb well
best for surface conditions
can reapply as needed
alcohol rubs / liniments
absorb more readily and
need to be used with
caution as psychoactivity
more likely to occur
THC Tolerance
Aka “membrane receptor endosome internalization”
the cell literally pulls cannabinoid receptor inside,
where it is no longer available to be stimulated
Tolerance levels vary greatly for individuals (from
3-5mg to 300-500mg+)
Tolerance can happen to any cannabis user within a
few hours/day/weeks/months (have you ever ‘smoked
yourself straight’?)
Certain conditions (cancer, chronic infection) may
respond better to very high doses, so one may need
to deliberately up their tolerance by slowly increasing
dosage over a few days/weeks
THC Tolerance
“sensitization protocol” allows one to reset the
sensitivity of the ECS
24 hours - 6 days abstinence from Cannabis is usually
long enough to reset the receptors
some require 3 months to reset, then keep to low doses
less often
If abstinence not an option,
changing strains can help
avoid or manage
tolerance levels
Microdosing
A technique for studying the
behaviour of ‘therapeutic
agents’ in humans through
the administration of doses so
low ("sub-therapeutic") they
are unlikely to produce
whole-body effects, but high
enough to allow the cellular
response to be studied.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microdosing
Microdosing
Some people benefit from taking very small amounts of
cannabis to ‘remind’ their endocannabinoid system to
kick in
Small amounts of cannabis taken more often may help
avoid psychoactivity
By microdosing as a preventative, when an outbreak of
symptoms occurs a larger dose can be taken without
experiencing tolerance
Preliminary studies on microdosing cannabis suggest
that low amounts of THC will up-regulate the
endocannabinoid system
Entourage Effect
Like all plant medicine,
the whole plant is often
more powerful than its
individual constituents
“Use the herb, the whole

herb and nothing but the
herb so help me Herbalist!”
… Dr. Terry Willard, PhD
How much in a dose?
“biphasic dose-response curve”

h3p://healer.com/cannabis-dosing-less-is-usually-more/
Titration
Start low. Go slow.
medicinal cannabis dosing is
highly individual
learning to listen to the
body’s signals is crucial to
getting a ‘goldilocks’ dosage
have your client keep a
journal (date, time taken,
method of intake, dosage,
strain(s), food intake,
symptom score before and
after, short/long term effects,
activity level, etc)
Cannabinoid Ratios
Medical Cannabinoid Foundation: h2p://mcfau.com.au/thc/

THC Potency
DRY HERB POTENCY
Negligible Low Medium High
<2% 2%-10% 10% - 20% 20% - 30%
OIL POTENCY
Negligible Low Medium High
<2mg/ml 2-10mg/ml 10-20mg/ml 20-30mg/ml
concentrates
>60%
CBD Potency
DRY HERB POTENCY
Negligible Low High
<2% 2%-10% 10% - 18.5%
OIL POTENCY
Negligible Med High
<2 mg/ml 2-10 mg/ml 10-25 mg/ml
concentrates
???? - are there any CBD concentrates on the market yet?
Dosing Best Practices
1. Determine the desired goals for using cannabis
medicine
2. Understand the user’s past experience with cannabis
and, if experienced, their tolerance level
3. Understand the difference between daytime strains vs
nighttime strains (Sativa vs Indica)
4. Decide on best intake method(s)
5. Choose a cannabinoid ratio - THC/CBD
6. Look for a terpene profile that addresses symptoms
7. Start low. Go slow.
8. Don’t give up! Finding the right strain and intake
method takes time!
Medicating/Dosing Check List
1. Gather information about the user:
• what is their therapeutic goal (health concern)?
• what symptom(s) are expressed from that health concern?
• when are / what makes symptoms worse?
• what is their experience with THC?
2. Determine the best intake method(s) based on the

information you gathered about the user:
• quick acting?
• long lasting?
3. Build a product profile:

• Strain category
• Cannabinoid ratio & potency (THC/CBD)
• Terpene profile
4. Choose a product.
Lets put it all together
I can’t sleep!
Gather user
Sleep aid
information:
Therapeutic Goal:
Symptoms:
THC Experience:
User info:
Therapeutic Goal: Sleep aid
quality sleep
Symptoms:
joint inflammation & pain
worse at night
can’t get comfortable lying
down; toss & turn trying to
fall asleep
pain when rolling over
(wakes them up)
THC Experience:
occasionally for recreation
never had a bad
experience
Build a product profile
based on user’s info
User info:
quality sleep Intake Method(s):

Symptoms:
Product profile:
joint inflammation & pain ‣ Strain Category:
worse at night ‣ Cannabinoid Ratio:
‣ Cannabinoid Potency:
can’t get comfortable lying
‣ Desired Terpene Profile:
fall asleep
pain when rolling over
(wakes them up)
THC Experience:
never had a bad
experience
User info:

Symptoms: ‣ Inhalation: fast-acting to induce
sleep, and
joint inflammation & pain ‣ Ingestion: long lasting to stay
worse at night asleep
can’t get comfortable lying Product profile:
‣ Strain Category: Indica
fall asleep ‣ Cannabinoid Ratio: mostly THC
pain when rolling over ‣ Cannabinoid Potency: medium
(wakes them up) ‣ Desired Terpene Profile:
- Pain: Myrcene
THC Experience: - Inflammation: Caryophyllene
never had a bad
experience
User info:

Symptoms: ‣ Inhalation: fast-acting to induce
sleep, and
joint inflammation & pain ‣ Ingestion: long lasting to stay
worse at night asleep
can’t get comfortable lying Product profile:
‣ Strain Category: Indica
fall asleep ‣ Cannabinoid Ratio: mostly THC
pain when rolling over ‣ Cannabinoid Potency: medium
(wakes them up) ‣ Desired Terpene Profile:
- Pain: Myrcene
THC Experience: - Inflammation: Caryophyllene
never had a bad
experience
LPs Quality Assurance
Health Canada has strict guidelines on pesticides,

molds, fertilizers, etc
Each batch must be tested for a multitude of
contaminants
Some licensed producers cold-pasteurize (irradiate)
some or all their batches to ensure any undetected
mold is neutralized
As unpleasant as it sounds, irradiated product is the
best choice for people with auto-immune issues and/
or poor immune health
Anxiety is ruining my life!
Gather user
Anti-anxiety aid
information:
Therapeutic Goal:
Symptoms:
THC Experience:
User info:
Therapeutic Goal: Anti-anxiety aid
reduce anxiety
Symptoms:
general anxiety
always present, but worse
in certain situations like
business meetings
THC Experience:
tried once in high school
didn’t like it - very
uncomfortable!
User info:
reduce anxiety Intake Method(s):

Symptoms:
Product profile:
general anxiety ‣ Strain Category:
always present, but worse ‣ Cannabinoid Ratio:
‣ Cannabinoid Potency:
in certain situations like
business meetings
THC Experience:
didn’t like it - very
uncomfortable!
User info:

Symptoms: ‣ Ingestion: long lasting to manage
symptoms throughout the day
general anxiety ‣ Inhalation: quick acting to take
before meetings (as required)
in certain situations like Product profile:
business meetings
‣ Strain Category: CBD
THC Experience: ‣ Cannabinoid Ratio: mostly CBD
‣ Cannabinoid Potency: n/a
didn’t like it - very - Limonene, Linalool &
uncomfortable! caryophyllene
- unfortunately at this point there
are not enough CBD products to
choose from!
User info:

Symptoms: ‣ Ingestion: long lasting to manage
symptoms throughout the day
general anxiety ‣ Inhalation: quick acting to take
before meetings (as required)
in certain situations like Product profile:
business meetings
‣ Strain Category: CBD
THC Experience: ‣ Cannabinoid Ratio: mostly CBD
‣ Cannabinoid Potency: n/a
didn’t like it - very - Limonene, Linalool &
uncomfortable! caryophyllene
- unfortunately at this point there
are not enough CBD products to
choose from!
Strain Practice
How to access the quiz
A link and password will be sent to you via email next
week (watch for email from info@lodgepoleschool.com)
You will have 30 days to complete the quiz with a mark of
at least 80/100
Take it as many times as you like
A certificate from Lodgepole School of Wholistic Studies
will be emailed to you 7-10 days after successful
completion of the quiz
Certificate good for employment in cannabis industry &
continuing education credits
Upcoming Herb Conferences
Kootenay Herb Conference
June 1-3, 2018
Slocan Valley BC
Sangha Festival of Medicine

July 6-9, 2018
Cochrane, AB
Alberta Herb Gathering

July 20-23, 2018
Pigeon Lake, AB
Vancouver Island Herb Conference

June 2019
Courtenay, BC
Dear Cannabis Plant -
Your prohibition has been unjust and

politically motivated. My wish is that
you will soon find yourself as accepted
into daily life as our morning coffee and
evening glass of wine. May you once
again grow freely beside the dandelions
in the ditch. Thank you, and all plant
medicine, for persevering through our
ignorance.
Lots of love from the people of earth ❤
©2018 Jeananne Laing & Enhealthment Wholistics www.enhealthment.com

thank you for attending
Cannabis Medicine
for herbalists and other people
with Jeananne Laing, Cannabis Educator

Master/Clinical Herbalist
Integrative Nutrition Health Coach
email: jeananne@enhealthment.com
website: jeanannelaing.com

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Cannabis Medicine

for herbalists and other people

with Jeananne Laing, Cannabis Educator

Even though cannabis has been used as medicine

The information in this workshop may become

Each person reacts differently to

Remember the cannabis mantra:

Start low. Go slow.

Endocannabinoids: The Brain and Body’s Marijuana and Beyond 2006

Endocannabinoids: The Brain and Body’s Marijuana and Beyond 2006

“Reefer makes darkies think they’re as good as white

Walther OFo Müller [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Sunny Sativa. In-da-couch Indica.

Sun And Moon by Jessica Kauffman. https://fineartamerica.com/featured/sun-and-moon-jessica-kauffman.html

By Psychonaught [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Backes, Michael Cannabis Pharmacy 2017

FUN FACT: insects do not have cannabinoid receptors!

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

Backes, Michael Cannabis Pharmacy 2017

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

CONNECTIVE TISSUE HEALTH:

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

REGULATION OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

Non-psychoactive for most people

Aunt Zelda’s Lifecycle of cannabinoids © 2016

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

these same results have been seen with other types of

The Endocannabinoid System 2014 Medical Cannabis InsStute. DusSn Sulak, DO

developed until early to