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Character Tables-From Miessler
Character Tables-From Miessler
Character Tables
NOTE: i = 2 -1; e* = e with -i substituted for i.
C1 E
A 1
Cs E Sh
A 1 1 x, y, Rz x2, y2, z2, xy
A 1 -1 z, Rx, Ry yz, xz
Ci E i
Ag 1 1 R x, R y, R z x2, y2, z2, xy, xz, yz
Au 1 -1 x, y, z
C2 E C2
A 1 1 z, Rz x2, y2, z2, xy
B 1 -1 x, y, Rx, Ry yz, xz
C3 E C3 C32
A 1 1 1 z, Rz x2 + y2, z2
1 e*
e f
e
E (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (x2 - y2, xy), (yz, xz)
1 e* e
e = e(2pi)>3
C4 E C4 C2 C4 3
A 1 1 1 1 z, Rz x2 + y2, z2
B 1 -1 1 -1 x2 - y2, xy
1 i -1 -i
E e f (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (yz, xz)
1 -i -1 i
658
2. Cn, Cnv, and Cnh Groups | 659
C5 E C5 C5 2 C5 3 C5 4
A 1 1 1 1 1 z, Rz x2 + y2, z2
1 e e2 e2* e*
E1 e f (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (yz, xz)
1 e* e2* e2 e
1 e2 e* e e2*
E2 e f (x2 - y2, xy)
1 e2* e e* e2
e = e(2pi)>5
C6 E C6 C3 C2 C3 2 C6 5
A 1 1 1 1 1 1 z, Rz x2 + y2, z2
B 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
1 e - e* -1 -e e*
E1 e f (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (yz, xz)
1 e* -e -1 - e* e
* *
E2 1 -e -e 1 -e -e (x2 - y2, xy)
e f
1 -e - e* 1 -e - e*
e = e(pi)>3
C7 E C7 C7 2 C7 3 C7 4 C7 5 C7 6
A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 z, Rz x2 + y2, z2
e = e(2pi)>7
C8 E C8 C4 C2 C4 3 C8 3 C8 5 C8 7
A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 z, Rz x2 + y2, z2
B 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1
*
1 e i -1 -i -e -e e* (x, y),
E1 e f (yz, xz)
1 e* -i -1 i -e - e* e (Rx, Ry)
1 i -1 1 -1 -i i -i
E2 e f (x2 - y2, xy)
1 -i -1 1 -1 i -i i
1 -e i -1 -i e* e - e*
E3 e f
1 - e* -i -1 i e e* -e
e = e(pi)>4
Cnv Groups
C2v E C2 Sv(xz) Sv ⬘(yz)
A1 1 1 1 1 z x2, y2, z2
A2 1 1 -1 -1 Rz xy
B1 1 -1 1 -1 x, Ry xz
B2 1 -1 -1 1 y, Rx yz
A2 1 1 -1 Rz
E 2 -1 0 (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (x2 - y2, xy), (xz, yz)
660 Appendix C | Character Tables
A2 1 1 1 -1 -1 Rz
B1 1 -1 1 1 -1 x2 - y2
B2 1 -1 1 -1 1 xy
E 2 0 -2 0 0 (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
A1 1 1 1 1 z x2 + y2, z2
A2 1 1 1 -1 Rz
E1 2 2 cos 72⬚ 2 cos 144⬚ 0 (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
E2 2 2 cos 144⬚ 2 cos 72⬚ 0 (x2 - y2, xy)
A2 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 Rz
B1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
B2 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1
E1 2 1 -1 -2 0 0 (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
E2 2 -1 -1 2 0 0 (x2 - y2, xy)
Cnh Groups
C2h E C2 i Sh
Ag 1 1 1 1 Rz x2, y2, z2, xy
Bg 1 -1 1 -1 R x, R y xz, yz
Au 1 1 -1 -1 z
Bu 1 -1 -1 1 x, y
C3h E C3 C3 2 Sh S3 S3 5
A⬘ 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rz x2 + y2, z2
* *
1 e e 1 e e
E⬘ e f (x, y) (x2 - y2, xy)
1 e* e 1 e* e
A⬙ 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 z
1 e e* -1 -e - e*
E⬙ e f (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
1 e* e -1 - e* -e
e = e(2pi)>3
C4h E C4 C2 C4 3 i S4 3 Sh S4
Ag 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rz x2 + y2, z2
Bg 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 x2 - y2, xy
1 i -1 -i 1 i -1 -i
Eg e f (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
1 -i -1 i 1 -i -1 i
Au 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 z
Bu 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 i -1 -i -1 -i 1 i (x, y)
Eu e f
1 -i -1 i -1 i 1 -i
3. Dn, Dnd, and Dnh Groups | 661
C5h E C5 C5 2 C53 C5 4 Sh S5 S5 7 S5 3 S5 9
A⬘ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rz x2 + y2, z2
* *
1 e e 2
e2*
e 1 e e 2
e2*
e
E1 ⬘ e f (x, y)
1 e* e2* e2 e 1 e* e2* e2 e
* *
1 e2
e e e 2*
1 e 2
e e e 2*
E2 ⬘ e f (x2 - y2, xy)
1 e2* e e* e2 1 e2* e e* e2
A⬙ 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 z
1 e e2 e2* e* -1 -e - e2 - e2* - e*
E1 ⬙ e f (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
1 e* e2* e2 e -1 - e* - e2* - e2 -e
* *
1 e2
e e e 2*
-1 -e 2
-e -e -e 2*
E2 ⬙ e f
1 e2* e e* e2 -1 - e2* -e - e* - e2
e = e(2pi)>5
C6h E C6 C3 C2 C3 2 C6 5 i S35 S6 5 Sh S6 S3
Ag 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rz x2 + y2, z2
Bg 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
* * *
1 e -e -1 -e e 1 e -e -1 -e e*
E1g e f (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
1 e* -e -1 - e* e 1 e* -e -1 - e* e
* * * *
1 -e -e 1 -e -e 1 -e -e 1 -e -e
E2g e f (x2 - y2, xy)
1 -e - e* 1 -e - e* 1 -e - e* 1 -e - e*
Au 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 z
Bu 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
1 e - e* -1 -e e* -1 -e e* 1 e - e*
E1u e f (x, y)
1 e* -e -1 - e* e -1 - e* e 1 e* -e
* * * *
1 -e -e 1 -e -e -1 e e -1 e e
E2u e f
1 -e - e* 1 -e - e* -1 e e* -1 e e*
e = e(pi)>3
B1 1 1 -1 -1 z, Rz xy
B2 1 -1 1 -1 y, Ry xz
B3 1 -1 -1 1 x, Rx yz
D3 E 2C3 3C2
A1 1 1 1 x2 + y2, z2
A2 1 1 -1 z, Rz
E 2 -1 0 (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (x2 - y2, xy), (xz, yz)
A2 1 1 1 -1 -1 z, Rz
B1 1 -1 1 1 -1 x2 - y 2
B2 1 -1 1 -1 1 xy
E 2 0 -2 0 0 (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
662 Appendix C | Character Tables
A2 1 1 1 -1 z, Rz
E1 2 2 cos 72° 2 cos 144° 0 (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
E2 2 2 cos 144° 2 cos 72° 0 (x2 - y2, xy)
A2 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 z, Rz
B1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
B2 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1
E1 2 1 -1 -2 0 0 (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
E2 2 -1 -1 2 0 0 (x2 - y2, xy)
Dnd Groups
D2d E 2S4 C2 2C2 ⬘ 2Sd
A1 1 1 1 1 1 x2 + y2, z2
A2 1 1 1 -1 -1 Rz
B1 1 -1 1 1 -1 x2 - y 2
B2 1 -1 1 -1 1 z xy
E 2 0 -2 0 0 (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
A2g 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 Rz
Eg 2 -1 0 2 -1 0 (Rx, Ry) (x2 - y2, xy) (xz, yz)
A1u 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1
A2u 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 z
Eu 2 -1 0 -2 1 0 (x, y)
A2 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 Rz
B1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
B2 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 z
E1 2 22 0 - 22 -2 0 0 (x, y)
E2 2 0 -2 0 2 0 0 (x2 - y2, xy)
E3 2 - 22 0 22 -2 0 0 (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
A2g 1 1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 Rz
E1g 2 2 cos 72° 2 cos 144° 0 2 2 cos 72° 2 cos 144° 0 (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
E2g 2 2 cos 144° 2 cos 72° 0 2 2 cos 144° 2 cos 72° 0 (x2 - y2, xy)
A1u 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
A2u 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 z
E1u 2 2 cos 72° 2 cos 144° 0 -2 -2 cos 72° -2 cos 144° 0 (x, y)
E2u 2 2 cos 144° 2 cos 72° 0 -2 -2 cos 144° -2 cos 72° 0
3. Dn, Dnd, and Dnh Groups | 663
Dnh Groups
D2h E C2(z) C2(y) C2(x) i S(xy) S(xz) S(yz)
Ag 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x2, y2, z2
B1g 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 Rz xy
B2g 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 Ry xz
B3g 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 Rx yz
Au 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
B1u 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 z
B2u 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 y
B3u 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 x
B1g 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
B2g 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1
E1g 2 1 -1 -2 0 0 2 1 -1 -2 0 0 (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
E2g 2 -1 -1 2 0 0 2 -1 -1 2 0 0 (x2 - y2, xy)
A1u 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
A2u 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 z
B1u 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
B2u 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
E1u 2 1 -1 -2 0 0 -2 -1 1 2 0 0 (x, y)
E2u 2 -1 -1 2 0 0 -2 1 1 -2 0 0
D8h E 2C8 2C83 2C4 C2 4C2 ⬘ 4C2 ⬙ i 2S8 2S83 2S4 Sh 4Sd 4Sv
A1g 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x2 + y2, z2
A2g 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 Rz
B1g 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1
B2g 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1
E1g 2 22 - 22 0 -2 0 0 2 22 - 22 0 -2 0 0 (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
E2g 2 0 0 -2 2 0 0 2 0 0 -2 2 0 0 (x2 - y2, xy)
E3g 2 - 22 22 0 -2 0 0 2 - 22 22 0 -2 0 0
A1u 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
A2u 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 z
B1u 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1
B2u 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
E1u 2 22 - 22 0 -2 0 0 -2 - 22 22 0 2 0 0 (x, y)
E2u 2 0 0 -2 2 0 0 -2 0 0 2 -2 0 0
E3u 2 - 22 22 0 -2 0 0 -2 22 - 22 0 2 0 0
5. S2n Groups | 665
4. Linear Groups
C⬁v E 2C ⬁f P ⬁ Sv
+
A1 ‚ ⌺ 1 1 g 1 z x2 + y2, z2
-
A2 ‚ ⌺ 1 1 g -1 Rz
D ⬁h E 2C ⬁f P ⬁Sv i 2S ⬁f P ⬁C2
A1g ‚ ⌺ g+ 1 1 g 1 1 1 g 1 x2 + y2, z2
-
A2g ‚ ⌺ g 1 1 g -1 1 1 g -1 Rz
E1g ‚ ⌸g 2 2 cos f g 0 2 - 2 cos f g 0 (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
E2g ‚ ⌬ g 2 2 cos 2f g 0 2 2 cos 2f g 0 (x2 - y2, xy)
g g g g g g g g g
+
A1u ‚ ⌺ u 1 1 g 1 -1 -1 g -1 z
-
A2u ‚ ⌺ u 1 1 g -1 -1 -1 g 1
E1u ‚ ⌸u 2 2 cos f g 0 -2 2 cos f g 0 (x, y)
E2u ‚ ⌬ u 2 2 cos 2f g 0 -2 - 2 cos 2f g 0
g g g g g g g g g
5. S2n Groups
S4 E S4 C2 S4 3
A 1 1 1 1 Rz x2 + y2, z2
B 1 -1 1 -1 z x2 - y2, xy
1 i -1 -i
E e f (x, y), (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)
1 -i -1 i
S6 E C3 C3 2 i S6 5 S6
Ag 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rz x2 + y2, z2
* *
1 e e 1 e e (x2 - y2, xy)
Eg e f (Rx, Ry)
1 e* e 1 e* e (xz, yz)
Au 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 z
1 e e* -1 -e - e*
Eu e f (x, y)
1 e* e -1 - e* -e
e = e(2pi)>3
S8 E S8 C4 S83 C2 S8 5 C4 3 S8 7
A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rz x2 + y2, z2
B 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 z
1 e i - e* -1 -e -i e* (x, y),
E1 e f
1 e* -i -e -1 - e* i e (Rx, Ry)
1 i -1 -i 1 i -1 -i
E2 e f (x2 - y2, xy)
1 -i -1 i 1 -i -1 i
1 - e* -i e -1 e* i -e
E3 e f (xz, yz)
1 -e i e* -1 e -i - e*
e = e(pi)>4
666 Appendix C | Character Tables
e = e(2pi)>3
e = e(2pi)>3
A2g 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1
Eg 2 -1 0 0 2 2 0 -1 2 0 (2z2 - x2 - y2, x2 - y2)
T1g 3 0 -1 1 -1 3 1 0 -1 -1 (Rx, Ry, Rz)
T2g 3 0 1 -1 -1 3 -1 0 -1 1 (xy, xz, yz)
A1u 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
A2u 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1
Eu 2 -1 0 0 2 -2 0 1 -2 0
T1u 3 0 -1 1 -1 -3 -1 0 1 1 (x, y, z)
T2u 3 0 1 -1 -1 -3 1 0 1 -1
G 4 -1 -1 1 0
H 5 0 0 -1 1 (xy, xz, yz, x2 - y2, 2z2 - x2 - y2)
Gg 4 -1 -1 1 0 4 -1 -1 1 0
Hg 5 0 0 -1 1 5 0 0 -1 1 (2z2 - x2 - y2, x2 - y2, xy, xz, yz)
Au 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1
T1u 3 2 (1 + 25) 2 (1 - 25) 0 -1 -3 - 12 (1 - 25) - 12 (1 + 25) 0 1 (x, y, z)
1 1
T2u 3 2 (1 - 25) 2 (1 + 25) 0 -1 -3 - 12 (1 + 25) - 12 (1 - 25) 0 1
Gu 4 -1 -1 1 0 -4 1 1 -1 0
Hu 5 0 0 -1 1 -5 0 0 1 -1
6. Tetrahedral, Octahedral, and Icosahedral Groups | 667